material/febrero-3/estructuras-de-datos.ipynb

{
 "cells": [
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "id": "e363f866-117f-4a83-ba80-5070c7f03607",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "# Listas, tuplas, diccionarios\n",
    "\n",
    "Este notebook sirve de ejercicio para dominar las estructuras de datos de base de python, con miras a su uso con Brightway"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "id": "1b723129-e1eb-4084-b529-e3e1302dfcee",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## Listas\n",
    "[tutorial de real python](https://realpython.com/python-list/)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "id": "446fa3f3-c7a3-4cd9-a141-505446c123d9",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "Se pueden definir con los corchetes (paréntesis cuadrados)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 1,
   "id": "6e4d0580-c84c-4b72-9a30-dc7ea00dfef2",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "mi_lista = [\"Lima\", \"Cusco\", \"Ayacucho\"]"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 2,
   "id": "9ec9ceec-d13a-4fd8-91da-dcd049ce2082",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "['Ayacucho', 'Cusco', 'Lima']"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 2,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "sorted(mi_lista)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 3,
   "id": "d1f265da-e978-4e6e-896a-80eca23c9617",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "['Lima', 'Cusco', 'Ayacucho']"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 3,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "mi_lista"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 4,
   "id": "95a23b42-65ee-4281-b750-213e2f2d5ad7",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "mi_lista = sorted(mi_lista)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "id": "ddf692c4-4bd5-4026-bd7c-4332316d0704",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## Tuplas"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "id": "90fc1826-a3f9-419f-841b-99706785179c",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "Asociación de elementos heterogéneos"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 5,
   "id": "7dd31756-33cd-4b19-9b6e-edbd5aa82305",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "t1 = (\"Alice\", 33)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 6,
   "id": "2d0ca883-8014-48dd-9ba7-273f465a0bef",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "t2 = (\"Bob\", 44)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 7,
   "id": "8d5833d2-1ac3-4748-a17c-742948451e70",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "('Alice', 33)"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 7,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "t1"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "id": "11f920ce-5eca-4ef7-918e-c11f59d33e5b",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "Una lista de tuplas"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 8,
   "id": "f4c2558a-77c1-4296-816e-49053c0bc847",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "visitantes = [t1, t2]"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 9,
   "id": "b53a21f6-f73d-422d-bfd1-ea80361fd976",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "[('Alice', 33), ('Bob', 44)]"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 9,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "visitantes"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 10,
   "id": "d1e5ae3e-d3df-47d7-af3a-369f5944233f",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "[('Alice', 33), ('Bob', 44)]"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 10,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "# Ordenar pour algún valor de la tupla.\n",
    "sorted(visitantes, key=lambda x: x[1])"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "id": "eae1aaef-fe1c-4fac-b43b-d4c65183a4ad",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## Diccionarios"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "id": "cca6121e-6719-462e-b3f9-1fcc7aa92ce2",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "Asociación de elementos a través de \"entradas\":\n",
    "+ una clave\n",
    "+ asociada a un valor"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 11,
   "id": "93c6487d-bf81-4e16-95ea-75d8ab513c06",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "visits = {\"Alice\": 80, \"Bob\": 93}"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 12,
   "id": "215c6eb7-37da-410f-915c-95f11070e8c1",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "{'Alice': 80, 'Bob': 93}"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 12,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "visits"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "id": "c5c6144d-33dc-479c-90be-3ef2cf87478a",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "# Iterar\n",
    "Recorrer una estructura de datos para hacer algo con ellos"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 13,
   "id": "bedf4c4a-709e-470f-b4e3-407d3949eeaa",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "Ayacucho\n",
      "Cusco\n",
      "Lima\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "for c in mi_lista:\n",
    "    print(c)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 14,
   "id": "51107ccc-88a4-44bb-a716-aacc101375ee",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "('Alice', 33)\n",
      "('Bob', 44)\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "for visitante in visitantes:\n",
    "    print(visitante)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 15,
   "id": "1d7746d7-4239-4771-9a90-bbd27fd1fee0",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "Visitante Alice\n",
      "Visitante Bob\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "for clave, valor in visits.items():\n",
    "    print(f\"Visitante {clave}\")"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 16,
   "id": "a5deb2ea-9d0f-49be-9dd2-669d2a74efc8",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "Visitante Alice - visitas 80\n",
      "Visitante Bob - visitas 93\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "for clave, valor in visits.items():\n",
    "    print(f\"Visitante {clave} - visitas {valor}\")"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 17,
   "id": "6dcd0350-6987-48ef-9a0d-2d204935b39f",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "Ayacucho\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "# Imprimir las ciudades que contengan la letra \"y\"\n",
    "for ciudad in mi_lista:\n",
    "    if \"y\" in ciudad:\n",
    "        print(ciudad)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 18,
   "id": "3ba15ad4-1496-4cbf-8a88-f6e4ef3402c4",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "['Ayacucho']"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 18,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "# con una \"list comprehension\"\n",
    "[ciudad for ciudad in mi_lista if \"y\" in ciudad]"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "id": "321e79d0-596d-4c66-a51b-62346d5bc44d",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "# Ejercicios"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "id": "53cac71a-ffb4-455d-bc85-b66d492bb1e5",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## Crear una lista de tuplas con la población de las 10 ciudades más importantes de Perú\n",
    "\n",
    "o de las ciudades listadas en [wikipedia](https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ciudades_del_Per%C3%BA)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 19,
   "id": "8ba47890-8c1e-4ba5-a386-1a9c87006602",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "ciudades = [(\"Cusco\", 500000), (\"Lima\", 11e06)]"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 20,
   "id": "63bc3884-69ee-4a85-88ed-728a6bdfdc5d",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "('Cusco', 500000)\n",
      "('Lima', 11000000.0)\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "for c in ciudades:\n",
    "    print(c)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "id": "375519bb-a314-4e9e-aa34-cad25cb55c1b",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "# Crear un diccionario cuyas \"llaves\" o `keys` sean las ciudades y los valores sean el numero de habitantes de cada ciudad"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 22,
   "id": "0d514534-8976-4ba4-957f-6fd963296618",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "{'Cusco': 500000, 'Lima': 11000000.0}\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "ciudades_d = dict(ciudades)\n",
    "print(ciudades_d)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "id": "49f1cfc7-93b1-4037-9cd7-73ce1e2504ca",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## Crear una lista de tuplas, con la población de las 10 ciudades más importantes de Perú, ordenadas por el número de habitantes, en sentido ascendente"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 23,
   "id": "1167d1f8-91b9-462e-b2bf-8fea1d4e7cc8",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "# Thanks chatgpt ;)\n",
    "ciudades = [\n",
    "    (\"Lima\", 11000000),\n",
    "    (\"Arequipa\", 1000000),\n",
    "    (\"Trujillo\", 970000),\n",
    "    (\"Chiclayo\", 800000),\n",
    "    (\"Piura\", 650000),\n",
    "    (\"Iquitos\", 470000),\n",
    "    (\"Cusco\", 430000),\n",
    "    (\"Chimbote\", 400000),\n",
    "    (\"Huancayo\", 380000),\n",
    "    (\"Tacna\", 300000),\n",
    "]"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 33,
   "id": "33359e53-cc85-46bf-852e-19ec25c025ca",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "[('Tacna', 300000),\n",
       " ('Huancayo', 380000),\n",
       " ('Chimbote', 400000),\n",
       " ('Cusco', 430000),\n",
       " ('Iquitos', 470000),\n",
       " ('Piura', 650000),\n",
       " ('Chiclayo', 800000),\n",
       " ('Trujillo', 970000),\n",
       " ('Arequipa', 1000000),\n",
       " ('Lima', 11000000)]"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 33,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "sorted(ciudades, key=lambda tupla_ciudad: tupla_ciudad[1], reverse=False)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 34,
   "id": "016a8708-9efd-40f9-8b51-8e455b4c574a",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "[('Trujillo', 970000),\n",
       " ('Tacna', 300000),\n",
       " ('Piura', 650000),\n",
       " ('Lima', 11000000),\n",
       " ('Iquitos', 470000),\n",
       " ('Huancayo', 380000),\n",
       " ('Cusco', 430000),\n",
       " ('Chimbote', 400000),\n",
       " ('Chiclayo', 800000),\n",
       " ('Arequipa', 1000000)]"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 34,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "# En orden descendente por ciudad\n",
    "sorted(ciudades, key=lambda tupla_ciudad: tupla_ciudad[0], reverse=True)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "id": "ec748e8c-36ef-41e7-9440-e9fadf7f9c8b",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## Crear un diccionario donde las llaves sean \"Alice\" y \"Bob\" y los valores sean las ciudades que cada uno quiere visitar.\n",
    "Alice quiere visitar las ciudades que contengan la letra \"t\" y Bob quiere visitar las ciudades que contengan la letra \"h\""
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 36,
   "id": "d50e1198-b865-416c-a699-66d2f5c5c891",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "['Lima', 'Arequipa', 'Trujillo', 'Chiclayo', 'Piura', 'Iquitos', 'Cusco', 'Chimbote', 'Huancayo', 'Tacna']\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "nombres_de_ciudades = [c[0] for c in ciudades]\n",
    "print(nombres_de_ciudades)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 39,
   "id": "59df6161-a90d-4148-b0cb-4af8fe377abe",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "{'Alice': ['Trujillo', 'Iquitos', 'Chimbote', 'Tacna'],\n",
       " 'Bob': ['Chiclayo', 'Chimbote', 'Huancayo']}"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 39,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "{\n",
    "    \"Alice\": [c for c in nombres_de_ciudades if \"t\" in c.casefold()],\n",
    "    \"Bob\": [c for c in nombres_de_ciudades if \"h\" in c.casefold()],\n",
    "}"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "id": "0f7d0201-6ea9-46cf-b4c7-1b75898b653b",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## Crear un diccionario donde las llaves sean: \"Un país\", \"Una ciudad\", y los valores sean cuantas veces Alice ha visitado dicha ciudad, y cuantas veces Bob ha visitado dicha ciudad"
   ]
  }
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