Personalized Practical Opflow 1.ipynb

{
 "cells": [
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "# Parameterized evolution"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 54,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "import numpy as np\n",
    "\n",
    "matrix = np.diag([1, 2, 5, 0])"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 40,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "Operator([[1.+0.j, 0.+0.j, 0.+0.j, 0.+0.j],\n",
      "          [0.+0.j, 2.+0.j, 0.+0.j, 0.+0.j],\n",
      "          [0.+0.j, 0.+0.j, 3.+0.j, 0.+0.j],\n",
      "          [0.+0.j, 0.+0.j, 0.+0.j, 0.+0.j]],\n",
      "         input_dims=(2, 2), output_dims=(2, 2))\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "from qiskit.opflow import MatrixOp\n",
    "\n",
    "op = MatrixOp(matrix)\n",
    "\n",
    "print(op)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 41,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "<class 'qiskit.opflow.primitive_ops.circuit_op.CircuitOp'>\n",
      "<class 'qiskit.circuit.quantumcircuit.QuantumCircuit'>\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "op.exp_i()\n",
    "print(type(op.exp_i()))\n",
    "print(type(op.exp_i().primitive))"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 42,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "circuit = op.exp_i().primitive"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 43,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "global phase: -4.0708\n",
      "     ┌──────────────────┐           ┌─────────────────┐           »\n",
      "q_0: ┤ U(0.0,3π/4,3π/4) ├──■────────┤ U(π,3π/4,-3π/4) ├────────■──»\n",
      "     ├─────────────────┬┘┌─┴─┐┌─────┴─────────────────┴─────┐┌─┴─┐»\n",
      "q_1: ┤ U(π/2,-π/2,π/2) ├─┤ X ├┤ U(π/2,3.57079632679490,π/2) ├┤ X ├»\n",
      "     └─────────────────┘ └───┘└─────────────────────────────┘└───┘»\n",
      "«     ┌─────────────────────────────────────────┐\n",
      "«q_0: ┤ U(π,4.42699081698724,0.285398163397448) ├\n",
      "«     └────────────┬────────────────┬───────────┘\n",
      "«q_1: ─────────────┤ U(0.0,π/2,π/2) ├────────────\n",
      "«                  └────────────────┘            \n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "from qiskit import transpile\n",
    "basis_gates = ['cx', 'rx', 'ry', 'rz', 'x', 'h', 'u']\n",
    "unrolled = transpile(circuit, basis_gates=basis_gates, optimization_level=0)\n",
    "print(unrolled.draw())"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 46,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "ename": "QiskitError",
     "evalue": "'Error decomposing node hamiltonian: Unable to generate Unitary matrix for unbound t parameter 1.0*t'",
     "output_type": "error",
     "traceback": [
      "\u001b[0;31m---------------------------------------------------------------------------\u001b[0m",
      "\u001b[0;31mTypeError\u001b[0m                                 Traceback (most recent call last)",
      "\u001b[0;32m~/Qiskit/qiskit-terra/qiskit/extensions/hamiltonian_gate.py\u001b[0m in \u001b[0;36m__array__\u001b[0;34m(self, dtype)\u001b[0m\n\u001b[1;32m     84\u001b[0m         \u001b[0;32mtry\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m:\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0;32m---> 85\u001b[0;31m             \u001b[0;32mreturn\u001b[0m \u001b[0mscipy\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m.\u001b[0m\u001b[0mlinalg\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m.\u001b[0m\u001b[0mexpm\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m(\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m-\u001b[0m\u001b[0;36m1j\u001b[0m \u001b[0;34m*\u001b[0m \u001b[0mself\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m.\u001b[0m\u001b[0mparams\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m[\u001b[0m\u001b[0;36m0\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m]\u001b[0m \u001b[0;34m*\u001b[0m \u001b[0mfloat\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m(\u001b[0m\u001b[0mself\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m.\u001b[0m\u001b[0mparams\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m[\u001b[0m\u001b[0;36m1\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m]\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m)\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m)\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0m\u001b[1;32m     86\u001b[0m         \u001b[0;32mexcept\u001b[0m \u001b[0mTypeError\u001b[0m \u001b[0;32mas\u001b[0m \u001b[0mex\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m:\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n",
      "\u001b[0;32m~/Qiskit/qiskit-terra/qiskit/circuit/parameterexpression.py\u001b[0m in \u001b[0;36m__float__\u001b[0;34m(self)\u001b[0m\n\u001b[1;32m    352\u001b[0m             raise TypeError('ParameterExpression with unbound parameters ({}) '\n\u001b[0;32m--> 353\u001b[0;31m                             'cannot be cast to a float.'.format(self.parameters))\n\u001b[0m\u001b[1;32m    354\u001b[0m         \u001b[0;32mreturn\u001b[0m \u001b[0mfloat\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m(\u001b[0m\u001b[0mself\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m.\u001b[0m\u001b[0m_symbol_expr\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m)\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n",
      "\u001b[0;31mTypeError\u001b[0m: ParameterExpression with unbound parameters ({Parameter(t)}) cannot be cast to a float.",
      "\nThe above exception was the direct cause of the following exception:\n",
      "\u001b[0;31mTypeError\u001b[0m                                 Traceback (most recent call last)",
      "\u001b[0;32m~/Qiskit/qiskit-terra/qiskit/transpiler/passes/basis/unroll_custom_definitions.py\u001b[0m in \u001b[0;36mrun\u001b[0;34m(self, dag)\u001b[0m\n\u001b[1;32m     72\u001b[0m             \u001b[0;32mtry\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m:\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0;32m---> 73\u001b[0;31m                 \u001b[0mrule\u001b[0m \u001b[0;34m=\u001b[0m \u001b[0mnode\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m.\u001b[0m\u001b[0mop\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m.\u001b[0m\u001b[0mdefinition\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m.\u001b[0m\u001b[0mdata\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0m\u001b[1;32m     74\u001b[0m             \u001b[0;32mexcept\u001b[0m \u001b[0mTypeError\u001b[0m \u001b[0;32mas\u001b[0m \u001b[0merr\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m:\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n",
      "\u001b[0;32m~/Qiskit/qiskit-terra/qiskit/circuit/instruction.py\u001b[0m in \u001b[0;36mdefinition\u001b[0;34m(self)\u001b[0m\n\u001b[1;32m    206\u001b[0m         \u001b[0;32mif\u001b[0m \u001b[0mself\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m.\u001b[0m\u001b[0m_definition\u001b[0m \u001b[0;32mis\u001b[0m \u001b[0;32mNone\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m:\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0;32m--> 207\u001b[0;31m             \u001b[0mself\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m.\u001b[0m\u001b[0m_define\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m(\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m)\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0m\u001b[1;32m    208\u001b[0m         \u001b[0;32mreturn\u001b[0m \u001b[0mself\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m.\u001b[0m\u001b[0m_definition\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n",
      "\u001b[0;32m~/Qiskit/qiskit-terra/qiskit/extensions/hamiltonian_gate.py\u001b[0m in \u001b[0;36m_define\u001b[0;34m(self)\u001b[0m\n\u001b[1;32m    109\u001b[0m         \u001b[0mqc\u001b[0m \u001b[0;34m=\u001b[0m \u001b[0mQuantumCircuit\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m(\u001b[0m\u001b[0mq\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m,\u001b[0m \u001b[0mname\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m=\u001b[0m\u001b[0mself\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m.\u001b[0m\u001b[0mname\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m)\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0;32m--> 110\u001b[0;31m         \u001b[0mqc\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m.\u001b[0m\u001b[0m_append\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m(\u001b[0m\u001b[0mUnitaryGate\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m(\u001b[0m\u001b[0mself\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m.\u001b[0m\u001b[0mto_matrix\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m(\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m)\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m)\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m,\u001b[0m \u001b[0mq\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m[\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m:\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m]\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m,\u001b[0m \u001b[0;34m[\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m]\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m)\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0m\u001b[1;32m    111\u001b[0m         \u001b[0mself\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m.\u001b[0m\u001b[0mdefinition\u001b[0m \u001b[0;34m=\u001b[0m \u001b[0mqc\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n",
      "\u001b[0;32m~/Qiskit/qiskit-terra/qiskit/circuit/gate.py\u001b[0m in \u001b[0;36mto_matrix\u001b[0;34m(self)\u001b[0m\n\u001b[1;32m     56\u001b[0m             \u001b[0;31m# pylint: disable=no-member\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0;32m---> 57\u001b[0;31m             \u001b[0;32mreturn\u001b[0m \u001b[0mself\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m.\u001b[0m\u001b[0m__array__\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m(\u001b[0m\u001b[0mdtype\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m=\u001b[0m\u001b[0mcomplex\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m)\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0m\u001b[1;32m     58\u001b[0m         \u001b[0;32mraise\u001b[0m \u001b[0mCircuitError\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m(\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\"to_matrix not defined for this {}\"\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m.\u001b[0m\u001b[0mformat\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m(\u001b[0m\u001b[0mtype\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m(\u001b[0m\u001b[0mself\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m)\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m)\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m)\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n",
      "\u001b[0;32m~/Qiskit/qiskit-terra/qiskit/extensions/hamiltonian_gate.py\u001b[0m in \u001b[0;36m__array__\u001b[0;34m(self, dtype)\u001b[0m\n\u001b[1;32m     87\u001b[0m             raise TypeError(\"Unable to generate Unitary matrix for \"\n\u001b[0;32m---> 88\u001b[0;31m                             \"unbound t parameter {}\".format(self.params[1])) from ex\n\u001b[0m\u001b[1;32m     89\u001b[0m \u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n",
      "\u001b[0;31mTypeError\u001b[0m: Unable to generate Unitary matrix for unbound t parameter 1.0*t",
      "\nThe above exception was the direct cause of the following exception:\n",
      "\u001b[0;31mQiskitError\u001b[0m                               Traceback (most recent call last)",
      "\u001b[0;32m<ipython-input-46-f3ef60f59b7a>\u001b[0m in \u001b[0;36m<module>\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[1;32m      5\u001b[0m \u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[1;32m      6\u001b[0m \u001b[0mevolved_circuit\u001b[0m \u001b[0;34m=\u001b[0m \u001b[0;34m(\u001b[0m\u001b[0mtime\u001b[0m \u001b[0;34m*\u001b[0m \u001b[0mop\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m)\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m.\u001b[0m\u001b[0mexp_i\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m(\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m)\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m.\u001b[0m\u001b[0mprimitive\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0;32m----> 7\u001b[0;31m \u001b[0munrolled\u001b[0m \u001b[0;34m=\u001b[0m \u001b[0mtranspile\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m(\u001b[0m\u001b[0mevolved_circuit\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m,\u001b[0m \u001b[0mbasis_gates\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m=\u001b[0m\u001b[0mbasis_gates\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m,\u001b[0m \u001b[0moptimization_level\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m=\u001b[0m\u001b[0;36m0\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m)\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0m\u001b[1;32m      8\u001b[0m \u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[1;32m      9\u001b[0m \u001b[0mstate\u001b[0m \u001b[0;34m=\u001b[0m \u001b[0mStateFn\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m(\u001b[0m\u001b[0munrolled\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m)\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n",
      "\u001b[0;32m~/Qiskit/qiskit-terra/qiskit/compiler/transpiler.py\u001b[0m in \u001b[0;36mtranspile\u001b[0;34m(circuits, backend, basis_gates, coupling_map, backend_properties, initial_layout, layout_method, routing_method, translation_method, scheduling_method, instruction_durations, dt, seed_transpiler, optimization_level, pass_manager, callback, output_name)\u001b[0m\n\u001b[1;32m    240\u001b[0m \u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[1;32m    241\u001b[0m     \u001b[0;31m# Transpile circuits in parallel\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0;32m--> 242\u001b[0;31m     \u001b[0mcircuits\u001b[0m \u001b[0;34m=\u001b[0m \u001b[0mparallel_map\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m(\u001b[0m\u001b[0m_transpile_circuit\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m,\u001b[0m \u001b[0mlist\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m(\u001b[0m\u001b[0mzip\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m(\u001b[0m\u001b[0mcircuits\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m,\u001b[0m \u001b[0mtranspile_args\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m)\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m)\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m)\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0m\u001b[1;32m    243\u001b[0m \u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[1;32m    244\u001b[0m     \u001b[0mend_time\u001b[0m \u001b[0;34m=\u001b[0m \u001b[0mtime\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m(\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m)\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n",
      "\u001b[0;32m~/Qiskit/qiskit-terra/qiskit/tools/parallel.py\u001b[0m in \u001b[0;36mparallel_map\u001b[0;34m(task, values, task_args, task_kwargs, num_processes)\u001b[0m\n\u001b[1;32m    126\u001b[0m         \u001b[0;32mreturn\u001b[0m \u001b[0;34m[\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m]\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[1;32m    127\u001b[0m     \u001b[0;32mif\u001b[0m \u001b[0mlen\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m(\u001b[0m\u001b[0mvalues\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m)\u001b[0m \u001b[0;34m==\u001b[0m \u001b[0;36m1\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m:\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0;32m--> 128\u001b[0;31m         \u001b[0;32mreturn\u001b[0m \u001b[0;34m[\u001b[0m\u001b[0mtask\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m(\u001b[0m\u001b[0mvalues\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m[\u001b[0m\u001b[0;36m0\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m]\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m,\u001b[0m \u001b[0;34m*\u001b[0m\u001b[0mtask_args\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m,\u001b[0m \u001b[0;34m**\u001b[0m\u001b[0mtask_kwargs\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m)\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m]\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0m\u001b[1;32m    129\u001b[0m \u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[1;32m    130\u001b[0m     \u001b[0mPublisher\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m(\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m)\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m.\u001b[0m\u001b[0mpublish\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m(\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\"terra.parallel.start\"\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m,\u001b[0m \u001b[0mlen\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m(\u001b[0m\u001b[0mvalues\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m)\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m)\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n",
      "\u001b[0;32m~/Qiskit/qiskit-terra/qiskit/compiler/transpiler.py\u001b[0m in \u001b[0;36m_transpile_circuit\u001b[0;34m(circuit_config_tuple)\u001b[0m\n\u001b[1;32m    324\u001b[0m \u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[1;32m    325\u001b[0m     result = pass_manager.run(circuit, callback=transpile_config['callback'],\n\u001b[0;32m--> 326\u001b[0;31m                               output_name=transpile_config['output_name'])\n\u001b[0m\u001b[1;32m    327\u001b[0m \u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[1;32m    328\u001b[0m     \u001b[0;32mif\u001b[0m \u001b[0mtranspile_config\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m[\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m'faulty_qubits_map'\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m]\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m:\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n",
      "\u001b[0;32m~/Qiskit/qiskit-terra/qiskit/transpiler/passmanager.py\u001b[0m in \u001b[0;36mrun\u001b[0;34m(self, circuits, output_name, callback)\u001b[0m\n\u001b[1;32m    214\u001b[0m         \"\"\"\n\u001b[1;32m    215\u001b[0m         \u001b[0;32mif\u001b[0m \u001b[0misinstance\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m(\u001b[0m\u001b[0mcircuits\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m,\u001b[0m \u001b[0mQuantumCircuit\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m)\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m:\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0;32m--> 216\u001b[0;31m             \u001b[0;32mreturn\u001b[0m \u001b[0mself\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m.\u001b[0m\u001b[0m_run_single_circuit\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m(\u001b[0m\u001b[0mcircuits\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m,\u001b[0m \u001b[0moutput_name\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m,\u001b[0m \u001b[0mcallback\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m)\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0m\u001b[1;32m    217\u001b[0m         \u001b[0;32melif\u001b[0m \u001b[0mlen\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m(\u001b[0m\u001b[0mcircuits\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m)\u001b[0m \u001b[0;34m==\u001b[0m \u001b[0;36m1\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m:\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[1;32m    218\u001b[0m             \u001b[0;32mreturn\u001b[0m \u001b[0mself\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m.\u001b[0m\u001b[0m_run_single_circuit\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m(\u001b[0m\u001b[0mcircuits\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m[\u001b[0m\u001b[0;36m0\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m]\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m,\u001b[0m \u001b[0moutput_name\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m,\u001b[0m \u001b[0mcallback\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m)\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n",
      "\u001b[0;32m~/Qiskit/qiskit-terra/qiskit/transpiler/passmanager.py\u001b[0m in \u001b[0;36m_run_single_circuit\u001b[0;34m(self, circuit, output_name, callback)\u001b[0m\n\u001b[1;32m    275\u001b[0m         \"\"\"\n\u001b[1;32m    276\u001b[0m         \u001b[0mrunning_passmanager\u001b[0m \u001b[0;34m=\u001b[0m \u001b[0mself\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m.\u001b[0m\u001b[0m_create_running_passmanager\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m(\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m)\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0;32m--> 277\u001b[0;31m         \u001b[0mresult\u001b[0m \u001b[0;34m=\u001b[0m \u001b[0mrunning_passmanager\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m.\u001b[0m\u001b[0mrun\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m(\u001b[0m\u001b[0mcircuit\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m,\u001b[0m \u001b[0moutput_name\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m=\u001b[0m\u001b[0moutput_name\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m,\u001b[0m \u001b[0mcallback\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m=\u001b[0m\u001b[0mcallback\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m)\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0m\u001b[1;32m    278\u001b[0m         \u001b[0mself\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m.\u001b[0m\u001b[0mproperty_set\u001b[0m \u001b[0;34m=\u001b[0m \u001b[0mrunning_passmanager\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m.\u001b[0m\u001b[0mproperty_set\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[1;32m    279\u001b[0m         \u001b[0;32mreturn\u001b[0m \u001b[0mresult\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n",
      "\u001b[0;32m~/Qiskit/qiskit-terra/qiskit/transpiler/runningpassmanager.py\u001b[0m in \u001b[0;36mrun\u001b[0;34m(***failed resolving arguments***)\u001b[0m\n\u001b[1;32m    120\u001b[0m         \u001b[0;32mfor\u001b[0m \u001b[0mpassset\u001b[0m \u001b[0;32min\u001b[0m \u001b[0mself\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m.\u001b[0m\u001b[0mworking_list\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m:\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[1;32m    121\u001b[0m             \u001b[0;32mfor\u001b[0m \u001b[0mpass_\u001b[0m \u001b[0;32min\u001b[0m \u001b[0mpassset\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m:\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0;32m--> 122\u001b[0;31m                 \u001b[0mdag\u001b[0m \u001b[0;34m=\u001b[0m \u001b[0mself\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m.\u001b[0m\u001b[0m_do_pass\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m(\u001b[0m\u001b[0mpass_\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m,\u001b[0m \u001b[0mdag\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m,\u001b[0m \u001b[0mpassset\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m.\u001b[0m\u001b[0moptions\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m)\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0m\u001b[1;32m    123\u001b[0m \u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[1;32m    124\u001b[0m         \u001b[0mcircuit\u001b[0m \u001b[0;34m=\u001b[0m \u001b[0mdag_to_circuit\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m(\u001b[0m\u001b[0mdag\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m)\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n",
      "\u001b[0;32m~/Qiskit/qiskit-terra/qiskit/transpiler/runningpassmanager.py\u001b[0m in \u001b[0;36m_do_pass\u001b[0;34m(self, pass_, dag, options)\u001b[0m\n\u001b[1;32m    151\u001b[0m         \u001b[0;31m# Run the pass itself, if not already run\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[1;32m    152\u001b[0m         \u001b[0;32mif\u001b[0m \u001b[0mpass_\u001b[0m \u001b[0;32mnot\u001b[0m \u001b[0;32min\u001b[0m \u001b[0mself\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m.\u001b[0m\u001b[0mvalid_passes\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m:\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0;32m--> 153\u001b[0;31m             \u001b[0mdag\u001b[0m \u001b[0;34m=\u001b[0m \u001b[0mself\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m.\u001b[0m\u001b[0m_run_this_pass\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m(\u001b[0m\u001b[0mpass_\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m,\u001b[0m \u001b[0mdag\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m)\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0m\u001b[1;32m    154\u001b[0m \u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[1;32m    155\u001b[0m             \u001b[0;31m# update the valid_passes property\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n",
      "\u001b[0;32m~/Qiskit/qiskit-terra/qiskit/transpiler/runningpassmanager.py\u001b[0m in \u001b[0;36m_run_this_pass\u001b[0;34m(self, pass_, dag)\u001b[0m\n\u001b[1;32m    163\u001b[0m             \u001b[0;31m# Measure time if we have a callback or logging set\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[1;32m    164\u001b[0m             \u001b[0mstart_time\u001b[0m \u001b[0;34m=\u001b[0m \u001b[0mtime\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m(\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m)\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0;32m--> 165\u001b[0;31m             \u001b[0mnew_dag\u001b[0m \u001b[0;34m=\u001b[0m \u001b[0mpass_\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m.\u001b[0m\u001b[0mrun\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m(\u001b[0m\u001b[0mdag\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m)\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0m\u001b[1;32m    166\u001b[0m             \u001b[0mend_time\u001b[0m \u001b[0;34m=\u001b[0m \u001b[0mtime\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m(\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m)\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[1;32m    167\u001b[0m             \u001b[0mrun_time\u001b[0m \u001b[0;34m=\u001b[0m \u001b[0mend_time\u001b[0m \u001b[0;34m-\u001b[0m \u001b[0mstart_time\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n",
      "\u001b[0;32m~/Qiskit/qiskit-terra/qiskit/transpiler/passes/basis/unroll_custom_definitions.py\u001b[0m in \u001b[0;36mrun\u001b[0;34m(self, dag)\u001b[0m\n\u001b[1;32m     73\u001b[0m                 \u001b[0mrule\u001b[0m \u001b[0;34m=\u001b[0m \u001b[0mnode\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m.\u001b[0m\u001b[0mop\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m.\u001b[0m\u001b[0mdefinition\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m.\u001b[0m\u001b[0mdata\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[1;32m     74\u001b[0m             \u001b[0;32mexcept\u001b[0m \u001b[0mTypeError\u001b[0m \u001b[0;32mas\u001b[0m \u001b[0merr\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m:\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0;32m---> 75\u001b[0;31m                 \u001b[0;32mraise\u001b[0m \u001b[0mQiskitError\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m(\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34mf'Error decomposing node {node.name}: {err}'\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m)\u001b[0m \u001b[0;32mfrom\u001b[0m \u001b[0merr\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0m\u001b[1;32m     76\u001b[0m             \u001b[0;32mexcept\u001b[0m \u001b[0mAttributeError\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m:\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[1;32m     77\u001b[0m                 \u001b[0;31m# definition is None\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n",
      "\u001b[0;31mQiskitError\u001b[0m: 'Error decomposing node hamiltonian: Unable to generate Unitary matrix for unbound t parameter 1.0*t'"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "from qiskit.circuit import Parameter\n",
    "from qiskit.opflow import QFI, StateFn\n",
    "\n",
    "time = Parameter('t')\n",
    "\n",
    "evolved_circuit = (time * op).exp_i().primitive\n",
    "unrolled = transpile(evolved_circuit, basis_gates=basis_gates, optimization_level=0)\n",
    "\n",
    "state = StateFn(unrolled)\n",
    "qfi = QFI().convert(state, [time])\n",
    "\n"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 23,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "1.0 * ZI\n",
      "+ 2.0 * IZ\n",
      "<class 'qiskit.opflow.primitive_ops.pauli_sum_op.PauliSumOp'>\n",
      "<class 'qiskit.quantum_info.operators.symplectic.sparse_pauli_op.SparsePauliOp'>\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "from qiskit.opflow import I, Z\n",
    "\n",
    "op = (Z ^ I) + 2 * (I ^ Z) \n",
    "\n",
    "print(op)\n",
    "print(type(op))\n",
    "print(type(op.primitive))"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 25,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "     ┌───────┐\n",
      "q_0: ┤ RZ(4) ├\n",
      "     ├───────┤\n",
      "q_1: ┤ RZ(2) ├\n",
      "     └───────┘\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "from qiskit.opflow import PauliTrotterEvolution\n",
    "\n",
    "trotter = PauliTrotterEvolution()\n",
    "evolved = trotter.convert(op.exp_i()).to_circuit()\n",
    "print(evolved)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## Add parameterized time"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 26,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "from qiskit.circuit import Parameter\n",
    "\n",
    "time = Parameter('t')"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 27,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "1.0*t * (\n",
      "  1.0 * ZI\n",
      "  + 2.0 * IZ\n",
      ")\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "trotter = PauliTrotterEvolution()\n",
    "op = time * op\n",
    "print(op)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 35,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "global phase: 0\n",
      "     ┌───────────┐\n",
      "q_0: ┤ RZ(4.0*t) ├\n",
      "     ├───────────┤\n",
      "q_1: ┤ RZ(2.0*t) ├\n",
      "     └───────────┘\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "evolved_circuit = trotter.convert(op.exp_i()).to_circuit()\n",
    "print(evolved)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 36,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "from qiskit.opflow import QFI, StateFn\n",
    "\n",
    "state = StateFn(evolved_circuit)\n",
    "qfi = QFI().convert(state, [time])"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 38,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "array([[-7.10542736e-15+1.3484e-14j]])"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 38,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "qfi.bind_parameters({time: 1}).eval()"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 55,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "Operator([[1.+0.j, 0.+0.j, 0.+0.j, 0.+0.j],\n",
      "          [0.+0.j, 2.+0.j, 0.+0.j, 0.+0.j],\n",
      "          [0.+0.j, 0.+0.j, 5.+0.j, 0.+0.j],\n",
      "          [0.+0.j, 0.+0.j, 0.+0.j, 0.+0.j]],\n",
      "         input_dims=(2, 2), output_dims=(2, 2))\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "matrix_op = MatrixOp(matrix)\n",
    "print(matrix_op)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 56,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "pauli_op = matrix_op.to_pauli_op()\n",
    "pauli_op *= time"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 58,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "global phase: -2.0*t\n",
      "     ┌───┐┌────────────┐┌───┐┌───────────┐ \n",
      "q_0: ┤ X ├┤ RZ(-3.0*t) ├┤ X ├┤ RZ(2.0*t) ├─\n",
      "     └─┬─┘└────────────┘└─┬─┘├───────────┴┐\n",
      "q_1: ──■──────────────────■──┤ RZ(-1.0*t) ├\n",
      "                             └────────────┘\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "evolved_circuit = trotter.convert(pauli_op.exp_i()).to_circuit()\n",
    "print(evolved_circuit)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 59,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "from qiskit.opflow import QFI, StateFn\n",
    "\n",
    "state = StateFn(evolved_circuit)\n",
    "qfi = QFI().convert(state, [time])"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 60,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "array([[-5.32907052e-15+1.144e-15j]])"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 60,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "qfi.bind_parameters({time: 1}).eval()"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "# Primitive operators"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 72,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "<class 'qiskit.opflow.primitive_ops.circuit_op.CircuitOp'>\n",
      "<class 'qiskit.circuit.quantumcircuit.QuantumCircuit'>\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "from qiskit import QuantumCircuit\n",
    "from qiskit.opflow import PrimitiveOp\n",
    "\n",
    "circuit = QuantumCircuit(1)\n",
    "\n",
    "op = PrimitiveOp(circuit)\n",
    "print(type(op))\n",
    "print(type(op.primitive))"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 70,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "<class 'qiskit.opflow.primitive_ops.matrix_op.MatrixOp'>\n",
      "<class 'qiskit.quantum_info.operators.operator.Operator'>\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "op = PrimitiveOp(matrix)\n",
    "print(type(op))\n",
    "print(type(op.primitive))"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 71,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "<class 'qiskit.opflow.primitive_ops.pauli_op.PauliOp'>\n",
      "<class 'qiskit.quantum_info.operators.symplectic.pauli.Pauli'>\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "op = Z ^ I\n",
    "print(type(op))\n",
    "print(type(op.primitive))"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## List operators"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 73,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "ListOp([\n",
      "  Z,\n",
      "  I,\n",
      "  Z,\n",
      "  X\n",
      "])\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "from qiskit.opflow import ListOp, X\n",
    "\n",
    "op = ListOp([Z, I, Z, X])\n",
    "print(op)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 74,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "[0j, 0j, 0j, (1+0j)]"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 74,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "from qiskit.opflow import One, Zero\n",
    "\n",
    "(One.adjoint().compose(op).compose(Zero)).eval()"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "ComposedOp, TensoredOp, SummedOp"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 75,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "pauli_op = Z ^ I\n",
    "matrix_op = MatrixOp(matrix)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 77,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "SummedOp([PauliOp(Pauli('ZI'), coeff=1.0), MatrixOp(Operator([[1.+0.j, 0.+0.j, 0.+0.j, 0.+0.j],\n",
       "          [0.+0.j, 2.+0.j, 0.+0.j, 0.+0.j],\n",
       "          [0.+0.j, 0.+0.j, 5.+0.j, 0.+0.j],\n",
       "          [0.+0.j, 0.+0.j, 0.+0.j, 0.+0.j]],\n",
       "         input_dims=(2, 2), output_dims=(2, 2)), coeff=1.0)], coeff=1.0, abelian=False)"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 77,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "from qiskit.opflow import SummedOp\n",
    "\n",
    "SummedOp([pauli_op, matrix_op])"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 78,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "SummedOp([PauliOp(Pauli('ZI'), coeff=1.0), MatrixOp(Operator([[1.+0.j, 0.+0.j, 0.+0.j, 0.+0.j],\n",
       "          [0.+0.j, 2.+0.j, 0.+0.j, 0.+0.j],\n",
       "          [0.+0.j, 0.+0.j, 5.+0.j, 0.+0.j],\n",
       "          [0.+0.j, 0.+0.j, 0.+0.j, 0.+0.j]],\n",
       "         input_dims=(2, 2), output_dims=(2, 2)), coeff=1.0)], coeff=1.0, abelian=False)"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 78,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "pauli_op + matrix_op"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 80,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "(2+0j)"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 80,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "state = Zero ^ 2\n",
    "state.adjoint().compose(pauli_op + matrix_op).compose(state).eval()"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 81,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "(2+0j)"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 81,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "(~state @ (pauli_op + matrix_op) @ state).eval()"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "# StateFns"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 82,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "VectorStateFn(Statevector([1.+0.j 0.+0.j 0.+0.j 0.+0.j]))\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "from qiskit.opflow import StateFn, VectorStateFn\n",
    "\n",
    "vector = np.array([1, 0, 0, 0])\n",
    "state = StateFn(vector)\n",
    "print(state)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 83,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "VectorStateFn(Statevector([1.+0.j 0.+0.j 0.+0.j 0.+0.j]))\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "state = VectorStateFn(vector)\n",
    "print(state)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 84,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "VectorStateFn(Statevector([10.+0.j  0.+0.j  0.+0.j  9.+0.j]))\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "vector = np.array([10, 0, 0, 9])\n",
    "state = StateFn(vector)\n",
    "print(state)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 85,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "CircuitStateFn(\n",
      "     ┌───┐     \n",
      "q_0: ┤ H ├──■──\n",
      "     └───┘┌─┴─┐\n",
      "q_1: ─────┤ X ├\n",
      "          └───┘\n",
      ")\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "circuit = QuantumCircuit(2)\n",
    "circuit.h(0)\n",
    "circuit.cx(0, 1)\n",
    "\n",
    "state = StateFn(circuit)\n",
    "print(state)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 86,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "VectorStateFn(Statevector([0.70710678+0.j 0.        +0.j 0.        +0.j 0.70710678+0.j]), coeff=1.0, is_measurement=False)"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 86,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "state.to_matrix_op()"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 87,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "VectorStateFn(Statevector([0.70710678+0.j 0.        +0.j 0.        +0.j 0.70710678+0.j]), coeff=1.0, is_measurement=False)"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 87,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "state.eval()"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 94,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "DictStateFn({'00': 0.7071067811865476, '11': 0.7071067811865476})\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "amplitudes = {'00': np.sqrt(0.5), '11': np.sqrt(0.5)}\n",
    "state = StateFn(amplitudes)\n",
    "\n",
    "print(state)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 95,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "VectorStateFn(Statevector([0.70710678+0.j 0.        +0.j 0.        +0.j 0.70710678+0.j]), coeff=1.0, is_measurement=False)"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 95,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "state.eval()"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 99,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "0j\n",
      "0j\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "print((~StateFn(Z ^ I) @ state).eval())\n",
    "print((~state @ (Z ^ I) @ state).eval())"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 101,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "OperatorMeasurement(ZI)\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "print(~StateFn(Z ^ I))"
   ]
  }
 ],
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