diff --git a/.github/dependabot.yml b/.github/dependabot.yml new file mode 100644 index 0000000..c356127 --- /dev/null +++ b/.github/dependabot.yml @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ +# To get started with Dependabot version updates, you'll need to specify which +# package ecosystems to update and where the package manifests are located. +# Please see the documentation for all configuration options: +# https://docs.github.com/github/administering-a-repository/configuration-options-for-dependency-updates + +version: 2 +updates: + - package-ecosystem: "gitsubmodule" # See documentation for possible values + directory: "/" # Location of package manifests + schedule: + interval: "weekly" + + + - package-ecosystem: "github-actions" # See documentation for possible values + directory: "/" # Location of package manifests + schedule: + interval: "weekly" diff --git a/.github/workflows/gh-pages.yml b/.github/workflows/gh-pages.yml new file mode 100644 index 0000000..939a4e5 --- /dev/null +++ b/.github/workflows/gh-pages.yml @@ -0,0 +1,52 @@ +name: GitHub Pages + +on: + push: + branches: + - main # Set a branch to deploy + pull_request: + +jobs: + deploy: + runs-on: ubuntu-latest + concurrency: + group: ${{ github.workflow }}-${{ github.ref }} + steps: + - uses: actions/checkout@v4 + with: + submodules: true # Fetch Hugo themes (true OR recursive) + fetch-depth: 0 # Fetch all history for .GitInfo and .Lastmod + + - name: Setup Hugo + uses: peaceiris/actions-hugo@v2 + with: + hugo-version: 'latest' + extended: true + + - name: Set up Node + uses: actions/setup-node@v4 + with: + node-version: 18 + + - name: Install tools + run: | + sudo apt install curl jq + npm i -g postcss postcss-cli autoprefixer + + - uses: actions/cache@v4 + with: + path: /tmp/hugo_cache + key: ${{ runner.os }}-hugomod-${{ hashFiles('**/go.sum') }} + restore-keys: | + ${{ runner.os }}-hugomod- + + - name: Build + run: hugo --minify + + - name: Deploy + uses: peaceiris/actions-gh-pages@v3 + if: ${{ github.ref == 'refs/heads/main' }} + with: + github_token: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }} + publish_dir: ./public + allow_empty_commit: true \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/.gitmodules b/.gitmodules new file mode 100644 index 0000000..e51a23f --- /dev/null +++ b/.gitmodules @@ -0,0 +1,4 @@ +[submodule "themes/hugo-book"] + path = themes/hugo-book + url = https://github.com/alex-shpak/hugo-book + branch = feature/prev-next diff --git a/.hugo_build.lock b/.hugo_build.lock new file mode 100644 index 0000000..e69de29 diff --git a/README.md b/README.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..fbaf6b6 --- /dev/null +++ b/README.md @@ -0,0 +1,157 @@ +# Comics + +This repo contains the webpage for translation and source images of the lianhuanhua comics. + +## Requirements + +- [Hugo (extended)](https://gohugo.io) +- [pandoc](https://pandoc.org) + +## Installation + +These steps are only required once, to install the requirements on your local machine: + +```bash +brew install pandoc hugo +``` + +## Getting the Sources + +Before you can get local copy of the webpage up and running on your machine you need to clone this repo. The [hugo-book theme](https://github.com/alex-shpak/hugo-book) is installed as a submodule. + +```bash +git clone --recurse-submodules --remote-submodules https://github.com/readchina/comics.git +``` + +If you forgot to include the submodule flags when cloning the repo run the following: + +``` +git submodule update --init +``` + +within the submodule we are on the `feature/prev-next` branch + +## Building + +To Build a local dev version run: + +```bash +hugo server -D +``` + +(`-D` will also build drafts) + +You should see something like this: + +```bash + + | EN +-------------------+------ + Pages | 57 + Paginator pages | 0 + Non-page files | 0 + Static files | 218 + Processed images | 0 + Aliases | 11 + Sitemaps | 1 + Cleaned | 0 + +Built in 150 ms +Watching for changes in /Users/hal1000/Documents/GitHub/comics/{archetypes,content,static,themes} +Watching for config changes in /Users/hal1000/Documents/GitHub/comics/config.toml +Environment: "development" +Serving pages from memory +Running in Fast Render Mode. For full rebuilds on change: hugo server --disableFastRender +Web Server is available at http://localhost:1313/ (bind address 127.0.0.1) +Press Ctrl+C to stop +``` + +The page is visible in your browser at [http://localhost:1313/](http://localhost:1313/) + +## Contents + +As always avoid spaces in file or folder names: ~~`zhu fu/zhu fu Version 2022.md`~~ -> `zhufu/zhufu.md`. You must stick with the project layout of this repo. Contents go into `content/docs/` folder. Create a new folder when adding a comic. + +```bash +mkdir content/docs/new-comic +``` + +### Text + +Start by saving the word file in the folder you just created. Then use pandoc to convert the original document into markdown. + +```bash +pandoc -s content/docs/new-comic/*.docx --wrap=none -t markdown -o new-comic/new-comic.md +``` + +Each comic needs to be inside a top level folder using the translated title for the comic (no spaces), e.g. `the-watch/_index.md`. +Each file is then split into: +- `_index.md` (contains the introduction and references) +- `A-translation-notes.md` + - `B-front-and-back-cover.md` + - `B-frontmatter.md` + - `B-page-XX.md` + +The basic template for a translation page is + +```md +--- +title: Page XX +--- + +![biao front](./../../images/biao/seifert0726_biao_00ZZ_0XX.jpg) + +{{< columns >}} + + + +<---> + + + +{{< /columns >}} +``` + +Use regex to create the proper markup inside the full `newcomic.md` file. + +To create empty template files: + +```bash +touch B-page-{01..78}.md +``` + +Then copy each page/panel into the new file. + + +### Images + +Images go inside a folder with the comic name inside `static/images`: + +```bash +static +└── images + ├── biao + │ ├── seifert0726_biao_0001_0.jpg + │ ├── seifert0726_biao_0003_0.jpg + │ ├── … + └── niqiu + ├── seifert0397_nqkg_0001_0.jpg + ├── seifert0397_nqkg_0003_0.jpg + ├── … +``` + +To include images in your markdown use: + +```md + ![biao cover](./../../../images/biao/seifert0726_biao_0001_0.jpg) +``` + +## Deployment + +Deployments is fully automated on GitHub Actions. In cases where you need to debug the build, run: + +```bash +hugo +``` + +This will create a `public/` folder containing the compiled webpage. You should delete this folder after debugging as Hugo will not remove its contents before subsequent builds. diff --git a/archetypes/default.md b/archetypes/default.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..c6f3fce --- /dev/null +++ b/archetypes/default.md @@ -0,0 +1,5 @@ ++++ +title = '{{ replace .File.ContentBaseName "-" " " | title }}' +date = {{ .Date }} +draft = true ++++ diff --git a/assets/_custom.scss b/assets/_custom.scss new file mode 100644 index 0000000..bb29198 --- /dev/null +++ b/assets/_custom.scss @@ -0,0 +1,5 @@ +/* You can add custom styles here. */ + +.invert { + filter: invert(100%); +} diff --git a/content/_index.md b/content/_index.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..3f05d6f --- /dev/null +++ b/content/_index.md @@ -0,0 +1,94 @@ +--- +title: "READCHINA: lianhuanhua" +type: docs +--- + +# READCHINA: lianhuanhua + +## Chinese Comics in Translation + +TEST-LINE-TO-BE-DELETED +TEST-LINE-TO-BE-DELETED +TEST-LINE-TO-BE-DELETED + +For most of the 20th century, pocket size comic books (*lianhuanhua* 连环画, often literally translated as "linked images") were an integral part of Chinese everyday reading culture, providing readers with entertainment, information and/or political instruction. Established as such throughout the 1920s and 1930s, after 1949 these comic books continued to range from adaptations of literary texts or films to hagiographies of socialist heroes like Lei Feng to stories propagating the usefulness of using fertilizer in agricultural production. Published as handy pocket-sized booklets, they were shared among children and adult readers alike to be read at street stall libraries or at work units after hours. *Lianhuanhua* production was massive, with an estimated 50.000 titles published since the founding of the PRC. Moreover, one in three books published in 1986 was a comic! + +*Lianhuanhua* were indeed quite popular reading material. To provide contemporary readers and researchers with a glimpse into the vast Chinese comic culture, the READCHINA project publishes a number of exemplary comics from the Mao and early post-Mao years with English translations on this webpage. We hope that these translations will spur further interest and research into this diverse, relevant and, very often, entertaining medium. + +During the Mao years, Beijing Foreign Languages Publishing House published translations of comics into various foreign languages. In addition, the 1970s saw a few translations published outside China (most notably a translation into Italian published by Gino Nebiolo et al and retranslated into English and German; and a translation of excerpts of *lianhuanhua* into German prepared by Wolfgang Bauer). Today, more *lianhuanhua* in translation can be found online, such as: + +- *Into the Tiger’s Den* 深入虎穴, adapted from the novel by Qu Bo 曲波 *Tracks in the Snowy Forest* 林海雪原: [https://u.osu.edu/mclc/online-series/into-the-tigers-den/](https://u.osu.edu/mclc/online-series/into-the-tigers-den/) + +- Zhuang Guanyu's *Manhua Journey to the West*: [https://www.nickstember.com/manhua-journey-west-part-1-6/](https://www.nickstember.com/manhua-journey-west-part-1-6/) + +- Chinese *lianhuanhua* adaptation of *Star Wars*: [https://www.nickstember.com/chinese-star-wars-comic-part-1-6](https://www.nickstember.com/chinese-star-wars-comic-part-1-6) + +- A *lianhuanhua* adaptation of the science fiction story *Little Smarty Travels to the Future* by Ye Yonglie: [https://u.osu.edu/mclc/online-series/little-smarty-travels-to-the-future](https://u.osu.edu/mclc/online-series/little-smarty-travels-to-the-future) + +- A *lianhuanhua* adaptation of the scar literature short story *Maple* by Zheng Yi: [https://u.osu.edu/mclc/online-series/maple](https://u.osu.edu/mclc/online-series/maple) + +## Further Reading + +For further reading on Chinese graphic narratives, including *lianhuanhua* but also the cartoon-like genre of *manhua* 漫画 and others, see for example: + +Altehenger, Jennifer 2012: "Kopieren für die Revolution: Die Cartoonreproduktionskampagne in der Volksrepublik China 1950-52", in: Henningsen, Lena, Martin Hofmann \[ed.\]: *Tradition? Variation? Plagiat? Motive und ihre Adaption in China,* (Jahrbuch der Deutschen Vereinigung für Chinastudien 6), Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz, 2012, 295-307. + +Altehenger, Jennifer 2013: "A Socialist Satire: Manhua Magazine and Political Cartoon Production in the PRC, 1950--1960", in: *Frontiers of History in China*, Vol.8, no.1, 77-102. + +Bauer, Wolfgang \[ed.\] 1976: *Chinesische Comics: Gespenster, Mörder, Klassenfeinde* (translated by Wolfgang Bauer), Düsseldorf: Eugen Diederichs Verlag. + +Bi, Keguan 毕克官 1982: *History of Chinese Comics* 中国漫画史话, Jinan: Shandong renmin chubanshe. + +Chen, Minjie 2012: "Chinese *Lian Huan Hua* and Literacy: Popular Culture Meets Youth Literature" in: Cynthia B. Leung, Jiening Ruan \[eds.\]: *Perspectices on Teaching and Learning Chinese Literacy in China*, New York: Springer, 157-181. + +Chen, Minjie 2015: "Linked Pictures: A Genre of Chinese Illustrated Books", in: Cotsen Children's Library, Princeton University, [https://blogs.princeton.edu/cotsen/2015/06/chinese-illustrated-books/](https://blogs.princeton.edu/cotsen/2015/06/chinese-illustrated-books/), June 19, 2015, last access 2021-02-10. + +Crespi, John A. 2020: *Manhua Modernity: Chinese Culture and the Pictorial Turn*, Oakland: University of California Press. + +Farquhar, Mary Ann 1999: *Children's Literature in China: From Lu Xun to Mao Zedong*, Armonk: Routledge. + +Guleva, Mariia 2021: "How to Deal with a Good Child? Prescribed Normality in Images of Children and Child-Adult Relations in Manhua Magazine, 1950-1960,"in: *The Journal of the European Association for Chinese Studies*, no. 30, 37-82. + +Harder, Hans, Barbara Mittler \[eds.\] 2013: Asian Punches: A Transcultural Affair, Berlin: Springer. + +Lent, John A. 1994: "Comic Art", in: Dingbo Wu, Patrick D. Murphy \[eds.\]: Handbook of Chinese Popular Culture, Westport: Greenwood Press, 279-306. + +Lent, John A. 2010: "Manga in East Asia", in Toni Johnson-Woods \[ed.\]: Manga: An Anthology of Global and Cultural Perspectives, New York, Continuum 297-314. + +Lent, John A. 2021: "Women and Asian Comic Art: Gendered Genres, Female Portrayals, and the Creative Industries", in: Benjamin Woo, Jeremy Stoll \[eds.\]: *The Comics World: Comic Books, Graphic Novels, and Their Publics*, Jackson: University Press of Mississippi, 32-50. + +Lent, John A., Xu Ying 2017: *Comics Art in China*, Jackson: University Press of Mississippi. + +Mandzunowski, Damian 2019: "Caricatures Criticizing the Gang of Four: Contributors and Publications", in: *The Maoist Legacy*, [https://maoistlegacy.de/db/caricatures-criticizing-the-gang-of-four](https://maoistlegacy.de/db/caricatures-criticizing-the-gang-of-four), 1 February 2019, last access February 4, 2022. + +Mandzunowski, Damian 2018: "Wang, Zhang, Jiang, and Yao in Caricatures: A Close-Up View", in: *The Maoist Legacy*, 1 November 2018, [https://maoistlegacy.de/db/exhibits/show/manhua-closeup](https://maoistlegacy.de/db/exhibits/show/manhua-closeup), last access February 4, 2022. + +Mandzunowski, Damian 2018: "The Visual Language of the Caricatures Criticizing the Gang of Four", in: *The Maoist Legacy*, 1 September 2018, [https://maoistlegacy.de/db/exhibits/show/manhua-visuallanguage](https://maoistlegacy.de/db/exhibits/show/manhua-visuallanguage), last access February 4, 2022. + +Mandzunowski, Damian 2018: "Caricatures Criticizing the Gang of Four," in: *The Maoist Legacy*, 1 June 2018, [https://www.maoistlegacy.de/db/caricatures-criticizing-the-gang-of-four](https://www.maoistlegacy.de/db/caricatures-criticizing-the-gang-of-four), last access February 4, 2022. + +Nebiolo, Gino, Jean Chesneaux, Umberto Eco \[eds.\] 1971: *I Fumetti di Mao*, Bari: Laterza & Figli. + +Nebiolo, Gino 1972: *Das Mädchen aus der Volkskommune* (translated from Italian by Arno Widman, with an introduction by Gino Nebiolo and commentaries by Jean. Chesneaux and Umberto Eco): Reinbek: Rowohlt. + +Nebiolo, Gino, Jean Chesneaux, Umberto Eco \[eds.\] 1972: *The People\'s Comic Book: Red Women\'s Detachment, Hot on the Trail and Other Chinese Comics* (translated from Italian by Endymion Wilkinson and Frances Frenaye, with an introduction by Gino Nebiolo), New York: Anchor Press. + +Rea, Christopher G. 2013: "'He'll Roast All Subjects that may need the Roasting': Puck and Mr. Punch in Nineteenth-Century China", in: Hans Harder, Barbara Mittler \[eds.\]: Asian Punches: A Transcultural Affair, Berlin: Springer, 389-422. + +Seifert, Andreas 2008: *Bildergeschichten für Chinas Massen: Comic und Comicproduktion im 20. Jahrhundert*, Köln: Böhlau Verlag. + +Seifert, Andreas 2015: "Aufstieg und Fall der Lianhuanhua", in: Reddition: Zeitschrift für Graphische Literatur, Vol.32, no.63, 4-29. + +Stember, Nick 2014: "Don't Call it 'Manga': A Short Intro to Chinese Comics and Manga", in: *Nick Stember*, March 19, 2014, [https://www.nickstember.com/dont-call-manga-short-introduction-chinese-comics-manhua/](https://www.nickstember.com/dont-call-manga-short-introduction-chinese-comics-manhua/), last access February 22, 2022. + +Tan, Xiyuan, 2019: "*Guoxue* Comics: Visualising Philosophical Concepts and Cultural Values through Sequential Narratives", in: *The Comics Grid: Journal of Comics Scholarship* 9:1, 11. doi: [10.16995/cg.149](https://doi.org/10.16995/cg.149). + +Wu, I-Wei 2013: "Participating in Global Affairs: The Chinese Cartoon Monthly *Shanghai Puck*", in: Hans Harder, Barbara Mittler \[eds.\]: Asian Punches: A Transcultural Affair, Berlin: Springer, 365-388. + +## Acknowledgements + +The translations published here were produced in joint translation projects by students at the Institute of Chinese Studies, University of Freiburg, supervised by Lena Henningsen. The webpage was set up by Duncan Paterson. We acknowledge the support of the ERC-funded project "The Politics of Reading in the People's Republic of China" (READCHINA, Grant agreement No. 757365/SH5: 2018-2023). + +Special thanks go to our colleagues Matthias Arnold and Hanno Lecher from the Centre for Asian and Transcultural Studies (CATS), Heidelberg University, for providing us with high resolution scans of the comics which are part of the [Seifert collection](https://www.asia-europe.uni-heidelberg.de/en/research/heidelberg-research-architecture/projects/hra14-chinese-comics/the-seifert-collection.html). + +We have taken much effort to contact the publishers of the respective comics in order to acquire permission by the copyright holder to publish the pages online. We regret that we have not received responses to our inquiries. If you believe that copyrights are not being respected, please send an email message to: [readchina"at"mail.sinologie.uni-freiburg.de](mailto:readchina@mail.sinologie.uni-freiburg.de). We will respond as soon as possible and will work with you to either accredit the material correctly or remove it entirely. diff --git a/content/biao/A-translation-notes.md b/content/biao/A-translation-notes.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..72106bf --- /dev/null +++ b/content/biao/A-translation-notes.md @@ -0,0 +1,9 @@ +--- +title: About the translation +--- + +This translation is the outcome of a joint translation project taught in the winter of 2020/2021 at the University of Freiburg. Our aim in this translation was to remain as faithful as possible to the Chinese original while at the same time conveying a tone of narration in line with a comic book addressed to young readers based on a "classical" piece of children's literature. As the story takes place in early 20th century Russia, the given names of the characters are given in Russian. To allow for an undisturbed reading experience, we decided against the use of footnotes, though two items may call for explanation: + +Page [63](https://readchina.github.io/comics/biao/b-page-63/) refers to the Paris Commune Memorial Day. The Paris Commune was an attempt of establishing a revolutionary government in Paris after the Franco-Prussian War in 1871. It ended 72 days after its establishment in bloodshed carried out by the troops of the Third French Republic. Throughout the 20th century, it has been glorified as a model for socialist revolutions. + +As is common in Chinese literary practice, page [12](https://readchina.github.io/comics/biao/b-page-12/) contains a Chinese idiom that refers to the premodern Chinese literary tradition: "The wise man was right about gaining profit by misfortune" (聪明人说得对,因祸得福。) This idiom (which is not present in Lu Xun's translation of the story) expresses how bad luck eventually turns into something fortunate. Alternatively, the idiom is often translated as "a fault on the right side" or "a blessing in disguise". It can be traced back to a passage in the "Guan Yan biographies" (Guan yan liezhuan, 管晏列传) in the *Records of the Grand Historian* (*Shiji* 史记), written by the historian Sima Qian (司马迁, c. 145 -- c. 86 BC). diff --git a/content/biao/B-cover.md b/content/biao/B-cover.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..93061ea --- /dev/null +++ b/content/biao/B-cover.md @@ -0,0 +1,7 @@ +--- +title: Front and back cover +--- + +![biao cover](./../../images/biao/seifert0726_biao_0001_0.jpg) + +![biao cover](./../../images/biao/seifert0726_biao_0084_0.jpg) diff --git a/content/biao/B-front.md b/content/biao/B-front.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..0a4868d --- /dev/null +++ b/content/biao/B-front.md @@ -0,0 +1,7 @@ +--- +title: Frontmatter +--- + +![biao front](./../../images/biao/seifert0726_biao_0003_0.jpg) + +![biao front](./../../images/biao/seifert0726_biao_0004_0.jpg) diff --git a/content/biao/B-page-01.md b/content/biao/B-page-01.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..6a50be5 --- /dev/null +++ b/content/biao/B-page-01.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +--- +title: Page 01 +--- + +![biao front](./../../images/biao/seifert0726_biao_0005_001.jpg) + +{{< columns >}} + +彼蒂加对做过的事情都糊涂得很。他在市场里到处走,什么都想过了。他又懊恼、又伤心。他饿得很,想买点儿吃的,可是口袋里一分钱也没有。 + +<---> + +Petka was confused about the things he had done. He walked around the marketplace thinking about all sorts of things. He was frustrated and sad. He was terribly hungry and wanted to buy something to eat, but he did not have any money in his pocket. + +{{< /columns >}} diff --git a/content/biao/B-page-02.md b/content/biao/B-page-02.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..c31053f --- /dev/null +++ b/content/biao/B-page-02.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +--- +title: Page 02 +--- + +![biao front](./../../images/biao/seifert0726_biao_0006_002.jpg) + +{{< columns >}} + +忽然,他看见一个女人在卖蛋饼,那蛋饼焦黄、松脆,还冒着热气。他馋得直流 口涎,于是走过去,拿起一个蛋饼,嗅了一嗅,塞在袋子里,转身走开了。 + +<---> + +All of a sudden, he saw a woman selling pancakes which were brown, crisp and gave off hot steam. His mouth was watering, so he went and took one of the pancakes, smelled it, stuffed it in his pocket, turned around and walked away. + +{{< /columns >}} diff --git a/content/biao/B-page-03.md b/content/biao/B-page-03.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..5e72a24 --- /dev/null +++ b/content/biao/B-page-03.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +--- +title: Page 03 +--- + +![biao front](./../../images/biao/seifert0726_biao_0007_003.jpg) + +{{< columns >}} + +那女人追了过来,一把抓住他的肩膀,嚷道:“你偷东西!还我蛋饼!” + +<---> + +The woman chased after him, grabbed his shoulder and shouted: "You thief! Give back my pancake!" + +{{< /columns >}} diff --git a/content/biao/B-page-04.md b/content/biao/B-page-04.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..2f3d5bd --- /dev/null +++ b/content/biao/B-page-04.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +--- +title: Page 04 +--- + +![biao front](./../../images/biao/seifert0726_biao_0008_004.jpg) + +{{< columns >}} + +随着那女人的叫嚷声,一下子围上一大群人。人们把他拖在地上,毒打了一顿,接着又把他拉到警察局去。 + +<---> + +Following the woman's shouting, a group of people immediately gathered around them. They dragged him to the floor, beat him relentlessly and took him to the police station. + +{{< /columns >}} diff --git a/content/biao/B-page-05.md b/content/biao/B-page-05.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..220d604 --- /dev/null +++ b/content/biao/B-page-05.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +--- +title: Page 05 +--- + +![biao front](./../../images/biao/seifert0726_biao_0009_005.jpg) + +{{< columns >}} + +他被拘留了。他仰望窗外清朗、明净和蓝的发亮的天空,苦恼在脑子里打转:人生是多么糟糕!只为了一个蛋饼……他只等待着临头的命运。 + +<---> + +He was held in custody and looked outside the window at the bright, clear and shining sky as his sorrows were whirling around his head: "Life is so terrible! Only for a pancake…" He was just waiting for his impending fate. + +{{< /columns >}} diff --git a/content/biao/B-page-06.md b/content/biao/B-page-06.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..0a6eb2a --- /dev/null +++ b/content/biao/B-page-06.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +--- +title: Page 06 +--- + +![biao page](./../../images/biao/seifert0726_biao_0010_006.jpg) + +{{< columns >}} + +忽然,传来一阵敲击木头隔板的声音:“老爷!同志!放我出去吧!看在老天爷面上!我的孩子们在等我呢!”一股浓烈的酒气涌了过来。原来那是个醉汉。 + +<---> + +Suddenly, he noticed a tapping sound on the wooden wall: "Masters! Comrades! Let me out! In the name of God! My children are waiting for me!" A wave of boozy breath came over. It turned out to be a drunkard. + +{{< /columns >}} diff --git a/content/biao/B-page-07.md b/content/biao/B-page-07.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..b945291 --- /dev/null +++ b/content/biao/B-page-07.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +--- +title: Page 07 +--- + +![biao page](./../../images/biao/seifert0726_biao_0011_007.jpg) + +{{< columns >}} + +真是可笑极了。“傻瓜,”彼蒂加说,“我怎么能放你出去呢?我也是像你一样,关在这里的呀!” + +<---> + +This was ridiculous! "You fool", Petka said, "how can I let you out? I am locked up in here just like you!" + +{{< /columns >}} diff --git a/content/biao/B-page-08.md b/content/biao/B-page-08.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..2106832 --- /dev/null +++ b/content/biao/B-page-08.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +--- +title: Page 08 +--- + +![biao page](./../../images/biao/seifert0726_biao_0012_008.jpg) + +{{< columns >}} + +“局长同志,请您放我出去吧!你瞧,这是多好的一块金表呀!”果然,从板缝里伸过一只手,手掌里托着一块闪闪发光的金表。表链上还挂着各式各样的小玩艺。 + +<---> + +"Comrade director, please let me free! Look at this wonderful golden watch!" Sure enough, there was a hand reaching through the gap in the wall. There was a twisting sparkling golden watch in its palm. All sorts of little charms were hanging on the watch chain. + +{{< /columns >}} diff --git a/content/biao/B-page-09.md b/content/biao/B-page-09.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..b358948 --- /dev/null +++ b/content/biao/B-page-09.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +--- +title: Page 09 +--- + + ![biao page](./../../images/biao/seifert0726_biao_0013_009.jpg) + +{{< columns >}} + +彼蒂加清晰地听到那表滴答地响,他的心也跟着猛跳起来。“嘿,真走运!”他抓过表,快活得喘不过气,血忽地涌到小脑瓜里去了。 + +<---> + +Petka could clearly hear the watch ticking, and his heart started to beat in time with the watch. "How lucky!" He grabbed the watch so happy he could hardly breathe, and suddenly the blood rushed to his head. + +{{< /columns >}} diff --git a/content/biao/B-page-10.md b/content/biao/B-page-10.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..5056c69 --- /dev/null +++ b/content/biao/B-page-10.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +--- +title: Page 10 +--- + +![biao page](./../../images/biao/seifert0726_biao_0014_010.jpg) + +{{< columns >}} + +那醉汉顿着脚,好像给枪剌着一样大叫着:“救命呀!强盗……”彼蒂加吓坏了,紧紧抓着那块表。忽然,他想出了一个好主意。 + +<---> + +The drunkard stomped his feet and yelled as if he had been stabbed: "Ah, help! Bandits..." Petka was scared and held the watch tightly. All of a sudden, he had a good idea. + +{{< /columns >}} diff --git a/content/biao/B-page-11.md b/content/biao/B-page-11.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..21514f5 --- /dev/null +++ b/content/biao/B-page-11.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +--- +title: Page 11 +--- + +![biao page](./../../images/biao/seifert0726_biao_0015_011.jpg) + +{{< columns >}} + +他把表链和那些小玩艺一起揪下来,塞进板缝:“喏,拿去!”那醉汉已经糊涂了,早把表忘记了。他接过表链,喃喃地说:“多谢!多谢!我的心肝!” + +<---> + +He pulled off the chain with the charms and stuffed it through the gap: "Here, take it!" The drunkard was muddle-headed. He had already forgotten about the watch. He took the chain and murmured: "Thanks a lot! Thanks a lot! My precious!" + +{{< /columns >}} diff --git a/content/biao/B-page-12.md b/content/biao/B-page-12.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..cb20865 --- /dev/null +++ b/content/biao/B-page-12.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +--- +title: Page 12 +--- + +![biao page](./../../images/biao/seifert0726_biao_0016_012.jpg) + +{{< columns >}} + +太阳在窗外放光,表在彼蒂加手里发亮。他想:聪明人说得对,因祸得福。这表值五十卢布……把它卖了,我得买个白面包,还有猪油、香肠、靴子、带条纹的汗衫…… + +<---> + +The sun was shining outside the window, and the watch was gleaming in Petka's hand. He thought: "The wise man was right about gaining profit by misfortune. This watch is worth 50 Roubles… after selling it, I'll buy myself white bread and lard, sausages, boots, and also a striped undershirt…" + +{{< /columns >}} diff --git a/content/biao/B-page-13.md b/content/biao/B-page-13.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..163c75b --- /dev/null +++ b/content/biao/B-page-13.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +--- +title: Page 13 +--- + +![biao page](./../../images/biao/seifert0726_biao_0017_013.jpg) + +{{< columns >}} + +一切都很好。只有一样不好,就是像罐子里的老鼠一样被关住了。“不要紧!”他安慰自己,“晚上,市场一收摊子,他们就放我了。”可是时间又是多么长呀!太阳简直一点儿也不着急。 + +<---> + +Everything was fine. Only one thing was not fine, to be locked up like a mouse in a jar. "Never mind!" He comforted himself, "in the evening, once the market closes, they will let me go." But how slowly the time passed! The sun was not in a hurry at all. + +{{< /columns >}} diff --git a/content/biao/B-page-14.md b/content/biao/B-page-14.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..99ffb70 --- /dev/null +++ b/content/biao/B-page-14.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +--- +title: Page 14 +--- + +![biao page](./../../images/biao/seifert0726_biao_0018_014.jpg) + +{{< columns >}} + +他又仔细看了看那表,才把它塞在破烂的裤袋里。为了牢靠,他把袋子打了一个结。不一会儿,们锁响了,一个警察走进来叫他出去。彼蒂加高兴地跳了起来,提一提裤子,跟着警察走出禁闭室。 + +<---> + +Carefully, he looked at the watch and put it into the pocket of his tattered trousers. Just in case, he tied the pocket with a knot. After a while, the door opened, a policeman walked in and called him out. Rejoicing, Petka jumped up, pulled up his pants and followed the policeman out of the guardroom. + +{{< /columns >}} diff --git a/content/biao/B-page-15.md b/content/biao/B-page-15.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..41ccbe9 --- /dev/null +++ b/content/biao/B-page-15.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +--- +title: Page 15 +--- + +![biao page](./../../images/biao/seifert0726_biao_0019_015.jpg) + +{{< columns >}} + +彼蒂加被带进局长办公室。“你好!小扒手。”局长问,“你什么时候生的?”“不知道,可是我十一岁了。”“好像是第七次到我这儿来做客吧?我的判决是原谅你年幼无知,送你到少年教养院去。”彼帝加的头嗡的一声胀大了。 + +<---> + +Petka was taken into the chief\'s office. "Hello, little pickpocket! When were you born?" The chief asked. "I don't know, but I am eleven years old." - "You seem to be my guest for the seventh time? My decision is to forgive you your youth and ignorance, and send you to the reformatory." Petka's head started to buzz. + +{{< /columns >}} diff --git a/content/biao/B-page-16.md b/content/biao/B-page-16.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..a7932b4 --- /dev/null +++ b/content/biao/B-page-16.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +--- +title: Page 16 +--- + +![biao page](./../../images/biao/seifert0726_biao_0020_016.jpg) + +{{< columns >}} + +更糟糕的是,局长命令警察搜他的身。他想:从此永远分手了,我的宝贝表!幸亏警察嫌脏,不肯动手。 + +<---> + +To make matters worse, the chief ordered the policeman to search his body. He thought: "Farewell forever, my beloved watch." Fortunately, the policeman disliked filth and was unwilling to move. + +{{< /columns >}} diff --git a/content/biao/B-page-17.md b/content/biao/B-page-17.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..d10803b --- /dev/null +++ b/content/biao/B-page-17.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +--- +title: Page 17 +--- + +![biao page](./../../images/biao/seifert0726_biao_0021_017.jpg) + +{{< columns >}} + +局长对警察说:“不搜也罢,这不关紧要。你带上公文,把这小浪子交给少年教养院去。”警察把公文塞在皮包里,对彼蒂加说:“流浪儿,走吧!”彼蒂加庆幸地一提裤子,迈开大步便走。 + +<---> + +The chief said to the policeman: "Don't search, it doesn\'t matter. Take this document and bring this little hooligan to the reformatory." The policeman stuffed the document into his briefcase and turned to Petka: "Hooligan, let\'s go!" Happily, Petka pulled up his pants and followed with big steps. + +{{< /columns >}} diff --git a/content/biao/B-page-18.md b/content/biao/B-page-18.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..183efe6 --- /dev/null +++ b/content/biao/B-page-18.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +--- +title: Page 18 +--- + +![biao page](./../../images/biao/seifert0726_biao_0023_018.jpg) + +{{< columns >}} + +他们穿过热闹的市场,彼蒂加只有一个念头:跑掉!他的心思被警察看透了:“想溜掉吗?那就跑吧!”可他却一本正经的说:“我才不跑呢!即使打死我,我也不跑。” + +<---> + +As they crossed the lively market, Petka only had one thought: "Run away!" The policeman read his mind. "Want to slip away? Just run away then!" But he answered seriously: "I won't run away! Even if you beat me to death, I won't run away." + +{{< /columns >}} diff --git a/content/biao/B-page-19.md b/content/biao/B-page-19.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..fdcff29 --- /dev/null +++ b/content/biao/B-page-19.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +--- +title: Page 19 +--- + +![biao page](./../../images/biao/seifert0726_biao_0023_019.jpg) + +{{< columns >}} + +警察走得口渴了,正好跟过一个叫“米兰”的茶馆,他叫彼蒂加一同进去喝茶,彼蒂加不肯。警察说:“我知道你是不跑的,你是一个乖小子……”他让彼蒂加在外边等着,自己进去了。 + +<---> + +The policeman walked and became thirsty, just as they passed by a teahouse called "Milan". He asked Petka to go in together to drink some tea, but Petka refused. The policeman said: "I know you won't run away. You're a good boy…" He left Petka waiting outside and went in by himself. + +{{< /columns >}} diff --git a/content/biao/B-page-20.md b/content/biao/B-page-20.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..e109b28 --- /dev/null +++ b/content/biao/B-page-20.md @@ -0,0 +1,18 @@ +--- +title: Page 20 +--- + + ![biao page](./../../images/biao/seifert0726_biao_0024_020.jpg) + +{{< columns >}} + + + +彼蒂加二话没说拔脚就跑。他像插上了翅膀,转过街角,狂奔飞跑,心都快要从胸口里跳出来了。往哪儿去呢?他自己也不知道。 + +<---> + + +Without another word, Petka turned around and ran. He seemed to have grown wings, he turned around the corner and his heart was about to jump out of his chest. Where should he go? He did not know himself. + +{{< /columns >}} diff --git a/content/biao/B-page-21.md b/content/biao/B-page-21.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..af3bf54 --- /dev/null +++ b/content/biao/B-page-21.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +--- +title: Page 21 +--- + +![biao page](./../../images/biao/seifert0726_biao_0025_021.jpg) + +{{< columns >}} + +他终于在街市的尽头站住了。回头望望没有人追踪,心想:到底跑掉了! 现在我自由了! 他想起了表,用手一摸,哎呀! 表不在了,连袋子也没了。他灰心丧气,差一点哭出来。 + +<---> + +Finally, he stopped at the end of the market. He turned around and saw that no one was following him, thinking: "In the end I got away! Now I'm free!" He remembered the watch and felt for it. OH NO! The watch was gone, even his pocket had disappeared. He was so disheartened that he almost began to cry. + +{{< /columns >}} diff --git a/content/biao/B-page-22.md b/content/biao/B-page-22.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..fb142f8 --- /dev/null +++ b/content/biao/B-page-22.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +--- +title: Page 22 +--- + +![biao page](./../../images/biao/seifert0726_biao_0026_022.jpg) + +{{< columns >}} + +他循着原路回去找,可连表的影子也没看到。快到“米兰”茶馆时,他的眼睛突然一亮,马路上躺着装着表的袋子,他弯腰拾起袋子,哈! 表还在呢! + +<---> + +He went back the same way, but he did not even see a shadow of his watch. When he had almost reached the "Milan" teahouse, his eyes suddenly brightened, as he saw the pocket with the watch in it. He bent down to pick it up. HA! The watch was still there! + +{{< /columns >}} diff --git a/content/biao/B-page-23.md b/content/biao/B-page-23.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..7e95a52 --- /dev/null +++ b/content/biao/B-page-23.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +--- +title: Page 23 +--- + +![biao page](./../../images/biao/seifert0726_biao_0027_023.jpg) + +{{< columns >}} + +这时警察从茶馆里出来了:“好!你毕竟等着,真是好样儿的!”他拿出一块甜饼递给彼蒂加。随后,他们继续向教养院走去。 + +<---> + +Right at that moment, the policeman stepped out of the teahouse: "Good! You've waited after all. What a good boy!" He took out a piece of sweet cake and handed it to Petka. After this, they continued their walk to the reformatory. + +{{< /columns >}} diff --git a/content/biao/B-page-24.md b/content/biao/B-page-24.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..dad86af --- /dev/null +++ b/content/biao/B-page-24.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +--- +title: Page 24 +--- + +![biao page](./../../images/biao/seifert0726_biao_0028_024.jpg) + +{{< columns >}} + +不多时,他们来到教养院。教养院的房子全是绿顶白墙,窗户带着罩窗,还有个院子,右头围墙,一重大门。彼蒂加叹了一口气。他想,这监牢似的教养院,谁能从这儿逃走呢? + +<---> + +Before long, they arrived at the reformatory. The building of the reformatory had a green roof and white walls. The windows had curtains and there was a yard. On the right side of the fence, there was a heavy gate. Petka sighed. He thought: "This reformatory is like a prison, who can escape from here?" + +{{< /columns >}} diff --git a/content/biao/B-page-25.md b/content/biao/B-page-25.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..12e4e9e --- /dev/null +++ b/content/biao/B-page-25.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +--- +title: Page 25 +--- + +![biao page](./../../images/biao/seifert0726_biao_0029_025.jpg) + +{{< columns >}} + +警察叫开门,他们走进二楼去见院长。警察向院长要了收据,看了彼蒂加一眼:“孩子好好地在这儿生活吧!再见!” + +<---> + +The policeman called to open the door and they went to the second floor to see the director. The policeman requested for a receipt from the director and glanced at Petka: "Child, live well here! Goodbye!" + +{{< /columns >}} diff --git a/content/biao/B-page-26.md b/content/biao/B-page-26.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..ed64000 --- /dev/null +++ b/content/biao/B-page-26.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +--- +title: Page 26 +--- + +![biao page](./../../images/biao/seifert0726_biao_0030_026.jpg) + +{{< columns >}} + +院长一边翻看着警察局的公文,一边对彼蒂加说:“哦,小偷?这干不得!你这小,再边几年就能成为一个有用的人了……现在我们首先得整理你的外表。” + +<---> + +While the director looked through the police documents, he turned to Petka: "Oh, a thief? This can't be! You're still young, in a few years, you can turn into a useful person... now, we first have to put your appearance in order." + +{{< /columns >}} diff --git a/content/biao/B-page-27.md b/content/biao/B-page-27.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..ea06911 --- /dev/null +++ b/content/biao/B-page-27.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +--- +title: Page 27 +--- + +![biao page](./../../images/biao/seifert0726_biao_0031_027.jpg) + +{{< columns >}} + +彼蒂加被带到卫生科。卫生员叫他把衣服脱光进浴盆洗澡,还要把他的破衣服烧掉,换一身新的。 + +<---> + +Petka was taken to the infirmary. The health worker told him to take off all his clothes, to take a bath in the bathtub and to burn his worn-out clothes in exchange for a set of new ones. + +{{< /columns >}} diff --git a/content/biao/B-page-28.md b/content/biao/B-page-28.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..54b7c99 --- /dev/null +++ b/content/biao/B-page-28.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +--- +title: Page 28 +--- + +![biao page](./../../images/biao/seifert0726_biao_0032_028.jpg) + +{{< columns >}} + +彼蒂加吃了一惊。他紧紧抓住裤子,怎么办呢?表……幸运的是卫生员暂时离开了浴室。他来不及多想,迅速地从口袋里掏出表,把它塞进嘴里。 + +<---> + +Petka was shocked. He firmly held on to his trousers: "What should I do? The watch..." Fortunately, the health worker left the bathroom for a moment. He did not have much time to think, so he quickly took the watch out of his pocket and put it in his mouth. + +{{< /columns >}} diff --git a/content/biao/B-page-29.md b/content/biao/B-page-29.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..594b215 --- /dev/null +++ b/content/biao/B-page-29.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +--- +title: Page 29 +--- + +![biao page](./../../images/biao/seifert0726_biao_0033_029.jpg) + +{{< columns >}} + +卫生员来了,他用钳子把彼蒂加的脏衣服夹了出来,然后又回来给他洗澡。彼蒂加已经五年没洗澡了,躺在浴盆里感到舒服极了。卫生员问他问这问那。彼蒂加因为嘴里含着表,一句话也说不出,只是点头或摇头。 + +<---> + +The health worker came back. He carried Petka's clothes outside with pliers, then returned to give him a bath. Petka had not taken a bath in five years, so when he lay in the bathtub, it felt really comfortable. The health worker asked a stream of questions. But because Petka had the watch in his mouth, he could not say a word, he just nodded or shook his head. + +{{< /columns >}} diff --git a/content/biao/B-page-30.md b/content/biao/B-page-30.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..90c6b92 --- /dev/null +++ b/content/biao/B-page-30.md @@ -0,0 +1,16 @@ +--- +title: Page 30 +--- + +![biao page](./../../images/biao/seifert0726_biao_0034_030.jpg) + +{{< columns >}} + + +卫生员终于关上了他的话匣子。他放掉脏水,又放进干净的水,然后拿起报纸:“孩子,如果太冷或太热,你就说话。” + +<---> + +The health worker finally turned off his chatterbox. He let the dirty water out, and filled it up with clean water, then he took the newspapers: "Kid, if it's too cold or too hot, just tell me." + +{{< /columns >}} diff --git a/content/biao/B-page-31.md b/content/biao/B-page-31.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..0c91fc1 --- /dev/null +++ b/content/biao/B-page-31.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +--- +title: Page 31 +--- + +![biao page](./../../images/biao/seifert0726_biao_0035_031.jpg) + +{{< columns >}} + +热水不断地从龙头里涌出,浴盆里渐渐地烫起来,彼蒂加焦急不安地折腾开了,却又说不出话来。最后,他实在熬不住了,一下子把表吐在浴盆里,大叫一声:“烫呀!”并像弹簧似的跳了出来。 + +<---> + +The hot water gushed from the tap ceaselessly. The water in the bathtub got hotter and hotter. Petka tossed about uneasily but was unable to speak out. In the end, he could not take it anymore. All of a sudden, he spit the watch into the bathtub, and screamed: "It's boiling!" and jumped out like a metal spring. + +{{< /columns >}} diff --git a/content/biao/B-page-32.md b/content/biao/B-page-32.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..ee6d7c5 --- /dev/null +++ b/content/biao/B-page-32.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +--- +title: Page 32 +--- + +![biao page](./../../images/biao/seifert0726_biao_0036_032.jpg) + +{{< columns >}} + +卫生员又放了许多冷水在浴盆里,彼蒂加又重新跳了进去。他急忙在盆底摸表,终于碰到了光滑的圆东西,他惊喜地又把它塞进嘴里。不知为什么,浴盆里的水在逐渐减少。 + +<---> + +The health worker then poured cold water into the bathtub, so Petka jumped in again. He anxiously felt for the watch at the bottom of the bathtub and finally got hold of a smooth round thing. He eagerly put it into his mouth again. He did not know why, but the water in the bathtub became less and less. + +{{< /columns >}} diff --git a/content/biao/B-page-33.md b/content/biao/B-page-33.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..7feb241 --- /dev/null +++ b/content/biao/B-page-33.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +--- +title: Page 33 +--- + + ![biao page](./../../images/biao/seifert0726_biao_0037_033.jpg) + +{{< columns >}} + +洗完澡,卫生员给他一套新衣服。他第一次穿这么漂亮的衣服,乐得咧着嘴笑了。卫生员诧导地看着他嘴里发亮的东西:“这是什么?” + +<---> + +When he was done bathing, the health worker gave him a set of new clothes. It was the first time for him to wear such pretty clothes, so he grinned with his mouth wide open. The health worker was surprised to see something shiny in his mouth: "What is this?" + +{{< /columns >}} diff --git a/content/biao/B-page-34.md b/content/biao/B-page-34.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..86c716a --- /dev/null +++ b/content/biao/B-page-34.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +--- +title: Page 34 +--- + +![biao page](./../../images/biao/seifert0726_biao_0038_034.jpg) + +{{< columns >}} + +彼蒂加赶紧闭上嘴,卫生员哪肯放过。最后,彼蒂加只得把它吐出来。天啊!这不是浴盆的铜塞子吗?卫生员惊奇地问:“告诉我,为什么把它放进嘴里?”彼蒂加只好撤谎:“我饿!” + +<---> + +Petka hastily closed his mouth, but the health worker would not let go. In the end, Petka had to spit it out. Good heavens! Was this not the copper plug of the bathtub? The health worker was surprised: "Tell me, why did you put that into your mouth?" Petka had to lie: "I'm hungry!" + +{{< /columns >}} diff --git a/content/biao/B-page-35.md b/content/biao/B-page-35.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..5ec0d2b --- /dev/null +++ b/content/biao/B-page-35.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +--- +title: Page 35 +--- + +![biao page](./../../images/biao/seifert0726_biao_0039_035.jpg) + +{{< columns >}} + +表哪去了?彼蒂加偷偷朝浴盆张望。浴盆里水已流净,只有一块浴巾。卫生员把铜塞子扔回浴盆,去拿浴巾。彼蒂加心想:这可惜了!表一定在浴巾下面。他灵机一动,突然大叫起来:“啊唷!肚子痛!” + +<---> + +Where did the watch go? Petka secretly peeped towards the bathtub. The water in the bathtub had already drained away, there was only a washcloth left. The health worker threw the plug back into the bathtub and was about to take the washcloth. Petka thought: "Too bad! The watch must be under the towel." He had a sudden idea and screamed: "Ouch! My stomach is aching!" + +{{< /columns >}} diff --git a/content/biao/B-page-36.md b/content/biao/B-page-36.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..e731521 --- /dev/null +++ b/content/biao/B-page-36.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +--- +title: Page 36 +--- + +![biao page](./../../images/biao/seifert0726_biao_0040_036.jpg) + +{{< columns >}} + +卫生员慌了,急忙奔出门去取药。彼蒂加扑到浴巾上,一点不错,表就躺在浴巾下面。他急忙把它抓在手里,把水擦干,欣赏着。手心里的表活像是太阳在放光。 + +<---> + +The health worker panicked and hurried out the door to get some medicine. Petka launched towards the cloth. And indeed!, the watch was really under the cloth. He grabbed it really fast, wiped it dry, and admired it. The watch in his hands was shining like the sun. + +{{< /columns >}} diff --git a/content/biao/B-page-37.md b/content/biao/B-page-37.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..4afe669 --- /dev/null +++ b/content/biao/B-page-37.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +--- +title: Page 37 +--- + +![biao page](./../../images/biao/seifert0726_biao_0041_037.jpg) + +{{< columns >}} + +彼蒂加急忙把表装进崭新的裤袋里。这时,卫生员拿来一瓶阿摩尼亚水,他嗅了嗅,打了几个喷嚏,就装作病好了。经过梳洗打扮,他变成一个漂亮的小伙子了。 + +<---> + +Petka hastily put the watch into the pocket of his brand-new pants. Right then, the health worker brought a bottle of ammonia solution. Petka sniffed it, sneezed a few times, and then pretended to be cured. Now that he had freshened up, he turned into a pretty young lad. + +{{< /columns >}} diff --git a/content/biao/B-page-38.md b/content/biao/B-page-38.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..f517877 --- /dev/null +++ b/content/biao/B-page-38.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +--- +title: Page 38 +--- + +![biao page](./../../images/biao/seifert0726_biao_0042_038.jpg) + +{{< columns >}} + +彼蒂加来到食堂,饭菜又热又香。他贪婪地吃着,连盘子都舔光了。独眼龙毕塔珂夫逗弄起他来了:“大饭桶,比大象吃得还多!”彼蒂加生气了,把匙子掷过去,正敲在独眼龙的脑门上。 + +<---> + +When Petka arrived at the canteen, the food was hot and smelled good. He ate greedily, even licking the plate clean. The one-eyed Pyatakov began to tease him: "You greedy pig! You eat more than an elephant!" Petka became angry and threw his spoon right at One Eye's forehead. + +{{< /columns >}} diff --git a/content/biao/B-page-39.md b/content/biao/B-page-39.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..bb4a9a5 --- /dev/null +++ b/content/biao/B-page-39.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +--- +title: Page 39 +--- + +![biao page](./../../images/biao/seifert0726_biao_0043_039.jpg) + +{{< columns >}} + +出了乱子了,院长赶来了。他用严厉的目光看着彼蒂加:“站到门口去,直到大家吃完午饭为止!”孩子们吃完午饭,三三两两从彼蒂加面前跑过去,有的向他伸舌头,有的向他扮鬼脸。 + +<---> + +Upon the commotion, the director rushed in. He gave Petka a stern look: "Stand in the doorway until everybody has finished their lunch!" After the children had finished their lunch, they ran past Petka in groups of twos and threes, some of them sticking out their tongues, some of them making faces at him. + +{{< /columns >}} diff --git a/content/biao/B-page-40.md b/content/biao/B-page-40.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..a760130 --- /dev/null +++ b/content/biao/B-page-40.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +--- +title: Page 40 +--- + +![biao page](./../../images/biao/seifert0726_biao_0044_040.jpg) + +{{< columns >}} + +傍晚,彼蒂加担心把表带在身上会出乱子,于是来到院子里,在墙根挖了个小坑。他把表包好,埋在小坑里,还插上一根小树枝,免得记错了地方。 + +<---> + +At dusk, Petka worried that keeping the watch on him might cause trouble, so he went to the yard and dug a small hole at the foot of a wall. He wrapped up the watch, buried it and stuck a small twiglet on it in order not to remember the wrong spot. + +{{< /columns >}} diff --git a/content/biao/B-page-41.md b/content/biao/B-page-41.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..23bcf9a --- /dev/null +++ b/content/biao/B-page-41.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +--- +title: Page 41 +--- + +![biao page](./../../images/biao/seifert0726_biao_0045_041.jpg) + +{{< columns >}} + +当天空布满星星的时候,就寝钟响了。彼蒂加倒在床上直睡到天亮。“起来!快起来!”院长摇着他的肩膀,“警察局长要你去一趟。”彼蒂加慌神啦,脚怎么也伸不进裤脚里去。 + +<---> + +When the sky was full of stars, the bell rang. Petka fell into bed and slept till dawn. "Get up! Get up!" The director shook his shoulder. "The chief wants you to come." Petka panicked and could not get his feet into his trousers no matter how hard he tried. + +{{< /columns >}} diff --git a/content/biao/B-page-42.md b/content/biao/B-page-42.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..ec59332 --- /dev/null +++ b/content/biao/B-page-42.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +--- +title: Page 42 +--- + +![biao page](./../../images/biao/seifert0726_biao_0046_042.jpg) + +{{< columns >}} + +彼蒂加被带到警察局长办公室。他看见局长身旁站着一个红鼻子老汉。彼蒂加想,这一定是那个醉汉了。“凭良心回答,你偷了库兑耶尔的表吗?”局长问。“我敢赌咒,我从来没有见过表……”彼蒂加坦然地回答。 + +<---> + +Petka was taken to the chief's office. He saw an old, red-nosed man standing next to the chief. Petka thought this was for sure the drunkard. "Answer honestly, did you steal Kudeyar's watch?'' the chief asked. "I swear, I\'ve never seen that watch...'', Petka answered calmly. + +{{< /columns >}}s diff --git a/content/biao/B-page-43.md b/content/biao/B-page-43.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..19112d3 --- /dev/null +++ b/content/biao/B-page-43.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +--- +title: Page 43 +--- + +![biao page](./../../images/biao/seifert0726_biao_0047_043.jpg) + +{{< columns >}} + +局长命令警察将彼蒂加从头到脚搜一遍。彼蒂加一点也不害怕,心里非常好笑。后来局长和库兑耶尔一齐动手,结果什么也没有搜到。 + +<---> + +The chief ordered a policeman to search Petka from head to toe. Petka, silently finding it hilarious, was not afraid at all. Later, both the chief and Kudeyar joined in, but in the end, they could not find anything. + +{{< /columns >}} diff --git a/content/biao/B-page-44.md b/content/biao/B-page-44.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..81b0818 --- /dev/null +++ b/content/biao/B-page-44.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +--- +title: Page 44 +--- + +![biao page](./../../images/biao/seifert0726_biao_0048_044.jpg) + +{{< columns >}} + +“他根本就没有表。他诬赖好人!”彼蒂加对局长说。局长教训了库兑耶尔一顿。库兑耶尔放声大哭。局长命令警察把彼蒂加送回教养院。 + +<---> + +"He doesn't even own a watch, he's accusing innocent people!" Petka said to the chief. The chief read Kudeyar the riot act. Kudeyar began to cry loudly. The chief ordered the policeman to take Petka back to the reformatory. + +{{< /columns >}} diff --git a/content/biao/B-page-45.md b/content/biao/B-page-45.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..be6a949 --- /dev/null +++ b/content/biao/B-page-45.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +--- +title: Page 45 +--- + +![biao page](./../../images/biao/seifert0726_biao_0049_045.jpg) + +{{< columns >}} + +警察对彼蒂加说:“你一个人回去吧,我对你的诚实深信不疑。”彼蒂加真的一个人向教养院走去。现在他是不肯逃走的了,因为他心爱的表还埋在教养院的院子里呢! + +<---> + +The policeman said to Petka: "Go back by yourself, you are an honest boy.'' And Petka indeed started to walk back to the reformatory. He did not want to run away now because his beloved watch was still buried in the yard of the reformatory! + +{{< /columns >}} diff --git a/content/biao/B-page-46.md b/content/biao/B-page-46.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..57d8d6d --- /dev/null +++ b/content/biao/B-page-46.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +--- +title: Page 46 +--- + +![biao page](./../../images/biao/seifert0726_biao_0050_046.jpg) + +{{< columns >}} + +忽然,库兑耶尔从后面追了上来,扑倒在他的脚上:“求求你,还我表吧!我的女人在生病,孩子在挨饿。看上帝面上,还给我!” + +<---> + +Suddenly, Kudeyar caught up with him and threw himself at his feet: "I beg you, give me back my watch! My wife is sick, the children are starving. In the name of God, give it back to me!" + +{{< /columns >}} diff --git a/content/biao/B-page-47.md b/content/biao/B-page-47.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..b6dd8bd --- /dev/null +++ b/content/biao/B-page-47.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +--- +title: Page 47 +--- + +![biao page](./../../images/biao/seifert0726_biao_0051_047.jpg) + +{{< columns >}} + +彼蒂加毫不理会,继续往前走。库兑耶尔从后面追上来嚷着:“我控告你!我给你吃官司!”“告去就是了,谁也不会相信你这个老酒鬼!”彼蒂加觉得很开心,只管自己的路。 + +<---> + +Petka did not pay him any attention and continued to walk ahead. Kudeyar caught up with him, yelling: "I will sue you! I will file a lawsuit!'' - "Go ahead and sue me, no one will believe an old drunkard like you.'' Petka felt very happy and went his way. + +{{< /columns >}} diff --git a/content/biao/B-page-48.md b/content/biao/B-page-48.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..484eb93 --- /dev/null +++ b/content/biao/B-page-48.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +--- +title: Page 48 +--- + +![biao page](./../../images/biao/seifert0726_biao_0052_048.jpg) + +{{< columns >}} + +彼蒂加打算先把表挖出来,然后翻墙逃走。可是当他一走进教养院,却看见院子里停放着许多辆运木材的大马车。孩子们在院长的指挥下,正从马车上往下搬运木材。不一会儿,木材就堆满了院子。 + +<---> + +Petka came up with a plan. He would first dig out the watch, and then climb over the wall and run away. However, when he arrived at the reformatory, he saw that numerous horse carriages loaded with timber were parked in the courtyard. Under the command of the director, the children unloaded the logs from the carriages. Before long, the courtyard was all filled with timber. + +{{< /columns >}} diff --git a/content/biao/B-page-49.md b/content/biao/B-page-49.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..b5a4b3f --- /dev/null +++ b/content/biao/B-page-49.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +--- +title: Page 49 +--- + +![biao page](./../../images/biao/seifert0726_biao_0053_049.jpg) + +{{< columns >}} + +他来到埋表的地方,那上面高高地堆放着木材。“我的表……”他伤心地哭了起来。 + +<---> + +He arrived at the spot where he had buried the watch. Timber was piled high on top of it. "My watch..." Broken-hearted, he started to cry. + +{{< /columns >}} diff --git a/content/biao/B-page-50.md b/content/biao/B-page-50.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..7ab8c24 --- /dev/null +++ b/content/biao/B-page-50.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +--- +title: Page 50 +--- + +![biao page](./../../images/biao/seifert0726_biao_0054_050.jpg) + +{{< columns >}} + +这天夜里,他被火车的汽笛声惊醒:“唉唉,车站该是多么有趣!掏空那些有钱人的腰包多开心……”他打定主意,今晚把表弄到手后就逃走。 + +<---> + +At night, the sound of a train whistle woke him up. "Oh, how much fun it would be to be at the station and empty out the pockets of all those rich people..." He made up his mind: Tonight, he would get the watch into his hands and just run away. + +{{< /columns >}} diff --git a/content/biao/B-page-51.md b/content/biao/B-page-51.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..54f07d2 --- /dev/null +++ b/content/biao/B-page-51.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +--- +title: Page 51 +--- + +![biao page](./../../images/biao/seifert0726_biao_0055_051.jpg) + +{{< columns >}} + +他打开窗户,从排水管滑下来溜到院子里,来到埋表的地方。他使劲地搬开木材,一根,两根,三根……才搬了二三十根,他就上气不接下气了。 + +<---> + +He opened the window, glided down the drainpipe, landed in the courtyard, and went to the place where his watch was buried. With all his strength he dragged away the logs. One log, two logs, three logs\... when he had dragged away only twenty or thirty logs, he was gasping for air already. + +{{< /columns >}} diff --git a/content/biao/B-page-52.md b/content/biao/B-page-52.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..5be2d15 --- /dev/null +++ b/content/biao/B-page-52.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +--- +title: Page 52 +--- + +![biao page](./../../images/biao/seifert0726_biao_0056_052.jpg) + +{{< columns >}} + +当他再搬一根很重的圆木材时,一不小心滑脱了手,整个木材垛塌了下来,发出吓人的声响。随着一声嗥叫,一只大狗向他扑来。彼蒂加吓得浑身发抖,拚命地逃回宿舍里去。 + +<---> + +Just when he was pulling one especially heavy log, it slipped out of his hands in a moment of carelessness. The entire pile of tree trunks collapsed, making a frightening noise. Following a loud growl, a huge dog jumped at Petka. Petka\'s entire body trembled with fear, and he ran back to the dorm for his dear life. + +{{< /columns >}} diff --git a/content/biao/B-page-53.md b/content/biao/B-page-53.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..57ecc6e --- /dev/null +++ b/content/biao/B-page-53.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +--- +title: Page 53 +--- + +![biao page](./../../images/biao/seifert0726_biao_0057_053.jpg) + +{{< columns >}} + +第二天,彼蒂加得了严重的肺炎,整整昏睡了三个星期。 + +<---> + +The next day, Petka came down with a serious pneumonia and slept for three weeks. + +{{< /columns >}} diff --git a/content/biao/B-page-54.md b/content/biao/B-page-54.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..ac67e9d --- /dev/null +++ b/content/biao/B-page-54.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +--- +title: Page 54 +--- + +![biao page](./../../images/biao/seifert0726_biao_0058_054.jpg) + +{{< columns >}} + +彼蒂加终于活下来了,恢复知觉了。一天,小伙伴米罗诺夫给他送来一本画书,还告诉他,在他害病的那天,毕塔珂夫因偷木材被送到少年管教所去了。彼蒂加禁不住绯红了脸。 + +<---> + +Petka finally started to get better and recovered his consciousness. One day, his mate Milonov brought him a picture book. He told him that Pyatakov had been sent to the youth custody centre for stealing wood on the same day that Petka had fallen ill. Petka could not help but blush. + +{{< /columns >}} diff --git a/content/biao/B-page-55.md b/content/biao/B-page-55.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..f30debf --- /dev/null +++ b/content/biao/B-page-55.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +--- +title: Page 55 +--- + +![biao page](./../../images/biao/seifert0726_biao_0059_055.jpg) + +{{< columns >}} + +米罗诺夫走后,彼蒂加很难过,心想:毕塔珂夫虽然讨厌,毕竟是自己的小伙伴,不能让他白受冤在。他决定去找院长,说明那天晚上是他搬动了木材,但埋表的事是绝对不能讲的。 + +<---> + +After Milonov had left, Petka felt very bad and thought to himself: "Even though I detest Pyatakov, he is still my mate, and I can't let him be accused wrongly." He decided that he would go to the director and explain that it had been Petka himself, who had moved the logs on that very night, but he would not say a word about the watch. + +{{< /columns >}} diff --git a/content/biao/B-page-56.md b/content/biao/B-page-56.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..ea6f23d --- /dev/null +++ b/content/biao/B-page-56.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +--- +title: Page 56 +--- + +![biao page](./../../images/biao/seifert0726_biao_0060_056.jpg) + +{{< columns >}} + +可是,他来到院长办公室,却又失掉了勇气。院长问他有什么事,他只说是来向院长借画书的。院长见他喜欢读书了,很高兴,就拿给他许多书。 + +<---> + +However, when he arrived in the director's office, his courage left him. The director asked him what the matter was, but he only managed to say that he had come to borrow some picture books from him. When the director saw that he liked reading, he was very happy, and gave him many books. + +{{< /columns >}} diff --git a/content/biao/B-page-57.md b/content/biao/B-page-57.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..7d3a243 --- /dev/null +++ b/content/biao/B-page-57.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +--- +title: Page 57 +--- + +![biao page](./../../images/biao/seifert0726_biao_0061_057.jpg) + +{{< columns >}} + +一个星期六的晚上,库兑耶尔突然带着乳酪糖球来看望彼蒂加,他恳求彼蒂加把表还给他。彼蒂加脸色一下子变白了:“我不要!请您走吧!”“什么?叫我走?你还我表!”库兑耶尔大吵大嚷起来。 + +<---> + +One Saturday evening, Kudeyar suddenly came to pay Petka a visit, bringing toffees and begging him to return his watch. Petka's face instantly turned white: "No! I ask you to leave!" -- "What? You tell me to go? Give me back my watch!" Kudeyar started to make a big scene. + +{{< /columns >}} diff --git a/content/biao/B-page-58.md b/content/biao/B-page-58.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..c48f4d8 --- /dev/null +++ b/content/biao/B-page-58.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +--- +title: Page 58 +--- + +![biao page](./../../images/biao/seifert0726_biao_0062_058.jpg) + +{{< columns >}} + +院长赶来了问:“怎么一回事?”彼蒂加说:“他是我的伯父,是从疯人院出来的。请您不要再放他进来了!”于是大家把库兑耶尔赶走了。 + +<---> + +The director hurried over and asked: "What's going on here?" Petka said: "He is my uncle, he ran away from the madhouse. Please don't let him come in again!" So everyone chased off Kudeyar. + +{{< /columns >}} diff --git a/content/biao/B-page-59.md b/content/biao/B-page-59.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..722fd8a --- /dev/null +++ b/content/biao/B-page-59.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +--- +title: Page 59 +--- + +![biao page](./../../images/biao/seifert0726_biao_0063_059.jpg) + +{{< columns >}} + +冬天到了,下起了大雪。院长叫孩子们把院子里的木材搬进库房去。彼蒂加想到心爱的表就可以到手了,所以劲头也来了:“快点儿,加油!”他干得很卖力,像个指挥官似的组织大家传递木材。 + +<---> + +Winter came and heavy snow fell. The director called the children to carry the timber from inside the courtyard into the storehouse. Petka thought of how he could finally get his hands on his beloved watch, so he also joined with enthusiasm: "Move up, come on!" He threw himself into the task at hand and ordered everyone to pass the timber just like a commander. + +{{< /columns >}} diff --git a/content/biao/B-page-60.md b/content/biao/B-page-60.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..b4c5a46 --- /dev/null +++ b/content/biao/B-page-60.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +--- +title: Page 60 +--- + +![biao page](./../../images/biao/seifert0726_biao_0064_060.jpg) + +{{< columns >}} + +可是库房满了,木材没有搬完,彼蒂加大失所望,因为他的心爱的表仍然拿不出来。虽然院长表扬了他,可他感到很遗憾。 + +<---> + +But the storage room was full before all the timber had been moved in. Petka lost all his hope, because he could not get hold of his beloved watch. Although the headmaster praised him, he felt quite sorrowful. + +{{< /columns >}} diff --git a/content/biao/B-page-61.md b/content/biao/B-page-61.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..0fb2a6c --- /dev/null +++ b/content/biao/B-page-61.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +--- +title: Page 61 +--- + +![biao page](./../../images/biao/seifert0726_biao_0065_061.jpg) + +{{< columns >}} + +由于他劳动积极,大家一致选举他当总务组的组长。彼蒂加又高兴起来了。 + +<---> + +Because he had worked energetically, everyone elected him unanimously as group leader for general affairs. This cheered Petka up again. + +{{< /columns >}} diff --git a/content/biao/B-page-62.md b/content/biao/B-page-62.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..d578171 --- /dev/null +++ b/content/biao/B-page-62.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +--- +title: Page 62 +--- + +![biao page](./../../images/biao/seifert0726_biao_0066_062.jpg) + +{{< columns >}} + +大家对他非常信任,他也热心为大家办事;他用心读书,进步很快。到新年时,他升了级,跟高年级孩子一起读书了。表的事也来不及去想了。 + +<---> + +Everybody trusted him a lot, and he took care of all of their affairs with his full heart; he studied diligently and made good progress. When the new year started, he moved up to a higher class and studied together with the senior students. He did not have time to think about the matter of the watch anymore. + +{{< /columns >}} diff --git a/content/biao/B-page-63.md b/content/biao/B-page-63.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..2632f39 --- /dev/null +++ b/content/biao/B-page-63.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +--- +title: Page 63 +--- + +![biao page](./../../images/biao/seifert0726_biao_0067_063.jpg) + +{{< columns >}} + +日子飞快地过去了。三月里,巴黎公社纪念日这一天,孩子们去烈士陵园扫墓。他们在路上遇见了一个醉汉,大家把他推来推去,还用雪球打他的脸。彼蒂加认出那个醉汉正是库兑耶尔。 + +<---> + +The days were passing faster and faster. In March, on the Paris Commune Memorial Day, all the kids went out to sweep the tombs at the martyrs' cemetery. On their way, they came across a drunkard. Everyone rudely pushed and pulled him back and forth and even threw snowballs at his face. Petka recognized that this drunkard was Kudeyar. + +{{< /columns >}} diff --git a/content/biao/B-page-64.md b/content/biao/B-page-64.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..5711544 --- /dev/null +++ b/content/biao/B-page-64.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +--- +title: Page 64 +--- + +![biao page](./../../images/biao/seifert0726_biao_0068_064.jpg) + +{{< columns >}} + +库兑耶尔呻吟着、挣扎着、躲来躲去。彼蒂加忽然产生了同情心,于是跳出来,叫道:“喂,住手吧!” + +<---> + +Kudeyar groaned, fought, and tried his best to duck away from the children. Petka suddenly felt sorry for him and so he jumped between them and shouted: "Hey, stop it!" + +{{< /columns >}} diff --git a/content/biao/B-page-65.md b/content/biao/B-page-65.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..26f05c6 --- /dev/null +++ b/content/biao/B-page-65.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +--- +title: Page 65 +--- + +![biao page](./../../images/biao/seifert0726_biao_0069_065.jpg) + +{{< columns >}} + +库兑耶尔也认出了他,怒吼道:“你这流氓!你偷了我的表!”彼蒂加又羞又愧。 + +<---> + +Kudeyar also recognized Petka and shouted in anger: "You rogue! You stole my watch!" Petka felt very ashamed. + +{{< /columns >}} diff --git a/content/biao/B-page-66.md b/content/biao/B-page-66.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..180bb8e --- /dev/null +++ b/content/biao/B-page-66.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +--- +title: Page 66 +--- + +![biao page](./../../images/biao/seifert0726_biao_0070_066.jpg) + +{{< columns >}} + +复活节快到了。经院长许可,彼蒂加和小伙伴米罗诺夫一起到集市上去玩耍。彼蒂加认识了一个叫娜塔莎的小女孩。他们彼此谈得很亲密,一直玩到很晚才分手。 + +<---> + +Easter was near. The director allowed Petka to go out with his mate Milonov to spend some time at the market. There, Petka got to know a girl called Natasha. They started getting closer to each other and only separated when it was very late. + +{{< /columns >}} diff --git a/content/biao/B-page-67.md b/content/biao/B-page-67.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..0ca63c8 --- /dev/null +++ b/content/biao/B-page-67.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +--- +title: Page 67 +--- + +![biao page](./../../images/biao/seifert0726_biao_0071_067.jpg) + +{{< columns >}} + +积雪融化了。一天,彼蒂加发现院子里的木材也烧完了。他左思右想,一夜没睡好。第二天清早,他悄悄来到埋表的地方,把表挖了出来。表依然闪闪放光,但彼蒂加却觉得它黯然失色。 + +<---> + +The masses of snow had melted away. One day, Petka noticed that all the timber in the yard had been used up. He pondered and pondered, and he could not sleep the entire night. The next day, he secretly went to the place where he hid the watch and dug it out. It was still sparkling and glittering, but Petka had the feeling that it had lost its splendour. + +{{< /columns >}} diff --git a/content/biao/B-page-68.md b/content/biao/B-page-68.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..7003752 --- /dev/null +++ b/content/biao/B-page-68.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +--- +title: Page 68 +--- + +![biao page](./../../images/biao/seifert0726_biao_0072_068.jpg) + +{{< columns >}} + +这回彼蒂加该按照他的计划逃走了吧?可是,不!现在他不想离开这儿了。那表怎么办呢?扔掉它?怪愚蠢的,最好是还给库兑耶尔,但到哪儿去找他呢?彼蒂加揣着这只可恨的表,心里很痛苦。 + +<---> + +Should Petka run away as he had planned? No, of course not! Now he did not want to leave this place. So, what should he do with the watch? Throw it away? That was quite stupid, the best option was to give it back to Kudeyar, but where could he find him? Petka hid this detestable watch in his clothes, his heart heavy. + +{{< /columns >}} diff --git a/content/biao/B-page-69.md b/content/biao/B-page-69.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..8ebfbdc --- /dev/null +++ b/content/biao/B-page-69.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +--- +title: Page 69 +--- + +![biao page](./../../images/biao/seifert0726_biao_0073_069.jpg) + +{{< columns >}} + +夏天到了,屋顶要油漆一下,院长叫彼蒂加上街去买油漆。他来到市场,想起先前的流浪生活,想到偷东西挨打的难堪情景……唉!真无聊!真糊涂! + +<---> + +Summer had arrived, and the roof needed to be painted. The director asked Petka to go shopping for paint. When he came to the market, he thought of his previous vagrant life and the embarrassment of stealing and being beaten up... UGH! What a bore! How confusing! + +{{< /columns >}} diff --git a/content/biao/B-page-70.md b/content/biao/B-page-70.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..1711ac9 --- /dev/null +++ b/content/biao/B-page-70.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +--- +title: Page 70 +--- + +![biao page](./../../images/biao/seifert0726_biao_0074_070.jpg) + +{{< columns >}} + +“捉贼!捉住他!”突然传来一阵叫喊声。转眼间,从他面前跑过一个蓬头垢面的孩子。彼蒂加立刻认出那是毕塔珂夫。他一下子抓住毕塔珂夫的肩膀。毕塔珂夫一闪身,回手照他心窝就是一拳。 + +<---> + +"Catch the thief! Catch him!" Suddenly there was shouting. In the blink of an eye, an unkempt child ran past him. Petka immediately recognized that it was Pyatakov. He grabbed Pyatakov's shoulder at once. Pyatakov flinched, and then gave him a punch in the gut. + +{{< /columns >}} diff --git a/content/biao/B-page-71.md b/content/biao/B-page-71.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..6fee538 --- /dev/null +++ b/content/biao/B-page-71.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +--- +title: Page 71 +--- + +![biao page](./../../images/biao/seifert0726_biao_0075_071.jpg) + +{{< columns >}} + +“不要撒野!你不认识我啦!我是彼蒂加。”他们来到远离街心的僻静的地方,“原谅我吧,全是我不好……”他对毕塔珂夫讲述了那晚偷搬木材的事。 + +<---> + +"Don't be wild! Don't you know me? I'm Petka!" They came to a secluded place, away from the middle of the street, "forgive me, it\'s all my fault...," he told Pyatakov about the matter of stealing the wood that night. + +{{< /columns >}} diff --git a/content/biao/B-page-72.md b/content/biao/B-page-72.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..8244aad --- /dev/null +++ b/content/biao/B-page-72.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +--- +title: Page 72 +--- + +![biao page](./../../images/biao/seifert0726_biao_0076_072.jpg) + +{{< columns >}} + +毕塔珂夫大笑起来:“可那一夜我确实弄了十六根木材,卖给小贩了……”他敲了一下彼蒂加的前额,就踉踉跄跄地走了。 + +<---> + +Pyatakov started laughing: "But I did get 16 pieces of lumber that night, and sold that to a black-market handler..." he hit Petka on the forehead and staggered away. + +{{< /columns >}} diff --git a/content/biao/B-page-73.md b/content/biao/B-page-73.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..679b455 --- /dev/null +++ b/content/biao/B-page-73.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +--- +title: Page 73 +--- + +![biao page](./../../images/biao/seifert0726_biao_0077_073.jpg) + +{{< columns >}} + +突然,毕塔珂夫又转身回来打了彼蒂加一记耳光:“把表给我!听见没有?你当我不知道?我跟库兑耶尔同住了半年监牢,他都对我讲了……现在他还关在监狱里。”彼蒂加真想快点儿把表交给毕塔珂夫。 + +<---> + +Suddenly, Pyatakov turned around and slapped Petka into the face: "Give me the watch! Did you hear that? You think I don't know? I spent half a year in jail with Kudeyar, and he told me everything... he is still locked up in jail." Petka really wanted to give the watch to Pyatakov quickly. + +{{< /columns >}} diff --git a/content/biao/B-page-74.md b/content/biao/B-page-74.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..5b96a4a --- /dev/null +++ b/content/biao/B-page-74.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +--- +title: Page 74 +--- + +![biao page](./../../images/biao/seifert0726_biao_0078_074.jpg) + +{{< columns >}} + +这时,警察和一群人赶来了。毕塔珂夫被捕了。 + +<---> + +At this time, the police and a group of people arrived. Pyatakov was arrested. + +{{< /columns >}} diff --git a/content/biao/B-page-75.md b/content/biao/B-page-75.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..28ee9a0 --- /dev/null +++ b/content/biao/B-page-75.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +--- +title: Page 75 +--- + +![biao page](./../../images/biao/seifert0726_biao_0079_075.jpg) + +{{< columns >}} + +彼蒂加穿过市场,闷闷不乐地向颜料店走去。他狠狠地捏住口袋里的表:我要这包袱干什么?这个倒霉的玩艺儿!他转过街角,忽然看见一个卖表链的小女孩,原来是娜塔莎。 + +<---> + +Petka crossed the market and walked to the paint shop gloomily. He squeezed the watch in his pocket fiercely: What do I want this burden for? This hapless game! As he turned around the corner of the street, he suddenly saw a girl selling a watch chain. The girl turned out to be Natasha. + +{{< /columns >}} diff --git a/content/biao/B-page-76.md b/content/biao/B-page-76.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..3a5cd4d --- /dev/null +++ b/content/biao/B-page-76.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +--- +title: Page 76 +--- + +![biao page](./../../images/biao/seifert0726_biao_0080_076.jpg) + +{{< columns >}} + +他分明认得,那表链正是库兑耶尔的。他问娜塔莎表链是从哪儿来的。她说:“这是我爸爸的。他从监狱捎来一封信,叫我卖……我没办法生活……” + +<---> + +He clearly recognized that the watch chain belonged to Kudeyar. He asked Natasha where the watch chain came from. She said: "This is my father\'s. He sent a letter from prison asking me to sell it… I can't live like this…" + +{{< /columns >}} diff --git a/content/biao/B-page-77.md b/content/biao/B-page-77.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..32f1e6a --- /dev/null +++ b/content/biao/B-page-77.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +--- +title: Page 77 +--- + +![biao page](./../../images/biao/seifert0726_biao_0081_077.jpg) + +{{< columns >}} + +彼蒂加觉得脑袋在胀大,脚下的地面在摇动,他几乎要跌倒了。他把表链接过来,久久地端详着…… + +<---> + +Petka felt his head swell and the ground under his feet shaking, and he almost fell. He took the watch chain and looked at it for a long time… + +{{< /columns >}} diff --git a/content/biao/B-page-78.md b/content/biao/B-page-78.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..2cf6d7f --- /dev/null +++ b/content/biao/B-page-78.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +--- +title: Page 78 +--- + +![biao page](./../../images/biao/seifert0726_biao_0082_078.jpg) + +{{< columns >}} + +他从衣袋里掏出那只表,用发抖的手把它挂在表链上,递给娜塔莎说:“给你!”然后,飞快地跑走,消失在喧闹的人群中了。 + +<---> + +He took the watch out of his pocket, attached it to the watch chain with trembling hands and handed it to Natasha: "Here, for you!" Then he ran away quickly and disappeared into the noisy crowd. + +{{< /columns >}} diff --git a/content/biao/_index.md b/content/biao/_index.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..86987e0 --- /dev/null +++ b/content/biao/_index.md @@ -0,0 +1,55 @@ +--- +bookCollapseSection: true +type: docs +title: The Watch 表 (1980) +--- + +# The Watch 表 (1980) + +By Leonid Panteleyev, adapted by Dong Qingdong 董青冬, illustrated by Hua Sanchuan 华三川, Beijing: Lianhuanhua chubanshe, 2003. (Reprint of an earlier edition by Renmin meishu chubanshe, Beijing, 1980, translated by Laura Aymar, Bettina Jin, Piet Kortenjan, Lena Henningsen, Sascha Sacknieß, Sophia Schöller, Joschua Seiler, Miriam Stadler, Yixiong Wang and Jenny Wiggermann).[^1] + +## Introduction to the Text + +Lena Henningsen + +"The Watch" is a soviet Russian children's story whose transcultural journey into China merits attention. The author, Leonid Panteleyev (also: Panteleev, pen name of Alexei Ivanovich Jeremejew) was born 1908 in St. Petersburg and died 1987 in the same city (then called Leningrad). After the turmoil of the October Revolution, the family had left the city and Panteleyev returned alone in 1921. He ended up in a school commune for homeless and difficult youngsters. Together with Grigory Georgiyevich Belykh (1906-1938), Panteleyev wrote the novel *The Republic of ShKID* (published in 1927) which is based to some extent on their experiences there. "The Watch" is set in a similar environment and was published only a year later in 1928. Panteleyev later continued to weave historical events into the stories he wrote for children and youth readers. + +Addressing a young readership, the plot of "The Watch" serves a certain didactic agenda, which it combines with elements of a bildungsroman and entertaining, sometimes even comic scenes and episodes. The characters are lively, and defy easy characterization into "good" or "bad". The adults may be strict, but believe in the good sides of the children. Petka -- the protagonist of the story -- is an eleven-year-old boy who learned to survive on the streets and at first appears as a stubborn and unruly character. The treatment he receives at the reformatory to which he is sent, however, help him mature into a responsible young boy diligently studying and doing his chores for the community. Also, he acknowledges past mistakes -- and tries to amend them, at least to a certain degree, leaving a certain amount of ambivalence right to the end. This situates the story firmly within the socialist literary cosmos, as a children's story affirming the values of the communist system, while at the same time calling for a sympathetic reading, for taking sides with the protagonist, despite (or because of) the ambivalence of his character. + +Soon after its publication, "The Watch" was translated into into Spanish (*El Reloj o Las Aventuras de Petika*, published in 1931 by Cenit) and into German (*Die Uhr,* transl. Maria Eisenstein, published in 1930 by Verlag der Jugendinternationale). In Nazi Germany, it was forbidden, but was republished both in East and West Germany after the War. The first East German publication appeared in 1949 and saw countless republications until the 1980s, though not without controversies as some found the contradictions within the soviet system inappropriate in a literary text for children (Pieper 2006: 1048-1049). The first West German publication appeared in 1974, with two more publications until the late 1980s. + +The Chinese translation was produced by no one less than Lu Xun in 1935, shortly before his death and was based on the German translation. In the preface to the translation, Lu Xun also acknowledges a translation into Japanese which helped him through the text and some of its idiomatic expressions, but he took the German version as his core point of reference. He also states as his aim that the story should provide young readers in China with new contents (as opposed to the old contents in most available literature) and target them by using words that a ten-year-old would be able to read (Lu Xun 1935: "Preface"). "The Watch" is one of a few pieces of children's literature translated by Lu Xun and thus form part of the effort of Lu Xun and a number of other members of his generation to foster the creation of an indigenous children's literature. While most of the children's literature translated by Lu Xun still had a predominantly adult readership, "The Watch" enjoyed distinct popularity among younger readers and was even staged as a children's play in Kunming during the 1940s (Lundberg 1989: 196-208; 264). + +Overall, the *lianhuanhua* follows the plot line set out in the original story, and in a number of places, it uses phrases from Lu Xun's translation. There are, however, significant simplifications in a number of sub-plots and in the overall language of the text -- targeting, most likely, juvenile readers almost half a century later. Often, and similar to other literary adaptations into *lianhuanhua*, words from Lu Xun's translation find their way into the characters' speech. In the beginning and the end, the *lianhuanhua* follows the plot line closely in its illustrations, spending one or two panels on each page in the translation. In the middle, however, the *lianhuanhua* strides forward at a faster pace thus significantly reducing the content reproduced. This holds true, in particular, for the passages which delve into Petka's inner life: page 40, thus omits a longish passage in which Petka fantasizes about what he would want to buy in exchange for the golden watch; page [49](https://readchina.github.io/comics/biao/b-page-49/) omits a quarrel among the boys, a dream by Petka and a reference to Gogol's *Nose* and the merits of reading; pages [54-57](https://readchina.github.io/comics/biao/b-page-54/) reduce the content of 14 pages and thus purge several explorations of moral values, responsibility, and guilt; likewise, Petka's transformation is treated much more elaborately in the original (page 65 as compared to p. 82 in the translation) -- and the amusements that Petka and Natasha experience are reduced from 5 pages to just one page ([66](https://readchina.github.io/comics/biao/b-page-66/)). + +The story gained what may be called second order prominence in 1977 through the short story "The Class Teacher" (班主任) by Liu Xinwu 刘心武 (Liu 1977). This story is one of the central texts of the scar literature genre, a first attempt to confront the pain and scars inflicted upon individuals during the Cultural Revolution. As I have elaborated elsewhere (Henningsen 2022 forthcoming), "The Watch" operates as a powerful intertext to "The Class Teacher": On the first level, Teacher Zhang, the protagonist of the story, discusses the text with his students in order to come to terms with a prospective new student in the class. Lu Xun is explicitly referred to in the story as having translated the story with "great ardor", thus adding to the weight of the story. On the second level, "The Watch" provides the narrative frame for the plot line of "The Class Teacher" as the plot of the latter text is clearly modeled on the first. Knowledge of "The Watch" thus adds another layer of interpretation to "The Class Teacher". Soon after, in 1980, the present adaptation appeared as a *lianhuanhua* -- almost contemporaneous to the *lianhuanhua* version of "The Class Teacher" (Liu 1978). + +## References + +Henningsen, Lena 2022 (forthcoming): "Fictional Texts as Sites of Knowledge: From Intertexts to Transtextuality", in: Martin Hofmann, Virginia Leung, Joachim Kurtz \[ed.\]: *Wissensorte in China*, Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz. + +Liu Xinwu 刘心武 1977: "The Class Teacher" 班主任, in *Renmin wenxue* 11, 16--29. + +Liu Xinwu 刘心武 1978: *The Class Teacher* 班主任, adapted by Sun Jianying 孙剑影, illustrated by Xu Xiuyu 徐修余, Jiangsu: Jiangsu renmin chubanshe. + +Liu, Hsin-wu (Liu Xinwu) 1979: "The Class Teacher", in: Yang, Winston L. Y., Nathan K. Mao \[eds.\]: *Stories of Contemporary China*, New York: Paragon Book Gallery, 83-103. + +Liu, Xinwu 1995 (1978): "The Class Teacher" (transl. Zhihua Fang), in: Fang, Zhihua \[ed.\]: *Chinese Short Stories of the Twentieth Century: An Anthology in English*, New York: Garland Publishing, 85-120. + +Lu, Xun 鲁迅 \[1935\]: "Preface", in: Panteleyev, Leonid \[1935\]: *The Watch* 表, transl. by Lu Xun 鲁迅, Shanghai: Shenghuo Shudian, I-IV. + +Lundberg, Lennart 1989: *Lu Xun as a Translator: Lu Xun's Translation and Introduction of Literature and Literary Theory, 1903-1936*, Stockholm: Orientaliska Studier, Stockholm University. + +Panteleyev, Leonid \[1935\]: *The Watch* 表, transl. by Lu Xun 鲁迅, Shanghai: Shenghuo Shudian. + +Panteleyev, Leonid 2003 \[1980\]: *The Watch* 表, adapted by Zhong Qingdong 重青冬, Hua Sanchuan 华三川 Beijing: Lianhuanhua chubanshe. + +Pantelejew, Leonid \[1958\]: *Die Uhr*, transl. by Maria Eisenstein, illustrated by Paul Rosiè, Berlin: Der Kinderbuchverlag. + +Pieper, Katrin 2006: "Die besten Helden: Literatur für Kinder und Jugendliche nach sowjetischen Vorbildern", in: Karl Eimermacher and Astrid Volpert \[ed.\]: *Tauwetter, Eiszeit und gelenkte Dialoge: Russen und Deutsche nach 1945*, München: Wilhelm Fink Verlag, 1033-1056. + +{{
}} + +[^1]: This translation was produced in a joint translation project by BA students at the Institute of Chinese Studies, University of Freiburg, supervised by Lena Henningsen. We acknowledge the support of the ERC-funded project "The Politics of Reading in the People's Republic of China" (READCHINA, Grant agreement No. 757365/SH5: 2018-2023). Special thanks go to Julia Schneider for a critical reading of the translation and to our colleagues Matthias Arnold and Hanno Lecher from the Centre for Asian and Transcultural Studies (CATS), Heidelberg University, for providing us with high resolution scans of the comics which are part of the [Seifert collection](https://www.asia-europe.uni-heidelberg.de/en/research/heidelberg-research-architecture/projects/hra14-chinese-comics/the-seifert-collection.html). + + We have taken much effort to contact the publisher of this comic in order to acquire permission by the copyright holder to publish the pages online. We regret that we have not received responses to our inquiries. If you believe that copyrights are not being respected, please send an email message to: [readchina"at"mail.sinologie.uni-freiburg.de](mailto:readchina@mail.sinologie.uni-freiburg.de). We will respond as soon as possible and will work with you to either accredit the material correctly or remove it entirely. diff --git a/content/luxun/MaiShuDeGuShi/MaishuDeGushi-page-01.md b/content/luxun/MaiShuDeGuShi/MaishuDeGushi-page-01.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..53862a6 --- /dev/null +++ b/content/luxun/MaiShuDeGuShi/MaishuDeGushi-page-01.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +--- +title: Page 01 +--- + +![luxun front](../../../images/luxun/MaiShuDeGuShi/2-page-00001.jpg) + +{{< columns >}} + +一九三二年深秋,一个细雨绵绵的日子。中午时分,上海内山书店里很清静,没有顾客。在店堂的一角,鲁迅正和书店主人,日本朋友内山完造谈论着国民党反动派压制进步文化的情况。这时,鲁迅的著作几乎全部被他们禁止了。 + +<---> + +Es war ein vernieselter Tag im Spätherbst des Jahres 1932. Um die Mittagszeit war es in der Uchiyama-Buchhandlung in Shanghai ganz ruhig, es waren keine Kunden da. In einer Ecke des Ladens unterhielt sich Lu Xun mit dem Ladenbesitzer, seinem japanischen Freund Kanzō Uchiyama, darüber, wie die fortschrittliche Kultur durch die Reaktionäre der Guomindang unterdrückt wurde. Zu jener Zeit hatten diese nahezu sämtliche literarischen Schriften von Lu Xun verboten. + +{{< /columns >}} \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/content/luxun/MaiShuDeGuShi/MaishuDeGushi-page-02.md b/content/luxun/MaiShuDeGuShi/MaishuDeGushi-page-02.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..0c6335b --- /dev/null +++ b/content/luxun/MaiShuDeGuShi/MaishuDeGushi-page-02.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +--- +title: Page 02 +--- + +![luxun front](../../../images/luxun/MaiShuDeGuShi/3-page-00001.jpg) + +{{< columns >}} + +中国人开的书店不能出售鲁迅著作,鲁迅就委托外国人开的书店代售,千方百计把革命真理传播到工农大众中去。鲁迅对内山完造说:“国民党不准书店发售我译的《毁灭》,其实《毁灭》是禁止不了的。” + +<---> + +Von Chinesen betriebene Buchhandlungen durften Lu Xuns Werke nicht verkaufen, so dass er den Vertrieb seiner Bücher einer von einem Ausländer geführten Buchhandlung anvertraute, um die Wahrheit der Revolution mit allen Mitteln unter den Massen der Arbeiter und Bauern zu verbreiten. Lu Xun sagte zu Uchiyama Kanzō: „Die Guomindang erlaubt es Buchhandlungen nicht, das von mir übersetzte Werk *Die Neunzehn* zu verkaufen, doch *Die Neunzehn* lässt sich nicht verbieten." + +{{< /columns >}} \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/content/luxun/MaiShuDeGuShi/MaishuDeGushi-page-03.md b/content/luxun/MaiShuDeGuShi/MaishuDeGushi-page-03.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..01549d2 --- /dev/null +++ b/content/luxun/MaiShuDeGuShi/MaishuDeGushi-page-03.md @@ -0,0 +1,14 @@ +--- +title: Page 03 +--- + +![luxun front](../../../images/luxun/MaiShuDeGuShi/4-page-00001.jpg) + +{{< columns >}} + +说话间,一个头戴黄色制服帽的公共汽车青年卖票工人走了进来。这个青年看了鲁迅和店主人一眼,就翻起书架上的书来。突然,书脊上“鲁迅”两字跳入了他的眼帘。他赶忙抽出一本,急切地翻看起来。 +<---> + +Während sie sich unterhielten, trat ein junger Verkäufer von Busfahrkarten mit gelber Uniformmütze auf dem Kopf herein. Der junge Mann warf Lu Xun und dem Ladenbesitzer einen kurzen Blick zu, bevor er anfing, sich die Bücher in den Regalen anzuschauen. Plötzlich sprang ihm der Name „Lu Xun" von einigen Buchrücken ins Auge. Sofort zog er ein Buch heraus und fing an, ungeduldig darin zu blättern. + +{{< /columns >}} \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/content/luxun/MaiShuDeGuShi/MaishuDeGushi-page-04.md b/content/luxun/MaiShuDeGuShi/MaishuDeGushi-page-04.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..5d813e7 --- /dev/null +++ b/content/luxun/MaiShuDeGuShi/MaishuDeGushi-page-04.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +--- +title: Page 04 +--- + +![luxun front](../../../images/luxun/MaiShuDeGuShi/5-page-00001.jpg) + +{{< columns >}} + +这就是鲁迅译的小说《毁灭》。鲁迅的著译,在那暗无天日的岁月里给了他多大的鼓舞啊!但是由于反动派的查禁,鲁迅的书越来越难买到了,今天在这里是意外发现。他按捺不住内心的喜悦,捧着这本书,舍不得放下。 + +<---> + +Es war eben jener von Lu Xun übersetzte Roman *Die Neunzehn*. Was für eine enorme Inspiration Lu Xuns Schriften und Übersetzungen ihm in jenen finsteren Zeiten doch gegeben hatten! Doch aufgrund der Verbote durch die reaktionären Kräfte wurde es immer schwieriger, Lu Xuns Bücher zu erwerben. Dass er nun heute hier auf dieses Werk stieß, war ein unverhoffter Fund. Er konnte seine innere Freude nicht zurückhalten, hielt das Buch in den Händen und konnte es nicht mehr aus den Händen legen. + +{{< /columns >}} \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/content/luxun/MaiShuDeGuShi/MaishuDeGushi-page-05.md b/content/luxun/MaiShuDeGuShi/MaishuDeGushi-page-05.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..45e5054 --- /dev/null +++ b/content/luxun/MaiShuDeGuShi/MaishuDeGushi-page-05.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +--- +title: Page 05 +--- + +![luxun front](../../../images/luxun/MaiShuDeGuShi/6-page-00001.jpg) + +{{< columns >}} + +店主人走了过来。这个青年很有礼貌地问:“先生,这本书多少钱?”店主人接过书翻看了一下说:“一元四角。”青年伸手摸了摸衬衫的口袋,里面只剩一元钱了。他轻声说了一句:“对不起,我的钱不够。” + +<---> + +Der Ladenbesitzer kam zu ihm herüber. Der junge Mann fragte höflich: „Entschuldigen Sie, wieviel kostet dieses Buch?" Der Ladenbesitzer nahm das Buch, drehte es um und sagte: „Einen Yuan und vier Jiao." Der junge Mann griff in seine Hemdtasche und merkte, dass er nur noch einen Yuan übrighatte. Er sagte mit leiser Stimme: „Es tut mir leid, doch mein Geld reicht nicht aus." + +{{< /columns >}} \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/content/luxun/MaiShuDeGuShi/MaishuDeGushi-page-06.md b/content/luxun/MaiShuDeGuShi/MaishuDeGushi-page-06.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..348f3f0 --- /dev/null +++ b/content/luxun/MaiShuDeGuShi/MaishuDeGushi-page-06.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +--- +title: Page 06 +--- + +![luxun front](../../../images/luxun/MaiShuDeGuShi/7-page-00001.jpg) + +{{< columns >}} + +店主人没听清他的话,还是热心地向他推荐:“你买一本吧,这是一部很好的书。”青年诚恳地回答:“我知道。”他反复地将书抚摸着,脸上现出了惋惜的神情。 + +<---> + +Der Ladenbesitzer hatte ihn nicht richtig gehört und empfahl ihm weiter enthusiastisch: „Kaufen Sie ein Exemplar, das ist ein wirklich gutes Buch." Der junge Mann erwiderte aufrichtig: „Ich weiß." Er fuhr immer wieder mit den Fingern über das Buch, sein Gesichtsausdruck von Bedauern erfüllt. + +{{< /columns >}} \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/content/luxun/MaiShuDeGuShi/MaishuDeGushi-page-07.md b/content/luxun/MaiShuDeGuShi/MaishuDeGushi-page-07.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..8b69c73 --- /dev/null +++ b/content/luxun/MaiShuDeGuShi/MaishuDeGushi-page-07.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +--- +title: Page 07 +--- + +![luxun front](../../../images/luxun/MaiShuDeGuShi/8-page-00001.jpg) + +{{< columns >}} + +坐在里面的鲁迅把这一切都看在眼里。他站起身慢慢地走了过来,亲切地看着这个青年,问道:“你要买这本书?”青年点头说:“很想买。” + +<---> + +Lu Xun saß derweil im Inneren des Ladens und hatte dies alles mit angesehen. Jetzt stand er auf, ging langsam hinüber, sah den jungen Mann freundlich an und fragte: „Möchten Sie das Buch kaufen?" Der junge Mann nickte und antwortete: „Sehr gerne." + +{{< /columns >}} \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/content/luxun/MaiShuDeGuShi/MaishuDeGushi-page-08.md b/content/luxun/MaiShuDeGuShi/MaishuDeGushi-page-08.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..3a2bbec --- /dev/null +++ b/content/luxun/MaiShuDeGuShi/MaishuDeGushi-page-08.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +--- +title: Page 08 +--- + +![luxun front](../../../images/luxun/MaiShuDeGuShi/9-page-00001.jpg) + +{{< columns >}} + +鲁迅从书架上抽出另一本书递给他:“你买这一本吧,这本书很好。”青年接过来一看,封面上印着“铁流”两个字,但一看定价:一元八角,便说:“我买不起,先生。如果钱够的话,我真想都买回去看看。” + +<---> + +Lu Xun zog ein weiteres Buch aus dem Bücherregal und reichte es ihm: „Kaufen Sie doch dieses Buch. Es ist sehr gut." Der junge Mann nahm es entgegen und warf einen Blick auf den Einband, auf dem der Titel *Der eiserne Strom* aufgedruckt war. Doch als er den Preis von einem Yuan und acht Jiao sah, sagte er: „Das kann ich mir nicht leisten, lieber Herr. Wenn ich genug Geld hätte, würde ich wirklich gerne beide Bücher mitnehmen und lesen." + +{{< /columns >}} \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/content/luxun/MaiShuDeGuShi/MaishuDeGushi-page-09.md b/content/luxun/MaiShuDeGuShi/MaishuDeGushi-page-09.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..2b3e19a --- /dev/null +++ b/content/luxun/MaiShuDeGuShi/MaishuDeGushi-page-09.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +--- +title: Page 09 +--- + +![luxun front](../../../images/luxun/MaiShuDeGuShi/10-page-00001.jpg) + +{{< columns >}} + +鲁迅温和地问道:“一元钱你有没有?一元钱?”青年回答一声:“有!”不觉抬起头来看着鲁迅热情的眼光。 + +<---> + +Lu Xun fragte gutmütig: „Hast du denn einen Yuan? Einen einzigen?" Der junge Mann antwortete: „Ja!" Unbewusst hob er den Kopf und schaute in Lu Xuns freundliche Augen. + +{{< /columns >}} \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/content/luxun/MaiShuDeGuShi/MaishuDeGushi-page-10.md b/content/luxun/MaiShuDeGuShi/MaishuDeGushi-page-10.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..ed88fe6 --- /dev/null +++ b/content/luxun/MaiShuDeGuShi/MaishuDeGushi-page-10.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +--- +title: Page 10 +--- + +![luxun front](../../../images/luxun/MaiShuDeGuShi/11-page-00001.jpg) + +{{< columns >}} + +鲁迅把两本书交到青年手里:“给你,两本书一元钱。”青年接过书,几乎不相信自己的耳朵,他目不转睛地看着站在面前的这个慈祥的老人,猛然想起在杂志上见过的鲁迅照片,高兴得\[sic\]跳起来:“您,您就是……” + +<---> + +Lu Xun legte beide Bücher in die Hände des jungen Mannes: „Hier, zwei Bücher für einen Yuan." Der junge Mann nahm die Bücher entgegen und konnte seinen Ohren kaum trauen. Unverwandt blickte er den gütigen alten Mann an, der vor ihm stand. Plötzlich erinnerte er sich an ein Foto von Lu Xun, das er in einer Zeitschrift gesehen hatte. Er sprang fröhlich auf: „Sie, Sie sind doch..." + +{{< /columns >}} \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/content/luxun/MaiShuDeGuShi/MaishuDeGushi-page-11.md b/content/luxun/MaiShuDeGuShi/MaishuDeGushi-page-11.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..5532737 --- /dev/null +++ b/content/luxun/MaiShuDeGuShi/MaishuDeGushi-page-11.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +--- +title: Page 11 +--- + +![luxun front](../../../images/luxun/MaiShuDeGuShi/12-page-00001.jpg) + +{{< columns >}} + +鲁迅微笑着点了点头,对他说:“这本《铁流》因为是另一位先生翻译的,所以收回一点成本;我那一本,是送给你的。”青年抑制不住内心的激动,眼眶里滚动着泪花,连忙掏出那枚带着体温的银元,放到鲁迅手里。 + +<---> + +Lu Xun nickte lächelnd und sagte zu ihm: „Dieses Buch *Der eiserne Strom* hat ein anderer Herr übersetzt, daher muss ich von dir einen Teil der Kosten dafür einziehen. Das von mir übersetzte Buch aber schenke ich dir." Der junge Mann konnte seine innere Aufregung nicht mehr verbergen, sodass ihm Tränen in die Augen stiegen. Eilig zog er die Silbermünze, die noch seine Körperwärme trug, heraus und legte sie Lu Xun in die Hand. + +{{< /columns >}} \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/content/luxun/MaiShuDeGuShi/MaishuDeGushi-page-12.md b/content/luxun/MaiShuDeGuShi/MaishuDeGushi-page-12.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..51ec997 --- /dev/null +++ b/content/luxun/MaiShuDeGuShi/MaishuDeGushi-page-12.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +--- +title: Page 12 +--- + +![luxun front](../../../images/luxun/MaiShuDeGuShi/13-page-00001.jpg) + +{{< columns >}} + +青年有多少话要跟鲁迅说啊,可是一时不知从哪里说起。他深情地看了鲁迅一眼,恭敬地鞠了一个躬,把那两本凝结着深厚革命情谊的书小心地装进帆布袋,匆匆地走出了店门。 + +<---> + +Der junge Mann wollte Lu Xun so viel sagen, doch in dem Moment wusste er nicht, wo er anfangen sollte. Er schaute Lu Xun mit tiefer Zuneigung an, verbeugte sich respektvoll, steckte die beiden Bücher, die von einer tiefen revolutionären Freundschaft zeugten, vorsichtig in seine Leinentasche und verließ schnellen Schrittes den Laden. + +{{< /columns >}} \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/content/luxun/MaiShuDeGuShi/MaishuDeGushi-page-13.md b/content/luxun/MaiShuDeGuShi/MaishuDeGushi-page-13.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..a2176f5 --- /dev/null +++ b/content/luxun/MaiShuDeGuShi/MaishuDeGushi-page-13.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +--- +title: Page 13 +--- + +![luxun front](../../../images/luxun/MaiShuDeGuShi/14-page-00001.jpg) + +{{< columns >}} + +鲁迅送到门口。秋风卷着细雨,飘洒在他的脸上,凉丝丝的,可是手上那枚带着体温的银元,却使他心里感到无限温暖。他久久地凝视着那个青年工人冒雨远去的背影…… + +<---> + +Lu Xun begleitete ihn bis zur Tür. Durch den Herbstwind wehte ihm der Nieselregen ins Gesicht. Es war kühl, doch die noch warme Silbermünze in seiner Hand erfüllte sein Herz mit grenzenloser Wärme. Lange blickte er dem jungen Arbeiter hinterher, wie er im Regen verschwand... + +{{< /columns >}} \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/content/luxun/MaiShuDeGuShi/_index.md b/content/luxun/MaiShuDeGuShi/_index.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..0473354 --- /dev/null +++ b/content/luxun/MaiShuDeGuShi/_index.md @@ -0,0 +1,24 @@ +--- +bookCollapseSection: true +type: docs +title: 1 Die Geschichte eines Buchkaufs 买书的故事 +--- + +# Die Geschichte eines Buchkaufs 买书的故事 + +![luxun front](./../../images/luxun/MaiShuDeGuShi/1-page-00001.jpg) + +{{< columns >}} + +买书的故事 + +绘画 胡克礼 + +<---> + +Die Geschichte eines Buchkaufs + +Illustrationen: Hu Keli + +{{< /columns >}} + diff --git a/content/luxun/YifuMukeDeGushi/B-page-01.md b/content/luxun/YifuMukeDeGushi/B-page-01.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..d919687 --- /dev/null +++ b/content/luxun/YifuMukeDeGushi/B-page-01.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +--- +title: Page 01 +--- + +![luxun front](../../../images/luxun/YifuMukeDeGushi/2-page-00001.jpg) + +{{< columns >}} + +鲁迅十分重视新兴木刻,认为这是“新的,年轻的,前进的”艺术,“为革命所需要”。他组织“朝花社”,介绍外国革命木刻,又主持木刻讲习会,亲自担任翻译,请外国友人传授木刻技艺。 + +<---> + +Lu Xun schätzte die neu aufkommende Holzschnittkunst sehr, er betrachtete sie als „neue, junge und fortschrittliche“ Kunstform „für die Revolution“. Er organisierte die „Morgenblüten-Gesellschaft“, machte revolutionäre Holzschnitte aus dem Ausland bekannt und richtete außerdem ein Seminar über Holzschnitte aus. Dort war er persönlich als Übersetzer tätig und lud einen befreundeten ausländischen Künstler ein, seine Fertigkeiten in der Holzschnittkunst weiterzugeben. + +{{< /columns >}} \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/content/luxun/YifuMukeDeGushi/B-page-02.md b/content/luxun/YifuMukeDeGushi/B-page-02.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..c1da2a6 --- /dev/null +++ b/content/luxun/YifuMukeDeGushi/B-page-02.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +--- +title: Page 02 +--- + +![luxun front](../../../images/luxun/YifuMukeDeGushi/3-page-00001.jpg) + +{{< columns >}} + +鲁迅还不辞辛苦,收集各国进步的原版木刻画,举办展览会,给爱好木刻的青年们观摩、学习。后来,又亲自将这些画翻印出来,送给从事新兴木刻运动的青年们。 + +<---> + +Lu Xun scheute auch sonst keine Mühen, er sammelte aus verschiedensten Ländern fortschrittliche Holzschnitte im Original und veranstaltete Ausstellungen, um jungen Menschen, die sich für den Holzschnitt begeisterten, Anschauungsmaterial zu bieten und davon zu lernen. Später ließ er diese Bilder persönlich reproduzieren und schenkte sie den jungen Leuten, die sich in der aufkeimenden Holzschnitt-Bewegung engagierten. + +{{< /columns >}} \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/content/luxun/YifuMukeDeGushi/B-page-03.md b/content/luxun/YifuMukeDeGushi/B-page-03.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..f64dc13 --- /dev/null +++ b/content/luxun/YifuMukeDeGushi/B-page-03.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +--- +title: Page 03 +--- + +![luxun front](../../../images/luxun/YifuMukeDeGushi/4-page-00001.jpg) + +{{< columns >}} + +在鲁迅的倡导和培育下,我国新兴的革命木刻如茁壮的幼芽,冲破国民党反动派的种种压迫,顽强地成长起来。不少青年组成了木刻团体,运用木刻这一武器,跟国民党反动派进京斗争。 + +<---> + +Durch Lu Xuns Initiative und Anleitung glich Chinas aufkeimender revolutionärer Holzschnitt einem kräftigen Sprössling, der jede Unterdrückung durch die Reaktionäre der Guomindang überwindet und unbeugsam wächst. Viele junge Menschen bildeten Holzschnitt-Gruppen und benutzten den Holzschnitt als Waffe im Kampf gegen die Reaktionäre der Guomindang. + +{{< /columns >}} \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/content/luxun/YifuMukeDeGushi/B-page-04.md b/content/luxun/YifuMukeDeGushi/B-page-04.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..9df77ab --- /dev/null +++ b/content/luxun/YifuMukeDeGushi/B-page-04.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +--- +title: Page 04 +--- + +![luxun front](../../../images/luxun/YifuMukeDeGushi/5-page-00001.jpg) + +{{< columns >}} + +一九三六年春天,鲁迅收到了一幅木刻和一封信。这是一个由于从事革命木刻而遭到反动派逮捕、拘禁的青年寄来的。 + +<---> + +Im Frühjahr 1936 erhielt Lu Xun einen Holzschnitt und einen Brief. Geschickt wurden sie ihm von einem jungen Mann, der sich dem revolutionären Holzschnitt widmete und aus diesem Grund von den Reaktionären festgenommen und eingesperrt worden war. + +{{< /columns >}} \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/content/luxun/YifuMukeDeGushi/B-page-05.md b/content/luxun/YifuMukeDeGushi/B-page-05.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..7d66ad7 --- /dev/null +++ b/content/luxun/YifuMukeDeGushi/B-page-05.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +--- +title: Page 05 +--- + +![luxun front](../../../images/luxun/YifuMukeDeGushi/6-page-00001.jpg) + +{{< columns >}} + +这副木刻正中是鲁迅的头像,像的四周是昏暗的夜,狂吠的狗,孤寂的荒坟;一支巨大的毛笔就象[sic]一杆钢枪,横扫着手握屠刀的吃人野兽。技术虽不成熟,但却渗透着对鲁迅的敬爱和对反动派的仇恨。 + +<---> + +Im Zentrum des Holzschnitts befand sich ein Porträt von Lu Xun. Es war umgeben von düsterer Nacht, wild bellenden Hunden und einsamen, verlassenen Gräbern; ein riesengroßer Pinsel, der einem Gewehr glich, fegte eine menschenfressende Bestie, die ein Schlachtmesser in der Hand hielt, davon. Zwar war die Technik noch nicht ausgereift, doch war das Bild voller Respekt und Liebe für Lu Xun und voller Verachtung gegenüber den Reaktionären. + +{{< /columns >}} \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/content/luxun/YifuMukeDeGushi/B-page-06.md b/content/luxun/YifuMukeDeGushi/B-page-06.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..58157bc --- /dev/null +++ b/content/luxun/YifuMukeDeGushi/B-page-06.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +--- +title: Page 06 +--- + +![luxun front](../../../images/luxun/YifuMukeDeGushi/7-page-00001.jpg) + +{{< columns >}} + +一九三二年,这个青年才十八岁,由于受到鲁迅倡导革命木刻的影响,他和几个青年组织了一个木刻社。一次,他刻了一幅外国文学家的肖像,被特务发现了。他和另外两个青年便遭到了逮捕。 + +<---> + +Im Jahr 1932, als der junge Mann gerade erst achtzehn Jahre alt gewesen war, hatte er unter dem Einfluss von Lu Xuns Initiative für den revolutionären Holzschnitt mit einigen anderen jungen Leuten eine Gesellschaft für auf die Beine gestellt. Einmal hatte er das Porträt eines ausländischen Schriftstellers geschnitzt, was von einem Spitzel entdeckt wurde. Er und zwei weitere junge Leute waren daraufhin festgenommen worden. + +{{< /columns >}} \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/content/luxun/YifuMukeDeGushi/B-page-07.md b/content/luxun/YifuMukeDeGushi/B-page-07.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..3134080 --- /dev/null +++ b/content/luxun/YifuMukeDeGushi/B-page-07.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +--- +title: Page 07 +--- + +![luxun front](../../../images/luxun/YifuMukeDeGushi/8-page-00001.jpg) + +{{< columns >}} + +在反动派的法庭上,伪法官气势汹汹地指着他刻的文学家肖像喝问:“这是谁?”他回答:“一个文学家。”法官嚎叫起来:“这明明是红军的军官,你还想赖?”于是,他被判了两年六个月的徒刑。 + +<---> + +Im Jahr 1932, als der junge Mann gerade erst achtzehn Jahre alt gewesen war, hatte er unter dem Einfluss von Lu Xuns Initiative für den revolutionären Holzschnitt mit einigen anderen jungen Leuten eine Gesellschaft für auf die Beine gestellt. Einmal hatte er das Porträt eines ausländischen Schriftstellers geschnitzt, was von einem Spitzel entdeckt wurde. Er und zwei weitere junge Leute waren daraufhin festgenommen worden. + +{{< /columns >}} \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/content/luxun/YifuMukeDeGushi/B-page-08.md b/content/luxun/YifuMukeDeGushi/B-page-08.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..7a2b98a --- /dev/null +++ b/content/luxun/YifuMukeDeGushi/B-page-08.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +--- +title: Page 08 +--- + +![luxun front](../../../images/luxun/YifuMukeDeGushi/9-page-00001.jpg) + +{{< columns >}} + +一九三五年初,青年受尽折磨之后出狱,在一个学校当教师。但他依然牢记着鲁迅的教导。业余,他又拿起了木刻刀。为了表彰鲁迅的战斗业绩,表达自己跟着鲁迅继续斗争的决心,他刻了这副木刻画。 + +<---> + +Zu Beginn des Jahres 1935 war der junge Mann dann, nachdem er nach einem qualvollen Gefängnisaufenthalt entlassen worden war, Lehrer an einer Schule geworden. Aber er hatte sich immer noch ganz genau an Lu Xuns Unterweisungen erinnert. In seiner Freizeit nahm er wieder das Schnitzmesser zur Hand. Um die Erfolge von Lu Xuns Kampf zu ehren und seine eigene Entschlossenheit auszudrücken, dessen Kampf fortzusetzen, hatte er diesen Holzschnitt angefertigt. + +{{< /columns >}} \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/content/luxun/YifuMukeDeGushi/B-page-09.md b/content/luxun/YifuMukeDeGushi/B-page-09.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..ccc7b38 --- /dev/null +++ b/content/luxun/YifuMukeDeGushi/B-page-09.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +--- +title: Page 09 +--- + +![luxun front](../../../images/luxun/YifuMukeDeGushi/10-page-00001.jpg) + +{{< columns >}} + +一九三五年夏天,全国木刻联合会在上海举办展览会的时候,主持者向他征求作品。他怀着向反动派示威的心情,决定把这副木刻送去,“让那些吃人的人看看!” + +<---> + +Im Sommer 1935, als die Nationale Holzschnitt-Vereinigung in Shanghai eine Ausstellung veranstaltete, hatten ihn die Veranstalter nach einem seiner Werke gefragt. Mit dem Gedanken daran, gegen die Reaktionäre zu protestieren, beschloss er, jenen Holzschnitt einzureichen, „um es diesen Menschenfressern zu zeigen!“ + +{{< /columns >}} \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/content/luxun/YifuMukeDeGushi/B-page-10.md b/content/luxun/YifuMukeDeGushi/B-page-10.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..9e99e24 --- /dev/null +++ b/content/luxun/YifuMukeDeGushi/B-page-10.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +--- +title: Page 10 +--- + +![luxun front](../../../images/luxun/YifuMukeDeGushi/11-page-00001.jpg) + +{{< columns >}} + +展览会正式展出前一天,国民党反动派市党部的老爷们来检查了。他们见到这幅木刻,仿佛就象\[sic\]受到鲁迅的严厉审判一样,害怕得\[sic\]发抖,哆嗦着说:“这,这幅画不行!”硬逼着主持人把这幅木刻剔去。 + +<---> + +Einen Tag vor der offiziellen Eröffnung der Ausstellung kamen die Herrschaften vom städtischen Parteibüro der reaktionären Guomindang zur Inspektion der Ausstellungsstücke. Als sie den Holzschnitt sahen, erschauderten sie vor Angst, als empfingen sie das strenge Urteil von Lu Xun, und sagten zitternd: „Dieses da, dieses Bild geht nicht!" Und so zwangen sie die Veranstalter, das Bild wieder abzuhängen. + +{{< /columns >}} \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/content/luxun/YifuMukeDeGushi/B-page-11.md b/content/luxun/YifuMukeDeGushi/B-page-11.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..6927b8e --- /dev/null +++ b/content/luxun/YifuMukeDeGushi/B-page-11.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +--- +title: Page 11 +--- + +![luxun front](../../../images/luxun/YifuMukeDeGushi/12-page-00001.jpg) + +{{< columns >}} + +展览会开幕了,青年找遍整个会场,没有发现他刻的《鲁迅像》。他向展览会主持人询问,主持人从抽屉里取出那幅《鲁迅像》,把国民党反动派检查老爷的卑劣行径告诉他,深情地说:“要知道,这是火,一团炽热的火啊!” + +<---> + +Die Ausstellung wurde eröffnet und der junge Mann suchte den gesamten Veranstaltungsort ab, konnte sein Lu Xun Porträt aber nicht finden. Er fragte den Ausstellungsleiter danach, dieser das Bild holte aus einer Schublade und erzählte ihm von der niederträchtigen Aktion der Inspekteure der Reaktionäre der Guomindang. Er sagte mitfühlend: „Du musst wissen, das ist Feuer, glühend heißes Feuer!“ + +{{< /columns >}} \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/content/luxun/YifuMukeDeGushi/B-page-12.md b/content/luxun/YifuMukeDeGushi/B-page-12.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..3adc875 --- /dev/null +++ b/content/luxun/YifuMukeDeGushi/B-page-12.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +--- +title: Page 12 +--- + +![luxun front](../../../images/luxun/YifuMukeDeGushi/13-page-00001.jpg) + +{{< columns >}} + +青年拿回了这幅被禁止展出的木刻,把它珍藏在箱子里。过了些时候,他打开箱子,忽然想到:为什么不把这幅木刻寄给鲁迅先生看看,把它的遭遇告诉鲁迅先生呢?于是他立即写了一封信,连同这幅木刻,一起寄给了鲁迅。 + +<---> + +Der junge Mann hatte das von der Ausstellung verbannte Bild zurückgenommen und gut in einer Kiste versteckt. Nach einiger Zeit öffnete er die Kiste wieder und hatte plötzlich eine Idee: Warum sollte er das Bild nicht an Lu Xun schicken und ihm erzählen, was dem Bild widerfahren ist? Also schrieb er sofort einen Brief und schickte ihn gemeinsam mit dem Bild an Lu Xun. + +{{< /columns >}} \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/content/luxun/YifuMukeDeGushi/B-page-13.md b/content/luxun/YifuMukeDeGushi/B-page-13.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..5b83318 --- /dev/null +++ b/content/luxun/YifuMukeDeGushi/B-page-13.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +--- +title: Page 13 +--- + +![luxun front](../../../images/luxun/YifuMukeDeGushi/14-page-00001.jpg) + +{{< columns >}} + +鲁迅看了信和木刻,十分气愤。他立即给这个青年写了回信,信上写道:“我要保存这一幅画,一者是因为是遭过艰难的青年的作品,二是因为留着党老爷的蹄痕,三,则由此也纪念一点现在的黑暗和挣扎。” + +<---> + +Als Lu Xun nun den Brief las und das Bild ansah, wurde er sehr wütend. Er verfasste sofort eine Antwort an den jungen Mann. Darin schrieb er: „Ich werde dieses Bild aufbewahren, erstens weil es das Werk eines jungen Mannes ist, der so viel erleiden musste, zweitens weil darauf die Inspekteure der Guomindang mit ihren Klauen Spuren hinterlassen haben und drittens auch zum Gedenken an die Dunkelheit und die Mühen der heutigen Zeit.“ + +{{< /columns >}} \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/content/luxun/YifuMukeDeGushi/B-page-14.md b/content/luxun/YifuMukeDeGushi/B-page-14.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..7e9a3a0 --- /dev/null +++ b/content/luxun/YifuMukeDeGushi/B-page-14.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +--- +title: Page 14 +--- + +![luxun front](../../../images/luxun/YifuMukeDeGushi/15-page-00001.jpg) + +{{< columns >}} + +不久,这个青年受鲁迅的邀请,来到鲁迅寓所,和鲁迅亲切交谈。鲁迅询问他的身世,青年向鲁迅倾诉多年来郁积在心中的愤恨和不平,也把一九三二年被国民党反动派逮捕和监禁的经过告诉了鲁迅。 + +<---> + +Nicht viel später erhielt der junge Mann Lu Xuns Einladung, ihn zu Hause zu besuchen und mit ihm ein persönliches Gespräch zu führen. Lu Xun fragte ihn zu seinem harten Los, und der junge Mann vertraute ihm die seit Jahren in ihm schwelende Verbitterung und seinen Kummer an, auch von der Festnahme und Inhaftierung durch die Reaktionäre der Guomindang im Jahr 1932 erzählte er Lu Xun. + +{{< /columns >}} \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/content/luxun/YifuMukeDeGushi/B-page-15.md b/content/luxun/YifuMukeDeGushi/B-page-15.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..cb30cdb --- /dev/null +++ b/content/luxun/YifuMukeDeGushi/B-page-15.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +--- +title: Page 15 +--- + +![luxun front](../../../images/luxun/YifuMukeDeGushi/16-page-00001.jpg) + +{{< columns >}} + +鲁迅听完这个青年的诉说,愤慨地说:“为了刻一张文学家的像,得了这样的罪,这是大黑暗,也是大笑话。”青年苦笑一下,说:“这次坐牢倒给我增加了不少知识,使我见到了那么多残酷刑罚,真是惨不忍睹……” + +<---> + +Als Lu Xun den Bericht des jungen Mannes angehört hatte, sagte er entrüstet: „Für das Schnitzen eines Schriftsteller-Porträts eine solche Strafe zu erhalten, das ist wirklich düster, aber auch total lächerlich.“ Der junge Mann lachte bitter auf und sagte: „Im Gefängnis habe ich unerwarteterweise vieles gelernt. Ich habe so viele brutale Strafen gesehen, es war wirklich nicht auszuhalten…“ + +{{< /columns >}} \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/content/luxun/YifuMukeDeGushi/B-page-16.md b/content/luxun/YifuMukeDeGushi/B-page-16.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..0c86019 --- /dev/null +++ b/content/luxun/YifuMukeDeGushi/B-page-16.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +--- +title: Page 16 +--- + +![luxun front](../../../images/luxun/YifuMukeDeGushi/17-page-00001.jpg) + +{{< columns >}} + +“最惨的是和我关在同一房间里的一个年青农民。反动派说他是红军军长,把缝衣针插进他的指甲缝里,插了一只又一只,十个指头都插满了,但是他至死不招。到现在,他那坚贞不屈的形象,还时刻浮现在我的眼前。” + +<---> + +„Am Schlimmsten erging es einem jungen Bauern, der mit mir in eine Zelle gesperrt war. Die Reaktionäre meinten, er wäre ein Offizier der Roten Armee, und so bohrten sie ihm Nähnadeln unter die Fingernägel, eine Nadel nach der anderen, an allen zehn Fingern, aber bis er starb, gab er kein Geständnis ab. Bis zum heutigen Tag ist mir sein entschlossener und unbeugsamer Ausdruck noch immer vor Augen.“ + +{{< /columns >}} \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/content/luxun/YifuMukeDeGushi/B-page-17.md b/content/luxun/YifuMukeDeGushi/B-page-17.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..006cb40 --- /dev/null +++ b/content/luxun/YifuMukeDeGushi/B-page-17.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +--- +title: Page 17 +--- + +![luxun front](../../../images/luxun/YifuMukeDeGushi/18-page-00001.jpg) + +{{< columns >}} + +青年还告诉鲁迅,他虽然被释放了,但还是很不自由,经常受到特务的监视,很感痛苦。鲁迅鼓励他说:“人生现在实在苦痛,但是我们总要战取光明,即使自己遇不到,也可以留给后来的!我们就这样的\[sic\]活下去吧!” + +<---> + +Der Jugendliche erzählte Lu Xun außerdem noch, dass er, obwohl er freigelassen wurde, trotzdem nicht sehr frei war und häufig von Spitzeln einer Spezialeinheit überwacht wurde, was ihn sehr quälte. Lu Xun sagte ermunternd zu ihm: „Das Leben heutzutage ist in der Tat eine Qual. Dennoch sollten wir stets zuversichtlich bleiben, und auch wenn wir gewisse Dinge nicht erreichen können, so können wir sie jenen übertragen, die nach uns kommen werden. Lass uns nach dieser Maxime weiterleben!“ + +{{< /columns >}} \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/content/luxun/YifuMukeDeGushi/B-page-18.md b/content/luxun/YifuMukeDeGushi/B-page-18.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..e13e563 --- /dev/null +++ b/content/luxun/YifuMukeDeGushi/B-page-18.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +--- +title: Page 18 +--- + +![luxun front](../../../images/luxun/YifuMukeDeGushi/19-page-00001.jpg) + +{{< columns >}} + +青年望着鲁迅坚定的目光,浑身热血沸腾,心里默默地说:“鲁迅先生,我一定听从您的教导,要战取光明,要这样活下去!”鲁迅又对青年说:“我要将你刚才说的情况写一篇文章,中国不能发表,就拿到外国去!” + +<---> + +Der junge Mann sah den entschlossenen Blick Lu Xuns, in ihm brodelte heißes Blut und innerlich sagte er zu ihm: „Werter Herr Lu Xun, ich werde Ihren Rat auf jeden Fall befolgen, zuversichtlich bleiben und genauso weiterleben!” Lu Xun wandte sich noch einmal an ihn und sagte: „Ich werde über alles, was du mir gerade erzählt hast, einen Artikel schreiben, und wenn er in China nicht erscheinen darf, dann eben im Ausland!“ + +{{< /columns >}} \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/content/luxun/YifuMukeDeGushi/B-page-19.md b/content/luxun/YifuMukeDeGushi/B-page-19.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..6e79ae2 --- /dev/null +++ b/content/luxun/YifuMukeDeGushi/B-page-19.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +--- +title: Page 19 +--- + +![luxun front](../../../images/luxun/YifuMukeDeGushi/20-page-00001.jpg) + +{{< columns >}} + +青年走后,鲁迅的心情久久不能平静。窗外一片漆黑,夜已深了。他提笔疾书。他要向全世界披露中国历史上最黑暗的一页,告诉人们中国的革命者正在这黑暗里浴血奋斗。于是,一篇犀利的杂文《写于深夜里》在斗争中诞生了。 + +<---> + +Nachdem der junge Mann gegangen war, kam Lu Xun lange nicht zur Ruhe. Vor seinem Fenster war es stockdunkel, es war schon mitten in der Nacht. Er nahm einen Stift zur Hand und schrieb schnell. Er wollte für die ganze Welt eine der dunkelsten Seiten der Geschichte Chinas enthüllen und den Menschen erzählen, dass sich die chinesischen Revolutionäre in einem blutigen Kampf befanden. So wurde der scharfsinnige Essay mit dem Titel “In tiefer Nacht geschrieben” aus dem Kampf heraus geboren. + +{{< /columns >}} \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/content/luxun/YifuMukeDeGushi/_index.md b/content/luxun/YifuMukeDeGushi/_index.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..82c7cf9 --- /dev/null +++ b/content/luxun/YifuMukeDeGushi/_index.md @@ -0,0 +1,25 @@ +--- +bookCollapseSection: true +type: docs +title: 2 Die Geschichte eines Holzschnitts 一幅木刻的故事 +--- + +# Die Geschichte eines Buchkaufs 一幅木刻的故事 + + +![luxun front](./../../images/luxun/YifuMukeDeGushi/1-page-00001.jpg) + +{{< columns >}} + +一幅木刻的故事 + +绘画 范一辛 + +<---> + +Die Geschichte eines Holzschnitts + +Illustrationen: Fan Yixin + +{{< /columns >}} + diff --git a/content/luxun/ZuihouYiciXunli/B-page-01.md b/content/luxun/ZuihouYiciXunli/B-page-01.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..a3b055d --- /dev/null +++ b/content/luxun/ZuihouYiciXunli/B-page-01.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +--- +title: Page 01 +--- + +![luxun front](../../../images/luxun/ZuihouYiciXunli/2-page-00001.jpg) + +{{< columns >}} + +一九三六年春天起,鲁迅不幸得了重病,经过检查,肺部已烂了四分之三,体重也不到四十公斤,身体很虚弱。但他在病中坚持和国民党反动派以及混入革命队伍内的“蛀虫”作斗争,同时关心着青年一代的成长。 + +<---> + +Seit dem Frühjahr des Jahres 1936 war Lu Xun leider schwer krank. Eine Untersuchung ergab, dass sein Lungengewebe bereits zu drei Vierteln zerstört war. Er wog keine 40 Kilogramm mehr und war sehr schwach. Doch trotz seiner Erkrankung kämpfte er weiter gegen die Reaktionäre der Guomindang und die „Schädlinge“, die in die revolutionären Truppen eigeschleust waren. Zugleich lag ihm die Entwicklung der jungen Generation am Herzen. + +{{< /columns >}} \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/content/luxun/ZuihouYiciXunli/B-page-02.md b/content/luxun/ZuihouYiciXunli/B-page-02.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..579b413 --- /dev/null +++ b/content/luxun/ZuihouYiciXunli/B-page-02.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +--- +title: Page 02 +--- + +![luxun front](../../../images/luxun/ZuihouYiciXunli/3-page-00001.jpg) + +{{< columns >}} + +十月八日,是“中华全国木刻第二回流动展览会”展出的最后一天。那天午后,鲁迅抱病赶去参观。他多年来呕心沥血培育的这株幼苗,在白色恐怖的威胁下,终于成长起来,并开出了一枝枝花朵,这怎能不使鲁迅高兴呢! + +<---> + +Der 8. Oktober war der letzte Ausstellungstag der „2. Landesweiten Wanderausstellung für chinesische Holzschnitte“. Am Nachmittag machte sich der kranke Lu Xun daher zügig auf den Weg zur Ausstellung. Viele Jahre hatte er all seine Kraft darauf verwendet die Schösslinge auszubilden, und nun waren diese unter der Bedrohung durch den weißen Terror endlich herangewachsen und hatten selbst Blüten getrieben. Wie hätte dies Lu Xun nicht glücklich machen können! + +{{< /columns >}} \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/content/luxun/ZuihouYiciXunli/B-page-03.md b/content/luxun/ZuihouYiciXunli/B-page-03.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..5df80e3 --- /dev/null +++ b/content/luxun/ZuihouYiciXunli/B-page-03.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +--- +title: Page 03 +--- + +![luxun front](../../../images/luxun/ZuihouYiciXunli/4-page-00001.jpg) + +{{< columns >}} + +鲁迅踏进会场,整个会场顿时轰动起来。一群木刻青年立刻围上来,热烈地向他问候,关切地询问他的健康状况。鲁迅坦率地回答:“不好,不好,今年九个月中,足足大病了六个月。”说着,又是一阵咳嗽,脸色很苍白。 + +<---> + +Als Lu Xun den Ausstellungssaal betrat, sorgte dies im ganzen Saal sofort für Aufsehen. Eine Gruppe junger Holzschnittkünstler gesellte sich sofort um ihn, grüßte ihn freundlich und fragte besorgt nach seinem Gesundheitszustand. Lu Xun antwortete geradeheraus: „Mir geht es nicht gut, wirklich nicht. Von neun Monaten war ich dieses Jahr ganze sechs Monate schwer krank.“ Als er das sagte, erlitt er einen weiteren Hustenanfall, und sein Gesicht war ganz blass. + +{{< /columns >}} \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/content/luxun/ZuihouYiciXunli/B-page-04.md b/content/luxun/ZuihouYiciXunli/B-page-04.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..c2571bd --- /dev/null +++ b/content/luxun/ZuihouYiciXunli/B-page-04.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +--- +title: Page 04 +--- + +![luxun front](../../../images/luxun/ZuihouYiciXunli/5-page-00001.jpg) + +{{< columns >}} + +青年们看着他那瘦弱的身躯,心里十分难过,都劝他坐下歇一会儿。鲁迅却径直向展品走去。他仔细观看挂在墙上的每一幅作品,当他看到这些青年刻苦创作的作品,确比过去有了进步时,脸上露出了欣慰的笑容。 + +<---> + +Lu Xuns schlechter Gesundheitszustand machte die jungen Leute ganz traurig. Sie drängten ihn sich hinzusetzen und sich eine Weile auszuruhen, doch Lu Xun ging geradewegs auf die Ausstellungsstücke zu. Er schaute sich jedes einzelne der Werke, die an der Wand hingen, genauestens an. Und als er die Werke sah, welche diese jungen Leute in mühsamer Arbeit erschaffen hatten, und feststellte, dass diese sich im Vergleich zu früher verbessert hatten, zeigte sich auf seinem Gesicht ein zufriedenes Lächeln. + +{{< /columns >}} \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/content/luxun/ZuihouYiciXunli/B-page-05.md b/content/luxun/ZuihouYiciXunli/B-page-05.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..2774403 --- /dev/null +++ b/content/luxun/ZuihouYiciXunli/B-page-05.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +--- +title: Page 05 +--- + +![luxun front](../../../images/luxun/ZuihouYiciXunli/6-page-00001.jpg) + +{{< columns >}} + +参观到一半,鲁迅顺手翻了一本意见簿,见上面写着“艺术之光”之类的捧场话,就说:“这是‘匾’。”青年们都笑了。他们领会鲁迅深刻的含意:盲目的捧场话如同高挂在厅堂前面歌功颂德的“匾”一样,对青年人是没有好处的。 + +<---> + +Als er sich die Ausstellung zur Hälfte angesehen hatte, blätterte Lu Xun beiläufig in einem Gästebuch zur Ausstellung. Er sah, dass darin lobende Worte wie „Der Ruhm der Kunst“ und Ähnliches eingetragen waren und sagte: „Das ist doch eine ‚Schrifttafel‘.“ Die jungen Leute lachten. Sie verstanden die tiefere Bedeutung von Lu Xuns Worten: Genau wie die Lobhudeleien einer ‚Schrifttafel‘, die hoch über dem Eingang zu einer Halle hängt, hatte blindes Lob für die jungen Leute keinerlei Nutzen. + +{{< /columns >}} \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/content/luxun/ZuihouYiciXunli/B-page-06.md b/content/luxun/ZuihouYiciXunli/B-page-06.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..1e59146 --- /dev/null +++ b/content/luxun/ZuihouYiciXunli/B-page-06.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +--- +title: Page 06 +--- + +![luxun front](../../../images/luxun/ZuihouYiciXunli/7-page-00001.jpg) + +{{< columns >}} + +大家再三请鲁迅休息,他才在一张藤椅上坐下。青年们见鲁迅脸色苍白,都劝他出国疗养。鲁迅微笑着回答:“我这种人是无法休养的。不写文章就不得过。与其不工作而多活几年,倒不如赶快工作而少活几年的好。” + +<---> + +Erst als sie ihn wiederholt gebeten hatten sich doch etwas auszuruhen, setzte sich Lu Xun auf einen Rattanstuhl. Die jungen Leute sahen die Blässe in Lu Xuns Gesicht und drängten ihn, sich doch im Ausland auszukurieren. Lu Xun lächelte und sagte: „Leute wie ich können sich nicht erholen. Ich kann gar nicht anders als zu schreiben. Lieber nicht zu arbeiten und dafür ein paar Jahre länger zu leben, das ist nicht so gut, als bei der Arbeit keine Zeit zu verlieren und dafür einige Jahre weniger zu leben. + +{{< /columns >}} \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/content/luxun/ZuihouYiciXunli/B-page-07.md b/content/luxun/ZuihouYiciXunli/B-page-07.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..02b3488 --- /dev/null +++ b/content/luxun/ZuihouYiciXunli/B-page-07.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +--- +title: Page 07 +--- + +![luxun front](../../../images/luxun/ZuihouYiciXunli/8-page-00001.jpg) + +{{< columns >}} + +接着,鲁迅把话题转到木刻上。他说:“创作,我是不会的,但介绍翻印之类,也还要干下去。”青年们清楚记得,鲁迅辛勤收集翻印了许多外国进步木刻画集,馈赠给他们。那一本本精美的木刻画集,浸透了鲁迅培育青年的多少心血! + +<---> + +Anschließend wechselte Lu Xun das Thema zu den Holzschnitten. Er sagte: „Kunstwerke erschaffen, das kann ich nicht, aber ich werde weiter Nachdrucke und Ähnliches vorstellen.“ Die jungen Leute erinnerten sich noch genau daran, dass Lu Xun in mühsamer Arbeit viele fortschrittliche Holzschnittsammlungen aus dem Ausland zusammengetragen und nachgeduckt und ihnen diese dann geschenkt hatte. Jede dieser hochwertigen Holzschnittsammlungen war durchtränkt von Lu Xuns Herzblut zur Förderung der Jugend! + +{{< /columns >}} \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/content/luxun/ZuihouYiciXunli/B-page-08.md b/content/luxun/ZuihouYiciXunli/B-page-08.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..7f3174b --- /dev/null +++ b/content/luxun/ZuihouYiciXunli/B-page-08.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +--- +title: Page 08 +--- + +![luxun front](../../../images/luxun/ZuihouYiciXunli/9-page-00001.jpg) + +{{< columns >}} + +休息之后,鲁迅精神似乎好了些,又兴致勃勃地继续参观。他细心倾听着青年木刻作者的介绍,并随时提出自己的意见。鲁迅赞扬那些表现了工农群众斗争精神的作品,恳切地指出某些作品观察不深,刀法失当的缺点。 + +<---> + +Nach der Pause ging es Lu Xun dem Anschein nach etwas besser und er setzte seinen Ausstellungsbesuch mit großer Begeisterung fort. Er hörte den Erklärungen der jungen Holzschnittkünstler aufmerksam zu und teilte ihnen immer wieder seine Ansichten dazu mit. Lu Xun lobte die Werke, die den Kampfgeist der Massen der Arbeiter und Bauern ausstrahlten, wies aber auch offen auf Mängel in einigen der Werke hin, wie etwa eine nur oberflächliche Beobachtungsgabe oder eine unzureichende Handfertigkeit beim Schnitzen. + +{{< /columns >}} \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/content/luxun/ZuihouYiciXunli/B-page-09.md b/content/luxun/ZuihouYiciXunli/B-page-09.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..8834ccc --- /dev/null +++ b/content/luxun/ZuihouYiciXunli/B-page-09.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +--- +title: Page 09 +--- + +![luxun front](../../../images/luxun/ZuihouYiciXunli/10-page-00001.jpg) + +{{< columns >}} + +夜幕徐徐降临了,鲁迅这才和大家告别。青年们望着鲁迅渐渐远去的瘦弱身影,不禁想起他“横眉冷对千夫指,俯首甘为孺子牛”的著名诗句,想起他几十年的战斗历程。他们的眼眶湿润了。 + +<---> + +Erst als langsam die Nacht hereinbrach, verabschiedete sich Lu Xun sich von allen. Und als die jungen Leute Lu Xuns schwacher und magerer Gestalt hinterherblickten, die sich nach und nach immer weiter entfernte, da mussten sie an einen berühmten Vers eines seiner Gedichte denken: „Mit grimmigem Blick biete ich tausend auf mich gerichteten Fingern die Stirn, mit gesenktem Kopf diene ich den Menschen“. Auch dachten sie an seinen jahrzehntelangen Kampf. Und ihre Augen waren voller Tränen. + +{{< /columns >}} \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/content/luxun/ZuihouYiciXunli/_index.md b/content/luxun/ZuihouYiciXunli/_index.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..3a05c5b --- /dev/null +++ b/content/luxun/ZuihouYiciXunli/_index.md @@ -0,0 +1,26 @@ +--- +bookCollapseSection: true +type: docs +title: 3 Der letzte Besuch 最后一次巡礼 +--- + +# Der letzte Besuch 最后一次巡礼 + + +![luxun front](./../../images/luxun/ZuihouYiciXunli/1-page-00001.jpg) + +{{< columns >}} + +最后一次巡礼 + +绘画 盛增祥 + +<---> + +Der letzte Besuch + +Illustrationen: Sheng Zengxiang + +{{< /columns >}} + + diff --git a/content/luxun/_index.md b/content/luxun/_index.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..4c9be52 --- /dev/null +++ b/content/luxun/_index.md @@ -0,0 +1,75 @@ +--- +bookCollapseSection: true +type: docs +title: Geschichten über Lu Xun und Junge Leute - Lu Xun und die chinesische Holzschnitt Bewegung 鲁迅和青年的故事 +--- + +# Geschichten über Lu Xun und Junge Leute - Lu Xun und die chinesische Holzschnitt Bewegung 鲁迅和青年的故事 + +Einleitung zu den Comics und Erläuterung der Übersetzung: +Lena Henningsen + + +Gegen Ende seines Lebens bemühte sich der chinesische Schriftsteller Lu Xun 鲁迅 (1881-1936) um die Holzschnitt-Bewegung in China. Er sah das große ästhetische und politische Potenzial in dieser Kunstform: Mit ihrer Ausdrucksstärke konnte sie den Betrachter direkt ansprechen, aufgrund ihrer Reproduzierbarkeit war sie geeignet, einer breiteren Zuschauerschaft ästhetisches Erleben zu ermöglichen und diese gar zu mobilisieren. Lu Xun sammelte Holzschnitte von europäischen Künstlern wie Frans Masereel oder Käthe Kollwitz, deren Werk „Die Mutter" in der Ausstellung in „Die Geschichte eines Holzschnitts" (Fan 1976) im Hintergrund des zweiten Panels zu sehen ist, wenn auch überproportional groß. Lu Xun ließ diese Werke reproduzieren, ausstellen und in Zeitschriften veröffentlichen, und er organisierte einen Workshop für junge Künstler: ein japanischer Künstler -- der Bruder von Lu Xuns Freund, dem Buchhändler Uchiyama Kanzō -- unterrichtete junge chinesische Künstler, Lu Xun übersetzte. + +Von Lu Xuns Bemühen um einen modernen, politischen Holzschnitt handeln zwei der drei hier vorgestellten chinesischen Comics, der erste spielt vor dem Hintergrund von Lu Xuns Übersetzertätigkeit sowie im Buchladen des besagten Freunds. Damit zeigen die Comics tatsächliche Episoden aus dem Leben des berühmten Schriftstellers. Der Realitätsbezug wird auch dadurch verstärkt, dass konkrete Szenerien -- der Buchladen oder der Ausstellungsraum -- detailgetreu und realitätsnah dargestellt werden, wie ein Vergleich mit Fotographien aus der Zeit bezeugt. Auch finden sich Zitate von realen Bildern in den Comics, neben dem erwähnten Kollwitz-Bild lässt sich auch das Porträt von Lu Xun in „Geschichte eines Holzschnitts" auf das Original von Cao Bai zurückverfolgen. Die Comics lassen sich einbetten in Diskurse um Lu Xuns Bemühen um diese Kunstform, um eine Verbreitung von Comics als Mittel zur Modernisierung des Landes, sowie um das intellektuelle und literarische Vermächtnis des Schriftstellers (Tang 2007, Davies 2013, Fogel 2019, Graf 2023, Baker, Ginsberg 2020, Goldman 1982, Holm 1985, Lee 1985, Liu 2019, Gu 2019). + +Die *lianhuanhua* schildern also drei Episoden gegen Ende des Lebens von Lu Xun. Sie tun dies aus der Perspektive des Sommers 1976, in dem die hier übersetzten Comics in einem kleinen Sammelband mit dem Titel *Geschichten über Lu Xun und Junge Leute* (鲁迅和青年的故事, Shi 1976) veröffentlicht wurden, also gegen Ende der Kulturrevolution. Damit steht der Band auch an einer Umbruchsstelle in der Entwicklung chinesischer Comics: Im Bewusstsein um die Effizienz von Comics in der Vermittlung von Wissen und Ideologie, förderte die Kommunistische Partei (KP) *lianhuanhua* massiv. *Lianhuanhua* zählen zu den wissenschaftlich noch wenig untersuchten, aber gesellschaftlich besonders weit verbreiteten Medien im China der Mao-Zeit sowie der frühen Post-Mao Ära. Während in der Kulturrevolution weiterhin *lianhuanhua* produziert wurden, erlitten aber gleichzeitig zahlreiche Comic-Künstler politische Verfolgung und konnten nicht zeichnen oder publizieren. In ihrer künstlerischen Vielfalt, aber auch in ihrer Themenwahl können die hier vorliegenden Geschichten damit auf vielerlei Weise gelesen werden: als Huldigung des vielleicht wichtigsten chinesischen. Schriftstellers des 20. Jahrhunderts; als eine Auseinandersetzung mit dem Verhältnis zwischen den Generationen; als eine Auseinandersetzung mit den Aufgaben und Rollen von Schriftstellern und Künstlern; als eine Auseinandersetzung mit dem Verhältnis zwischen Politik und Kunst; und als eine Auseinandersetzung mit dem Medium Comic, genauer: *lianhuanhua*, und der Rolle des Holzschnitts. + +Eine Reihe von Topoi, Details und sprachlichen Wendungen im Text verorten die Comics dabei klar in den späten 1970ern: + +In der Summe stellen alle Geschichten aus *Geschichten über Lu Xun und Junge Leute* -- auch die hier nicht vorliegenden -- Lu Xun als einen fürsorglichen Mentor für junge Leute dar, seien diese Künstler, Studierende, oder -- wie in „Die Geschichte eines Buchkaufs" (Hu 1976) -- einfache Arbeiter. Dieser Fokus steht im Einklang mit anderen Beschreibungen von Lu Xun, verdient aber im Jahr 1976 besondere Aufmerksamkeit: Die Geschichten wurden im August 1976 veröffentlicht, unmittelbar vor dem Ende der Kulturrevolution, in der Mao Zedong die Jugend des Landes angeleitet hatte, sich gegen Autoritäten und die ältere Generation (Eltern, Lehrer...) zu wenden. Später hatte Mao dieselben Jugendlichen dann im Rahmen der Landverschickungskampagne aufs Land geschickt, wo sie zum Teil selber vielfach Leid erlebten. Die Geschichten lassen eine Neudefinition im Umgang von Jung und Alt erkennen, sie stellen Lu Xun als Mentor der Jugend dar. Der Umgang miteinander ist geprägt von wechselseitigem Wohlwollen, Respekt und Sorge. + +„Die Geschichte eines Holzschnitts" behandelt nicht nur das repressive politische Klima im China der 1930er Jahre und Lu Xuns Rolle für die Entwicklung dieser Kunstform in China. Sie kann auch gelesen werden als eine Metapher für die Unterdrückung von Künstlern durch die KP während der Kulturrevolution. Dem Comic liegen die reale Geschichte von Cao Bai zugrunde, das von ihm gestaltete Porträt von Lu Xun, sowie Lu Xuns Aufsatz „In Tiefer Nacht Geschrieben" (1936, für eine Übersetzung, siehe: Lu Xun 2017: 288-292). Der Leser mag sich aber auch fragen, ob die Autoren des Comics mit der Geschichte nicht auch über die harsche, gewalttätige und ungerechte Verfolgung nachdachten, der viele Künstler während der Kulturrevolution ausgesetzt gewesen waren. + +Gleichzeitig spiegeln die Geschichten durchaus einen Lu Xun wieder, wie er in den vorausgegangenen Jahrzehnten von der Propaganda der KP dargestellt wurde, als einen Kämpfer für die Sache des Kommunismus, ein Kämpfer, der den Stift als Waffe in den Kampf führte, und der ohne zu schwanken an der Seite der KP stand -- ungeachtet Lu Xuns deutlich ambivalenterer Haltung gegenüber der Doktrin der KP im echten Leben. Neben der kulturrevolutionär geprägten Sprache (etwa wenn die Gegner auf der Seite der Guomindang als „Reaktionäre" bezeichnet werden), verweisen auch die intertextuellen Bezüge auf die offizielle Doktrin: In „Die Geschichte eines Buchkaufs" etwa verschenkt Lu Xun zwei Bücher, das von ihm übersetzte Werk *Die Neunzehn* von Alexander Fadeyev, sowie *Der Eiserne Strom* von Serafimovich. Beide Titel sind Übersetzungen aus dem Russischen und zählen zum Kanon des sozialistischen Realismus, der auch in China weit propagiert wurde. *Die Neunzehn* finden sogar Erwähnung in Mao Zedongs Yan'aner (Reden aus dem Jahr 1942 (Denton 2016, Mao, McDougall 1980), in der er die bis heute gültige Doktrin für Literatur und Kunst festschrieb: Literatur und Kunst existieren nicht um ihrer selbst willen, sondern haben der Politik zu dienen, sprich: der Politik der KP. Als positives Beispiel verweist Mao auf Fadeyev -- sowie wiederholt auf Lu Xun. Die herausragende Position von Lu Xun wird auch dadurch betont, dass Mao seine Rede mit einem Zweizeiler von Lu Xun beschließt, mit dem er die Unterordnung des Künstlers unter das Volk illustriert: + +> Mit grimmigem Blick biete ich tausend auf mich gerichteten Fingern die Stirn, +> +> mit gesenktem Kopf diene ich den Menschen. + +Diese politische Interpretation des Gedichts entspricht nicht unbedingt der dichterischen Intention (Davies 2020); aufgrund der vielfachen Wiederveröffentlichung der Yananer Reden aber sind die Gedichtzeilen weit über ihren Ursprungskontext bekannt und werden vielfach zitiert -- sowohl im *Tagebuch von Lei Feng* (Henningsen 2022), als auch auf der letzten Seite der hier übersetzten Geschichte „Der Letzte Besuch" (Sheng 1976): Die jungen Künstler sehen Lu Xun hinterher, der im Nieselregen verschwindet. Sie haben einen von der Krankheit gezeichneten Lu Xun erlebt -- der aber noch immer Energie ausstrahlte, der weiterhin seine ganze (verbleibende) Kraft in den Dienst der guten Sache, des Kampfes stellen will. Und sie scheinen zu ahnen, dass dies ein Abschied für immer ist, schließlich stirbt Lu Xun nur wenige Tage nach seinem Ausstellungsbesuch. So passend das zitierte Gedicht in der Situation scheint: Angesichts der weiten postumen Verbreitung der Zeilen durch die Yananer Reden sind sie ebenso ein Zitat von Lu Xun, das den jungen Leuten in ihre Gedanken gelegt wird, wie auch ein Zitat von Mao Zedong, der wiederum nur wenige Wochen nach der Veröffentlichung dieses Comics sterben würde. So sehr die Comics die Unterdrückung durch den politischen Gegner anprangern (eine Unterdrückung, die auch gelesen werden kann als eine Spiegelung der Unterdrückung, der viele Künstler während der Kulturrevolution ausgesetzt waren!), so bekräftigen die Geschichten mit diesem Zitat am Ende doch das Supremat der KP über künstlerisches Schaffen in der Volksrepublik China des Jahres 1976. + +Eine Anmerkung zur Übersetzung: die Texte verwenden die Partikel 得, 地 und 的 nicht entsprechend des heutigen Standardgebrauchs, aber durchaus entsprechend der Gepflogenheiten der späten 1970er. Das Gleiche gilt für das Schriftzeichen anstelle 象 von 像. Wir haben diese Stellen entsprechend in der Transkription markiert, aber nicht korrigiert. + +Die vorliegenden Übersetzungen wurden unter der Leitung von Dominik Weihrauch von Studierenden der Freien Universität Berlin im Rahmen des Masterkurses „Fortgeschrittenes Chinesisch 2" erstellt: Großer Dank an Johannes Nentwig (hauptverantwortlich für „Die Geschichte eines Holzschnitts"), Carolina Franke, Carla Nikolaus. + +## Zitierte Literatur: + +Baker, David, Mary Ginsberg 2020 \[eds.\]: *Lu Xun's Legacy: Printmaking in Modern China: An Exhibition of Prints from the Muban Educational Trust*, London: Muban Educational Trust. + +Davies, Gloria 2013: *Lu Xun's Revolution: Writing in a Time of Violence,* Cambridge, Harvard University Press. + +Davies, Gloria 2020: "Lu Xun in 1960: On Valuing a Maoist Icon", in: *Critical Inquiry*, 46, 515-535. + +Denton, Kirk, A. 2016: "Literature and Politics: Mao Zedong's 'Yan'an Talks' and Party Rectification", in: Kirk A. Denton \[ed.\]: *The Columbia Companion to Modern Chinese Literature*, New York: Columbia University Press, 224-230. + +Goldman, Merle 1982: "The Political Use of Lu Xun", in: *The China Quarterly*, 91, 446-461. + +Graf, Emily M. 2023: *Lu Xun on Display: Memory, Space and Media in the Making of World Literary Heritage or The Materiality of World Literary Heritage: Memory, Space and Media in the Making of Lu Xun*, Heidelberg: University of Heidelberg. + +Fan Yixin 范一辛 (Illustration), Shi Zhongpei 史中培 (Adaptation) 1976: "Die Geschichte eines Holzschnitts" 一幅木刻的故事, in: Shi Zhongpei 史中培: *Geschichten über Lu Xun und Junge Leute* 鲁迅和青年的故事, Shanghai: Shanghai renmin chubanshe, 1-19. + +Fogel, Joshua A. 2019: *A Friend in Deed: Lu Xun, Uchiyama Kanzo, and the Intellectual World of Shanghai on the Eve of War*, Ann Arbor: Asia Shorts. + +Henningsen, Lena 2022: "Chairman Mao's Good Reader: Mise en abyme in *The Diary of Lei Feng*", in: *ReadChina Interventions*, Oct. 1, 2022, No. 3, , last access 2022-11-01. + +Holm, David 1985: "Lu Xun in the Period of 1936-1949: The Making of a Chinese Gorki", in: Lee, Leo Ou-fan \[ed.\]: *Lu Xun and his Legacy*, Los Angeles: University of California Press, 153-179. + +Hu Keli 胡克礼 (Illustration), Shi Zhongpei 史中培 (Adaptation) 1976: "Die Geschichte eins Buchkaufs" 买书的故事, in: Shi Zhongpei 史中培: *Geschichten über Lu Xun und Junge Leute* 鲁迅和青年的故事, Shanghai: Shanghai renmin chubanshe, 1-13. + +Gu, Ming Dong 2019: "Lu Xun's Writings: Modernizing Chinese language and consciousness", in: Gu, Ming Dong \[ed.\]: *Routledge Handbook of Modern Chinese Literature*, Oxon: Routledge, 23-35. + +Lee, Leo Ou-fan \[ed.\] 1985: *Lu Xun and his Legacy*, Los Angeles: University of California Press. + +Liu, Yiwen 2019: "Witnessing Death: The Circulation of Lu Xun's Postmortem Image", in: *Circulation*, 9/2, , last access 2022-06-10. + +Lu Xun 2017: *Jottings under Lamplight* (edited. by Eileen J. Cheng and Kirk A. Denton), Cambridge: Harvard University Press. + +Mao Zedong, edited by Bonnie McDougall 1980: *Talks at the Yan\'an Conference on Literature and Art*, University of Michigan. + +Sheng Zengxiang 盛增祥 (Illustration), Shi Zhongpei 史中培 (Adaptation) 1976: "Der Letzte Besuch" 最后一次巡礼, in: Shi Zhongpei 史中培: *Geschichten über Lu Xun und Junge Leute* 鲁迅和青年的故事, Shanghai: Shanghai renmin chubanshe, 1-10. + +Shi Zhongpei 史中培1976: *Geschichten über Lu Xun und Junge Leute* 鲁迅和青年的故事, Shanghai: Shanghai renmin chubanshe. + +Tang, Xiaobing 2007: *Origins of the Chinese Avant-Garde: The Modern Woodcut Movement*, Berkeley: University of California Press. diff --git a/content/luxun/luxun-cover.md b/content/luxun/luxun-cover.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..e5a7917 --- /dev/null +++ b/content/luxun/luxun-cover.md @@ -0,0 +1,7 @@ +--- +title: 0 Front and back cover +--- + +![luxun cover](./../../images/luxun/front-page-00001.jpg) + +![luxun cover](./../../images/luxun/back-page-00001.jpg) diff --git a/content/luxun/luxun-front.md b/content/luxun/luxun-front.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..3895dac --- /dev/null +++ b/content/luxun/luxun-front.md @@ -0,0 +1,5 @@ +--- +title: 0 Frontmatter +--- + +![luxun front](./../../images/luxun/headPage-page-00001.jpg) diff --git a/content/niqiu/B-cover.md b/content/niqiu/B-cover.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..9760d66 --- /dev/null +++ b/content/niqiu/B-cover.md @@ -0,0 +1,7 @@ +--- +title: Front and back cover +--- + +![niqiu cover](./../../images/niqiu/seifert0397_nqkg_0001_0.jpg) + +![niqiu cover](./../../images/niqiu/seifert0397_nqkg_0062_0.jpg) diff --git a/content/niqiu/B-front.md b/content/niqiu/B-front.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..9db0562 --- /dev/null +++ b/content/niqiu/B-front.md @@ -0,0 +1,5 @@ +--- +title: Frontmatter +--- + +![niqiu front](./../../images/niqiu/seifert0397_nqkg_0003_0.jpg) diff --git a/content/niqiu/B-page-01.md b/content/niqiu/B-page-01.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..deafdef --- /dev/null +++ b/content/niqiu/B-page-01.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +--- +title: Page 01 +--- + +![niqiu page](./../../images/niqiu/seifert0397_nqkg_0005_001.jpg) + +{{< columns >}} + +抗日战争时期,河北省乐亭县靠滦河的东岸,有一个张家庄,是抗日根据地的边沿区。这个庄的抗日组织在共产党的领导下,按照毛主席的军事路线,积极开展抗日斗争。 + +<---> + +During the War of Resistance Against Japan, there was a place named Zhangjia Village, located on the east bank of the Luan River in Laoting County, which was in the border area of an anti-Japanese base. The village's anti-Japanese organization was under the leadership of the Communist Party and actively carried out the anti-Japanese struggle in accordance with Chairman Mao's military line. + +{{< /columns >}} diff --git a/content/niqiu/B-page-02.md b/content/niqiu/B-page-02.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..ba06bac --- /dev/null +++ b/content/niqiu/B-page-02.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +--- +title: Page 02 +--- + +![niqiu page](./../../images/niqiu/seifert0397_nqkg_0006_002.jpg) + +{{< columns >}} + +一九四二年夏天,盘踞在河西据点里的日寇,特务,伪军,经常出来抓老百姓,抢东西。村里人都恨透了这帮坏蛋。有一天,敌人到河东“讨伐”。把抗属张大爷种的一亩西瓜凡熟的都给抢吃了,临走还把他打了一顿。 + +<---> + +In the summer of 1942, Japanese invaders, spies, and puppet soldiers were stationed on the west side of the Luan River and often came out to take captive civilians and steal their things. Everyone in the village detested these bastards. One day, the enemy arrived at the east side of the river to "punish" the locals. They robbed and ate all the ripe watermelons on the patch of Uncle Zhang, a military dependent. Before leaving, they even beat him up. + +{{< /columns >}} diff --git a/content/niqiu/B-page-03.md b/content/niqiu/B-page-03.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..75e0352 --- /dev/null +++ b/content/niqiu/B-page-03.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +--- +title: Page 03 +--- + +![niqiu page](./../../images/niqiu/seifert0397_nqkg_0007_003.jpg) + +{{< columns >}} + +张大爷连伤带气,一病就起不来炕。那块西瓜地也就没人收拾了。 + +<---> + +Uncle Zhang was injured and annoyed, and he was bedridden. Also, no one was able to tidy up the watermelon patch. + +{{< /columns >}} diff --git a/content/niqiu/B-page-04.md b/content/niqiu/B-page-04.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..c969e2f --- /dev/null +++ b/content/niqiu/B-page-04.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +--- +title: Page 04 +--- + +![niqiu page](./../../images/niqiu/seifert0397_nqkg_0008_004.jpg) + +{{< columns >}} + +村干部研究了一下,决定委托儿童团看管瓜田。儿童团把这个任务交给了一个最勇敢而又有斗争经验的团员——泥鳅。 + +<---> + +Therefore, the village cadres discussed the matter and decided to entrust the Children's Corps to take care of the melon patch. The Children's Corps then gave this task to one of the bravest and most experienced League members: Niqiu. + +{{< /columns >}} diff --git a/content/niqiu/B-page-05.md b/content/niqiu/B-page-05.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..96d8dea --- /dev/null +++ b/content/niqiu/B-page-05.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +--- +title: Page 05 +--- + +![niqiu page](./../../images/niqiu/seifert0397_nqkg_0009_005.jpg) + +{{< columns >}} + +瓜地和村子隔着半里路宽的一个大水坑,坑里长着芦苇。泥鳅是穷人家的孩子,从小就学会了干活。他的水量很大,自从接受了看瓜的任务后,他每天都游水过去,照料西瓜。 + +<---> + +The watermelon patch and the village were separated by a big water pond, half a mile wide with reeds growing inside. Niqiu came from a poor family and had learned to work hard since he was a small kid. He was a good swimmer, so after he had accepted responsibility to protect the melons, he swam over each day to tend to the watermelons. + +{{< /columns >}} diff --git a/content/niqiu/B-page-06.md b/content/niqiu/B-page-06.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..adc0077 --- /dev/null +++ b/content/niqiu/B-page-06.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +--- +title: Page 06 +--- + +![niqiu page](./../../images/niqiu/seifert0397_nqkg_0010_006.jpg) + +{{< columns >}} + +泥鳅到了地理,总是闲不住,不是打瓜蔓,就是剜地蚕,嘴里还喊着:“沙瓤的大西瓜,谁吃谁甜掉牙!” + +<---> + +At the patch, Niqiu always was busy. When he was not cutting the melon vines, he was picking out earthworms, all the while shouting: "A huge watermelon full of mushy pulp sweetens everyone's life!" + +{{< /columns >}} diff --git a/content/niqiu/B-page-07.md b/content/niqiu/B-page-07.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..106da18 --- /dev/null +++ b/content/niqiu/B-page-07.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +--- +title: Page 07 +--- + +![niqiu page](./../../images/niqiu/seifert0397_nqkg_0011_007.jpg) + +{{< columns >}} + +由于泥鳅热心的收拾,又赶上雨水勤,瓜蔓爬满了地,小瓜又顶上来了,不到半月时间,个个长得比量米的柳条斗子还大。 + +<---> + +Because of Niqiu's enthusiastic work, and the frequent rainfalls, the melon vines crawled over the whole field and the small watermelons began to grow again. Before half a month had passed, they had all grown even bigger than Niqiu's wicker basket. + +{{< /columns >}} diff --git a/content/niqiu/B-page-08.md b/content/niqiu/B-page-08.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..b537247 --- /dev/null +++ b/content/niqiu/B-page-08.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +--- +title: Page 08 +--- + +![niqiu page](./../../images/niqiu/seifert0397_nqkg_0012_008.jpg) + +{{< columns >}} + +村里帮着泥鳅把熟了的西瓜及时摘下来,拉到集上卖掉,用卖瓜的钱给张大爷买药、治病。 + +<---> + +The village people helped Niqiu pick the ripe watermelons in time and brought them to the market to sell them. With the money they earned, they bought medicine for Uncle Zhang and cured his injuries. + +{{< /columns >}} diff --git a/content/niqiu/B-page-09.md b/content/niqiu/B-page-09.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..b36f2b3 --- /dev/null +++ b/content/niqiu/B-page-09.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +--- +title: Page 09 +--- + +![niqiu page](./../../images/niqiu/seifert0397_nqkg_0013_009.jpg) + +{{< columns >}} + +一天,泥鳅把一个熟透了的大西瓜摘下来,洑着水把瓜运到张大爷家里。 + +<---> + +One day, Niqiu picked a very ripe watermelon. He took it to Uncle Zhang's home by letting it float down the water. + +{{< /columns >}} diff --git a/content/niqiu/B-page-10.md b/content/niqiu/B-page-10.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..6bbd667 --- /dev/null +++ b/content/niqiu/B-page-10.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +--- +title: Page 10 +--- + +![niqiu page](./../../images/niqiu/seifert0397_nqkg_0014_010.jpg) + +{{< columns >}} + +这时,张大爷的病已好多了,他见泥鳅送了瓜来,便高兴得一骨碌坐起来。泥鳅抱着大西瓜,叫他尝尝。 + +<---> + +By then, Uncle Zhang was feeling a lot better. When he saw Niqiu bringing the watermelon, he sat up, rejoicing. Niqiu held the huge watermelon in his arms and asked Uncle Zhang to try it. + +{{< /columns >}} diff --git a/content/niqiu/B-page-11.md b/content/niqiu/B-page-11.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..19e01b6 --- /dev/null +++ b/content/niqiu/B-page-11.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +--- +title: Page 11 +--- + +![niqiu page](./../../images/niqiu/seifert0397_nqkg_0015_011.jpg) + +{{< columns >}} + +张大爷接过瓜,把瓜贴在耳朵上,听了又拍,拍了又听,嘴里不住称赞:“好瓜!好瓜!这瓜给多少钱也不卖,留着做种。” + +<---> + +After Uncle Zhang took the melon, he held it very close to his ear, listening and patting, patting and listening. He could not stop praising: "Such a good watermelon! Such a good watermelon! No matter how much money they give us, we're not selling this one. We keep it for making seeds." + +{{< /columns >}} diff --git a/content/niqiu/B-page-12.md b/content/niqiu/B-page-12.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..3d96905 --- /dev/null +++ b/content/niqiu/B-page-12.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +--- +title: Page 12 +--- + +![niqiu page](./../../images/niqiu/seifert0397_nqkg_0016_012.jpg) + +{{< columns >}} + +泥鳅拿起刀,在西瓜把儿上,“嗖” 地一旋,碗大的一块西瓜皮掉下来,露出鸡冠子色的沙瓤,瓤里包着油亮亮的黑籽。他们都用小勺挖着吃,把西瓜籽吐出来留作籽用。 + +<---> + +Niqiu picked up a knife, and -- WHOOSH -- let it down on the watermelon. A large piece of the watermelon fell off and revealed the cockscomb-coloured melon pulp, which was covered with shiny black seeds. They both dug out some pulp with small spoons and ate it, spitting out the watermelon seeds in order to use them as seeds. + +{{< /columns >}} diff --git a/content/niqiu/B-page-13.md b/content/niqiu/B-page-13.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..64e3aa5 --- /dev/null +++ b/content/niqiu/B-page-13.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +--- +title: Page 13 +--- + +![niqiu page](./../../images/niqiu/seifert0397_nqkg_0017_013.jpg) + +{{< columns >}} + +吃完瓜,泥鳅抱着掏空了的大西瓜皮,在西瓜皮上挖了两个小洞,把西瓜皮往头上一套,象个大头娃娃似的,扭搭起秧歌,到坑沿上去了。 + +<---> + +After eating the melon, Niqiu held the hollowed-out watermelon skin, cut two small holes into it and put the watermelon peel on his head, so he looked like a big-headed doll. Dancing a Yangge, he went to the edge of the water pond. + +{{< /columns >}} diff --git a/content/niqiu/B-page-14.md b/content/niqiu/B-page-14.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..6eef7c5 --- /dev/null +++ b/content/niqiu/B-page-14.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +--- +title: Page 14 +--- + +![niqiu page](./../../images/niqiu/seifert0397_nqkg_0018_014.jpg) + +{{< columns >}} + +泥鳅来到了水坑边上,水坑里有很多洗澡玩的孩子,扑通扑通地打着水。泥鳅悄悄地往水里一钻,只有一个套在头上的大西瓜皮留在水面上。 + +<---> + +When Niqiu came to the edge of the water pond, a lot of children were washing and playing in the water, splashing the water. Niqiu quietly waded into the water, only the watermelon peel was visible on the surface. + +{{< /columns >}} diff --git a/content/niqiu/B-page-15.md b/content/niqiu/B-page-15.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..8388e74 --- /dev/null +++ b/content/niqiu/B-page-15.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +--- +title: Page 15 +--- + +![niqiu page](./../../images/niqiu/seifert0397_nqkg_0019_015.jpg) + +{{< columns >}} + +一个孩子眼尖,站在水里喊道:“看那有个大西瓜,大西瓜!”一个猛子游过去,要去打捞大西瓜。 + +<---> + +One of the children had sharp eyes. He stood in the water and shouted: "Look, there's a huge watermelon, a huge watermelon!", a courageous child swam over to get the huge watermelon out of the water. + +{{< /columns >}} diff --git a/content/niqiu/B-page-16.md b/content/niqiu/B-page-16.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..74f5464 --- /dev/null +++ b/content/niqiu/B-page-16.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +--- +title: Page 16 +--- + +![niqiu page](./../../images/niqiu/seifert0397_nqkg_0020_016.jpg) + +{{< columns >}} + +其他的孩子也看到了,停止了“捉水猫猫”的游戏,都去捞那个大西瓜。西瓜在水面上一浮一浮的,孩子们追的快,瓜也游的快。 + +<---> + +Other children also saw it, so they stopped the game of "catch the water cat" and went to catch the huge watermelon. The watermelon was floating on the surface. As the children were chasing it fast, it was also swimming fast. + +{{< /columns >}} diff --git a/content/niqiu/B-page-17.md b/content/niqiu/B-page-17.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..75864f0 --- /dev/null +++ b/content/niqiu/B-page-17.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +--- +title: Page 17 +--- + +![niqiu page](./../../images/niqiu/seifert0397_nqkg_0021_017.jpg) + +{{< columns >}} + +一个机灵的孩子停住了,喊道:“别追了,这西瓜有 \'鬼\',这是引咱们往深水里去,好淹死我们。”孩子们都害怕了,不敢再追。 + +<---> + +A clever child stopped and yelled: "Stop chasing, there's a ghost in this watermelon, it's leading us into the deep water to drown us." The children got scared and did not dare to continue their chase. + +{{< /columns >}} diff --git a/content/niqiu/B-page-18.md b/content/niqiu/B-page-18.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..7eeb794 --- /dev/null +++ b/content/niqiu/B-page-18.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +--- +title: Page 18 +--- + +![niqiu page](./../../images/niqiu/seifert0397_nqkg_0022_018.jpg) + +{{< columns >}} + +孩子们都上了岸,眼巴巴的看着这个大西瓜。泥鳅从小洞里看见他们害怕的样子,不由得想笑。 + +<---> + +The children all went ashore, looking anxiously at the huge watermelon. Niqiu watched their frightened expressions through the small holes in the watermelon and could not help wanting to laugh. + +{{< /columns >}} diff --git a/content/niqiu/B-page-19.md b/content/niqiu/B-page-19.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..dc44355 --- /dev/null +++ b/content/niqiu/B-page-19.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +--- +title: Page 19 +--- + +![niqiu page](./../../images/niqiu/seifert0397_nqkg_0023_019.jpg) + +{{< columns >}} + +他手一按,脚一踩,半个身子露出水面来。他晃着西瓜头,高兴地唱起了秧歌调。 + +<---> + +He pushed with his hands, stomped with his feet and the upper part of his body emerged from the water. He shook his watermelon head and happily began to sing a Yangge tune. + +{{< /columns >}} diff --git a/content/niqiu/B-page-20.md b/content/niqiu/B-page-20.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..ba19b37 --- /dev/null +++ b/content/niqiu/B-page-20.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +--- +title: Page 20 +--- + +![niqiu page](./../../images/niqiu/seifert0397_nqkg_0024_020.jpg) + +{{< columns >}} + +小伙伴二嘎子听出是泥鳅的声音,便一挥手喊起来:“走哇!打这个大头鬼!” 于是十几个孩子一齐跳下水,朝泥鳅追去。 + +<---> + +When Little Ergazi recognized Niqiu's voice, he waved his hand and shouted: "Let's go! Beat this big-headed ghost!" Following that, a dozen children collectively jumped into the water and chased after Niqiu. + +{{< /columns >}} diff --git a/content/niqiu/B-page-21.md b/content/niqiu/B-page-21.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..57cbea0 --- /dev/null +++ b/content/niqiu/B-page-21.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +--- +title: Page 21 +--- + +![niqiu page](./../../images/niqiu/seifert0397_nqkg_0025_021.jpg) + +{{< columns >}} + +一群孩子对付泥鳅一个人,在水里打起水仗来。烂泥从四面八方向他扔来,打得西瓜皮咚咚直响,泥鳅转着圈儿迎击。 + +<---> + +It was a bunch of kids against Niqiu alone, starting a battle in the water. Mud was thrown at Niqiu from all directions, hitting the watermelon skin with a thud. Niqiu, spinning in circles, retaliated. + +{{< /columns >}} diff --git a/content/niqiu/B-page-22.md b/content/niqiu/B-page-22.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..046a05e --- /dev/null +++ b/content/niqiu/B-page-22.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +--- +title: Page 22 +--- + +![niqiu page](./../../images/niqiu/seifert0397_nqkg_0026_022.jpg) + +{{< columns >}} + +打了一阵,泥鳅使了个空城计,他悄悄地把头从瓜皮里退出来,一个猛子扎到大苇塘里,掏水鸟蛋去了,他的小伙伴们还向瓜皮上扔泥呢。 + +<---> + +After fighting for a while, Niqiu made a feint. He carefully backed his head away from the watermelon, rapidly went into the big reed pond and went to dig for waterbird eggs. His comrades were still throwing mud at the watermelon skin. + +{{< /columns >}} diff --git a/content/niqiu/B-page-23.md b/content/niqiu/B-page-23.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..bb1e4bb --- /dev/null +++ b/content/niqiu/B-page-23.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +--- +title: Page 23 +--- + +![niqiu page](./../../images/niqiu/seifert0397_nqkg_0027_023.jpg) + +{{< columns >}} + +忽然坑西边有人大声喊:“敌人来啦!”孩子们一听,赶忙上岸钻进了高粱地。 + +<---> + +Suddenly, someone screamed from the west of the pond: "The enemies are coming!" As soon as the children heard that, they hurriedly went ashore and slipped into the sorghum field. + +{{< /columns >}} diff --git a/content/niqiu/B-page-24.md b/content/niqiu/B-page-24.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..23db9ac --- /dev/null +++ b/content/niqiu/B-page-24.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +--- +title: Page 24 +--- + +![niqiu page](./../../images/niqiu/seifert0397_nqkg_0028_024.jpg) + +{{< columns >}} + +泥鳅正在苇塘里掏水鸟蛋,离坑沿远,耳朵眼里又塞着秫秸芯,没有听见喊声。等他出了苇塘一看,哟!人都哪儿去了呢?水坑里只有那个西瓜皮还漂在水面上。 + +<---> + +In the reed pond Niqiu was digging for water bird eggs, far away from the edge of the pond, and since his ears and eyes were filled with sorghum sticks, he did not hear the shout. When he got out of the reed and looked around, he thought: "Oh! Where is everyone?" Only the watermelon skin was still floating on the surface of the water. + +{{< /columns >}} diff --git a/content/niqiu/B-page-25.md b/content/niqiu/B-page-25.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..86d59fc --- /dev/null +++ b/content/niqiu/B-page-25.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +--- +title: Page 25 +--- + +![niqiu page](./../../images/niqiu/seifert0397_nqkg_0029_025.jpg) + +{{< columns >}} + +他上了西岸,站直了身子,看了看自己的影子,影子还矮着哩。心想:“还不到下半晌,为什么都走了?” + +<---> + +He got onto the west bank, stood up straight and looked at his shadow which was still short. He thought: "It's not yet afternoon, why did they all leave?" + +{{< /columns >}} diff --git a/content/niqiu/B-page-26.md b/content/niqiu/B-page-26.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..b6c7d94 --- /dev/null +++ b/content/niqiu/B-page-26.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +--- +title: Page 26 +--- + +![niqiu page](./../../images/niqiu/seifert0397_nqkg_0030_026.jpg) + +{{< columns >}} + +他抖掉头上的水,正在坑沿上四下张望,一个乡亲从西往东跑过来,向后指着对泥鳅说:“快跑!汉奸队又来啦!” + +<---> + +He shook the water off his head and looked around the edge of the pond when a villager came running past from west to east, pointing backwards and saying to Niqiu: "Run away! The traitors are returning!" + +{{< /columns >}} diff --git a/content/niqiu/B-page-27.md b/content/niqiu/B-page-27.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..09290d0 --- /dev/null +++ b/content/niqiu/B-page-27.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +--- +title: Page 27 +--- + +![niqiu page](./../../images/niqiu/seifert0397_nqkg_0031_027.jpg) + +{{< columns >}} + +泥鳅听了,手一扳树杈,就上了坑沿那棵弯弯的老柳树,手打眼罩往西一看,十几个伪军,正顺着小路往这边走。 + +<---> + +When Niqiu heard this, he grabbed a tree branch and pulled himself up onto the curved old willow tree at the pond. Using his hand as a visor, he looked westwards and saw a dozen or so puppet soldiers walking along a small path towards him. + +{{< /columns >}} diff --git a/content/niqiu/B-page-28.md b/content/niqiu/B-page-28.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..670c071 --- /dev/null +++ b/content/niqiu/B-page-28.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +--- +title: Page 28 +--- + +![niqiu page](./../../images/niqiu/seifert0397_nqkg_0032_028.jpg) + +{{< columns >}} + +那个老乡叫他快走,泥鳅看了看瓜地,咬了咬嘴唇说:“大叔你走吧,我还要看瓜!”那个老乡说:“看瓜?这可不是闹着玩的!上回那些坏蛋来,吃了瓜还把张大爷打了一顿。” + +<---> + +The villager told him to run away, but Niqiu looked at the melon patch, bit his lip and said: "You go ahead, Uncle! I need to watch over the melons!" The villager answered: "Watch over the melons? This is not a joke! Last time those bastards came, they ate the melons and beat up Uncle Zhang." + +{{< /columns >}} diff --git a/content/niqiu/B-page-29.md b/content/niqiu/B-page-29.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..7e0889e --- /dev/null +++ b/content/niqiu/B-page-29.md @@ -0,0 +1,13 @@ +--- +title: Page 29 +--- + +![niqiu page](./../../images/niqiu/seifert0397_nqkg_0033_029.jpg) + +{{< columns >}} + +一提这件事,泥鳅气就来了,他愤愤地说:“我不能让他们白吃张大爷的瓜,是谁吃的,我都给他记上,有机会,都得叫他们还帐。” + +When this was mentioned, Niqiu's anger rose again. He said angrily: "I can't let them eat Uncle Zhang's melons for free. Whoever ate them, I'll put that on his bill, and I'll make them pay for it when I get the chance." + +{{< /columns >}} diff --git a/content/niqiu/B-page-30.md b/content/niqiu/B-page-30.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..a172f08 --- /dev/null +++ b/content/niqiu/B-page-30.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +--- +title: Page 30 +--- + +![niqiu page](./../../images/niqiu/seifert0397_nqkg_0034_030.jpg) + +{{< columns >}} + +那位老乡见劝不动他,只好走了。泥鳅抓住一条树枝一悠,“扑通”一声,就扎到水里,把西瓜皮又套到了头上,站在没脖儿深的水里。 + +<---> + +The villager saw that Niqiu could not be persuaded, so he could only walk away. Niqiu grabbed a long tree branch, swung himself and - SPLASH - plunged into the water. He put the watermelon skin on his head again and stood in the water which did not reach his neck. + +{{< /columns >}} diff --git a/content/niqiu/B-page-31.md b/content/niqiu/B-page-31.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..73d1b63 --- /dev/null +++ b/content/niqiu/B-page-31.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +--- +title: Page 31 +--- + +![niqiu page](./../../images/niqiu/seifert0397_nqkg_0035_031.jpg) + +{{< columns >}} + +一会儿,便衣队特务和两个伪军来到西瓜地里,满地里找西瓜,也没找到一个熟的,他们气的把瓜秧全给拔了,生西瓜蛋踢得满地乱滚。 + +<---> + +After a while, a plain clothes spy and two puppet soldiers came to the watermelon patch and searched the whole ground for melons but could not find a single ripe one. They became so angry that they pulled up all the melon seedlings and kicked the unripe melons all over the place. + +{{< /columns >}} diff --git a/content/niqiu/B-page-32.md b/content/niqiu/B-page-32.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..faa4263 --- /dev/null +++ b/content/niqiu/B-page-32.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +--- +title: Page 32 +--- + +![niqiu page](./../../images/niqiu/seifert0397_nqkg_0036_032.jpg) + +{{< columns >}} + +糟踏了一阵,他们站在坑沿上,用高粱叶子作扇子,扇着体息,口渴得直舐嘴唇。 + +<---> + +After trampling for a while, they stood on the edge of the pond and used sorghum leaves as fans. Fanning, they rested and licked their lips with thirst. + +{{< /columns >}} diff --git a/content/niqiu/B-page-33.md b/content/niqiu/B-page-33.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..dbc1948 --- /dev/null +++ b/content/niqiu/B-page-33.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +--- +title: Page 33 +--- + +![niqiu page](./../../images/niqiu/seifert0397_nqkg_0037_033.jpg) + +{{< columns >}} + +那个高个子的伪军忽然向坑里指着说:“大西瓜!”小个儿马上说:“是我先看见的!”两个伪军争着要脱衣服下水去捞。 + +<---> + +Suddenly, the tall puppet soldier pointed at the pond and said: "Look at the huge watermelon!" The short one immediately replied: "I saw it first!" The two puppet soldiers vied to undress in order to get into the water and fish it out. + +{{< /columns >}} diff --git a/content/niqiu/B-page-34.md b/content/niqiu/B-page-34.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..f627338 --- /dev/null +++ b/content/niqiu/B-page-34.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +--- +title: Page 34 +--- + +![niqiu page](./../../images/niqiu/seifert0397_nqkg_0038_034.jpg) + +{{< columns >}} + +那个便衣特务呲着满嘴金牙得意地说:“你们俩谁也别抢,是我先看见的。”说着,就抢先穿着肥大的灯笼裤下了水。 + +<---> + +The spy bared his mouth full of gold teeth and said complacently: "Neither of you snatch it, I saw it first." As he was speaking, he rushed into the water in his loosely fitting knickerbockers. + +{{< /columns >}} diff --git a/content/niqiu/B-page-35.md b/content/niqiu/B-page-35.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..fecdf5e --- /dev/null +++ b/content/niqiu/B-page-35.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +--- +title: Page 35 +--- + +![niqiu page](./../../images/niqiu/seifert0397_nqkg_0039_035.jpg) + +{{< columns >}} + +岸上两个伪军气得撅着嘴说:“这坑水可深,小心淹死你。”便衣特务得意地说:“老子淹不死。这是种瓜的老头特意为我留的,要不是上次教训了他一顿,今天他能给我留吗?” + +<---> + +Pouting with anger, the two puppet soldiers on the bank said: "That pond is really deep, be careful not to drown." The spy said proudly: "I won't drown. The old man who grows melons reserved this one especially for me. If I hadn't taught him a lesson last time, would he have saved one for me today?" + +{{< /columns >}} diff --git a/content/niqiu/B-page-36.md b/content/niqiu/B-page-36.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..82ea437 --- /dev/null +++ b/content/niqiu/B-page-36.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +--- +title: Page 36 +--- + +![niqiu page](./../../images/niqiu/seifert0397_nqkg_0040_036.jpg) + +{{< columns >}} + +泥鳅见便衣特务朝自己走来,水圈一环环地从他脖子上涌过,他看到特务那个不会水的样子,想起了“千斤牛入水,斗不过大鲤鱼”,就壮起了胆。 + +<---> + +Niqiu saw the spy coming towards him, ripples on the water around his neck. Upon realizing that the spy could not swim well, he recalled the saying: "When thousand pounds of cattle enter the water, they cannot defeat a carp", and mustered up his courage. + +{{< /columns >}} diff --git a/content/niqiu/B-page-37.md b/content/niqiu/B-page-37.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..9a7ac07 --- /dev/null +++ b/content/niqiu/B-page-37.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +--- +title: Page 37 +--- + +![niqiu page](./../../images/niqiu/seifert0397_nqkg_0041_037.jpg) + +{{< columns >}} + +特务晃晃悠悠地蹚着水向西瓜走来,高兴得鼻子眼睛全挤在一块了。眼看就快要够到手了,突然“妈呀!”一声不见了。 + +<---> + +The spy wiggled and waded towards the watermelon and squeezed his nose and eyes in happiness. As he was reaching for the melon, a sudden "Oh my!" was followed by an abrupt silence. + +{{< /columns >}} diff --git a/content/niqiu/B-page-38.md b/content/niqiu/B-page-38.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..312fc9d --- /dev/null +++ b/content/niqiu/B-page-38.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +--- +title: Page 38 +--- + +![niqiu page](./../../images/niqiu/seifert0397_nqkg_0042_038.jpg) + +{{< columns >}} + +两个伪军以为这小子故意装的,高个子伪军说:“别得了便宜卖乘,没人跟你抢!”小个子伪军看着冒出水面的水泡说:“上来吧,别在那吐泡了!” + +<---> + +The two puppet soldiers thought he was just pretending, so the tall one said: "Stop acting, no one\'s going to fight you for it!" Watching the bubbles rise up to the surface, the short one said: "Come on up, stop blowing bubbles there!" + +{{< /columns >}} diff --git a/content/niqiu/B-page-39.md b/content/niqiu/B-page-39.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..c00807b --- /dev/null +++ b/content/niqiu/B-page-39.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +--- +title: Page 39 +--- + +![niqiu page](./../../images/niqiu/seifert0397_nqkg_0043_039.jpg) + +{{< columns >}} + +半袋烟的功夫过去了,特务也没露面。这时两个伪军才觉察到出了事。高个子让小个子先下去看看,小个子说:“瓜是你先看见的,应该你先下去。”他俩谁也不敢下去,只在岸上乱叫。 + +<---> + +They smoked half a pack of cigarettes, yet the spy did not reappear. Only now, the two soldiers realized that something was wrong. The tall one ordered the small one to go down first and take a look, but the small one said: "You saw the melon first, so you should be the one to go down there first." Neither of them dared to go down, they just stood at the bank and shouted. + +{{< /columns >}} diff --git a/content/niqiu/B-page-40.md b/content/niqiu/B-page-40.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..4258efb --- /dev/null +++ b/content/niqiu/B-page-40.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +--- +title: Page 40 +--- + +![niqiu page](./../../images/niqiu/seifert0397_nqkg_0044_040.jpg) + +{{< columns >}} + +再说泥鳅把那个特务拖下水去灌饱之后,就拉着他的腿绕过菱角坑,荷花塘,一口气把他拖到了大苇塘里。 + +<---> + +After Niqiu dragged the spy down into the water to fill him up, he pulled him by the legs around the water chestnut pond, the lotus pond, and the big reed pond in one go. + +{{< /columns >}} diff --git a/content/niqiu/B-page-41.md b/content/niqiu/B-page-41.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..8dabd37 --- /dev/null +++ b/content/niqiu/B-page-41.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +--- +title: Page 41 +--- + +![niqiu page](./../../images/niqiu/seifert0397_nqkg_0045_041.jpg) + +{{< columns >}} + +特务躺在苇塘中间的一个小土岗上,肚子鼓的活象个大气蛤蟆。泥鳅气喘吁吁地蹲在一边,一时不知该怎么办好。他想把这家伙再推下水去,又一想,留着他,抗日政府可能能从他身上了解点敌人的情况。 + +<---> + +The spy laid on a small hill in the middle of the reed pond. His big belly resembled a huge toad. Breathing heavily, Niqiu sat next to him. All of a sudden, he did not know what to do. He wanted to drag the guy back into the water, but thought it over. He could leave him so that the anti-Japanese government might learn something about the situation of the enemy from him. + +{{< /columns >}} diff --git a/content/niqiu/B-page-42.md b/content/niqiu/B-page-42.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..4a408d1 --- /dev/null +++ b/content/niqiu/B-page-42.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +--- +title: Page 42 +--- + +![niqiu page](./../../images/niqiu/seifert0397_nqkg_0046_042.jpg) + +{{< columns >}} + +于是,泥鳅找了一块破碗碴儿,把特务的牙给撬了个缝,一股黑水从牙缝里淌出来。 + +<---> + +Then, Niqiu found a small piece of a broken bowl. With the help of this shard, wedged between the teeth of the spy, Niqiu pried open the spy's mouth, and black water flowed out. + +{{< /columns >}} diff --git a/content/niqiu/B-page-43.md b/content/niqiu/B-page-43.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..47c618a --- /dev/null +++ b/content/niqiu/B-page-43.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +--- +title: Page 43 +--- + +![niqiu page](./../../images/niqiu/seifert0397_nqkg_0047_043.jpg) + +{{< columns >}} + +过了一会儿,特务缓过气来了,肚子一鼓一鼓的。泥鳅一看,好像觉得特务变长了,心想:“这么大个家伙,我怎么弄得过他呢?” + +<---> + +After a while, the spy was relieved and his stomach bulged. Niqiu had a look, and it seemed that the spy had grown bigger. Niqiu thought: "What a big guy, how did I manage to overwhelm him?" + +{{< /columns >}} diff --git a/content/niqiu/B-page-44.md b/content/niqiu/B-page-44.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..d21f535 --- /dev/null +++ b/content/niqiu/B-page-44.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +--- +title: Page 44 +--- + +![niqiu page](./../../images/niqiu/seifert0397_nqkg_0048_044.jpg) + +{{< columns >}} + +泥鳅小眼睛一眨,想了个主意。他扯了一把青苇子在地上踩了,拧成了一条绳子,趁特务还没清醒过来,把他的两手捆了个结结实实。 + +<---> + +Niqiu blinked with his small eyes and had an idea. He pulled a handful of green reeds, stepped them on the ground, twisting them into a rope. While the spy was still unconscious, he tied his hands together tightly. + +{{< /columns >}} diff --git a/content/niqiu/B-page-45.md b/content/niqiu/B-page-45.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..8d07012 --- /dev/null +++ b/content/niqiu/B-page-45.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +--- +title: Page 45 +--- + +![niqiu page](./../../images/niqiu/seifert0397_nqkg_0049_045.jpg) + +{{< columns >}} + +特务醒过来了,他在地上直打滚。泥鳅命令他:“不准动!”特务一见是个孩子,就假装求饶说:“老弟,放开我吧!” + +<---> + +The spy woke up and rolled back and forth on the ground. Niqiu commanded: "Freeze!" When the spy realized that Niqiu was just a child, he pretended to ask for forgiveness and said, "Little one, set me free!" + +{{< /columns >}} diff --git a/content/niqiu/B-page-46.md b/content/niqiu/B-page-46.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..ec7eb65 --- /dev/null +++ b/content/niqiu/B-page-46.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +--- +title: Page 46 +--- + +![niqiu page](./../../images/niqiu/seifert0397_nqkg_0050_046.jpg) + +{{< columns >}} + +泥鳅气愤地指着他说:“谁叫你当汉奸欺侮中国人哪?谁叫你抢了张大爷的瓜?”特务赶忙说:“吃瓜我给钱,快给我解开,我好给你掏钱。” + +<---> + +Niqiu pointed at him furiously and said, "Who told you to become a traitor and bully the Chinese people? Who told you to rob Uncle Zhang\'s melons?" The spy answered in a rush: "I\'ll pay for the melon, untie me quickly, so that I can pay you." + +{{< /columns >}} diff --git a/content/niqiu/B-page-47.md b/content/niqiu/B-page-47.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..d618f15 --- /dev/null +++ b/content/niqiu/B-page-47.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +--- +title: Page 47 +--- + +![niqiu page](./../../images/niqiu/seifert0397_nqkg_0051_047.jpg) + +{{< columns >}} + +泥鳅笑呵呵地说:“等我把你送到抗日政府,咱俩到那再算账。”特务看软的不行,便用硬的威胁,可是毛泽东思想哺育成长起来的儿童不听这一套,威胁利诱对他们行不通。 + +<---> + +Niqiu laughed: "Just wait until I have sent you to the anti-Japanese government, we will settle our accounts there." When the spy saw that soft words would not work, he used hard threats, but children raised by Mao Zedong\'s Thought do not listen to such kinds of threats, and temptations have no effect on them. + +{{< /columns >}} diff --git a/content/niqiu/B-page-48.md b/content/niqiu/B-page-48.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..af5473e --- /dev/null +++ b/content/niqiu/B-page-48.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +--- +title: Page 48 +--- + +![niqiu page](./../../images/niqiu/seifert0397_nqkg_0052_048.jpg) + +{{< columns >}} + +正在这时,突然“砰! 砰!”两声枪响,子弹飞过苇塘的上空。泥鳅赶紧趴在地上,这枪子是那两个伪军放的,他们为了壮壮胆,朝天放了两枪就走了。 + +<---> + +At that moment -- BANG, BANG! -- suddenly two shots rang out, and the bullets flew over the reed pond. Niqiu hurriedly got down on the ground. The two puppet soldiers had fired the shots. In order to strengthen their courage, they had fired the two shots towards the sky and fled. + +{{< /columns >}} diff --git a/content/niqiu/B-page-49.md b/content/niqiu/B-page-49.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..94ba0f3 --- /dev/null +++ b/content/niqiu/B-page-49.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +--- +title: Page 49 +--- + +![niqiu page](./../../images/niqiu/seifert0397_nqkg_0053_049.jpg) + +{{< columns >}} + +忽然,泥鳅听见特务在一块石头上磨绳子,走近一看,苇绳快被特务挣断了。 + +<---> + +Suddenly, Niqiu heard the spy grinding the rope on a rock, and when he came closer, he saw that the rope was about to be torn apart. + +{{< /columns >}} diff --git a/content/niqiu/B-page-50.md b/content/niqiu/B-page-50.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..c273d6a --- /dev/null +++ b/content/niqiu/B-page-50.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +--- +title: Page 50 +--- + +![niqiu page](./../../images/niqiu/seifert0397_nqkg_0054_050.jpg) + +{{< columns >}} + +泥鳅猛地骑在特务身上,一边用拳头打,一边狠狠地骂着。特务死命挣扎,两个人就在坑沿边滚了起来。 + +<---> + +Niqiu violently got on top of the spy, punching him with his fists as he cursed him viciously. The spy struggled for his dear life as the two rolled around on the edge of the pond. + +{{< /columns >}} diff --git a/content/niqiu/B-page-51.md b/content/niqiu/B-page-51.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..b86f620 --- /dev/null +++ b/content/niqiu/B-page-51.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +--- +title: Page 51 +--- + +![niqiu page](./../../images/niqiu/seifert0397_nqkg_0055_051.jpg) + +{{< columns >}} + +特务打不过泥鳅,就高声喊叫救命。泥鳅想堵住他的嘴,又没东西堵,特务的喊声越来越大,泥鳅怕被伪军听见,只得又把他推下水去. + +<---> + +The spy was unable to defeat Niqiu, so he called for help. Niqiu wanted to stuff his mouth, but as he didn't find anything, the spy's shouting became louder and louder. Niqiu was afraid that the puppet soldiers would hear him, so he pushed him into the water again. + +{{< /columns >}} diff --git a/content/niqiu/B-page-52.md b/content/niqiu/B-page-52.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..7107400 --- /dev/null +++ b/content/niqiu/B-page-52.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +--- +title: Page 52 +--- + +![niqiu page](./../../images/niqiu/seifert0397_nqkg_0056_052.jpg) + +{{< columns >}} + +特务在水里喝着水,象是葫芦头灌香油似的,“咕嘟嘟,咕嘟嘟”,水面上冒起了一串串水泡泡。 + +<---> + +GLUG, GLUG -- The spy drank from the water like a bottle gourd from sesame oil, and a stream of bubbles rose to the surface. + +{{< /columns >}} diff --git a/content/niqiu/B-page-53.md b/content/niqiu/B-page-53.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..fa62e7c --- /dev/null +++ b/content/niqiu/B-page-53.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +--- +title: Page 53 +--- + +![niqiu page](./../../images/niqiu/seifert0397_nqkg_0057_053.jpg) + +{{< columns >}} + +敌人走后,张家庄的人都回来了,就是不见泥鳅。大伙四下里找寻着,到处都在喊着:"泥鳅!泥——鳅——" + +<---> + +After the enemy had left, all the villagers of Zhangjia Village returned, but Niqiu was nowhere to be seen. Everybody was searching for him in all directions and shouted: "Niqiu! Niiiiiiqiuuuuuuuuuuu!" + +{{< /columns >}} diff --git a/content/niqiu/B-page-54.md b/content/niqiu/B-page-54.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..08b29a7 --- /dev/null +++ b/content/niqiu/B-page-54.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +--- +title: Page 54 +--- + +![niqiu page](./../../images/niqiu/seifert0397_nqkg_0058_054.jpg) + +{{< columns >}} + +泥鳅听了,使用两手卷成个筒筒,放在嘴上,拉长声音回答说:"我在这儿哪!" + +<---> + +When Niqiu heard them, he formed his hands to a tube, raised them to his mouth and answered: "I am heeeeeeeere!" + +{{< /columns >}} diff --git a/content/niqiu/B-page-55.md b/content/niqiu/B-page-55.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..633b9d6 --- /dev/null +++ b/content/niqiu/B-page-55.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +--- +title: Page 55 +--- + +![niqiu page](./../../images/niqiu/seifert0397_nqkg_0059_055.jpg) + +{{< columns >}} + +泥鳅把喝饱水的特务又拖到东岸上。大伙一看,都高兴地说:“泥鳅真是共产党教育出来的好孩子,又为乡亲们除了一害!”泥鳅充满信心地表示:“要消灭这些害人虫,把日本鬼子赶出中国去!取得抗战的全部胜利!” + +<---> + +Niqiu pulled the spy, who had had enough to drink, to the east bank. When everybody saw this, they happily said: "Niqiu is a good boy educated by the Communist Party, he averted yet another harm to the villagers!" Niqiu said with confidence: "Let's destroy this vermin and drive the Japanese devils out of China! Let's achieve total victory in the war!" + +{{< /columns >}} diff --git a/content/niqiu/_index.md b/content/niqiu/_index.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..82498b1 --- /dev/null +++ b/content/niqiu/_index.md @@ -0,0 +1,29 @@ +--- +bookCollapseSection: true +type: docs +title: Niqiu Protects the Watermelons 泥鳅看瓜 (1974) +--- + +# Niqiu Protects the Watermelons 泥鳅看瓜 (1974) + +*Niqiu Protects the Watermelons* 泥鳅看瓜, illustrated by Zhong Shan 钟山, translated by Laura Aymar, Bettina Jin, Piet Kortenjan, Lena Henningsen, Sascha Sacknieß, Sophia Schöller, Joschua Seiler, Miriam Stadler, Yixiong Wang and Jenny Wiggermann, Tianjian: Tianjin renmin meishu chubanshe, 1974. (No author or editor named).[^1] + +## Introduction to the Text + +Lena Henningsen + +The first two pages set the scene for this story which takes place during the Second World War in China -- or, rather, during the War of Resistance against Japan, as the Second World War (1937-1945) is commonly termed in China. The story takes place in Zhangjia Village which could also be translated as Zhang Family Village in Hebei Province. Despite the clear location, Zhangjia Village could be anywhere where fighting took place among the communist forces of the People's Liberation Army and the Japanese invaders. These fights, the reader of this comic book learns soon, directly impacted the villagers as they fought on different sides. The village has been liberated and is now headed by cadres of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP), who continue the fight against the threats posed by the invaders. The kids in the village are organized in a Children's Corps, and Uncle Zhang is described as a family member of a member of the communist forces on page [2](https://readchina.github.io/comics/niqiu/b-page-02/) (抗属, translated here as "military dependent"), rendering him a respected member of the community. On the enemy's side, there are the Japanese soldiers, and, more despicable in the eyes of the local villagers, there are puppet soldiers (伪军), i.e. Chinese soldiers who fought for the Japanese invaders, and later on traitors (汉奸队 [26](https://readchina.github.io/comics/niqiu/b-page-26/)), including a plain clothes spy (便衣队特务 [31](https://readchina.github.io/comics/niqiu/b-page-31/)). + +The time of action is specified to 1942, which marks one of the turning points in the history of the CCP. The CCP had set up headquarters in Yan'an (Shaanxi Province). 1942 saw the beginning of the first rectification campaign (延安整风运动) through which Mao Zedong consolidated his power. The reference to the Yangge tradition (秧歌, pages [13](https://readchina.github.io/comics/niqiu/b-page-13/) and [19](https://readchina.github.io/comics/niqiu/b-page-19/)) also serves as a reference to the revolutionary, pre-1949 past of the CCP. Yangge are a popular dance form originating in rural North China. The CCP used this dance form as a tool to disseminate socialist ideas among the population. + +The second historical point of reference for an understanding of the story is 1974, the year of its publication. After the tumultuous early years of the Cultural Revolution, the country is returning to a distinct level of normalcy, including the fact that publishing houses resume publishing new works of art, including pocket-sized *lianhuanhua* 连环画. With their combination of images and brief texts and with their entertaining qualities, these books addressed young readers in particular and thus could be used for their educational and propagandistic values. The story celebrates the heroism of Niqiu, a courageous and honest young boy who is clearly created to serve as a role model for his young readers. Niqiu is given the task to oversee the watermelons because of his integrity and because he is a good swimmer: He needs to cover a distance of half a Chinese mile (里) each day ([5](https://readchina.github.io/comics/niqiu/b-page-05/)). Historically, the length of a mile varied depending on regions, today it is defined as half a kilometer, so half a mile equals 250 m -- indicating that the water pond is rather big, and that Niqiu is a good swimmer. + +The story contains scenes of youthful play and of careless mischief. At the same time, the children are called upon to contribute to the rightful cause -- to which Niqiu responds by taking up the fight himself, despite the warnings of an older villager. A careful reading may reveal that the children's playfulness anticipates a contribution to the larger cause. When Niqiu fools his friends using the watermelon, this trap is referred to with the term 空城计 (literally "empty city strategy" in which an enemy is deceived into thinking that an undefended location is full of ambushes, thus causing the enemy to retreat [22](https://readchina.github.io/comics/niqiu/b-page-22/)) which can be traced back to the *36 Stratagems*, thus locating the plot both within the Chinese tradition and within the 1970s when the *36 Stratagems* continued to be referred to. Moreover, it frames the story of a young boy within the realm of strategies of military defense against a potent enemy. + +His courageousness is crowned with victory -- and framed within the proper rhetoric of the Cultural Revolution. He resists the threats of the spy, as "children raised by Mao Zedong\'s Thought do not listen to such kinds of threats, and temptations have no effect on them." ([47](https://readchina.github.io/comics/niqiu/b-page-47/)) And the villagers similarly make an explicit connection between Niqiu's success and the efforts of the CCP by stating: "Niqiu is a good boy educated by the Communist Party, he averted yet another harm to the villagers!" ([57](https://readchina.github.io/comics/niqiu/b-page-57/)). As such the *lianhuanhua* is as much a witness to the historical past of the War of Resistance against Japan as it is a witness of the rhetoric of its Cultural Revolutionary present. + +{{
}} + +[^1]: This translation was produced in a joint translation project by BA students at the Institute of Chinese Studies, University of Freiburg University, supervised by Lena Henningsen. We acknowledge the support of the ERC-funded project "The Politics of Reading in the People's Republic of China" (READCHINA, Grant agreement No. 757365/SH5: 2018-2023). We thank Julia Schneider for a critical reading of the text and our colleagues Matthias Arnold and Hanno Lecher from the Centre for Asian and Transcultural Studies (CATS), Heidelberg University, for providing us with high resolution scans of the comics which are part of the [Seifert collection](https://www.asia-europe.uni-heidelberg.de/en/research/heidelberg-research-architecture/projects/hra14-chinese-comics/the-seifert-collection.html). + + We have taken much effort to contact the publisher of this comic in order to acquire permission by the copyright holder to publish the pages online. We regret that we have not received responses to our inquiries. If you believe that copyrights are not being respected, please send an email message to: [readchina"at"mail.sinologie.uni-freiburg.de](mailto:readchina@mail.sinologie.uni-freiburg.de). We will respond as soon as possible and will work with you to either accredit the material correctly or remove it entirely. diff --git a/content/zhufu/A-translation-notes.md b/content/zhufu/A-translation-notes.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..1c1da20 --- /dev/null +++ b/content/zhufu/A-translation-notes.md @@ -0,0 +1,24 @@ +--- +title: About the translation +--- + +In preparing this translation, our aim was to produce a text that would do justice to the legacy of Lu Xun, but more so, to the language and contents of the PRC adaptation of the story. In his essay accompanying his retranslation of the original short story into German, Hans Peter Hoffmann (2015) makes a convincing argument for the use of slightly outdated terms as markers for what Lu Xun wanted to emphasize as backward in his times. As we translated from an adaptation of Lu Xun's story in rather blunt PRC language, we measure our translation against that language. We thus aimed at staying close both to the literal meaning of the text and to its spirit -- bearing in mind that this is, likely, a story targeting not only adults, but also children; we also aimed at a translation that would not make the text longer than in the original, thus subverting the simplicity, elegance and brevity of *lianhuanhua* language. While many names in the Chinese language are 'speaking names' and thus reveal information about the person or place they relate to, we opted for the more neutral terms derived at by transliterating and not translating the names in order not to unduly exoticize the translation. We also decided against adding explanations for terms into the text. But as the names of the protagonists and places may be confusing for readers unfamiliar with Chinese naming conventions, the following may be helpful.[^1] + +- **Xianglin's wife** 祥林嫂: The protagonist of the story does not have a name of her own; much as she does not have any choice in her life, she is given a name and identity reducing her to being the wife of her first deceased husband which also seals the rest of her fate. + +- **Luzhen** 鲁镇: The name of the town -- Luzhen -- signals that it is a small town. The character for "Lu" in Luzhen is the same character as in Mr. Lu, the name of the uncle who the nameless narrator of the story has to stay with and whom he dislikes for his backwardness. This suggests that the Lu-Family is (and has been for generations) a central authority in town. It likely is not a coincidence that "Lu" both in "Luzhen" and in Mr. Lu is the same as in the penname the author of this story chose for himself: Lu Xun. While this by no means is an argument to declare that the first-person narrator represents or is Lu Xun himself, it is a signal of the text to play with autobiographical suggestions and hints. + +- **Mr. and Mrs. Lu**: Throughout the *lianhuanhua*, different variations are used for these two persons. For reasons of clarity, we are using Mr. and Mrs. Lu throughout. One recurring name is Lu Si Laoye 鲁四老爷 which might be translated as Old Master Lu Si or as Fourth Master Lu, thus emphasizing the reverence that townspeople would approach him with. There are also different terms used to address his wife. However, as her social status and all her comportment are defined by her being the wife of Mr. Lu, she is referred to as Mrs. Lu throughout the translation. + +- **Auntie Liu** 柳妈: Her name would have been literally translated as Mother Liu. We settled on Auntie Liu wishing to emphasize that she is a -- likely unmarried -- poor woman in town helping out with the Lu family. Auntie here does not signal a kinship relationship, but is more used as a form of address. + +- **Old Wei**: Likewise, the matchmaker is a -- likely unmarried -- woman in town. + +- **Hejia Village** 贺家墺 (Hejia'ao) and **He Laoliu** 贺老六: Similar to the Lu family and Luzhen, there is a relationship between Hejia Village and Xianglin's wife's second husband: The name of the village could literally be translated as He-Family-Village suggesting that it is predominantly inhabited by the He clan. He Laoliu's name literally means He Old-Six, likely indicating him to be the sixth son, or, more likely the sixth male offspring in his generation thus taking into the account also his male cousins. + +- **"The New Year's Sacrifice"** 祝福: The title of the story is conventionally translated as "The New Year's Sacrifice" or "New Year's Sacrifice". In the aforementioned essay, Hans Peter Hoffmann makes a convincing argument to translate the title as "The Blessing" (German: "Der Neujahrssegen"), as this captures much more succinctly the contrast between the blessing that the well-to-do families receive and the misery that Xianglin's wife experiences (2015: 47-52). "The New Year's Sacrifice" sets the focus on Xianglin's wife and her being a victim of 'old feudal society' which literally sacrifices her life in order to hold on to customs that place dead ancestors above those living and suffering today. The more literal translation "The Blessing", Hoffmann points out, is both closer to the actual meaning of the word and refocuses and complicates the narrative. It emphasizes that through the ritual those who perform it receive a blessing, or benediction. In that way, it emphasizes old customs prevalent in the town. As a consequence, the individuals in Luzhen, including the nameless narrator, attain more agency and personal responsibility for what is taking place. As this particular adaptation of the story emphasizes -- as do the translations of the story which are entitled "The New Year's Sacrifice" -- the sacrificing of Xianglin's wife, we have decided to opt for this translation as well. + + +[^1]: This translation was produced in a joint translation project by students at the Institute of Chinese Studies, University of Freiburg, supervised by Lena Henningsen. We acknowledge the support of the ERC-funded project "The Politics of Reading in the People's Republic of China" (READCHINA, Grant agreement No. 757365/SH5: 2018-2023). Special thanks go to Eve Y. Lin for her critical reading of the translation and to Matthias Arnold and Hanno Lecher from the Centre for Asian and Transcultural Studies (CATS), Heidelberg University, for providing us with high resolution scans of the comics which are part of the [Seifert collection](https://www.asia-europe.uni-heidelberg.de/en/research/heidelberg-research-architecture/projects/hra14-chinese-comics/the-seifert-collection.html) + + We have taken much effort to contact the publisher of this comic in order to acquire permission by the copyright holder to publish the pages online. We regret that we have not received responses to our inquiries. If you believe that copyrights are not being respected, please send an email message to: [readchina"at"mail.sinologie.uni-freiburg.de](mailto:readchina@mail.sinologie.uni-freiburg.de). We will respond as soon as possible and will work with you to either accredit the material correctly or remove it entirely. diff --git a/content/zhufu/B-cover.md b/content/zhufu/B-cover.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..3899e12 --- /dev/null +++ b/content/zhufu/B-cover.md @@ -0,0 +1,7 @@ +--- +title: Front and back cover +--- + +![zhufu cover](./../../images/zhufu/seifert0772_zf_0001_0.jpg) + +![zhufu cover](./../../images/zhufu/seifert0772_zf_0064_0.jpg) diff --git a/content/zhufu/B-front-i.md b/content/zhufu/B-front-i.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..10cb706 --- /dev/null +++ b/content/zhufu/B-front-i.md @@ -0,0 +1,23 @@ +--- +title: Frontmatter 01 +--- + +![zhufu front](./../../images/zhufu/seifert0772_zf_0003_0.jpg) + +## Preface to the 1957 edition  + +(not shown above) + +{{< columns >}} + +### 内容说明 + +祥林嫂年轻的时候死了丈夫,便到鲁四老爷家帮工。后来她婆婆又强迫她嫁人。不久她的第二个丈夫病死了,她的儿子被狼吃掉了,她被生活所逼,只好又回到鲁四老爷家里。鲁四老爷厌恶她死过两个丈夫,说她不干净,败坏风俗。她怪自己的命不好,听了柳妈的话,到土地庙里捐一条门槛,当撖替身赎罪,可是人家还一样鄙视她。她更加衰老了,精神更迟钝了,终于她被赶出了鲁家,变成乞丐死了。 + +<---> + +### Explanation of the contents + +After Xianglin's wife lost her husband early in life, she comes to the Lu household as a servant. Later on, her mother-in-law forces her to remarry. Soon after, her second husband dies of illness, and her son is eaten by a wolf. She has no choice but to return to the Lu household. Mr. Lu loathes that she lost two husbands. He declares that she is tainted and would exert a bad moral influence. She also blames her own bad fate. After listening to Auntie Liu advice, she donates a threshold to the Temple of the Village God to atone for her sins, but people continue to despise her. She ages (prematurely) and becomes slow-witted. In the end, she is thrown out by the Lu family, turns into a beggar, and dies. + +{{< /columns >}} diff --git a/content/zhufu/B-front-ii.md b/content/zhufu/B-front-ii.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..ef7f3ad --- /dev/null +++ b/content/zhufu/B-front-ii.md @@ -0,0 +1,20 @@ +--- +title: Frontmatter 02 +--- + +![zhufu front](./../../images/zhufu/seifert0772_zf_0004_0.jpg) + + +{{< columns >}} + +## 前言 + +《祝福》描写了一个淳朴的劳动妇女祥林嫂。丈夫死后,她为了逃避被出卖的命运,便来到鲁镇,在地主鲁四家里做工。但不久仍被婆家绑回去,逼嫁到山村里。"她一路只是嚎,骂",后来还"一头撞在香案角上",不惜以自己的生命来反抗旧社会、旧礼教的压迫。当她再一次在鲁四家里出现,那是第二个丈夫病死,儿子被狼叼走之后。因她再嫁再寡,鲁四把她看成不祥之物,暗暗告诫家人不许她沾手祭品。镇上的人由于受到封建礼教的毒害,也跟着嘲笑她。柳妈又以"阴间"的锯刑来恐吓她,要她到土地庙捐一条门槛,当作赎罪的替身,给千人踏,万人跨。她为了自己的生存,不断挣扎,捐了门槛;但仍然无效,主人还是不许她摆设祭品。她从此精神失常,象一个木偶人。不久被鲁四赶走,成为乞丐。最后怀着对"阴间"的恐怖和疑惑,在年终"祝福"时,死在街头上。 + +<---> + +## Preface + +"The New Year's Sacrifice" describes the simple female worker Xianglin's wife. After the death of her husband, she comes to Luzhen to work in the household of Landlord Lu to escape the fate of being sold off. But before long, she is kidnapped by the family of her mother-in-law and forced to remarry into a mountain village. "She howled and cursed the whole way", and later also "bumped her head against the corner of the incense burner table", to resist to the oppression of old society and old Confucian ethics with her own life. She appears for a second time at the Lu household after her second husband died of illness and her son was carried away by a wolf. Because she remarried and became a widow again, Mr. Lu considers her an inauspicious object and secretly tells his family members not to let her lend a hand in preparing the sacrifices. Poisoned by feudal Confucian ethics, the other people in town follow suit to sneer at her. Auntie Liu further threatens her with the torture of dismemberment in the "nether world", and tells her to donate a threshold to the Temple of the Village God to be stepped on and passed over by 10.000 people as her replacement, in order to atone for her sins. She ceaselessly struggles for her survival and manages to donate a threshold. But it is of no use, the landlord still would not let her set out the sacrificial offerings. From then on, she is mentally deranged, as dumb as a puppet. Before long, she is thrown out by Mr. Lu and becomes a beggar. In the end, harboring terror and uncertainties about the "nether world" in her mind, she dies on the street at the time of the "New Year's Sacrifice". + +{{< /columns >}} diff --git a/content/zhufu/B-front-iii.md b/content/zhufu/B-front-iii.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..5430d1c --- /dev/null +++ b/content/zhufu/B-front-iii.md @@ -0,0 +1,33 @@ +--- +title: Frontmatter 03 +--- + +![zhufu front](./../../images/zhufu/seifert0772_zf_0005_0.jpg) + +{{< columns >}} + +祥林嫂的一生是受压迫受欺辱的一生,是不断挣扎和反抗的一生,但以孔孟之道为反动理论基础的封建社会的四大绳索------政权、族权、神权和夫权却紧紧地束缚她。她不仅在物质上、肉体上受尽压榨和摧残,而且在精神上也受尽种种鄙视和嘲笑;不仅生前哀哀无告,还须怀着恐怖走向死亡------对于她,不是意味着悲惨生活的结束,而是成了另一种最大的恐怖的开始,这就深刻揭露了封建礼教和迷信勾结一起残酷压迫劳动人民的本质。祥林嫂的形象,是鲁迅深刻地概括了封建社会千百万被压迫人民的遭遇而写成的一个悲惨的典型人物,它有力地控诉了孔老二反动礼教的思想实质和封建主义制度的野蛮性和残酷性。杀人不见而血的刽子手鲁四,就是孔老二的徒子徒孙。鲁迅先生写这篇作品,就是为了号召人民向这些吃人的势力进行斗争。 + +在当前批林批孔的斗争中,《祝福》对于识破孔孟之道的反动本质有着一定的意义,困此我们编绘这本连环画出版。 + +<---> + +The life of Xianglin's wife was a life filled with oppression and humiliation, a life of constant struggle and resistance. But the four major feudal bonds -- political authority, kinship authority, theocratic authority and patriarchic authority -- bound her tightly to the Confucian and Menzian doctrines, which serve as the basis of the reactionary feudal society. She not only suffered severely from material and physical oppression and destruction, but also suffered psychologically from all sorts of contempt and mockery. Not only did she suffer unspeakable grief during her lifetime, moreover, but she faced death with horror as well - for her, death did not mean the end of a tragic life, but the beginning of even greater terror of a different kind. This profoundly uncovers the collusive nature of feudal Confucian ethics and superstition in mercilessly suppressing the working people. The figure of Xianglin's wife is an epitome of the billions of people oppressed by feudal society. It is also a typical tragic character created by Lu Xun that powerfully denounces the reactionary essence of the Confucian ethical ideology, as well as the cruel and barbaric nature of the feudal system. Mr. Lu, the executioner who kills without the shedding of blood is a disciple of Confucius. Lu Xun wrote this work in order to call on the people to struggle against these cannibalistic forces. + +In the current struggle to criticize Lin Biao and Confucius, "The New Year's Sacrifice" is of considerable significance in revealing the reactionary nature of the Confucian and Menzian doctrines, therefore we compile and publish this *lianhuanhua*. + +{{< /columns >}} + +## Further remark in the reprint: + +(not shown) + +{{< columns >}} + +本书由我社1957年首次出版,1963年修订再版,现根据读者需求,纳入"现代故事画库"系列重新出版。 + +<---> + +This book was first published by our publishing house in 1957, revised and republished in 1963. As requested by our readers, we have now included it into our "Image Repository of Modern Stories" series for a new edition. + +{{< /columns >}} diff --git a/content/zhufu/B-page-01.md b/content/zhufu/B-page-01.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..552591c --- /dev/null +++ b/content/zhufu/B-page-01.md @@ -0,0 +1,14 @@ +--- +title: Page 01 +--- + +![zhufu panel](./../../images/zhufu/seifert0772_zf_0006_001.jpg) + +{{< columns >}} + 有一年初冬,鲁镇鲁四老爷家里要换女工,做中人的卫老婆子带来了一个女工,年纪大约二十六,七岁,脸色青黄,但两颊却还是红的。 + +<---> + +One year in early winter, the family of Mr. Lu in the town of Luzhen wanted to change their female worker. Old Wei, who acted as a middlewoman, brought a female worker, roughly 26 or 27 years old. She had a sallow face, but her cheeks were still reddish. + +{{< /columns >}} diff --git a/content/zhufu/B-page-02.md b/content/zhufu/B-page-02.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..5105329 --- /dev/null +++ b/content/zhufu/B-page-02.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +--- +title: Page 02 +--- + +![zhufu panel](./../../images/zhufu/seifert0772_zf_0007_002.jpg) + +{{< columns >}} + +卫老婆子叫她祥林嫂,说是自己母家的邻舍,死了当家人,所以出来做工。鲁四老爷皱了皱眉,鲁四太太已经知道了他的意思,是在讨厌她是一个寡妇。 + +<---> + +Old Wei called her Xianglin's wife, said she was her maternal family's neighbour, and she came out to work because her husband had died. Mr. Lu frowned, and his wife immediately knew what he meant, that he disliked the status of Xianglin's wife as a widow. + +{{< /columns >}} diff --git a/content/zhufu/B-page-03.md b/content/zhufu/B-page-03.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..4aeda0c --- /dev/null +++ b/content/zhufu/B-page-03.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +--- +title: Page 03 +--- + +![zhufu panel](./../../images/zhufu/seifert0772_zf_0008_003.jpg) + +{{< columns >}} + +但鲁四太太看祥林嫂模样还周正,手脚都壮大,很像一个安分耐劳的人,便不管四老爷的皱眉,将她留下试工了。 + +<---> + +But Mrs. Lu thought her appearance very presentable, with strong hands and feet, and she looked like an honest and hard-working person, so she and kept her for a trial period regardless of Mr. Lu's frown. + +{{< /columns >}} diff --git a/content/zhufu/B-page-04.md b/content/zhufu/B-page-04.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..04dfee5 --- /dev/null +++ b/content/zhufu/B-page-04.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +--- +title: Page 04 +--- + +![zhufu panel](./../../images/zhufu/seifert0772_zf_0009_004.jpg) + +{{< columns >}} + +试工期内,祥林嫂整天的做,似乎闲着就无聊,她又有力,简直抵得过一个男子,所以第三天就定局,每月钱五百文。 + +<---> + +During the trial period, Xianglin's wife worked around the clock and seemed to get bored whenever she was idle. Besides, she was so strong that she could compete over a man, so on the third day, it was settled that she would stay and earn 500 wen per month. + +{{< /columns >}} diff --git a/content/zhufu/B-page-05.md b/content/zhufu/B-page-05.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..b61da80 --- /dev/null +++ b/content/zhufu/B-page-05.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +--- +title: Page 05 +--- + +![zhufu panel](./../../images/zhufu/seifert0772_zf_0010_005.jpg) + +{{< columns >}} + +祥林嫂不很爱说话,别人问了才回答,答的也不多。直到十几天之后,别人陆续的知道:她家里还有严厉的婆婆,一个小叔子;她是春天没了丈夫的,她丈夫活着时打柴为生,比她小十岁。大家所知道的也就只是这一点。 + +<---> + +Xianglin's wife did not talk much and answered only when addressed, and her answers were brief. A dozen days had passed before other people learned bit-by-bit, that she had a harsh mother-in-law at home and a younger brother-in-law; she had lost her husband in the spring; her husband, 10 years younger than her, had gathered firewood for a living before he died. These were all that people knew about her. + +{{< /columns >}} diff --git a/content/zhufu/B-page-06.md b/content/zhufu/B-page-06.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..4a21cf1 --- /dev/null +++ b/content/zhufu/B-page-06.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +--- +title: Page 06 +--- + +![zhufu panel](./../../images/zhufu/seifert0772_zf_0011_006.jpg) + +{{< columns >}} + +日子很快的过去了,她的做工却毫没有松懈。人们都说鲁四老爷家里雇着了女工,实在比勤快的男人还勤快。到年底,扫尘,洗地,杀鸡,宰鹅,彻夜的煮福礼,全是一人担当,竟没有添短工。她的口角边渐渐的有了笑影,脸上也白胖了。 + +<---> + +The days passed quickly, but her work never slacked off. Everyone said the female worker employed by Mr. Lu indeed was more diligent than a diligent man. By the end of the year, sweeping the dust, washing the ground, killing the chickens, slaughtering the geese, and preparing blessing ceremonies all night long, all of which were done by her alone without additional short-term helpers. The corners of her mouth gradually had a hint of a smile, her face also grew fairer and plumber. + +{{< /columns >}} diff --git a/content/zhufu/B-page-07.md b/content/zhufu/B-page-07.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..f51811c --- /dev/null +++ b/content/zhufu/B-page-07.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +--- +title: Page 07 +--- + +![zhufu panel](./../../images/zhufu/seifert0772_zf_0012_007.jpg) + +{{< columns >}} + +新年才过,祥林嫂从河边淘米回来时,忽而失了色,说刚才远远的看见一个男人在对岸徘徊,很像夫家的堂伯,恐怕是正为寻她而来了。鲁四太太很惊疑,打听底细,她又不说。 + +<---> + +Just after the new year, once when Xianglin's wife came back from rinsing rice by the river, she suddenly went pale and said that she just saw from afar a man pacing up and down on the other side of the riverband, who looked very similar to her husband's cousin. She was afraid that he had come to find her. Mrs. Lu was suspicious, but when she asked for details, Xianglin's wife would not say anything. + +{{< /columns >}} diff --git a/content/zhufu/B-page-08.md b/content/zhufu/B-page-08.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..6376038 --- /dev/null +++ b/content/zhufu/B-page-08.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +--- +title: Page 08 +--- + +![zhufu panel](./../../images/zhufu/seifert0772_zf_0013_008.jpg) + +{{< columns >}} + +鲁四老爷一知道,就皱一皱眉,对四太太说:这不好。恐怕她是逃出来的! + +<---> + +When Mr. Lu found out about this, he frowned and said to his wife: "This isn't good. I'm afraid she ran away from her family!" + +{{< /columns >}} diff --git a/content/zhufu/B-page-09.md b/content/zhufu/B-page-09.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..061d350 --- /dev/null +++ b/content/zhufu/B-page-09.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +--- +title: Page 09 +--- + +![zhufu panel](./../../images/zhufu/seifert0772_zf_0014_009.jpg) + +{{< columns >}} + +此后大约十几天,卫老婆子忽而带了一个女人来了,说是祥林嫂的婆婆。那女人虽是山里人模样,然而应酬很从容,说她特地来叫她的儿媳回家去,因为开春事务忙,家中人手不够。 + +<---> + +About ten days later, Old Wei suddenly brought a woman, saying that she was the mother-in-law of Xianglin's wife. Although the woman looked like a peasant from the mountains, her social manner was very decent. She explained that she was here to take her daughter-in-law back home as her family was short of labor in the start of a busy spring. + +{{< /columns >}} diff --git a/content/zhufu/B-page-10.md b/content/zhufu/B-page-10.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..c3748a1 --- /dev/null +++ b/content/zhufu/B-page-10.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +--- +title: Page 10 +--- + +![zhufu panel](./../../images/zhufu/seifert0772_zf_0015_010.jpg) + +{{< columns >}} + +鲁四老爷说:“既是她的婆婆要她回去,那有什么话可以说呢。”于是算清了工钱,祥林嫂一文没有用,都交给婆婆。那女人又取了衣服,道过谢,出去了。其实已经是正午。 + +<---> + +Mr. Lu said, "now that her mother-in-law wants her to go home, what can we say?" Then they settled her wages. As Xianglin's wife had not used a single coin, the entire sum was handed over to her mother-in-law. The woman picked up the clothes of Xianglin's wife, thanked Mr. Lu, and then left. It was already midday. + +{{< /columns >}} diff --git a/content/zhufu/B-page-11.md b/content/zhufu/B-page-11.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..32ebc3c --- /dev/null +++ b/content/zhufu/B-page-11.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +--- +title: Page 11 +--- + +![zhufu panel](./../../images/zhufu/seifert0772_zf_0016_011.jpg) + +{{< columns >}} + +好一会,四太太这才惊叫起来:“啊呀,米呢?祥林嫂不是去淘米的么?”于是大家分头寻淘箩。四太太先到厨下,再到堂前,后到卧房,全不见淘箩的影子。 + +<---> + +After a while, Mrs. Lu cried out, "Ah, where is the rice? Didn't Xianglin's wife go out to rinse the rice?" People scattered up to look for the rice basket. Mrs. Lu checked the kitchen, then the hall, afterwards the bedroom, but she didn't see even a shadow of it. + +{{< /columns >}} diff --git a/content/zhufu/B-page-12.md b/content/zhufu/B-page-12.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..acd3a23 --- /dev/null +++ b/content/zhufu/B-page-12.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +--- +title: Page 12 +--- + +![zhufu panel](./../../images/zhufu/seifert0772_zf_0017_012.jpg) + +{{< columns >}} + +四老爷踱出门外,也不见,直到河边,才见淘箩平平正正的放在岸上,旁边还有一株菜。 + +<---> + +Mr. Lu checked outside, and did not find any trace of it either. He finally found it placed neatly on the river bank, with a bunch of vegetables next to it. + +{{< /columns >}} diff --git a/content/zhufu/B-page-13.md b/content/zhufu/B-page-13.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..e54d249 --- /dev/null +++ b/content/zhufu/B-page-13.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +--- +title: Page 13 +--- + +![zhufu panel](./../../images/zhufu/seifert0772_zf_0018_013.jpg) + +{{< columns >}} + +看见的人报告说,河里面上午就停了一只白篷船,篷是全盖起来的。待到祥林嫂出来淘米,刚刚要跪下去,船里便突然跳出两个男人来,像是山里人,一个抱住她,一个帮着,拖进船去。 + +<---> + +Bystanders reported that there had been a boat moored on the river since the morning, fully covered with a white canopy. When Xianglin's wife knelt down to wash the rice, two men looking like peasants from the mountains suddenly jumped out of the boat. One man caught her and, with the help of the other, dragged her into the boat. + +{{< /columns >}} diff --git a/content/zhufu/B-page-14.md b/content/zhufu/B-page-14.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..54565f9 --- /dev/null +++ b/content/zhufu/B-page-14.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +--- +title: Page 14 +--- + +![zhufu panel](./../../images/zhufu/seifert0772_zf_0019_014.jpg) + +{{< columns >}} + +又说,祥林嫂还哭喊了几声,此后便再也没有什么声息,大约给用什么堵住了罢。接着就走上两个女人来,一个不认识,一个就是卫老婆子。窥探舱里,不很分明,祥林嫂像是捆了躺在船板上。 + +<---> + +They continued to report, that Xianglin's wife cried out a few times and then fell into silence. Her mouth was probably stuffed by something. Afterwards, two women appeared, one of them unknown, the other one Old Wei. The bystanders peeped in. It was not quite clear, but Xianglin's wife seemed to be tied up lying on the deck. + +{{< /columns >}} diff --git a/content/zhufu/B-page-15.md b/content/zhufu/B-page-15.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..dec3978 --- /dev/null +++ b/content/zhufu/B-page-15.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +--- +title: Page 15 +--- + +![zhufu panel](./../../images/zhufu/seifert0772_zf_0020_015.jpg) + +{{< columns >}} + +午饭之后,卫老婆子又来了。四老爷说:“可恶!”四太太愤愤地说:“你自己荐她来,又合伙劫她去,成个什么样子?你拿我们家里开玩笑么?” + +<---> + +Old Wei came again after lunch. Mr. Lu said, "How dreadful is this!" Mrs. Lu said angrily, "It was you yourself who recommended her to work here, and now you just helped others to kidnap her back, what is this? Are you trying to make a joke out of our family?" + +{{< /columns >}} diff --git a/content/zhufu/B-page-16.md b/content/zhufu/B-page-16.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..88595b4 --- /dev/null +++ b/content/zhufu/B-page-16.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +--- +title: Page 16 +--- + +![zhufu panel](./../../images/zhufu/seifert0772_zf_0021_016.jpg) + +{{< columns >}} + +卫老婆子连忙说:“啊呀啊呀! 我真上当。对不起,四老爷,四太太。她来求我荐地方,我哪里料得到是瞒着她的婆婆的呢。这一回我一定荐一个好的来折罪……。” + +<---> + +Old Wei answered hurriedly, "Ah, ah! I was fooled. I apologize for this, Mr. and Mrs. Lu. She had come to me and begged for a work recommendation. How could I have known that she concealed this from her mother-in-law? Next time, I will find someone better to make up for the mistake." + +{{< /columns >}} diff --git a/content/zhufu/B-page-17.md b/content/zhufu/B-page-17.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..0b40698 --- /dev/null +++ b/content/zhufu/B-page-17.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +--- +title: Page 17 +--- + +![zhufu panel](./../../images/zhufu/seifert0772_zf_0022_017.jpg) + +{{< columns >}} + +原来祥林嫂瞒着她婆婆出来做工, 她婆婆要给小儿子娶媳妇,不把她嫁了就没有钱做聘礼,所以把她许给了贺家墺的贺老六。祥林嫂回家之后,她婆婆就逼她上轿。 + +<---> + +As it turned out, Xianglin's wife had left for work without telling her mother-in-law. Her mother-in-law wanted to find a wife for her younger son, and without the income from marrying her off they could not afford to pay the bride price. Xianglin\'s wife was thus promised to He Laoliu of Hejia Village. After Xianglin's wife came home, her mother-in-law forced her to enter the bridal sedan chair. + +{{< /columns >}} diff --git a/content/zhufu/B-page-18.md b/content/zhufu/B-page-18.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..566c9f9 --- /dev/null +++ b/content/zhufu/B-page-18.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +--- +title: Page 18 +--- + +![zhufu panel](./../../images/zhufu/seifert0772_zf_0023_018.jpg) + +{{< columns >}} + +祥林嫂不依,她婆婆就叫小儿子把她用绳子一捆,塞在花轿里。祥林嫂一路只是嚎,骂,花轿抬到贺家墺,她喉咙已经全哑了。 + +<---> + +Xianglin's wife would not comply, so her mother-in-law told the younger son to tie her up with a rope and shove her into the sedan chair. Xianglin's wife howled and cursed the whole way, so by the time they arrived at Hejia Village, she was completely hoarse. + +{{< /columns >}} diff --git a/content/zhufu/B-page-19.md b/content/zhufu/B-page-19.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..d3a3a1d --- /dev/null +++ b/content/zhufu/B-page-19.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +--- +title: Page 19 +--- + +![zhufu panel](./../../images/zhufu/seifert0772_zf_0024_019.jpg) + +{{< columns >}} + +拉出轿来,贺老六的哥哥和祥林嫂的小叔子使劲的擒住她,也还拜不成天地。 + +<---> + +After being pulled out of the sedan chair, He Laoliu's brother and her late husband's brother exerted all their strength to restrain her, nonetheless they still could not make her complete the kowtows of the wedding ceremony. + +{{< /columns >}} diff --git a/content/zhufu/B-page-20.md b/content/zhufu/B-page-20.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..dd75326 --- /dev/null +++ b/content/zhufu/B-page-20.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +--- +title: Page 20 +--- + +![zhufu panel](./../../images/zhufu/seifert0772_zf_0025_020.jpg) + +{{< columns >}} + +他们一不小心,一松手,祥林嫂就一头撞在香案角上,头上碰了一个大窟窿,鲜血直流,用了两把香灰,包上两块红布还止不住血。 + +<---> + +When they, for a second, accidentally loosened their grip, Xianglin's wife rammed her head into the corner of the incense burner table. She struck a large hole into her head, and fresh blood was flowing. They put two handfuls of incense ash on the wound and wrapped it with two pieces of red cloth, but they still could not stop the blood flow. + +{{< /columns >}} diff --git a/content/zhufu/B-page-21.md b/content/zhufu/B-page-21.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..36024d3 --- /dev/null +++ b/content/zhufu/B-page-21.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +--- +title: Page 21 +--- + +![zhufu panel](./../../images/zhufu/seifert0772_zf_0026_021.jpg) + +{{< columns >}} + +直到他们七手八脚地将她和贺老六反关在新房里,她还是骂。 + +<---> + +Even when they, with many other people lending hands, finally managed to lock her and He Laoliu up in the bridal chamber, she still kept on cursing. + +{{< /columns >}} diff --git a/content/zhufu/B-page-22.md b/content/zhufu/B-page-22.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..7200c26 --- /dev/null +++ b/content/zhufu/B-page-22.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +--- +title: Page 22 +--- + +![zhufu panel](./../../images/zhufu/seifert0772_zf_0027_022.jpg) + +{{< columns >}} + +后来,祥林嫂到底拗不过,这才依顺了。贺老六有的是力气,会做活,房子是自家的,上头又没有婆婆,别人都说她交了好运。到年底,她就生了一个胖儿子,取名阿毛。 + +<---> + +At last, Xianglin's wife was unable to resist any longer, and she obeyed. He Laoliu had strength, he could work, the house was his family's, and there was no mother-in-law over her head, so others said that she hit the jackpot. At the end of the year, she gave birth to a plump son named Ah Mao. + +{{< /columns >}} diff --git a/content/zhufu/B-page-23.md b/content/zhufu/B-page-23.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..fc5d2a4 --- /dev/null +++ b/content/zhufu/B-page-23.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +--- +title: Page 23 +--- + +![zhufu panel](./../../images/zhufu/seifert0772_zf_0028_023.jpg) + +{{< columns >}} + +不料过了三年,贺老六染上伤寒症,本来已经好了的,吃了一碗冷饭,复发了,年纪青青的丧了命。 + +<---> + +Unexpectedly, after three years, He Laoliu caught typhoid fever. He had already recovered, but after eating a bowl of cold rice, he relapsed and died at a young age. + +{{< /columns >}} diff --git a/content/zhufu/B-page-24.md b/content/zhufu/B-page-24.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..3a5c835 --- /dev/null +++ b/content/zhufu/B-page-24.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +--- +title: Page 24 +--- + +![zhufu panel](./../../images/zhufu/seifert0772_zf_0029_024.jpg) + +{{< columns >}} + +祥林嫂打柴,摘茶, 养蚕,苦苦的扶养着儿子阿毛。 + +<---> + +Xianglin's wife gathered firewood, plucked tea, raised silkworms, struggling to raise her son Ah Mao. + +{{< /columns >}} diff --git a/content/zhufu/B-page-25.md b/content/zhufu/B-page-25.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..09dfb62 --- /dev/null +++ b/content/zhufu/B-page-25.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +--- +title: Page 25 +--- + +![zhufu panel](./../../images/zhufu/seifert0772_zf_0030_025.jpg) + +{{< columns >}} + +第二年春天,这一日,祥林嫂一清早起来就开了门,拿小篮盛了一篮豆,叫阿毛坐在门槛上剥豆子。 + +<---> + +One day in the following spring, Xianglin's wife opened the door early in the morning, scooped a basketful of beans into a small basket, and called Ah Mao to sit at the threshold and shell beans. + +{{< /columns >}} diff --git a/content/zhufu/B-page-26.md b/content/zhufu/B-page-26.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..3a6c671 --- /dev/null +++ b/content/zhufu/B-page-26.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +--- +title: Page 26 +--- + +![zhufu panel](./../../images/zhufu/seifert0772_zf_0031_026.jpg) + +{{< columns >}} + +她自己就在屋后劈柴,淘米,米下了锅,要蒸豆了,她这才叫阿毛。 + +<---> + +She herself was at the back of the house chopping firewood and rinsing rice. After putting the rice into the pot, it was time to steam the beans, and only then did she call Ah Mao. + +{{< /columns >}} diff --git a/content/zhufu/B-page-27.md b/content/zhufu/B-page-27.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..4ecd4b6 --- /dev/null +++ b/content/zhufu/B-page-27.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +--- +title: Page 27 +--- + +![zhufu panel](./../../images/zhufu/seifert0772_zf_0032_027.jpg) + +{{< columns >}} + +没有应,她出来一看,只见豆撒得一地,没有她的阿毛了。 + +<---> + +When there was no response, she went outside to look. All that could be seen were beans scattered all over the ground. Her Ah Mao was gone. + +{{< /columns >}} diff --git a/content/zhufu/B-page-28.md b/content/zhufu/B-page-28.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..623c989 --- /dev/null +++ b/content/zhufu/B-page-28.md @@ -0,0 +1,14 @@ +--- +title: Page 28 +--- + +![zhufu panel](./../../images/zhufu/seifert0772_zf_0033_028.jpg) + +{{< columns >}} + 她各处去问,都没有,她急了,央人出去寻。 + +<---> + +She asked around everywhere, but no one had seen him. She became worried, and begged people to go search for him. + +{{< /columns >}} diff --git a/content/zhufu/B-page-29.md b/content/zhufu/B-page-29.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..d1776ec --- /dev/null +++ b/content/zhufu/B-page-29.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +--- +title: Page 29 +--- + +![zhufu panel](./../../images/zhufu/seifert0772_zf_0034_029.jpg) + +{{< columns >}} + +直到下半天,寻来寻去寻到山墺里,看见刺柴上挂着一只阿毛的小鞋。大家都说:“糟了,怕是遭了狼了。” + +<---> + +Until the afternoon, they searched all over and reached a mountain clearing, where they saw one of Ah Mao's little shoes hanging on a thorny branch. They all said: "Oh no, it looks like a wolf got him." + +{{< /columns >}} diff --git a/content/zhufu/B-page-30.md b/content/zhufu/B-page-30.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..256e97a --- /dev/null +++ b/content/zhufu/B-page-30.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +--- +title: Page 30 +--- + +![zhufu panel](./../../images/zhufu/seifert0772_zf_0035_030.jpg) + +{{< columns >}} + +再寻进去,阿毛果然躺在草窠里,肚里的五脏已经都给狼吃空了,手上还紧紧地捏着那只小篮。 + +<---> + +Continuing the search, they indeed found Ah Mao lying in a grassy den, his guts already eaten away by the wolf. His hand was still tightly grasping the small basket. + +{{< /columns >}} diff --git a/content/zhufu/B-page-31.md b/content/zhufu/B-page-31.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..a6c9ada --- /dev/null +++ b/content/zhufu/B-page-31.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +--- +title: Page 31 +--- + +![zhufu panel](./../../images/zhufu/seifert0772_zf_0036_031.jpg) + +{{< columns >}} + +现在,祥林嫂只剩了一个光身了。 + +<---> + +Now, Xianglin's wife was left with nothing but her lone self. + +{{< /columns >}} diff --git a/content/zhufu/B-page-32.md b/content/zhufu/B-page-32.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..e9cd26a --- /dev/null +++ b/content/zhufu/B-page-32.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +--- +title: Page 32 +--- + +![zhufu panel](./../../images/zhufu/seifert0772_zf_0037_032.jpg) + +{{< columns >}} + +到秋天,贺老六的哥哥竟来收屋,把她赶了出来。 + +<---> + +When autumn came, He Laoliu's older brother took over the house and threw her. + +{{< /columns >}} diff --git a/content/zhufu/B-page-33.md b/content/zhufu/B-page-33.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..6ec16f7 --- /dev/null +++ b/content/zhufu/B-page-33.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +--- +title: Page 33 +--- + +![zhufu panel](./../../images/zhufu/seifert0772_zf_0038_033.jpg) + +{{< columns >}} + +祥林嫂走投无路,只好拎了一只荸荠式的圆篮,一个小铺盖,又到鲁镇来找卫老婆子。 + +<---> + +Xianglin's wife had nowhere to go, carrying around a basket shaped like a water chestnut and a small bedroll, she came again to Luzhen looking for Old Wei. + +{{< /columns >}} diff --git a/content/zhufu/B-page-34.md b/content/zhufu/B-page-34.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..a82dc92 --- /dev/null +++ b/content/zhufu/B-page-34.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +--- +title: Page 34 +--- + +![zhufu panel](./../../images/zhufu/seifert0772_zf_0039_034.jpg) + +{{< columns >}} + +卫老婆子又将她带来鲁四老爷家里来了。四太太踌踌了一会,便叫祥林嫂拿圆篮和铺盖到下房去。四老爷照例皱皱眉,但鉴于向来雇用女工之难,也就并不大反对。 + +<---> + +Old Wei brought her to Mr. Lu's house again. His wife hesitated for a while, but eventually told Xianglin's wife to bring her basket and bedroll to the servant's room. Mr. Lu frowned as usual, but in view of the difficulty of employing female workers, he did not oppose. + +{{< /columns >}} diff --git a/content/zhufu/B-page-35.md b/content/zhufu/B-page-35.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..12a0ed6 --- /dev/null +++ b/content/zhufu/B-page-35.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +--- +title: Page 35 +--- + +![zhufu panel](./../../images/zhufu/seifert0772_zf_0040_035.jpg) + +{{< columns >}} + +四老爷只是暗暗告诫四太太说,祥林嫂这种人虽然似乎很可怜,但是败坏风俗,用她帮忙还可以,祭祀时候可用不着她沾手,否则,不干不净,祖宗不是吃的。 + +<---> + +Mr. Lu cautioned his wife in private, that although someone like Xianglin's wife seems pitiful, she exerts a bad moral influence. It is okay to use her help, but she should not lend a hand during the sacrifices. Otherwise, the ancestors would not eat on because of her taints. + +{{< /columns >}} diff --git a/content/zhufu/B-page-36.md b/content/zhufu/B-page-36.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..6ed0d68 --- /dev/null +++ b/content/zhufu/B-page-36.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +--- +title: Page 36 +--- + +![zhufu panel](./../../images/zhufu/seifert0772_zf_0041_036.jpg) + +{{< columns >}} + +鲁四老爷家里最重大的事件是祭祀,祥林嫂先前最忙的时候也就是祭祀,这回她却清闲了。桌子放在堂中央,她去分配酒杯和筷子。四太太慌忙地说:“祥林嫂, 你放着罢!我来摆。” + +<---> + +Sacrificing to the ancestors was the biggest event for the family of Mr. Lu. Previously, the sacrifices were also the busiest time for Xianglin's wife. This time, however, she had nothing to do. The table was set in the centre of the hall, and she went to distribute glasses and chopsticks. Mrs. Lu rushed to say: "Xianglin's wife, leave it there! I'll do it." + +{{< /columns >}} diff --git a/content/zhufu/B-page-37.md b/content/zhufu/B-page-37.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..fba6a96 --- /dev/null +++ b/content/zhufu/B-page-37.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +--- +title: Page 37 +--- + +![zhufu panel](./../../images/zhufu/seifert0772_zf_0042_037.jpg) + +{{< columns >}} + +她只好缩了手,又去取烛台,四太太慌忙地说:“祥林嫂,你放着罢!我来拿。” + +<---> + +She was forced to withdraw her hand and went to pick up a candlestick. Mrs. Lu said in a panic: "Xianglin's wife, leave it there! I'll get it." + +{{< /columns >}} diff --git a/content/zhufu/B-page-38.md b/content/zhufu/B-page-38.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..3220ec0 --- /dev/null +++ b/content/zhufu/B-page-38.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +--- +title: Page 38 +--- + +![zhufu panel](./../../images/zhufu/seifert0772_zf_0043_038.jpg) + +{{< columns >}} + +她转了几个圆圈,终于没有事情做,只得疑惑的走开。她在这一天可做的事只不过坐在灶下烧火。 + +<---> + +After making a few rounds around the house, finally, there was nothing left for her to do but to walk away in confusion. All she could do on this day was to sit by the stove and tend to the fire. + +{{< /columns >}} diff --git a/content/zhufu/B-page-39.md b/content/zhufu/B-page-39.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..022a7a0 --- /dev/null +++ b/content/zhufu/B-page-39.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +--- +title: Page 39 +--- + +![zhufu panel](./../../images/zhufu/seifert0772_zf_0044_039.jpg) + +{{< columns >}} + +镇上的人们仍然叫她祥林嫂,但音调和先前很不同;也还和她讲话,但笑容却冷冷的了。她全不理会那些事,只是直着眼睛,和大家讲她的儿子遭狼的故事,讲完就淌下眼泪来,声音也呜咽了。 + +<---> + +Townspeople still called her Xianglin's wife, but the tone was very different from before. They still talked with her, but their smiles had turned cold. She ignored those things, and with straight eyes she told everyone the story of how her son had been attacked by a wolf. When she finished her tale, she shed tears and her voice choked with sobs. + +{{< /columns >}} diff --git a/content/zhufu/B-page-40.md b/content/zhufu/B-page-40.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..fa8add4 --- /dev/null +++ b/content/zhufu/B-page-40.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +--- +title: Page 40 +--- + +![zhufu panel](./../../images/zhufu/seifert0772_zf_0045_040.jpg) + +{{< columns >}} + +这故事倒颇有效,男人听了,往往收起笑容,没趣的走开了;女人们却像宽恕了她似的,脸上立刻改换了鄙薄的神气,还要陪出许多眼泪来。 + +<---> + +This story worked quite effectively. The men would stop smiling and walk away uninterestedly after they heard it. The women would seem to forgive her, immediately changing the contemptuous looks on their faces, and shedding tears along with her. + + {{< /columns >}} diff --git a/content/zhufu/B-page-41.md b/content/zhufu/B-page-41.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..548b834 --- /dev/null +++ b/content/zhufu/B-page-41.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +--- +title: Page 41 +--- + +![zhufu panel](./../../images/zhufu/seifert0772_zf_0046_041.jpg) + +{{< columns >}} + +她就只是反复的向人说她悲惨的故事,倘一看见两三岁的小孩子,她就想引出她的阿毛的故事来,说:“唉唉!我们的阿毛如果还在,也就有这么大了。……” + +<---> + +She just kept telling people again and again about her tragedy. Whenever she saw a two- or three-year-old child, she would bring up the story about her Ah-mao, and say, "Ah ah! If our Ah-mao were still alive, he would be around that age…"  + +{{< /columns >}} diff --git a/content/zhufu/B-page-42.md b/content/zhufu/B-page-42.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..d53d590 --- /dev/null +++ b/content/zhufu/B-page-42.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +--- +title: Page 42 +--- + +![zhufu panel](./../../images/zhufu/seifert0772_zf_0047_042.jpg) + +{{< columns >}} + +但不久,全镇的人们几乎都能背诵她的话,一听到就烦厌得头痛,立即打断她的话,走开去了,让她张着口怔怔地站着。 + +<---> + +But before long, almost everyone in town could recite her words. As soon as they heard it, they instantly turned very annoyed, interrupted her at once, walked away, and left her standing in a daze with her mouth hanging open.  + +{{< /columns >}} diff --git a/content/zhufu/B-page-43.md b/content/zhufu/B-page-43.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..4edac05 --- /dev/null +++ b/content/zhufu/B-page-43.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +--- +title: Page 43 +--- + +![zhufu panel](./../../images/zhufu/seifert0772_zf_0048_043.jpg) + +{{< columns >}} + +从此她死尸似的脸上就整日没有笑影,主人们觉得她手脚也没有先前那样灵活,口气上更有些不满了。 + +<---> + +From then on, the smile had disappeared from her corpse-like face. Her employers found her work not as efficient as before, therefore their tone towards her became more dissatisfied. + +{{< /columns >}} diff --git a/content/zhufu/B-page-44.md b/content/zhufu/B-page-44.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..13f20d1 --- /dev/null +++ b/content/zhufu/B-page-44.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +--- +title: Page 44 +--- + +![zhufu panel](./../../images/zhufu/seifert0772_zf_0049_044.jpg) + +{{< columns >}} + +转眼又到了年底,腊月二十以后,鲁四老爷家里又要忙着过新年了,这回另叫柳妈做帮手。柳妈是善女人,吃素,不肯杀鸡宰鹅,只管洗器皿。祥林嫂除烧火之外,没有别的事,闲坐着看柳妈洗器皿。 + +<---> + +In the blink of an eye, it was the end of another year. After the 20th day of the twelfth lunar month, the Lu household was busy with the New Year's celebration again. This time, they found an extra help, Auntie Liu. Auntie Liu was a Buddhist vegetarian woman who refused to kill chickens and geese, but merely washed the vessels. Xianglin's wife had nothing to do except tend the fire, so she sat idly watching Auntie Liu wash the vessels. + +{{< /columns >}} diff --git a/content/zhufu/B-page-45.md b/content/zhufu/B-page-45.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..53c7f20 --- /dev/null +++ b/content/zhufu/B-page-45.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +--- +title: Page 45 +--- + +![zhufu panel](./../../images/zhufu/seifert0772_zf_0050_045.jpg) + +{{< columns >}} + +柳妈看着祥林嫂说:“你和你第二个男人过活不到两年,倒落了一件罪名。你将来到阴司去,那两个死鬼的男人还要争,你给谁好呢?阎罗大王只好把你锯开来,分给他们。” + +<---> + +Auntie Liu looked at Xianglin's wife and said: "You and your second husband were together for less than two years, yet you are guilty of a great sin. When you arrive in the nether world, the ghosts of those two husbands will fight, whom will you be given to? The great king Yama will have to saw you apart and divide you between them." + +{{< /columns >}} diff --git a/content/zhufu/B-page-46.md b/content/zhufu/B-page-46.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..06ac864 --- /dev/null +++ b/content/zhufu/B-page-46.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +--- +title: Page 46 +--- + +![zhufu panel](./../../images/zhufu/seifert0772_zf_0051_046.jpg) + +{{< columns >}} + +她听了柳妈的话,脸上就显出恐怖的神色来。柳吗接着说:“我想,你不如及早抵当。你到土地庙里。去捐一条门槛,当作你的替身,给千人踏,万人跨,赎了这一世的罪名,免得死了去受苦。” + +<---> + +When she heard Auntie Liu's words, a look of horror appeared on her face. Auntie Liu continued: "I think, it would be better if you go to compensate for it as soon as possible. Go to the Temple of the Village God. Donate a threshold, make it as your substitute, let thousands of people step on it, let tens of thousands of people cross over it in order to atone for your sins in life, so that you will not have to suffer in death." + +{{< /columns >}} diff --git a/content/zhufu/B-page-47.md b/content/zhufu/B-page-47.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..d69394d --- /dev/null +++ b/content/zhufu/B-page-47.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +--- +title: Page 47 +--- + +![zhufu panel](./../../images/zhufu/seifert0772_zf_0052_047.jpg) + +{{< columns >}} + +头天晚上,祥林嫂想着柳妈的话,越想越怕,到天亮才蒙胧睡去,又做了一个恶梦。第二天,早饭之后,她便到镇西头的土地庙里去求捐门槛。庙祝起初不允许,直到她急得流泪,才勉强答应了。价目是大钱十二千。 + +<---> + +That evening, Xianglin's wife thought about Auntie Liu's words, the more she thought about it the more afraid she became. Only at dawn did she fall into a hazy sleep, and even then she had a nightmare. The next day, after breakfast, she went to the Temple of the Village God at the west end of town to ask to donate a threshold. At first, the temple attendant did not give his permission, only when she shed tears out of fear did he grudgingly agree. The price was twelve thousand large copper coins. + +{{< /columns >}} diff --git a/content/zhufu/B-page-48.md b/content/zhufu/B-page-48.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..bdf4189 --- /dev/null +++ b/content/zhufu/B-page-48.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +--- +title: Page 48 +--- + +![zhufu panel](./../../images/zhufu/seifert0772_zf_0053_048.jpg) + +{{< columns >}} + +从此,她整日紧闭了,默默的跑街,扫地,洗菜,淘米。快够一年,她才从四太太手里支取了历来积存的工钱,换算了十二元鹰洋,又请假镇西头去。 + +<---> + +From then on, she became entirely closed off, silently walking the streets, sweeping the floor, washing vegetables and rinsing rice. It was almost a year later when she asked Mrs. Lu for her accumulated wages, adding up to 12 yuan and again took leave to go to the west end of the town. + +{{< /columns >}} diff --git a/content/zhufu/B-page-49.md b/content/zhufu/B-page-49.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..c00dd84 --- /dev/null +++ b/content/zhufu/B-page-49.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +--- +title: Page 49 +--- + +![zhufu panel](./../../images/zhufu/seifert0772_zf_0054_049.jpg) + +{{< columns >}} + +回来的时候,她神气舒畅,眼光也分外有神,高兴似的对四太太说,她已经在土地庙捐了门槛了。 + +<---> + +When she came home, her spirit was entirely free from worry, and her eyes were exceptionally bright, looking happy she told Mrs. Lu that she had already been at the Temple of the Village God and donated a threshold. + +{{< /columns >}} diff --git a/content/zhufu/B-page-50.md b/content/zhufu/B-page-50.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..df4c490 --- /dev/null +++ b/content/zhufu/B-page-50.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +--- +title: Page 50 +--- + +![zhufu panel](./../../images/zhufu/seifert0772_zf_0055_050.jpg) + +{{< columns >}} + +可是到冬至的祭祖时节,祥林嫂看四太太装好祭品,便坦然去拿酒杯和筷子。不料四太太照旧慌忙地大声说:“你放着罢,祥林嫂!” + +<---> + +When it came to the winter solstice and the sacrifices to the ancestors, Xianglin's wife saw Mrs. Lu preparing the sacrificial offerings and went to get the wine cups and chopsticks. But to her surprise, Mrs. Lu, as before, rushed to say: "Leave it there, Xianglin's wife!"  + +{{< /columns >}} diff --git a/content/zhufu/B-page-51.md b/content/zhufu/B-page-51.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..bb27e28 --- /dev/null +++ b/content/zhufu/B-page-51.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +--- +title: Page 51 +--- + +![zhufu panel](./../../images/zhufu/seifert0772_zf_0056_051.jpg) + +{{< columns >}} + +她像是受了炮烙似的缩了手,脸色同时变作灰黑,也不再去取烛台,只是失神的站着。 + +<---> + +She withdrew her hand as if it had been branded with red-hot metal, her face instantly became ashen, and she did not try again to fetch the candlestick, but just stood there dejectedly. + +{{< /columns >}} diff --git a/content/zhufu/B-page-52.md b/content/zhufu/B-page-52.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..4e8d3d7 --- /dev/null +++ b/content/zhufu/B-page-52.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +--- +title: Page 52 +--- + +![zhufu panel](./../../images/zhufu/seifert0772_zf_0057_052.jpg) + +{{< columns >}} + +直到四老爷上香的时候,叫她走开,她才走开。她疑惑的想:难道自己已经在土地庙捐了门槛,还不能赎了这一世的罪名么?…… + +<---> + +Only when Mr. Lu burned the joss sticks and ordered her to leave did she leave. Feeling uncertain, she thought: Could it be that despite having already paid for a threshold in contribution to the village temple, she still could not redeem herself from the sins of this life? …  + +{{< /columns >}} diff --git a/content/zhufu/B-page-53.md b/content/zhufu/B-page-53.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..93e013f --- /dev/null +++ b/content/zhufu/B-page-53.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +--- +title: Page 53 +--- + +![zhufu panel](./../../images/zhufu/seifert0772_zf_0058_053.jpg) + +{{< columns >}} + +这一回她的变化非常大,第二天,不但眼睛凹陷下去,连精神也更不济了,而且很胆怯,有如在白天出穴游行的小鼠;否则呆坐着简直是一个木偶人。 + +<---> + +This time, there was a huge change in her. The next day, her eyes were sunken down, her spirit further wasted away, and she became very timid, like a mouse wandering out of its hole in daytime; on other occasions she sat blankly, like a puppet. + +{{< /columns >}} diff --git a/content/zhufu/B-page-54.md b/content/zhufu/B-page-54.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..96f16c0 --- /dev/null +++ b/content/zhufu/B-page-54.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +--- +title: Page 54 +--- + +![zhufu panel](./../../images/zhufu/seifert0772_zf_0059_054.jpg) + +{{< columns >}} + +不到半年,她头发也花白起来了,记性尤其坏,甚而至于常常忘却了去淘米。四太太有时当面就说:“祥林嫂怎么这样了?倒不如那时不留她。”似乎是警告她,想打发她走了。 + +<---> + +Within half a year, her hair started to turn white, her memory became particularly poor, even to the point that she frequently forgot to go and rinse rice. Mrs. Lu sometimes said right in front of her: "How come Xianglin's wife becomes like this? It would have been better if we hadn't kept her." It was as if she was warning her that she wanted to dismiss her. + +{{< /columns >}} diff --git a/content/zhufu/B-page-55.md b/content/zhufu/B-page-55.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..9b62537 --- /dev/null +++ b/content/zhufu/B-page-55.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +--- +title: Page 55 +--- + +![zhufu panel](./../../images/zhufu/seifert0772_zf_0060_055.jpg) + +{{< columns >}} + +不久,四太太终于停了祥林嫂的工,叫她回到卫老婆子那里去。镇上谁家都不肯雇用她,卫老婆子也没法收留,祥林嫂就成了乞丐。她头发全白,不像四十上下的人了。 + +<---> + +Before long, Mrs. Lu finally suspended Xianglin's wife's work and told her to return to Old Wei's. No household in town was willing to employ her, and Old Wei was unable to take her in, so Xianglin's wife became a beggar. Her hair turned completely white, and she did not look like a person in their forties anymore. + +{{< /columns >}} diff --git a/content/zhufu/B-page-56.md b/content/zhufu/B-page-56.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..e2fe427 --- /dev/null +++ b/content/zhufu/B-page-56.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +--- +title: Page 56 +--- + +![zhufu panel](./../../images/zhufu/seifert0772_zf_0061_056.jpg) + +{{< columns >}} + +她见到识字的人,就用眼钉着问:“一个人死了之后,究竟有没有魂灵的?……死掉的一家人,真的都能见面么?……”但是,有谁能回答她呢!就是答得出,又能给她多少安慰呢! + + <---> + +When she came across someone literate, she fixed her stare at him and asked: "When a person dies, do they actually have a soul? ... Dead families, can they truly meet each other? ... " But, who could answer her! Even if they gave an answer, how much comfort could this give her! + +{{< /columns >}} diff --git a/content/zhufu/B-page-57.md b/content/zhufu/B-page-57.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..e253e15 --- /dev/null +++ b/content/zhufu/B-page-57.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +--- +title: Page 57 +--- + +![zhufu panel](./../../images/zhufu/seifert0772_zf_0062_057.jpg) + +{{< columns >}} + +转眼又到了年底,鲁镇的人家照例都又在“祝福”。这天天色阴暗,雪花乱糟糟的飞舞着,当鲁四老爷家里迎过福神,正在大放爆竹的时候,祥林嫂倒在河边,静悄悄的死了。 + +<---> + +In the blink of an eye, it was the end of another year, the households of Luzhen were as usual all "performing the new year's sacrifice". The day was gloomy, the snowflakes danced wildly in the air, just as the Lu household welcomed the God of Fortune, right when the fireworks were being set off, Xianglin's wife collapsed by the river bank and died quietly. + +{{< /columns >}} diff --git a/content/zhufu/_index.md b/content/zhufu/_index.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..6d75e0a --- /dev/null +++ b/content/zhufu/_index.md @@ -0,0 +1,107 @@ +--- +bookCollapseSection: true +type: docs +title: The New Year's Sacrifice 祝福 (1974) +--- + +# The New Year's Sacrifice 祝福 (1974) + +Lu Xun 鲁迅 1974: *The New Year's Sacrifice* 祝福, illustrated by Yong Xiang 永祥, Hong Ren 洪仁, Yao Qiao 姚巧, translated by Stefanie Gondorf, Lena Henningsen, Charlotte Kräker, Jingying Li, Ghost Tian, Beijing: Beijing renmin meishu chubanshe, 1974.[^1] + + +## Lost and Gained in Adaptation: + +#### Comic Book Adaptation of Lu Xun’s “The New Year’s Sacrifice” (祝福, 1974) + +Lena Henningsen and Ghost Tian + +## Introduction to the Text + +The 1974 *lianhuanhua* adaptation of Lu Xun's (鲁迅, 1881-1936) famous short story "The New Year's Sacrifice" (祝福, 1924) represents a distinct interpretation of the original. The comic can be seen as a work of art in its own right, yet it is firmly situated in Maoist discourses and in textual practices of the time. In the following, we will briefly sketch this situation, point out how the comic differs from the original as well as from an earlier adaptation. Doing so, we argue that in the process of adaptation the figure of the narrator is lost -- yet, through the images, the story also gains. + +## "The New Year's Sacrifice": Lu Xun in Maoist China + +"The New Year's Sacrifice" relates the story of Xianglin's wife: It is the story of a poor woman suffering misfortune throughout life. Her misfortune is exacerbated by the social norms of her day. She is poor to begin with, loses two husbands and her young son who is eaten by a wolf. Not only does she have to struggle constantly to make a living, she also suffers as people assume her to have accumulated sin which caused these deaths. The family which employs her even considers her unclean and thus bars her from participating in the spiritual rituals conducted during the Chinese New Year celebrations. Unable to find a way to atone for her assumed sins, Xianglin's wife loses her mind, her job, her dignity, and, finally, her life. + +In this story, Lu Xun clearly blames superstition and old customs for the fate inflicted on the protagonist. However, ambivalence is introduced into the plot as the story is told by a first-person narrator who has returned to his ancestral town after a long time. This narrator chronicles the fate of Xianglin's wife, but also his own feelings: He feels repulse when confronted with the backwardness of his uncle (Mr. Lu in the story), but he also feels awkward when confronted with the deranged woman whose questions he wants to evade. When, in the end, she dies, it seems not only the townspeople feel a sense of relief (even though the date of her death confirms earlier assumptions by the townspeople that she is inauspicious), but he himself seems relieved, too. Through this figure, the reader of the story is invited not only to condemn old morals and customs, but also to consider his (or her) own position, involvement and accountability for fates like that of Xianglin's wife. + +As such, "The New Year's Sacrifice" is very much in line with the CCP's take on 'superstitious' and 'feudal' practices. The modernist left-wing writer Lu Xun became a central figure in Mao Zedong's literary policies. In the 1942 Yan'an talks (McDougall 1980; Denton 2016), Mao established Lu Xun as one of the core models for Chinese authors to emulate. Later on, official discourse propagated Lu Xun as a revolutionary, including on propaganda posters from the early to mid 1970s (see, for example the posters collected in the [Landsberger collection](https://chineseposters.net), i.e. coinciding with the publication of this comic book. Lu Xun's works continued to be published in the PRC years, with numerous comic adaptations of this stories, and also a wave of internal publications of works by and about Lu Xun setting off in 1972 (Henningsen 2021: 173) when cultural life during the Cultural Revolution began to relax. After the Cultural Revolution, yet and another *lianhuanhua* version was published, entitled *Xianglin's Wife* 祥林嫂 based on movie stills (Lu Xun 1979). + +## "The New Year's Sacrifice" in *lianhuanhua* adaptation(s) + +This is the context which saw the publication of the present *The New Year's Sacrifice* comic. Or rather, it saw the remake of a *The New Year's Sacrifice* comic, as the artists (Yong Xiang 永祥, Hong Ren 洪仁, Yao Qiao 姚巧) redid their earlier *lianhuanhua* book in 1974. The present version rests on the adaptation of the text by Xu Gan 徐淦 from 1957 with only minor changes. The images, however, are entirely redrawn in different style. Two aspects are particularly noteworthy, both of them resulting in a reduction of complexity of the *lianhuanhua* versions vis-à-vis the original short story. One is a reduction in complexity of the plot as the first-person narrator of the story is lost in adaptation -- the other a stylistic reduction of the complexity of emotions that result from the style of the text and the accompanying images. + +Only in rare instances does the text of the *lianhuanhua* reveal the emotions the characters experience -- mostly in Mrs. Lu's reactions to her husband. The sentences accompanying the panels bring forward the action of the story, they record the dialogues between the characters. Through their actions and words, they come to life and display their different personalities. The panels add to this, they show emotional expressions on the faces of the characters and they show differences in power among the characters by how they interact with each other. So while the narratorial voice with its ambivalence and its feeling of discomfort towards the backwardness of the situation and towards Xianglin's wife have disappeared from the text, the images transmit this atmosphere. A particular strong effect is created as the tranquility and beauty of the setting in a Jiangnan town is depicted in water color panels. It forms a stark contrast to an utterly cruel story. Scenes in which Xianglin's wife suffers harshly -- such as pages 17-21 when she is remarried against her will or the penultimate page of the *lianhuanhua* -- are rendered in darker shades. + +In addition, the plot of first-person narrator of the original story is purged from the plot. Instead, the story is told by an omniscient narrator who remains outside the plot. The events are related in chronological order of Xianglin's wife's life -- and not in the order in which the first-person-narrator experiences his return to the small town and learns about the miserable fate of Xianglin's wife. While in the *lianhuanhua* her death in the snow by the river is related in the last page (the text describing how the village is celebrating the New Year -- the image depicting her lying dead and motionless in the snow), in the original short story, this inauspicious (yet relieving) death prompts the narrator to find out about her life and retell the life of Xianglin's wife. This loss of the narrator distinctly reduces the ambiguity in the original plot. + +In the original text, in candidly revealing through inner thoughts his complacent attitude towards the circumstances of Xianglin's wife, the narrator figure serves the primary function of highlighting the amoral and uncaring nature of Chinese society as Lu Xun perceived it. When the narrator has difficulty answering Xianglin's wife's questions regarding afterlife, he begins to feel "deeply unsettled" and wonders whether he had "made things worse for her" by his reply (Lu 2009: 164); it seems, at first, that the narrator is concerned with the woman's well-being. However, readers are quickly disabused of this notion as he "laughed at \[him\]self", deciding that he was "perfectly insured with that last 'I don't know'" and that "if something did now happen, it could have nothing to do with me" (Lu 2009: 164). Here, it becomes painfully obvious that the narrator cares nothing for Xianglin's wife but worries only about his own culpability in the event of a problem. When he is later told of her death, his thoughts likewise demonstrate his coldly indifferent response; he remarks in relief, "I realized the thing I had dreaded was now past; that I no longer needed to dwell obsessively on the business, on my 'I don't really know' ... I became steadily easier in my mind" (Lu 2009: 165). Notably, this is the sentiment that immediately prefaces the readers' introduction to the life story of Xianglin's wife, while the tale is concluded by the narrator waking from a nap to the sounds of New Year's celebrations. At this point, he "accepted its comfortable, torpid embrace, letting the New Year's Sacrifice cleanse me of the doubts and misgivings that had troubled me all day" (Lu 2009: 177). For the narrator, the whole of Xianglin's wife's tragic life and immeasurable suffering amounted to little more than a day of troubled thoughts, easily cleared by a nap and a lethargic welcoming of the New Year. By enveloping the story of Xianglin's wife in the apathetic outlook of this outside narrator, Lu Xun presents a disturbing and biting criticism of the callousness exhibited by society's privileged and borne by its poor. + +Lacking this narrative framework of the uncaring spectator and centering only on the experiences of Xianglin's wife, the *lianhuanhua* adaptation presents a simplistically sympathetic story which does not achieve the critical complexity of the original text. Unlike the original where two central characters---the first-person narrator and Xianglin's wife---blur the standard distinction between protagonist and antagonistic forces, the *lianhuanhua* is told from the removed point of view of an omniscient narrator with Xianglin's wife acting as a clear protagonist. The comic's text focuses on event description rather than psychological explication as in the original, and its images likewise are drawn in a realistic style with little depiction of emotional or mental states; readers are thus provided a straightforward telling of plot with no imposition of external analysis. In this way, the *lianhuanhua* is akin to a blank slate onto which readers may project their own understandings and feelings without the influence of a given narrational perspective. Because readers are likely to sympathize with the protagonist of a story, the foremost emotional takeaway from the *lianhuanhua* adaptation becomes one of simple compassion or pity rather than the disquiet aroused when asked to embody in the first-person an indifferent narrator placed in opposition to a suffering protagonist. This unsophisticated call to sympathy is an easy task for readers to fulfill, especially for a tragic character such as Xianglin's wife, and does not invite the critical reflection on societal apathy that is fundamental to Lu Xun's original short story. + +## "The New Year's Sacrifice": Continuity and change from 1957 to 1974 + +The 1957 (republished in 1963 and reprinted again in 2005) and 1974 versions have only minor changes in the texts below the panels. Only page 55 sees a larger change, with the merging of two pages into one in the 1974 version (pages 55+56 in the 1957 version are merged into one page in 1974). The images accompanying the text are similar in that often the persons are displayed in similar arrangements, though, often from different angles. The style of the images, nonetheless, is very different. While the 1974 version is drawn in watercolors, the earlier version is black and white drawings which allow and call for more simplification in style. + +Two figures, nonetheless differ among the two versions: the temple attendant and the literate person appearing towards the end of the comic. As to the former, his clothes and bold head clearly identify the 1957 temple attendant as a Buddhist monk, while his 1974 counterpart is less clearly identifiable (page 47). + +{{< tabs "zhufu47" >}} +{{< tab "1957 edition" >}} ## Page 47 + +![zhufu2_47](./../images/zhufu2/47.jpeg) + +source: [sohu.com](https://www.sohu.com/a/355550011_120441479) + +{{< /tab >}} +{{< tab "1974 edition" >}} ## Page 47 + +![zhufu_47](./../images/zhufu/seifert0772_zf_0052_047.jpg) +{{< /tab >}} + +{{< /tabs >}} + + +This might have to do with the fact that during the Cultural Revolution Buddhism had been one of the objects of criticism. + +On the penultimate page, Xianglin's wife inquires with a literate person about life after death. In both images, she is depicted as a beggar, in a crouching pose. What differs, however, are the perspective and the looks of the anonymous literate person. In 1974 (page 56), Xianglin's wife is in the center of the panel, her white face and hair radiating in front of the dark background, the literate person with whom she inquires is depicted at the left-hand corner of the page, only displaying half of his face. He has short hair, wears a dark coat and has what may be a book under his arm. In the 1957 version (page 57), however, the literate person bears the markers of an early 20th century intellectual more clearly: his hair is short, he has a moustache, he wears a scarf and a simple gown and uses its sleeves to keep his hands warm. He also has a book tucked under his arm. Here, the beggar Xianglin's wife is on left-hand side while the scholar is center stage with his face at the center of the panel: Does he not look a lot like Lu Xun? By means of this depiction of the scholar and by implying an identity of the fictional character with the original author of the story, the 1957 version manages to implicitly reintroduce the first-person narrator into the plot. After all, the confrontation with Xianglin's wife's questions and inquiries into afterlife as well as the discomfort he experiences faced with his own speechlessness were the reasons for discomfort for the narrator. Likely, such a depiction of what could be perceived as "Lu Xun" -- in scholarly gown and in an ambivalent pose (after all, on the next page, we see Xianglin's wife dead, implying the co-responsibility of the scholar in her death) might have been too much to risk in 1974 when Lu Xun had to fulfill his role as a revolutionary who contributed to the right cause with his pen unswervingly and without hesitation. + +{{< tabs "zhufu57" >}} +{{< tab "1957 edition" >}} ## Page 57 + +![zhufu2_57](./../images/zhufu2/57.jpeg) +source: [sohu.com](https://www.sohu.com/a/355550011_120441479) +{{< /tab >}} +{{< tab "1974 edition" >}} ## Page 56 + +![zhufu_57](./../images/zhufu/seifert0772_zf_0061_056.jpg) +{{< /tab >}} + +{{< /tabs >}} + +The differences in historical framing among the two versions become more obvious in their respective forewords. While the 1957 version consists of a brief summary of the plot given in relative neutral terms (as we use a digital version of the 2005 reprint which carries both a foreword and a 1963 publication remark, we assume that this is also the 1957 text, though, we cannot be fully certain of this), the 1974 foreword is more elaborate: The plot summary is about twice as long, uses much stronger vocabulary to present the story in the rhetoric of the Cultural Revolution. A second page of the same length reinforces this, first, by framing the story (and the *lianhuanhua*) as a valuable contribution to the current campaign to criticize Lin Biao and Confucius, second, by pointing out how the suffering of Xianglin's wife can be attributed to feudalism and the teachings of Confucius and Menzius and, third, by pointing out how Lu Xun intended to mobilize the "people to struggle against these cannibalistic forces" thus not only emphasizing the revolutionary nature of Lu Xun and his literature but also making use of the cannibalism trope. + +On the one hand, the adaptations represent a reduction of the complexity and ambiguity of Lu Xun's original and as such can be seen as a losing in the course of adaptation, with the realism inscribed into the images and with the loss of the ambiguous first-person narrator from Lu Xun's short story. On the other hand, however, the comics in their variety of framing and individual painting styles serve to keep the story visible and meaningful to later generations of readers. In their simplicity, they provide access to the story to a readership who may not be literate enough to read the original -- and they may add a distinct interpretation of the story for those readers familiar with the original, thus clearly representing a gain in adaptation. + +## References + +Denton, Kirk, A. 2016: "Literature and Politics: Mao Zedong's 'Yan'an Talks' and Party Rectification", in: Kirk A. Denton \[ed.\]: *The Columbia Companion to Modern Chinese Literature*, New York: Columbia University Press, 224-230. + +Henningsen, Lena 2021: *Cultural Revolution Manuscripts: Unofficial Entertainment Fiction from 1970s China*, Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan. + +Hoffmann, Hans Peter 2015: „Der Neujahrssegen Lu Xuns -- Ein Essay zum literarischen Übersetzen", in Lu, Xun 2015 (1924): *Der Neujahrssegen* (transl. Alisa Daniczek, Brigitte Höhenrieder, Hans Peter Hoffmann, Julia Neubauer, Angelika Opitz; edition pengkun), Bochum: Projektverlag, 43-72. + +Lu Xun 鲁迅 2005 (1963, 1957): *The New Year's Sacrifice* 祝福, adapted by Xu Gan 徐淦, illustrated by Yong Xiang 永祥, Hong Ren 洪仁, Yao Qiao 姚巧, Beijing: Renmin meishu chubanshe. Accessed online at: [https://www.sohu.com/a/355550011_120441479](https://www.sohu.com/a/355550011_120441479) (last access Jan. 28, 2022). + +Lu Xun 鲁迅 1974: *The New Year's Sacrifice* 祝福, illustrated by Yong Xiang 永祥, Hong Ren 洪仁, Yao Qiao 姚巧, Beijing: Renmin meishu chubanshe. + +Lu Xun 鲁迅 1979: *Xianglin's Wife* 祥林嫂, adapted by Wu Chen 吴琛, Mo Xin 沫, IMAGES Sun Weide 孙为德, Wang Qia 王恰, Shanghai: Renmin meishu chubanshe. (photos / movie stills) + +Lu, Xun 2009 (1924): "New Year's Sacrifice" (transl. Julia Lovell), in: Lu Xun: *The Real Story of Ah-Q and other Tales of China: The Complete Fiction of Lu Xun*, London: Penguin, 161-177. + +Lu, Xun 2015 (1924): *Der Neujahrssegen* (transl. Alisa Daniczek, Brigitte Höhenrieder, Hans Peter Hoffmann, Julia Neubauer, Angelika Opitz; edition pengkun), Bochum: Projektverlag. + +McDougall, Bonnie \[ed.\] 1980: *Mao Zedong\'s "Talks at the Yan\'an Conference on literature and art"*, Ann Arbor: Center for Chinese Studies, University of Michigan. + +{{
}} + +[^1]: This essay has been developed as part of the project "The Politics of Reading in the People's Republic of China" (READCHINA) which has received funding from the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme (grant agreement No. 757365) and as part of the class "Comics in China" (winter 2021/2022) taught at the University of Freiburg. diff --git a/hugo.toml b/hugo.toml new file mode 100644 index 0000000..c27bb00 --- /dev/null +++ b/hugo.toml @@ -0,0 +1,35 @@ +baseURL = 'https://chinacomx.github.io/lianhuanhuatranslations/' +languageCode = 'en-us' +title = 'Lianhuanhua Translations' +theme = 'hugo-book' + +# Book configuration +enableGitInfo = true + +[params] + # (Optional, default light) Sets color theme: light, dark or auto. + # Theme 'auto' switches between dark and light modes based on browser/os preferences + BookTheme = 'auto' + + # (Optional, default none) Set the path to a logo for the book. If the logo is + # /static/logo.png then the path would be logo.png + BookLogo = 'logo.svg' + + # (Optional, default docs) Specify root page to render child pages as menu. + # Page is resoled by .GetPage function: https://gohugo.io/functions/getpage/ + # For backward compatibility you can set '*' to render all sections to menu. Acts same as '/' + BookSection = '*' + + # Set source repository location. + # Used for 'Last Modified' and 'Edit this page' links. + BookRepo = 'https://github.com/chinacomx/lianhuanhuatranslations' + + # Enable "Edit this page" links for 'doc' page type. + # Disabled by default. Uncomment to enable. Requires 'BookRepo' param. + # Edit path must point to root directory of repo. + BookEditPath = 'edit/main' + +[markup.goldmark.renderer] + unsafe = true + +BookPortableLinks = true diff --git a/layouts/partials/docs/html-head.html b/layouts/partials/docs/html-head.html new file mode 100644 index 0000000..425b010 --- /dev/null +++ b/layouts/partials/docs/html-head.html @@ -0,0 +1,50 @@ + + + + + +{{- template "_internal/opengraph.html" . -}} + +{{ partial "docs/title" . }} | {{ .Site.Title -}} + +{{- $manifest := resources.Get "manifest.json" | resources.ExecuteAsTemplate "manifest.json" . }} + + + +{{- range .Translations }} + +{{- end -}} + + +{{- $styles := resources.Get "book.scss" | resources.ExecuteAsTemplate "book.scss" . | resources.ToCSS | resources.Minify | resources.Fingerprint }} + + +{{- if default true .Site.Params.BookSearch -}} + {{- $searchJSFile := printf "%s.search.js" .Language.Lang }} + {{- $searchJS := resources.Get "search.js" | resources.ExecuteAsTemplate $searchJSFile . | resources.Minify | resources.Fingerprint }} + + +{{ end -}} + +{{- if .Site.Params.BookServiceWorker -}} + {{- $swJS := resources.Get "sw-register.js" | resources.ExecuteAsTemplate "sw.js" . | resources.Minify | resources.Fingerprint }} + +{{ end -}} + +{{- template "_internal/google_analytics.html" . -}} + + +{{- with .OutputFormats.Get "rss" -}} + {{ printf `` .Rel .MediaType.Type .Permalink $.Site.Title | safeHTML }} +{{ end -}} + +{{ "" | safeHTML }} + +{{- define "integrity" -}} + {{- if (urls.Parse .Permalink).Host -}} + integrity="{{ .Data.Integrity }}" crossorigin="anonymous" + {{- end -}} +{{- end -}} diff --git a/layouts/partials/docs/inject/footer.html b/layouts/partials/docs/inject/footer.html new file mode 100644 index 0000000..33ba82b --- /dev/null +++ b/layouts/partials/docs/inject/footer.html @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ +
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This translation is the outcome of a joint translation project taught in the winter of 2020/2021 at the University of Freiburg. Our aim in this translation was to remain as faithful as possible to the Chinese original while at the same time conveying a tone of narration in line with a comic book addressed to young readers based on a “classical” piece of children’s literature. As the story takes place in early 20th century Russia, the given names of the characters are given in Russian. To allow for an undisturbed reading experience, we decided against the use of footnotes, though two items may call for explanation:

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Page 63 refers to the Paris Commune Memorial Day. The Paris Commune was an attempt of establishing a revolutionary government in Paris after the Franco-Prussian War in 1871. It ended 72 days after its establishment in bloodshed carried out by the troops of the Third French Republic. Throughout the 20th century, it has been glorified as a model for socialist revolutions.

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As is common in Chinese literary practice, page 12 contains a Chinese idiom that refers to the premodern Chinese literary tradition: “The wise man was right about gaining profit by misfortune” (聪明人说得对,因祸得福。) This idiom (which is not present in Lu Xun’s translation of the story) expresses how bad luck eventually turns into something fortunate. Alternatively, the idiom is often translated as “a fault on the right side” or “a blessing in disguise”. It can be traced back to a passage in the “Guan Yan biographies” (Guan yan liezhuan, 管晏列传) in the Records of the Grand Historian (Shiji 史记), written by the historian Sima Qian (司马迁, c. 145 – c. 86 BC).

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+ 彼蒂加对做过的事情都糊涂得很。他在市场里到处走,什么都想过了。他又懊恼、又伤心。他饿得很,想买点儿吃的,可是口袋里一分钱也没有。 +
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+ Petka was confused about the things he had done. He walked around the marketplace thinking about all sorts of things. He was frustrated and sad. He was terribly hungry and wanted to buy something to eat, but he did not have any money in his pocket. +
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+ 忽然,他看见一个女人在卖蛋饼,那蛋饼焦黄、松脆,还冒着热气。他馋得直流 口涎,于是走过去,拿起一个蛋饼,嗅了一嗅,塞在袋子里,转身走开了。 +
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+ All of a sudden, he saw a woman selling pancakes which were brown, crisp and gave off hot steam. His mouth was watering, so he went and took one of the pancakes, smelled it, stuffed it in his pocket, turned around and walked away. +
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+ 那女人追了过来,一把抓住他的肩膀,嚷道:“你偷东西!还我蛋饼!” +
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+ The woman chased after him, grabbed his shoulder and shouted: “You thief! Give back my pancake!” +
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+ 随着那女人的叫嚷声,一下子围上一大群人。人们把他拖在地上,毒打了一顿,接着又把他拉到警察局去。 +
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+ Following the woman’s shouting, a group of people immediately gathered around them. They dragged him to the floor, beat him relentlessly and took him to the police station. +
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+ 他被拘留了。他仰望窗外清朗、明净和蓝的发亮的天空,苦恼在脑子里打转:人生是多么糟糕!只为了一个蛋饼……他只等待着临头的命运。 +
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+ He was held in custody and looked outside the window at the bright, clear and shining sky as his sorrows were whirling around his head: “Life is so terrible! Only for a pancake…” He was just waiting for his impending fate. +
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+ 忽然,传来一阵敲击木头隔板的声音:“老爷!同志!放我出去吧!看在老天爷面上!我的孩子们在等我呢!”一股浓烈的酒气涌了过来。原来那是个醉汉。 +
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+ Suddenly, he noticed a tapping sound on the wooden wall: “Masters! Comrades! Let me out! In the name of God! My children are waiting for me!” A wave of boozy breath came over. It turned out to be a drunkard. +
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+ 真是可笑极了。“傻瓜,”彼蒂加说,“我怎么能放你出去呢?我也是像你一样,关在这里的呀!” +
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+ This was ridiculous! “You fool”, Petka said, “how can I let you out? I am locked up in here just like you!” +
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+ “局长同志,请您放我出去吧!你瞧,这是多好的一块金表呀!”果然,从板缝里伸过一只手,手掌里托着一块闪闪发光的金表。表链上还挂着各式各样的小玩艺。 +
+ +
+ “Comrade director, please let me free! Look at this wonderful golden watch!” Sure enough, there was a hand reaching through the gap in the wall. There was a twisting sparkling golden watch in its palm. All sorts of little charms were hanging on the watch chain. +
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+ +
+ 彼蒂加清晰地听到那表滴答地响,他的心也跟着猛跳起来。“嘿,真走运!”他抓过表,快活得喘不过气,血忽地涌到小脑瓜里去了。 +
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+ Petka could clearly hear the watch ticking, and his heart started to beat in time with the watch. “How lucky!” He grabbed the watch so happy he could hardly breathe, and suddenly the blood rushed to his head. +
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+ 那醉汉顿着脚,好像给枪剌着一样大叫着:“救命呀!强盗……”彼蒂加吓坏了,紧紧抓着那块表。忽然,他想出了一个好主意。 +
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+ The drunkard stomped his feet and yelled as if he had been stabbed: “Ah, help! Bandits…” Petka was scared and held the watch tightly. All of a sudden, he had a good idea. +
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+ 他把表链和那些小玩艺一起揪下来,塞进板缝:“喏,拿去!”那醉汉已经糊涂了,早把表忘记了。他接过表链,喃喃地说:“多谢!多谢!我的心肝!” +
+ +
+ He pulled off the chain with the charms and stuffed it through the gap: “Here, take it!” The drunkard was muddle-headed. He had already forgotten about the watch. He took the chain and murmured: “Thanks a lot! Thanks a lot! My precious!” +
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+ 太阳在窗外放光,表在彼蒂加手里发亮。他想:聪明人说得对,因祸得福。这表值五十卢布……把它卖了,我得买个白面包,还有猪油、香肠、靴子、带条纹的汗衫…… +
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+ The sun was shining outside the window, and the watch was gleaming in Petka’s hand. He thought: “The wise man was right about gaining profit by misfortune. This watch is worth 50 Roubles… after selling it, I’ll buy myself white bread and lard, sausages, boots, and also a striped undershirt…” +
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+ +
+ 一切都很好。只有一样不好,就是像罐子里的老鼠一样被关住了。“不要紧!”他安慰自己,“晚上,市场一收摊子,他们就放我了。”可是时间又是多么长呀!太阳简直一点儿也不着急。 +
+ +
+ Everything was fine. Only one thing was not fine, to be locked up like a mouse in a jar. “Never mind!” He comforted himself, “in the evening, once the market closes, they will let me go.” But how slowly the time passed! The sun was not in a hurry at all. +
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+ +
+ 他又仔细看了看那表,才把它塞在破烂的裤袋里。为了牢靠,他把袋子打了一个结。不一会儿,们锁响了,一个警察走进来叫他出去。彼蒂加高兴地跳了起来,提一提裤子,跟着警察走出禁闭室。 +
+ +
+ Carefully, he looked at the watch and put it into the pocket of his tattered trousers. Just in case, he tied the pocket with a knot. After a while, the door opened, a policeman walked in and called him out. Rejoicing, Petka jumped up, pulled up his pants and followed the policeman out of the guardroom. +
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+ 彼蒂加被带进局长办公室。“你好!小扒手。”局长问,“你什么时候生的?”“不知道,可是我十一岁了。”“好像是第七次到我这儿来做客吧?我的判决是原谅你年幼无知,送你到少年教养院去。”彼帝加的头嗡的一声胀大了。 +
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+ Petka was taken into the chief's office. “Hello, little pickpocket! When were you born?” The chief asked. “I don’t know, but I am eleven years old.” - “You seem to be my guest for the seventh time? My decision is to forgive you your youth and ignorance, and send you to the reformatory.” Petka’s head started to buzz. +
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+ 更糟糕的是,局长命令警察搜他的身。他想:从此永远分手了,我的宝贝表!幸亏警察嫌脏,不肯动手。 +
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+ To make matters worse, the chief ordered the policeman to search his body. He thought: “Farewell forever, my beloved watch.” Fortunately, the policeman disliked filth and was unwilling to move. +
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+ 局长对警察说:“不搜也罢,这不关紧要。你带上公文,把这小浪子交给少年教养院去。”警察把公文塞在皮包里,对彼蒂加说:“流浪儿,走吧!”彼蒂加庆幸地一提裤子,迈开大步便走。 +
+ +
+ The chief said to the policeman: “Don’t search, it doesn't matter. Take this document and bring this little hooligan to the reformatory.” The policeman stuffed the document into his briefcase and turned to Petka: “Hooligan, let's go!” Happily, Petka pulled up his pants and followed with big steps. +
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+ 他们穿过热闹的市场,彼蒂加只有一个念头:跑掉!他的心思被警察看透了:“想溜掉吗?那就跑吧!”可他却一本正经的说:“我才不跑呢!即使打死我,我也不跑。” +
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+ As they crossed the lively market, Petka only had one thought: “Run away!” The policeman read his mind. “Want to slip away? Just run away then!” But he answered seriously: “I won’t run away! Even if you beat me to death, I won’t run away.” +
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+ 警察走得口渴了,正好跟过一个叫“米兰”的茶馆,他叫彼蒂加一同进去喝茶,彼蒂加不肯。警察说:“我知道你是不跑的,你是一个乖小子……”他让彼蒂加在外边等着,自己进去了。 +
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+ The policeman walked and became thirsty, just as they passed by a teahouse called “Milan”. He asked Petka to go in together to drink some tea, but Petka refused. The policeman said: “I know you won’t run away. You’re a good boy…” He left Petka waiting outside and went in by himself. +
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+ 彼蒂加二话没说拔脚就跑。他像插上了翅膀,转过街角,狂奔飞跑,心都快要从胸口里跳出来了。往哪儿去呢?他自己也不知道。 +
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+ Without another word, Petka turned around and ran. He seemed to have grown wings, he turned around the corner and his heart was about to jump out of his chest. Where should he go? He did not know himself. +
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+ 他终于在街市的尽头站住了。回头望望没有人追踪,心想:到底跑掉了! 现在我自由了! 他想起了表,用手一摸,哎呀! 表不在了,连袋子也没了。他灰心丧气,差一点哭出来。 +
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+ Finally, he stopped at the end of the market. He turned around and saw that no one was following him, thinking: “In the end I got away! Now I’m free!” He remembered the watch and felt for it. OH NO! The watch was gone, even his pocket had disappeared. He was so disheartened that he almost began to cry. +
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+ 他循着原路回去找,可连表的影子也没看到。快到“米兰”茶馆时,他的眼睛突然一亮,马路上躺着装着表的袋子,他弯腰拾起袋子,哈! 表还在呢! +
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+ He went back the same way, but he did not even see a shadow of his watch. When he had almost reached the “Milan” teahouse, his eyes suddenly brightened, as he saw the pocket with the watch in it. He bent down to pick it up. HA! The watch was still there! +
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+ 这时警察从茶馆里出来了:“好!你毕竟等着,真是好样儿的!”他拿出一块甜饼递给彼蒂加。随后,他们继续向教养院走去。 +
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+ Right at that moment, the policeman stepped out of the teahouse: “Good! You’ve waited after all. What a good boy!” He took out a piece of sweet cake and handed it to Petka. After this, they continued their walk to the reformatory. +
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+ 不多时,他们来到教养院。教养院的房子全是绿顶白墙,窗户带着罩窗,还有个院子,右头围墙,一重大门。彼蒂加叹了一口气。他想,这监牢似的教养院,谁能从这儿逃走呢? +
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+ Before long, they arrived at the reformatory. The building of the reformatory had a green roof and white walls. The windows had curtains and there was a yard. On the right side of the fence, there was a heavy gate. Petka sighed. He thought: “This reformatory is like a prison, who can escape from here?” +
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+ 警察叫开门,他们走进二楼去见院长。警察向院长要了收据,看了彼蒂加一眼:“孩子好好地在这儿生活吧!再见!” +
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+ The policeman called to open the door and they went to the second floor to see the director. The policeman requested for a receipt from the director and glanced at Petka: “Child, live well here! Goodbye!” +
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+ 院长一边翻看着警察局的公文,一边对彼蒂加说:“哦,小偷?这干不得!你这小,再边几年就能成为一个有用的人了……现在我们首先得整理你的外表。” +
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+ While the director looked through the police documents, he turned to Petka: “Oh, a thief? This can’t be! You’re still young, in a few years, you can turn into a useful person… now, we first have to put your appearance in order.” +
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+ 彼蒂加被带到卫生科。卫生员叫他把衣服脱光进浴盆洗澡,还要把他的破衣服烧掉,换一身新的。 +
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+ Petka was taken to the infirmary. The health worker told him to take off all his clothes, to take a bath in the bathtub and to burn his worn-out clothes in exchange for a set of new ones. +
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+ 彼蒂加吃了一惊。他紧紧抓住裤子,怎么办呢?表……幸运的是卫生员暂时离开了浴室。他来不及多想,迅速地从口袋里掏出表,把它塞进嘴里。 +
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+ Petka was shocked. He firmly held on to his trousers: “What should I do? The watch…” Fortunately, the health worker left the bathroom for a moment. He did not have much time to think, so he quickly took the watch out of his pocket and put it in his mouth. +
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+ 卫生员来了,他用钳子把彼蒂加的脏衣服夹了出来,然后又回来给他洗澡。彼蒂加已经五年没洗澡了,躺在浴盆里感到舒服极了。卫生员问他问这问那。彼蒂加因为嘴里含着表,一句话也说不出,只是点头或摇头。 +
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+ The health worker came back. He carried Petka’s clothes outside with pliers, then returned to give him a bath. Petka had not taken a bath in five years, so when he lay in the bathtub, it felt really comfortable. The health worker asked a stream of questions. But because Petka had the watch in his mouth, he could not say a word, he just nodded or shook his head. +
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+ 卫生员终于关上了他的话匣子。他放掉脏水,又放进干净的水,然后拿起报纸:“孩子,如果太冷或太热,你就说话。” +
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+ The health worker finally turned off his chatterbox. He let the dirty water out, and filled it up with clean water, then he took the newspapers: “Kid, if it’s too cold or too hot, just tell me.” +
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+ 热水不断地从龙头里涌出,浴盆里渐渐地烫起来,彼蒂加焦急不安地折腾开了,却又说不出话来。最后,他实在熬不住了,一下子把表吐在浴盆里,大叫一声:“烫呀!”并像弹簧似的跳了出来。 +
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+ The hot water gushed from the tap ceaselessly. The water in the bathtub got hotter and hotter. Petka tossed about uneasily but was unable to speak out. In the end, he could not take it anymore. All of a sudden, he spit the watch into the bathtub, and screamed: “It’s boiling!” and jumped out like a metal spring. +
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+ 卫生员又放了许多冷水在浴盆里,彼蒂加又重新跳了进去。他急忙在盆底摸表,终于碰到了光滑的圆东西,他惊喜地又把它塞进嘴里。不知为什么,浴盆里的水在逐渐减少。 +
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+ The health worker then poured cold water into the bathtub, so Petka jumped in again. He anxiously felt for the watch at the bottom of the bathtub and finally got hold of a smooth round thing. He eagerly put it into his mouth again. He did not know why, but the water in the bathtub became less and less. +
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+ 洗完澡,卫生员给他一套新衣服。他第一次穿这么漂亮的衣服,乐得咧着嘴笑了。卫生员诧导地看着他嘴里发亮的东西:“这是什么?” +
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+ When he was done bathing, the health worker gave him a set of new clothes. It was the first time for him to wear such pretty clothes, so he grinned with his mouth wide open. The health worker was surprised to see something shiny in his mouth: “What is this?” +
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+ 彼蒂加赶紧闭上嘴,卫生员哪肯放过。最后,彼蒂加只得把它吐出来。天啊!这不是浴盆的铜塞子吗?卫生员惊奇地问:“告诉我,为什么把它放进嘴里?”彼蒂加只好撤谎:“我饿!” +
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+ Petka hastily closed his mouth, but the health worker would not let go. In the end, Petka had to spit it out. Good heavens! Was this not the copper plug of the bathtub? The health worker was surprised: “Tell me, why did you put that into your mouth?” Petka had to lie: “I’m hungry!” +
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+ 表哪去了?彼蒂加偷偷朝浴盆张望。浴盆里水已流净,只有一块浴巾。卫生员把铜塞子扔回浴盆,去拿浴巾。彼蒂加心想:这可惜了!表一定在浴巾下面。他灵机一动,突然大叫起来:“啊唷!肚子痛!” +
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+ Where did the watch go? Petka secretly peeped towards the bathtub. The water in the bathtub had already drained away, there was only a washcloth left. The health worker threw the plug back into the bathtub and was about to take the washcloth. Petka thought: “Too bad! The watch must be under the towel.” He had a sudden idea and screamed: “Ouch! My stomach is aching!” +
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+ 卫生员慌了,急忙奔出门去取药。彼蒂加扑到浴巾上,一点不错,表就躺在浴巾下面。他急忙把它抓在手里,把水擦干,欣赏着。手心里的表活像是太阳在放光。 +
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+ The health worker panicked and hurried out the door to get some medicine. Petka launched towards the cloth. And indeed!, the watch was really under the cloth. He grabbed it really fast, wiped it dry, and admired it. The watch in his hands was shining like the sun. +
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+ 彼蒂加急忙把表装进崭新的裤袋里。这时,卫生员拿来一瓶阿摩尼亚水,他嗅了嗅,打了几个喷嚏,就装作病好了。经过梳洗打扮,他变成一个漂亮的小伙子了。 +
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+ Petka hastily put the watch into the pocket of his brand-new pants. Right then, the health worker brought a bottle of ammonia solution. Petka sniffed it, sneezed a few times, and then pretended to be cured. Now that he had freshened up, he turned into a pretty young lad. +
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+ 彼蒂加来到食堂,饭菜又热又香。他贪婪地吃着,连盘子都舔光了。独眼龙毕塔珂夫逗弄起他来了:“大饭桶,比大象吃得还多!”彼蒂加生气了,把匙子掷过去,正敲在独眼龙的脑门上。 +
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+ When Petka arrived at the canteen, the food was hot and smelled good. He ate greedily, even licking the plate clean. The one-eyed Pyatakov began to tease him: “You greedy pig! You eat more than an elephant!” Petka became angry and threw his spoon right at One Eye’s forehead. +
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+ 出了乱子了,院长赶来了。他用严厉的目光看着彼蒂加:“站到门口去,直到大家吃完午饭为止!”孩子们吃完午饭,三三两两从彼蒂加面前跑过去,有的向他伸舌头,有的向他扮鬼脸。 +
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+ Upon the commotion, the director rushed in. He gave Petka a stern look: “Stand in the doorway until everybody has finished their lunch!” After the children had finished their lunch, they ran past Petka in groups of twos and threes, some of them sticking out their tongues, some of them making faces at him. +
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+ 傍晚,彼蒂加担心把表带在身上会出乱子,于是来到院子里,在墙根挖了个小坑。他把表包好,埋在小坑里,还插上一根小树枝,免得记错了地方。 +
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+ At dusk, Petka worried that keeping the watch on him might cause trouble, so he went to the yard and dug a small hole at the foot of a wall. He wrapped up the watch, buried it and stuck a small twiglet on it in order not to remember the wrong spot. +
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+ 当天空布满星星的时候,就寝钟响了。彼蒂加倒在床上直睡到天亮。“起来!快起来!”院长摇着他的肩膀,“警察局长要你去一趟。”彼蒂加慌神啦,脚怎么也伸不进裤脚里去。 +
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+ When the sky was full of stars, the bell rang. Petka fell into bed and slept till dawn. “Get up! Get up!” The director shook his shoulder. “The chief wants you to come.” Petka panicked and could not get his feet into his trousers no matter how hard he tried. +
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+ 彼蒂加被带到警察局长办公室。他看见局长身旁站着一个红鼻子老汉。彼蒂加想,这一定是那个醉汉了。“凭良心回答,你偷了库兑耶尔的表吗?”局长问。“我敢赌咒,我从来没有见过表……”彼蒂加坦然地回答。 +
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+ Petka was taken to the chief’s office. He saw an old, red-nosed man standing next to the chief. Petka thought this was for sure the drunkard. “Answer honestly, did you steal Kudeyar’s watch?’’ the chief asked. “I swear, I've never seen that watch…’’, Petka answered calmly. +
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+ 局长命令警察将彼蒂加从头到脚搜一遍。彼蒂加一点也不害怕,心里非常好笑。后来局长和库兑耶尔一齐动手,结果什么也没有搜到。 +
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+ The chief ordered a policeman to search Petka from head to toe. Petka, silently finding it hilarious, was not afraid at all. Later, both the chief and Kudeyar joined in, but in the end, they could not find anything. +
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+ “他根本就没有表。他诬赖好人!”彼蒂加对局长说。局长教训了库兑耶尔一顿。库兑耶尔放声大哭。局长命令警察把彼蒂加送回教养院。 +
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+ “He doesn’t even own a watch, he’s accusing innocent people!” Petka said to the chief. The chief read Kudeyar the riot act. Kudeyar began to cry loudly. The chief ordered the policeman to take Petka back to the reformatory. +
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+ 警察对彼蒂加说:“你一个人回去吧,我对你的诚实深信不疑。”彼蒂加真的一个人向教养院走去。现在他是不肯逃走的了,因为他心爱的表还埋在教养院的院子里呢! +
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+ The policeman said to Petka: “Go back by yourself, you are an honest boy.’’ And Petka indeed started to walk back to the reformatory. He did not want to run away now because his beloved watch was still buried in the yard of the reformatory! +
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+ 忽然,库兑耶尔从后面追了上来,扑倒在他的脚上:“求求你,还我表吧!我的女人在生病,孩子在挨饿。看上帝面上,还给我!” +
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+ Suddenly, Kudeyar caught up with him and threw himself at his feet: “I beg you, give me back my watch! My wife is sick, the children are starving. In the name of God, give it back to me!” +
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+ 彼蒂加毫不理会,继续往前走。库兑耶尔从后面追上来嚷着:“我控告你!我给你吃官司!”“告去就是了,谁也不会相信你这个老酒鬼!”彼蒂加觉得很开心,只管自己的路。 +
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+ Petka did not pay him any attention and continued to walk ahead. Kudeyar caught up with him, yelling: “I will sue you! I will file a lawsuit!’’ - “Go ahead and sue me, no one will believe an old drunkard like you.’’ Petka felt very happy and went his way. +
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+ 彼蒂加打算先把表挖出来,然后翻墙逃走。可是当他一走进教养院,却看见院子里停放着许多辆运木材的大马车。孩子们在院长的指挥下,正从马车上往下搬运木材。不一会儿,木材就堆满了院子。 +
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+ Petka came up with a plan. He would first dig out the watch, and then climb over the wall and run away. However, when he arrived at the reformatory, he saw that numerous horse carriages loaded with timber were parked in the courtyard. Under the command of the director, the children unloaded the logs from the carriages. Before long, the courtyard was all filled with timber. +
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+ 他来到埋表的地方,那上面高高地堆放着木材。“我的表……”他伤心地哭了起来。 +
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+ He arrived at the spot where he had buried the watch. Timber was piled high on top of it. “My watch…” Broken-hearted, he started to cry. +
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+ 这天夜里,他被火车的汽笛声惊醒:“唉唉,车站该是多么有趣!掏空那些有钱人的腰包多开心……”他打定主意,今晚把表弄到手后就逃走。 +
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+ At night, the sound of a train whistle woke him up. “Oh, how much fun it would be to be at the station and empty out the pockets of all those rich people…” He made up his mind: Tonight, he would get the watch into his hands and just run away. +
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+ 他打开窗户,从排水管滑下来溜到院子里,来到埋表的地方。他使劲地搬开木材,一根,两根,三根……才搬了二三十根,他就上气不接下气了。 +
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+ He opened the window, glided down the drainpipe, landed in the courtyard, and went to the place where his watch was buried. With all his strength he dragged away the logs. One log, two logs, three logs... when he had dragged away only twenty or thirty logs, he was gasping for air already. +
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+ 当他再搬一根很重的圆木材时,一不小心滑脱了手,整个木材垛塌了下来,发出吓人的声响。随着一声嗥叫,一只大狗向他扑来。彼蒂加吓得浑身发抖,拚命地逃回宿舍里去。 +
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+ Just when he was pulling one especially heavy log, it slipped out of his hands in a moment of carelessness. The entire pile of tree trunks collapsed, making a frightening noise. Following a loud growl, a huge dog jumped at Petka. Petka's entire body trembled with fear, and he ran back to the dorm for his dear life. +
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+ 第二天,彼蒂加得了严重的肺炎,整整昏睡了三个星期。 +
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+ The next day, Petka came down with a serious pneumonia and slept for three weeks. +
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+ 彼蒂加终于活下来了,恢复知觉了。一天,小伙伴米罗诺夫给他送来一本画书,还告诉他,在他害病的那天,毕塔珂夫因偷木材被送到少年管教所去了。彼蒂加禁不住绯红了脸。 +
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+ Petka finally started to get better and recovered his consciousness. One day, his mate Milonov brought him a picture book. He told him that Pyatakov had been sent to the youth custody centre for stealing wood on the same day that Petka had fallen ill. Petka could not help but blush. +
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+ 米罗诺夫走后,彼蒂加很难过,心想:毕塔珂夫虽然讨厌,毕竟是自己的小伙伴,不能让他白受冤在。他决定去找院长,说明那天晚上是他搬动了木材,但埋表的事是绝对不能讲的。 +
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+ After Milonov had left, Petka felt very bad and thought to himself: “Even though I detest Pyatakov, he is still my mate, and I can’t let him be accused wrongly.” He decided that he would go to the director and explain that it had been Petka himself, who had moved the logs on that very night, but he would not say a word about the watch. +
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+ 可是,他来到院长办公室,却又失掉了勇气。院长问他有什么事,他只说是来向院长借画书的。院长见他喜欢读书了,很高兴,就拿给他许多书。 +
+ +
+ However, when he arrived in the director’s office, his courage left him. The director asked him what the matter was, but he only managed to say that he had come to borrow some picture books from him. When the director saw that he liked reading, he was very happy, and gave him many books. +
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+ 一个星期六的晚上,库兑耶尔突然带着乳酪糖球来看望彼蒂加,他恳求彼蒂加把表还给他。彼蒂加脸色一下子变白了:“我不要!请您走吧!”“什么?叫我走?你还我表!”库兑耶尔大吵大嚷起来。 +
+ +
+ One Saturday evening, Kudeyar suddenly came to pay Petka a visit, bringing toffees and begging him to return his watch. Petka’s face instantly turned white: “No! I ask you to leave!” – “What? You tell me to go? Give me back my watch!” Kudeyar started to make a big scene. +
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+ 院长赶来了问:“怎么一回事?”彼蒂加说:“他是我的伯父,是从疯人院出来的。请您不要再放他进来了!”于是大家把库兑耶尔赶走了。 +
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+ The director hurried over and asked: “What’s going on here?” Petka said: “He is my uncle, he ran away from the madhouse. Please don’t let him come in again!” So everyone chased off Kudeyar. +
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+ 冬天到了,下起了大雪。院长叫孩子们把院子里的木材搬进库房去。彼蒂加想到心爱的表就可以到手了,所以劲头也来了:“快点儿,加油!”他干得很卖力,像个指挥官似的组织大家传递木材。 +
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+ Winter came and heavy snow fell. The director called the children to carry the timber from inside the courtyard into the storehouse. Petka thought of how he could finally get his hands on his beloved watch, so he also joined with enthusiasm: “Move up, come on!” He threw himself into the task at hand and ordered everyone to pass the timber just like a commander. +
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+ 可是库房满了,木材没有搬完,彼蒂加大失所望,因为他的心爱的表仍然拿不出来。虽然院长表扬了他,可他感到很遗憾。 +
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+ But the storage room was full before all the timber had been moved in. Petka lost all his hope, because he could not get hold of his beloved watch. Although the headmaster praised him, he felt quite sorrowful. +
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+ 由于他劳动积极,大家一致选举他当总务组的组长。彼蒂加又高兴起来了。 +
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+ Because he had worked energetically, everyone elected him unanimously as group leader for general affairs. This cheered Petka up again. +
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+ 大家对他非常信任,他也热心为大家办事;他用心读书,进步很快。到新年时,他升了级,跟高年级孩子一起读书了。表的事也来不及去想了。 +
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+ Everybody trusted him a lot, and he took care of all of their affairs with his full heart; he studied diligently and made good progress. When the new year started, he moved up to a higher class and studied together with the senior students. He did not have time to think about the matter of the watch anymore. +
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+ 日子飞快地过去了。三月里,巴黎公社纪念日这一天,孩子们去烈士陵园扫墓。他们在路上遇见了一个醉汉,大家把他推来推去,还用雪球打他的脸。彼蒂加认出那个醉汉正是库兑耶尔。 +
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+ The days were passing faster and faster. In March, on the Paris Commune Memorial Day, all the kids went out to sweep the tombs at the martyrs’ cemetery. On their way, they came across a drunkard. Everyone rudely pushed and pulled him back and forth and even threw snowballs at his face. Petka recognized that this drunkard was Kudeyar. +
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+ 库兑耶尔呻吟着、挣扎着、躲来躲去。彼蒂加忽然产生了同情心,于是跳出来,叫道:“喂,住手吧!” +
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+ Kudeyar groaned, fought, and tried his best to duck away from the children. Petka suddenly felt sorry for him and so he jumped between them and shouted: “Hey, stop it!” +
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+ 库兑耶尔也认出了他,怒吼道:“你这流氓!你偷了我的表!”彼蒂加又羞又愧。 +
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+ Kudeyar also recognized Petka and shouted in anger: “You rogue! You stole my watch!” Petka felt very ashamed. +
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+ 复活节快到了。经院长许可,彼蒂加和小伙伴米罗诺夫一起到集市上去玩耍。彼蒂加认识了一个叫娜塔莎的小女孩。他们彼此谈得很亲密,一直玩到很晚才分手。 +
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+ Easter was near. The director allowed Petka to go out with his mate Milonov to spend some time at the market. There, Petka got to know a girl called Natasha. They started getting closer to each other and only separated when it was very late. +
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+ 积雪融化了。一天,彼蒂加发现院子里的木材也烧完了。他左思右想,一夜没睡好。第二天清早,他悄悄来到埋表的地方,把表挖了出来。表依然闪闪放光,但彼蒂加却觉得它黯然失色。 +
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+ The masses of snow had melted away. One day, Petka noticed that all the timber in the yard had been used up. He pondered and pondered, and he could not sleep the entire night. The next day, he secretly went to the place where he hid the watch and dug it out. It was still sparkling and glittering, but Petka had the feeling that it had lost its splendour. +
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+ 这回彼蒂加该按照他的计划逃走了吧?可是,不!现在他不想离开这儿了。那表怎么办呢?扔掉它?怪愚蠢的,最好是还给库兑耶尔,但到哪儿去找他呢?彼蒂加揣着这只可恨的表,心里很痛苦。 +
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+ Should Petka run away as he had planned? No, of course not! Now he did not want to leave this place. So, what should he do with the watch? Throw it away? That was quite stupid, the best option was to give it back to Kudeyar, but where could he find him? Petka hid this detestable watch in his clothes, his heart heavy. +
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+ 夏天到了,屋顶要油漆一下,院长叫彼蒂加上街去买油漆。他来到市场,想起先前的流浪生活,想到偷东西挨打的难堪情景……唉!真无聊!真糊涂! +
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+ Summer had arrived, and the roof needed to be painted. The director asked Petka to go shopping for paint. When he came to the market, he thought of his previous vagrant life and the embarrassment of stealing and being beaten up… UGH! What a bore! How confusing! +
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+ “捉贼!捉住他!”突然传来一阵叫喊声。转眼间,从他面前跑过一个蓬头垢面的孩子。彼蒂加立刻认出那是毕塔珂夫。他一下子抓住毕塔珂夫的肩膀。毕塔珂夫一闪身,回手照他心窝就是一拳。 +
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+ “Catch the thief! Catch him!” Suddenly there was shouting. In the blink of an eye, an unkempt child ran past him. Petka immediately recognized that it was Pyatakov. He grabbed Pyatakov’s shoulder at once. Pyatakov flinched, and then gave him a punch in the gut. +
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+ “不要撒野!你不认识我啦!我是彼蒂加。”他们来到远离街心的僻静的地方,“原谅我吧,全是我不好……”他对毕塔珂夫讲述了那晚偷搬木材的事。 +
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+ “Don’t be wild! Don’t you know me? I’m Petka!” They came to a secluded place, away from the middle of the street, “forgive me, it's all my fault…,” he told Pyatakov about the matter of stealing the wood that night. +
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+ 毕塔珂夫大笑起来:“可那一夜我确实弄了十六根木材,卖给小贩了……”他敲了一下彼蒂加的前额,就踉踉跄跄地走了。 +
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+ Pyatakov started laughing: “But I did get 16 pieces of lumber that night, and sold that to a black-market handler…” he hit Petka on the forehead and staggered away. +
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+ 突然,毕塔珂夫又转身回来打了彼蒂加一记耳光:“把表给我!听见没有?你当我不知道?我跟库兑耶尔同住了半年监牢,他都对我讲了……现在他还关在监狱里。”彼蒂加真想快点儿把表交给毕塔珂夫。 +
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+ Suddenly, Pyatakov turned around and slapped Petka into the face: “Give me the watch! Did you hear that? You think I don’t know? I spent half a year in jail with Kudeyar, and he told me everything… he is still locked up in jail.” Petka really wanted to give the watch to Pyatakov quickly. +
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+ 这时,警察和一群人赶来了。毕塔珂夫被捕了。 +
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+ At this time, the police and a group of people arrived. Pyatakov was arrested. +
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+ 彼蒂加穿过市场,闷闷不乐地向颜料店走去。他狠狠地捏住口袋里的表:我要这包袱干什么?这个倒霉的玩艺儿!他转过街角,忽然看见一个卖表链的小女孩,原来是娜塔莎。 +
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+ Petka crossed the market and walked to the paint shop gloomily. He squeezed the watch in his pocket fiercely: What do I want this burden for? This hapless game! As he turned around the corner of the street, he suddenly saw a girl selling a watch chain. The girl turned out to be Natasha. +
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+ 他分明认得,那表链正是库兑耶尔的。他问娜塔莎表链是从哪儿来的。她说:“这是我爸爸的。他从监狱捎来一封信,叫我卖……我没办法生活……” +
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+ He clearly recognized that the watch chain belonged to Kudeyar. He asked Natasha where the watch chain came from. She said: “This is my father's. He sent a letter from prison asking me to sell it… I can’t live like this…” +
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+ 彼蒂加觉得脑袋在胀大,脚下的地面在摇动,他几乎要跌倒了。他把表链接过来,久久地端详着…… +
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+ Petka felt his head swell and the ground under his feet shaking, and he almost fell. He took the watch chain and looked at it for a long time… +
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+ 他从衣袋里掏出那只表,用发抖的手把它挂在表链上,递给娜塔莎说:“给你!”然后,飞快地跑走,消失在喧闹的人群中了。 +
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+ He took the watch out of his pocket, attached it to the watch chain with trembling hands and handed it to Natasha: “Here, for you!” Then he ran away quickly and disappeared into the noisy crowd. +
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+ The Watch 表 (1980) + # +

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By Leonid Panteleyev, adapted by Dong Qingdong 董青冬, illustrated by Hua Sanchuan 华三川, Beijing: Lianhuanhua chubanshe, 2003. (Reprint of an earlier edition by Renmin meishu chubanshe, Beijing, 1980, translated by Laura Aymar, Bettina Jin, Piet Kortenjan, Lena Henningsen, Sascha Sacknieß, Sophia Schöller, Joschua Seiler, Miriam Stadler, Yixiong Wang and Jenny Wiggermann).1

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+ Introduction to the Text + # +

+

Lena Henningsen

+

“The Watch” is a soviet Russian children’s story whose transcultural journey into China merits attention. The author, Leonid Panteleyev (also: Panteleev, pen name of Alexei Ivanovich Jeremejew) was born 1908 in St. Petersburg and died 1987 in the same city (then called Leningrad). After the turmoil of the October Revolution, the family had left the city and Panteleyev returned alone in 1921. He ended up in a school commune for homeless and difficult youngsters. Together with Grigory Georgiyevich Belykh (1906-1938), Panteleyev wrote the novel The Republic of ShKID (published in 1927) which is based to some extent on their experiences there. “The Watch” is set in a similar environment and was published only a year later in 1928. Panteleyev later continued to weave historical events into the stories he wrote for children and youth readers.

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Addressing a young readership, the plot of “The Watch” serves a certain didactic agenda, which it combines with elements of a bildungsroman and entertaining, sometimes even comic scenes and episodes. The characters are lively, and defy easy characterization into “good” or “bad”. The adults may be strict, but believe in the good sides of the children. Petka – the protagonist of the story – is an eleven-year-old boy who learned to survive on the streets and at first appears as a stubborn and unruly character. The treatment he receives at the reformatory to which he is sent, however, help him mature into a responsible young boy diligently studying and doing his chores for the community. Also, he acknowledges past mistakes – and tries to amend them, at least to a certain degree, leaving a certain amount of ambivalence right to the end. This situates the story firmly within the socialist literary cosmos, as a children’s story affirming the values of the communist system, while at the same time calling for a sympathetic reading, for taking sides with the protagonist, despite (or because of) the ambivalence of his character.

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Soon after its publication, “The Watch” was translated into into Spanish (El Reloj o Las Aventuras de Petika, published in 1931 by Cenit) and into German (Die Uhr, transl. Maria Eisenstein, published in 1930 by Verlag der Jugendinternationale). In Nazi Germany, it was forbidden, but was republished both in East and West Germany after the War. The first East German publication appeared in 1949 and saw countless republications until the 1980s, though not without controversies as some found the contradictions within the soviet system inappropriate in a literary text for children (Pieper 2006: 1048-1049). The first West German publication appeared in 1974, with two more publications until the late 1980s.

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The Chinese translation was produced by no one less than Lu Xun in 1935, shortly before his death and was based on the German translation. In the preface to the translation, Lu Xun also acknowledges a translation into Japanese which helped him through the text and some of its idiomatic expressions, but he took the German version as his core point of reference. He also states as his aim that the story should provide young readers in China with new contents (as opposed to the old contents in most available literature) and target them by using words that a ten-year-old would be able to read (Lu Xun 1935: “Preface”). “The Watch” is one of a few pieces of children’s literature translated by Lu Xun and thus form part of the effort of Lu Xun and a number of other members of his generation to foster the creation of an indigenous children’s literature. While most of the children’s literature translated by Lu Xun still had a predominantly adult readership, “The Watch” enjoyed distinct popularity among younger readers and was even staged as a children’s play in Kunming during the 1940s (Lundberg 1989: 196-208; 264).

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Overall, the lianhuanhua follows the plot line set out in the original story, and in a number of places, it uses phrases from Lu Xun’s translation. There are, however, significant simplifications in a number of sub-plots and in the overall language of the text – targeting, most likely, juvenile readers almost half a century later. Often, and similar to other literary adaptations into lianhuanhua, words from Lu Xun’s translation find their way into the characters’ speech. In the beginning and the end, the lianhuanhua follows the plot line closely in its illustrations, spending one or two panels on each page in the translation. In the middle, however, the lianhuanhua strides forward at a faster pace thus significantly reducing the content reproduced. This holds true, in particular, for the passages which delve into Petka’s inner life: page 40, thus omits a longish passage in which Petka fantasizes about what he would want to buy in exchange for the golden watch; page 49 omits a quarrel among the boys, a dream by Petka and a reference to Gogol’s Nose and the merits of reading; pages 54-57 reduce the content of 14 pages and thus purge several explorations of moral values, responsibility, and guilt; likewise, Petka’s transformation is treated much more elaborately in the original (page 65 as compared to p. 82 in the translation) – and the amusements that Petka and Natasha experience are reduced from 5 pages to just one page (66).

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The story gained what may be called second order prominence in 1977 through the short story “The Class Teacher” (班主任) by Liu Xinwu 刘心武 (Liu 1977). This story is one of the central texts of the scar literature genre, a first attempt to confront the pain and scars inflicted upon individuals during the Cultural Revolution. As I have elaborated elsewhere (Henningsen 2022 forthcoming), “The Watch” operates as a powerful intertext to “The Class Teacher”: On the first level, Teacher Zhang, the protagonist of the story, discusses the text with his students in order to come to terms with a prospective new student in the class. Lu Xun is explicitly referred to in the story as having translated the story with “great ardor”, thus adding to the weight of the story. On the second level, “The Watch” provides the narrative frame for the plot line of “The Class Teacher” as the plot of the latter text is clearly modeled on the first. Knowledge of “The Watch” thus adds another layer of interpretation to “The Class Teacher”. Soon after, in 1980, the present adaptation appeared as a lianhuanhua – almost contemporaneous to the lianhuanhua version of “The Class Teacher” (Liu 1978).

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+ References + # +

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Henningsen, Lena 2022 (forthcoming): “Fictional Texts as Sites of Knowledge: From Intertexts to Transtextuality”, in: Martin Hofmann, Virginia Leung, Joachim Kurtz [ed.]: Wissensorte in China, Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz.

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Liu Xinwu 刘心武 1977: “The Class Teacher” 班主任, in Renmin wenxue 11, 16–29.

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Liu Xinwu 刘心武 1978: The Class Teacher 班主任, adapted by Sun Jianying 孙剑影, illustrated by Xu Xiuyu 徐修余, Jiangsu: Jiangsu renmin chubanshe.

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Liu, Hsin-wu (Liu Xinwu) 1979: “The Class Teacher”, in: Yang, Winston L. Y., Nathan K. Mao [eds.]: Stories of Contemporary China, New York: Paragon Book Gallery, 83-103.

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Liu, Xinwu 1995 (1978): “The Class Teacher” (transl. Zhihua Fang), in: Fang, Zhihua [ed.]: Chinese Short Stories of the Twentieth Century: An Anthology in English, New York: Garland Publishing, 85-120.

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Lu, Xun 鲁迅 [1935]: “Preface”, in: Panteleyev, Leonid [1935]: The Watch 表, transl. by Lu Xun 鲁迅, Shanghai: Shenghuo Shudian, I-IV.

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Lundberg, Lennart 1989: Lu Xun as a Translator: Lu Xun’s Translation and Introduction of Literature and Literary Theory, 1903-1936, Stockholm: Orientaliska Studier, Stockholm University.

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Panteleyev, Leonid [1935]: The Watch 表, transl. by Lu Xun 鲁迅, Shanghai: Shenghuo Shudian.

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Panteleyev, Leonid 2003 [1980]: The Watch 表, adapted by Zhong Qingdong 重青冬, Hua Sanchuan 华三川 Beijing: Lianhuanhua chubanshe.

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Pantelejew, Leonid [1958]: Die Uhr, transl. by Maria Eisenstein, illustrated by Paul Rosiè, Berlin: Der Kinderbuchverlag.

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Pieper, Katrin 2006: “Die besten Helden: Literatur für Kinder und Jugendliche nach sowjetischen Vorbildern”, in: Karl Eimermacher and Astrid Volpert [ed.]: Tauwetter, Eiszeit und gelenkte Dialoge: Russen und Deutsche nach 1945, München: Wilhelm Fink Verlag, 1033-1056.

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+ +
+ About the translation +
+
+ This translation is the outcome of a joint translation project taught in the winter of 2020/2021 at the University of Freiburg. Our aim in this translation was to remain as faithful as possible to the Chinese original while at the same time conveying a tone of narration in line with a comic book addressed to young readers based on a “classical” piece of children’s literature. As the story takes place in early 20th century Russia, the given names of the characters are given in Russian. +
+ +
+ Front and back cover +
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+ +
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+ Frontmatter +
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+ Page 01 +
+
+ +彼蒂加对做过的事情都糊涂得很。他在市场里到处走,什么都想过了。他又懊恼、又伤心。他饿得很,想买点儿吃的,可是口袋里一分钱也没有。 Petka was confused about the things he had done. He walked around the marketplace thinking about all sorts of things. He was frustrated and sad. He was terribly hungry and wanted to buy something to eat, but he did not have any money in his pocket. +
+ +
+ Page 02 +
+
+ +忽然,他看见一个女人在卖蛋饼,那蛋饼焦黄、松脆,还冒着热气。他馋得直流 口涎,于是走过去,拿起一个蛋饼,嗅了一嗅,塞在袋子里,转身走开了。 All of a sudden, he saw a woman selling pancakes which were brown, crisp and gave off hot steam. His mouth was watering, so he went and took one of the pancakes, smelled it, stuffed it in his pocket, turned around and walked away. +
+ +
+ Page 03 +
+
+ +那女人追了过来,一把抓住他的肩膀,嚷道:“你偷东西!还我蛋饼!” The woman chased after him, grabbed his shoulder and shouted: “You thief! Give back my pancake!” +
+ +
+ Page 04 +
+
+ +随着那女人的叫嚷声,一下子围上一大群人。人们把他拖在地上,毒打了一顿,接着又把他拉到警察局去。 Following the woman’s shouting, a group of people immediately gathered around them. They dragged him to the floor, beat him relentlessly and took him to the police station. +
+ +
+ Page 05 +
+
+ +他被拘留了。他仰望窗外清朗、明净和蓝的发亮的天空,苦恼在脑子里打转:人生是多么糟糕!只为了一个蛋饼……他只等待着临头的命运。 He was held in custody and looked outside the window at the bright, clear and shining sky as his sorrows were whirling around his head: “Life is so terrible! Only for a pancake…” He was just waiting for his impending fate. +
+ +
+ Page 06 +
+
+ +忽然,传来一阵敲击木头隔板的声音:“老爷!同志!放我出去吧!看在老天爷面上!我的孩子们在等我呢!”一股浓烈的酒气涌了过来。原来那是个醉汉。 Suddenly, he noticed a tapping sound on the wooden wall: “Masters! Comrades! Let me out! In the name of God! My children are waiting for me!” A wave of boozy breath came over. It turned out to be a drunkard. +
+ +
+ Page 07 +
+
+ +真是可笑极了。“傻瓜,”彼蒂加说,“我怎么能放你出去呢?我也是像你一样,关在这里的呀!” This was ridiculous! “You fool”, Petka said, “how can I let you out? I am locked up in here just like you!” +
+ +
+ Page 08 +
+
+ +“局长同志,请您放我出去吧!你瞧,这是多好的一块金表呀!”果然,从板缝里伸过一只手,手掌里托着一块闪闪发光的金表。表链上还挂着各式各样的小玩艺。 “Comrade director, please let me free! Look at this wonderful golden watch!” Sure enough, there was a hand reaching through the gap in the wall. There was a twisting sparkling golden watch in its palm. All sorts of little charms were hanging on the watch chain. +
+ +
+ Page 09 +
+
+ +彼蒂加清晰地听到那表滴答地响,他的心也跟着猛跳起来。“嘿,真走运!”他抓过表,快活得喘不过气,血忽地涌到小脑瓜里去了。 Petka could clearly hear the watch ticking, and his heart started to beat in time with the watch. “How lucky!” He grabbed the watch so happy he could hardly breathe, and suddenly the blood rushed to his head. +
+ +
+ Page 10 +
+
+ +那醉汉顿着脚,好像给枪剌着一样大叫着:“救命呀!强盗……”彼蒂加吓坏了,紧紧抓着那块表。忽然,他想出了一个好主意。 The drunkard stomped his feet and yelled as if he had been stabbed: “Ah, help! Bandits…” Petka was scared and held the watch tightly. All of a sudden, he had a good idea. +
+ +
+ Page 11 +
+
+ +他把表链和那些小玩艺一起揪下来,塞进板缝:“喏,拿去!”那醉汉已经糊涂了,早把表忘记了。他接过表链,喃喃地说:“多谢!多谢!我的心肝!” He pulled off the chain with the charms and stuffed it through the gap: “Here, take it!” The drunkard was muddle-headed. He had already forgotten about the watch. He took the chain and murmured: “Thanks a lot! Thanks a lot! My precious!” +
+ +
+ Page 12 +
+
+ +太阳在窗外放光,表在彼蒂加手里发亮。他想:聪明人说得对,因祸得福。这表值五十卢布……把它卖了,我得买个白面包,还有猪油、香肠、靴子、带条纹的汗衫…… The sun was shining outside the window, and the watch was gleaming in Petka’s hand. He thought: “The wise man was right about gaining profit by misfortune. This watch is worth 50 Roubles… after selling it, I’ll buy myself white bread and lard, sausages, boots, and also a striped undershirt…” +
+ +
+ Page 13 +
+
+ +一切都很好。只有一样不好,就是像罐子里的老鼠一样被关住了。“不要紧!”他安慰自己,“晚上,市场一收摊子,他们就放我了。”可是时间又是多么长呀!太阳简直一点儿也不着急。 Everything was fine. Only one thing was not fine, to be locked up like a mouse in a jar. “Never mind!” He comforted himself, “in the evening, once the market closes, they will let me go.” But how slowly the time passed! The sun was not in a hurry at all. +
+ +
+ Page 14 +
+
+ +他又仔细看了看那表,才把它塞在破烂的裤袋里。为了牢靠,他把袋子打了一个结。不一会儿,们锁响了,一个警察走进来叫他出去。彼蒂加高兴地跳了起来,提一提裤子,跟着警察走出禁闭室。 Carefully, he looked at the watch and put it into the pocket of his tattered trousers. Just in case, he tied the pocket with a knot. After a while, the door opened, a policeman walked in and called him out. Rejoicing, Petka jumped up, pulled up his pants and followed the policeman out of the guardroom. +
+ +
+ Page 15 +
+
+ +彼蒂加被带进局长办公室。“你好!小扒手。”局长问,“你什么时候生的?”“不知道,可是我十一岁了。”“好像是第七次到我这儿来做客吧?我的判决是原谅你年幼无知,送你到少年教养院去。”彼帝加的头嗡的一声胀大了。 Petka was taken into the chief's office. “Hello, little pickpocket! When were you born?” The chief asked. “I don’t know, but I am eleven years old.” - “You seem to be my guest for the seventh time? My decision is to forgive you your youth and ignorance, and send you to the reformatory.” Petka’s head started to buzz. +
+ +
+ Page 16 +
+
+ +更糟糕的是,局长命令警察搜他的身。他想:从此永远分手了,我的宝贝表!幸亏警察嫌脏,不肯动手。 To make matters worse, the chief ordered the policeman to search his body. He thought: “Farewell forever, my beloved watch.” Fortunately, the policeman disliked filth and was unwilling to move. +
+ +
+ Page 17 +
+
+ +局长对警察说:“不搜也罢,这不关紧要。你带上公文,把这小浪子交给少年教养院去。”警察把公文塞在皮包里,对彼蒂加说:“流浪儿,走吧!”彼蒂加庆幸地一提裤子,迈开大步便走。 The chief said to the policeman: “Don’t search, it doesn't matter. Take this document and bring this little hooligan to the reformatory.” The policeman stuffed the document into his briefcase and turned to Petka: “Hooligan, let's go!” Happily, Petka pulled up his pants and followed with big steps. +
+ +
+ Page 18 +
+
+ +他们穿过热闹的市场,彼蒂加只有一个念头:跑掉!他的心思被警察看透了:“想溜掉吗?那就跑吧!”可他却一本正经的说:“我才不跑呢!即使打死我,我也不跑。” As they crossed the lively market, Petka only had one thought: “Run away!” The policeman read his mind. “Want to slip away? Just run away then!” But he answered seriously: “I won’t run away! Even if you beat me to death, I won’t run away.” +
+ +
+ Page 19 +
+
+ +警察走得口渴了,正好跟过一个叫“米兰”的茶馆,他叫彼蒂加一同进去喝茶,彼蒂加不肯。警察说:“我知道你是不跑的,你是一个乖小子……”他让彼蒂加在外边等着,自己进去了。 The policeman walked and became thirsty, just as they passed by a teahouse called “Milan”. He asked Petka to go in together to drink some tea, but Petka refused. The policeman said: “I know you won’t run away. You’re a good boy…” He left Petka waiting outside and went in by himself. +
+ +
+ Page 20 +
+
+ +彼蒂加二话没说拔脚就跑。他像插上了翅膀,转过街角,狂奔飞跑,心都快要从胸口里跳出来了。往哪儿去呢?他自己也不知道。 Without another word, Petka turned around and ran. He seemed to have grown wings, he turned around the corner and his heart was about to jump out of his chest. Where should he go? He did not know himself. +
+ +
+ Page 21 +
+
+ +他终于在街市的尽头站住了。回头望望没有人追踪,心想:到底跑掉了! 现在我自由了! 他想起了表,用手一摸,哎呀! 表不在了,连袋子也没了。他灰心丧气,差一点哭出来。 Finally, he stopped at the end of the market. He turned around and saw that no one was following him, thinking: “In the end I got away! Now I’m free!” He remembered the watch and felt for it. OH NO! The watch was gone, even his pocket had disappeared. He was so disheartened that he almost began to cry. +
+ +
+ Page 22 +
+
+ +他循着原路回去找,可连表的影子也没看到。快到“米兰”茶馆时,他的眼睛突然一亮,马路上躺着装着表的袋子,他弯腰拾起袋子,哈! 表还在呢! He went back the same way, but he did not even see a shadow of his watch. When he had almost reached the “Milan” teahouse, his eyes suddenly brightened, as he saw the pocket with the watch in it. He bent down to pick it up. HA! The watch was still there! +
+ +
+ Page 23 +
+
+ +这时警察从茶馆里出来了:“好!你毕竟等着,真是好样儿的!”他拿出一块甜饼递给彼蒂加。随后,他们继续向教养院走去。 Right at that moment, the policeman stepped out of the teahouse: “Good! You’ve waited after all. What a good boy!” He took out a piece of sweet cake and handed it to Petka. After this, they continued their walk to the reformatory. +
+ +
+ Page 24 +
+
+ +不多时,他们来到教养院。教养院的房子全是绿顶白墙,窗户带着罩窗,还有个院子,右头围墙,一重大门。彼蒂加叹了一口气。他想,这监牢似的教养院,谁能从这儿逃走呢? Before long, they arrived at the reformatory. The building of the reformatory had a green roof and white walls. The windows had curtains and there was a yard. On the right side of the fence, there was a heavy gate. Petka sighed. He thought: “This reformatory is like a prison, who can escape from here?” +
+ +
+ Page 25 +
+
+ +警察叫开门,他们走进二楼去见院长。警察向院长要了收据,看了彼蒂加一眼:“孩子好好地在这儿生活吧!再见!” The policeman called to open the door and they went to the second floor to see the director. The policeman requested for a receipt from the director and glanced at Petka: “Child, live well here! Goodbye!” +
+ +
+ Page 26 +
+
+ +院长一边翻看着警察局的公文,一边对彼蒂加说:“哦,小偷?这干不得!你这小,再边几年就能成为一个有用的人了……现在我们首先得整理你的外表。” While the director looked through the police documents, he turned to Petka: “Oh, a thief? This can’t be! You’re still young, in a few years, you can turn into a useful person… now, we first have to put your appearance in order.” +
+ +
+ Page 27 +
+
+ +彼蒂加被带到卫生科。卫生员叫他把衣服脱光进浴盆洗澡,还要把他的破衣服烧掉,换一身新的。 Petka was taken to the infirmary. The health worker told him to take off all his clothes, to take a bath in the bathtub and to burn his worn-out clothes in exchange for a set of new ones. +
+ +
+ Page 28 +
+
+ +彼蒂加吃了一惊。他紧紧抓住裤子,怎么办呢?表……幸运的是卫生员暂时离开了浴室。他来不及多想,迅速地从口袋里掏出表,把它塞进嘴里。 Petka was shocked. He firmly held on to his trousers: “What should I do? The watch…” Fortunately, the health worker left the bathroom for a moment. He did not have much time to think, so he quickly took the watch out of his pocket and put it in his mouth. +
+ +
+ Page 29 +
+
+ 卫生员来了,他用钳子把彼蒂加的脏衣服夹了出来,然后又回来给他洗澡。彼蒂加已经五年没洗澡了,躺在浴盆里感到舒服极了。卫生员问他问这问那。彼蒂加因为嘴里含着表,一句话也说不出,只是点头或摇头。 The health worker came back. He carried Petka’s clothes outside with pliers, then returned to give him a bath. Petka had not taken a bath in five years, so when he lay in the bathtub, it felt really comfortable. The health worker asked a stream of questions. But because Petka had the watch in his mouth, he could not say a word, he just nodded or shook his head. +
+ +
+ Page 30 +
+
+ +卫生员终于关上了他的话匣子。他放掉脏水,又放进干净的水,然后拿起报纸:“孩子,如果太冷或太热,你就说话。” The health worker finally turned off his chatterbox. He let the dirty water out, and filled it up with clean water, then he took the newspapers: “Kid, if it’s too cold or too hot, just tell me.” +
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+ Page 31 +
+
+ +热水不断地从龙头里涌出,浴盆里渐渐地烫起来,彼蒂加焦急不安地折腾开了,却又说不出话来。最后,他实在熬不住了,一下子把表吐在浴盆里,大叫一声:“烫呀!”并像弹簧似的跳了出来。 The hot water gushed from the tap ceaselessly. The water in the bathtub got hotter and hotter. Petka tossed about uneasily but was unable to speak out. In the end, he could not take it anymore. All of a sudden, he spit the watch into the bathtub, and screamed: “It’s boiling!” and jumped out like a metal spring. +
+ +
+ Page 32 +
+
+ +卫生员又放了许多冷水在浴盆里,彼蒂加又重新跳了进去。他急忙在盆底摸表,终于碰到了光滑的圆东西,他惊喜地又把它塞进嘴里。不知为什么,浴盆里的水在逐渐减少。 The health worker then poured cold water into the bathtub, so Petka jumped in again. He anxiously felt for the watch at the bottom of the bathtub and finally got hold of a smooth round thing. He eagerly put it into his mouth again. He did not know why, but the water in the bathtub became less and less. +
+ +
+ Page 33 +
+
+ +洗完澡,卫生员给他一套新衣服。他第一次穿这么漂亮的衣服,乐得咧着嘴笑了。卫生员诧导地看着他嘴里发亮的东西:“这是什么?” When he was done bathing, the health worker gave him a set of new clothes. It was the first time for him to wear such pretty clothes, so he grinned with his mouth wide open. The health worker was surprised to see something shiny in his mouth: “What is this?” +
+ +
+ Page 34 +
+
+ +彼蒂加赶紧闭上嘴,卫生员哪肯放过。最后,彼蒂加只得把它吐出来。天啊!这不是浴盆的铜塞子吗?卫生员惊奇地问:“告诉我,为什么把它放进嘴里?”彼蒂加只好撤谎:“我饿!” Petka hastily closed his mouth, but the health worker would not let go. In the end, Petka had to spit it out. Good heavens! Was this not the copper plug of the bathtub? The health worker was surprised: “Tell me, why did you put that into your mouth?” Petka had to lie: “I’m hungry!” +
+ +
+ Page 35 +
+
+ +表哪去了?彼蒂加偷偷朝浴盆张望。浴盆里水已流净,只有一块浴巾。卫生员把铜塞子扔回浴盆,去拿浴巾。彼蒂加心想:这可惜了!表一定在浴巾下面。他灵机一动,突然大叫起来:“啊唷!肚子痛!” Where did the watch go? Petka secretly peeped towards the bathtub. The water in the bathtub had already drained away, there was only a washcloth left. The health worker threw the plug back into the bathtub and was about to take the washcloth. Petka thought: “Too bad! The watch must be under the towel.” He had a sudden idea and screamed: “Ouch! My stomach is aching!” +
+ +
+ Page 36 +
+
+ +卫生员慌了,急忙奔出门去取药。彼蒂加扑到浴巾上,一点不错,表就躺在浴巾下面。他急忙把它抓在手里,把水擦干,欣赏着。手心里的表活像是太阳在放光。 The health worker panicked and hurried out the door to get some medicine. Petka launched towards the cloth. And indeed!, the watch was really under the cloth. He grabbed it really fast, wiped it dry, and admired it. The watch in his hands was shining like the sun. +
+ +
+ Page 37 +
+
+ +彼蒂加急忙把表装进崭新的裤袋里。这时,卫生员拿来一瓶阿摩尼亚水,他嗅了嗅,打了几个喷嚏,就装作病好了。经过梳洗打扮,他变成一个漂亮的小伙子了。 Petka hastily put the watch into the pocket of his brand-new pants. Right then, the health worker brought a bottle of ammonia solution. Petka sniffed it, sneezed a few times, and then pretended to be cured. Now that he had freshened up, he turned into a pretty young lad. +
+ +
+ Page 38 +
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+ +彼蒂加来到食堂,饭菜又热又香。他贪婪地吃着,连盘子都舔光了。独眼龙毕塔珂夫逗弄起他来了:“大饭桶,比大象吃得还多!”彼蒂加生气了,把匙子掷过去,正敲在独眼龙的脑门上。 When Petka arrived at the canteen, the food was hot and smelled good. He ate greedily, even licking the plate clean. The one-eyed Pyatakov began to tease him: “You greedy pig! You eat more than an elephant!” Petka became angry and threw his spoon right at One Eye’s forehead. +
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+ +出了乱子了,院长赶来了。他用严厉的目光看着彼蒂加:“站到门口去,直到大家吃完午饭为止!”孩子们吃完午饭,三三两两从彼蒂加面前跑过去,有的向他伸舌头,有的向他扮鬼脸。 Upon the commotion, the director rushed in. He gave Petka a stern look: “Stand in the doorway until everybody has finished their lunch!” After the children had finished their lunch, they ran past Petka in groups of twos and threes, some of them sticking out their tongues, some of them making faces at him. +
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+ +傍晚,彼蒂加担心把表带在身上会出乱子,于是来到院子里,在墙根挖了个小坑。他把表包好,埋在小坑里,还插上一根小树枝,免得记错了地方。 At dusk, Petka worried that keeping the watch on him might cause trouble, so he went to the yard and dug a small hole at the foot of a wall. He wrapped up the watch, buried it and stuck a small twiglet on it in order not to remember the wrong spot. +
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+ +当天空布满星星的时候,就寝钟响了。彼蒂加倒在床上直睡到天亮。“起来!快起来!”院长摇着他的肩膀,“警察局长要你去一趟。”彼蒂加慌神啦,脚怎么也伸不进裤脚里去。 When the sky was full of stars, the bell rang. Petka fell into bed and slept till dawn. “Get up! Get up!” The director shook his shoulder. “The chief wants you to come.” Petka panicked and could not get his feet into his trousers no matter how hard he tried. +
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+ Page 42 +
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+ 彼蒂加被带到警察局长办公室。他看见局长身旁站着一个红鼻子老汉。彼蒂加想,这一定是那个醉汉了。“凭良心回答,你偷了库兑耶尔的表吗?”局长问。“我敢赌咒,我从来没有见过表……”彼蒂加坦然地回答。 Petka was taken to the chief’s office. He saw an old, red-nosed man standing next to the chief. Petka thought this was for sure the drunkard. “Answer honestly, did you steal Kudeyar’s watch?’’ the chief asked. “I swear, I've never seen that watch…’’, Petka answered calmly. s +
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+ +局长命令警察将彼蒂加从头到脚搜一遍。彼蒂加一点也不害怕,心里非常好笑。后来局长和库兑耶尔一齐动手,结果什么也没有搜到。 The chief ordered a policeman to search Petka from head to toe. Petka, silently finding it hilarious, was not afraid at all. Later, both the chief and Kudeyar joined in, but in the end, they could not find anything. +
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+ +“他根本就没有表。他诬赖好人!”彼蒂加对局长说。局长教训了库兑耶尔一顿。库兑耶尔放声大哭。局长命令警察把彼蒂加送回教养院。 “He doesn’t even own a watch, he’s accusing innocent people!” Petka said to the chief. The chief read Kudeyar the riot act. Kudeyar began to cry loudly. The chief ordered the policeman to take Petka back to the reformatory. +
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+ +警察对彼蒂加说:“你一个人回去吧,我对你的诚实深信不疑。”彼蒂加真的一个人向教养院走去。现在他是不肯逃走的了,因为他心爱的表还埋在教养院的院子里呢! The policeman said to Petka: “Go back by yourself, you are an honest boy.’’ And Petka indeed started to walk back to the reformatory. He did not want to run away now because his beloved watch was still buried in the yard of the reformatory! +
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+ +忽然,库兑耶尔从后面追了上来,扑倒在他的脚上:“求求你,还我表吧!我的女人在生病,孩子在挨饿。看上帝面上,还给我!” Suddenly, Kudeyar caught up with him and threw himself at his feet: “I beg you, give me back my watch! My wife is sick, the children are starving. In the name of God, give it back to me!” +
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+ +彼蒂加毫不理会,继续往前走。库兑耶尔从后面追上来嚷着:“我控告你!我给你吃官司!”“告去就是了,谁也不会相信你这个老酒鬼!”彼蒂加觉得很开心,只管自己的路。 Petka did not pay him any attention and continued to walk ahead. Kudeyar caught up with him, yelling: “I will sue you! I will file a lawsuit!’’ - “Go ahead and sue me, no one will believe an old drunkard like you.’’ Petka felt very happy and went his way. +
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+ +彼蒂加打算先把表挖出来,然后翻墙逃走。可是当他一走进教养院,却看见院子里停放着许多辆运木材的大马车。孩子们在院长的指挥下,正从马车上往下搬运木材。不一会儿,木材就堆满了院子。 Petka came up with a plan. He would first dig out the watch, and then climb over the wall and run away. However, when he arrived at the reformatory, he saw that numerous horse carriages loaded with timber were parked in the courtyard. Under the command of the director, the children unloaded the logs from the carriages. Before long, the courtyard was all filled with timber. +
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+ +他来到埋表的地方,那上面高高地堆放着木材。“我的表……”他伤心地哭了起来。 He arrived at the spot where he had buried the watch. Timber was piled high on top of it. “My watch…” Broken-hearted, he started to cry. +
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+ +这天夜里,他被火车的汽笛声惊醒:“唉唉,车站该是多么有趣!掏空那些有钱人的腰包多开心……”他打定主意,今晚把表弄到手后就逃走。 At night, the sound of a train whistle woke him up. “Oh, how much fun it would be to be at the station and empty out the pockets of all those rich people…” He made up his mind: Tonight, he would get the watch into his hands and just run away. +
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+ +他打开窗户,从排水管滑下来溜到院子里,来到埋表的地方。他使劲地搬开木材,一根,两根,三根……才搬了二三十根,他就上气不接下气了。 He opened the window, glided down the drainpipe, landed in the courtyard, and went to the place where his watch was buried. With all his strength he dragged away the logs. One log, two logs, three logs... when he had dragged away only twenty or thirty logs, he was gasping for air already. +
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+ +当他再搬一根很重的圆木材时,一不小心滑脱了手,整个木材垛塌了下来,发出吓人的声响。随着一声嗥叫,一只大狗向他扑来。彼蒂加吓得浑身发抖,拚命地逃回宿舍里去。 Just when he was pulling one especially heavy log, it slipped out of his hands in a moment of carelessness. The entire pile of tree trunks collapsed, making a frightening noise. Following a loud growl, a huge dog jumped at Petka. Petka's entire body trembled with fear, and he ran back to the dorm for his dear life. +
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+ +第二天,彼蒂加得了严重的肺炎,整整昏睡了三个星期。 The next day, Petka came down with a serious pneumonia and slept for three weeks. +
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+ Page 54 +
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+ +彼蒂加终于活下来了,恢复知觉了。一天,小伙伴米罗诺夫给他送来一本画书,还告诉他,在他害病的那天,毕塔珂夫因偷木材被送到少年管教所去了。彼蒂加禁不住绯红了脸。 Petka finally started to get better and recovered his consciousness. One day, his mate Milonov brought him a picture book. He told him that Pyatakov had been sent to the youth custody centre for stealing wood on the same day that Petka had fallen ill. Petka could not help but blush. +
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+ +米罗诺夫走后,彼蒂加很难过,心想:毕塔珂夫虽然讨厌,毕竟是自己的小伙伴,不能让他白受冤在。他决定去找院长,说明那天晚上是他搬动了木材,但埋表的事是绝对不能讲的。 After Milonov had left, Petka felt very bad and thought to himself: “Even though I detest Pyatakov, he is still my mate, and I can’t let him be accused wrongly.” He decided that he would go to the director and explain that it had been Petka himself, who had moved the logs on that very night, but he would not say a word about the watch. +
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+ +可是,他来到院长办公室,却又失掉了勇气。院长问他有什么事,他只说是来向院长借画书的。院长见他喜欢读书了,很高兴,就拿给他许多书。 However, when he arrived in the director’s office, his courage left him. The director asked him what the matter was, but he only managed to say that he had come to borrow some picture books from him. When the director saw that he liked reading, he was very happy, and gave him many books. +
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+ Page 57 +
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+ +一个星期六的晚上,库兑耶尔突然带着乳酪糖球来看望彼蒂加,他恳求彼蒂加把表还给他。彼蒂加脸色一下子变白了:“我不要!请您走吧!”“什么?叫我走?你还我表!”库兑耶尔大吵大嚷起来。 One Saturday evening, Kudeyar suddenly came to pay Petka a visit, bringing toffees and begging him to return his watch. Petka’s face instantly turned white: “No! I ask you to leave!” – “What? You tell me to go? Give me back my watch!” Kudeyar started to make a big scene. +
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+ Page 58 +
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+ +院长赶来了问:“怎么一回事?”彼蒂加说:“他是我的伯父,是从疯人院出来的。请您不要再放他进来了!”于是大家把库兑耶尔赶走了。 The director hurried over and asked: “What’s going on here?” Petka said: “He is my uncle, he ran away from the madhouse. Please don’t let him come in again!” So everyone chased off Kudeyar. +
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+ Page 59 +
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+ +冬天到了,下起了大雪。院长叫孩子们把院子里的木材搬进库房去。彼蒂加想到心爱的表就可以到手了,所以劲头也来了:“快点儿,加油!”他干得很卖力,像个指挥官似的组织大家传递木材。 Winter came and heavy snow fell. The director called the children to carry the timber from inside the courtyard into the storehouse. Petka thought of how he could finally get his hands on his beloved watch, so he also joined with enthusiasm: “Move up, come on!” He threw himself into the task at hand and ordered everyone to pass the timber just like a commander. +
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+ +可是库房满了,木材没有搬完,彼蒂加大失所望,因为他的心爱的表仍然拿不出来。虽然院长表扬了他,可他感到很遗憾。 But the storage room was full before all the timber had been moved in. Petka lost all his hope, because he could not get hold of his beloved watch. Although the headmaster praised him, he felt quite sorrowful. +
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+ +由于他劳动积极,大家一致选举他当总务组的组长。彼蒂加又高兴起来了。 Because he had worked energetically, everyone elected him unanimously as group leader for general affairs. This cheered Petka up again. +
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+ +大家对他非常信任,他也热心为大家办事;他用心读书,进步很快。到新年时,他升了级,跟高年级孩子一起读书了。表的事也来不及去想了。 Everybody trusted him a lot, and he took care of all of their affairs with his full heart; he studied diligently and made good progress. When the new year started, he moved up to a higher class and studied together with the senior students. He did not have time to think about the matter of the watch anymore. +
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+ Page 63 +
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+ +日子飞快地过去了。三月里,巴黎公社纪念日这一天,孩子们去烈士陵园扫墓。他们在路上遇见了一个醉汉,大家把他推来推去,还用雪球打他的脸。彼蒂加认出那个醉汉正是库兑耶尔。 The days were passing faster and faster. In March, on the Paris Commune Memorial Day, all the kids went out to sweep the tombs at the martyrs’ cemetery. On their way, they came across a drunkard. Everyone rudely pushed and pulled him back and forth and even threw snowballs at his face. Petka recognized that this drunkard was Kudeyar. +
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+ +库兑耶尔呻吟着、挣扎着、躲来躲去。彼蒂加忽然产生了同情心,于是跳出来,叫道:“喂,住手吧!” Kudeyar groaned, fought, and tried his best to duck away from the children. Petka suddenly felt sorry for him and so he jumped between them and shouted: “Hey, stop it!” +
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+ Page 65 +
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+ +库兑耶尔也认出了他,怒吼道:“你这流氓!你偷了我的表!”彼蒂加又羞又愧。 Kudeyar also recognized Petka and shouted in anger: “You rogue! You stole my watch!” Petka felt very ashamed. +
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+ Page 66 +
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+ +复活节快到了。经院长许可,彼蒂加和小伙伴米罗诺夫一起到集市上去玩耍。彼蒂加认识了一个叫娜塔莎的小女孩。他们彼此谈得很亲密,一直玩到很晚才分手。 Easter was near. The director allowed Petka to go out with his mate Milonov to spend some time at the market. There, Petka got to know a girl called Natasha. They started getting closer to each other and only separated when it was very late. +
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+ Page 67 +
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+ 积雪融化了。一天,彼蒂加发现院子里的木材也烧完了。他左思右想,一夜没睡好。第二天清早,他悄悄来到埋表的地方,把表挖了出来。表依然闪闪放光,但彼蒂加却觉得它黯然失色。 The masses of snow had melted away. One day, Petka noticed that all the timber in the yard had been used up. He pondered and pondered, and he could not sleep the entire night. The next day, he secretly went to the place where he hid the watch and dug it out. It was still sparkling and glittering, but Petka had the feeling that it had lost its splendour. +
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+ +这回彼蒂加该按照他的计划逃走了吧?可是,不!现在他不想离开这儿了。那表怎么办呢?扔掉它?怪愚蠢的,最好是还给库兑耶尔,但到哪儿去找他呢?彼蒂加揣着这只可恨的表,心里很痛苦。 Should Petka run away as he had planned? No, of course not! Now he did not want to leave this place. So, what should he do with the watch? Throw it away? That was quite stupid, the best option was to give it back to Kudeyar, but where could he find him? Petka hid this detestable watch in his clothes, his heart heavy. +
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+ +夏天到了,屋顶要油漆一下,院长叫彼蒂加上街去买油漆。他来到市场,想起先前的流浪生活,想到偷东西挨打的难堪情景……唉!真无聊!真糊涂! Summer had arrived, and the roof needed to be painted. The director asked Petka to go shopping for paint. When he came to the market, he thought of his previous vagrant life and the embarrassment of stealing and being beaten up… UGH! What a bore! How confusing! +
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+ +“捉贼!捉住他!”突然传来一阵叫喊声。转眼间,从他面前跑过一个蓬头垢面的孩子。彼蒂加立刻认出那是毕塔珂夫。他一下子抓住毕塔珂夫的肩膀。毕塔珂夫一闪身,回手照他心窝就是一拳。 “Catch the thief! Catch him!” Suddenly there was shouting. In the blink of an eye, an unkempt child ran past him. Petka immediately recognized that it was Pyatakov. He grabbed Pyatakov’s shoulder at once. Pyatakov flinched, and then gave him a punch in the gut. +
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+ +“不要撒野!你不认识我啦!我是彼蒂加。”他们来到远离街心的僻静的地方,“原谅我吧,全是我不好……”他对毕塔珂夫讲述了那晚偷搬木材的事。 “Don’t be wild! Don’t you know me? I’m Petka!” They came to a secluded place, away from the middle of the street, “forgive me, it's all my fault…,” he told Pyatakov about the matter of stealing the wood that night. +
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+ +毕塔珂夫大笑起来:“可那一夜我确实弄了十六根木材,卖给小贩了……”他敲了一下彼蒂加的前额,就踉踉跄跄地走了。 Pyatakov started laughing: “But I did get 16 pieces of lumber that night, and sold that to a black-market handler…” he hit Petka on the forehead and staggered away. +
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+ +突然,毕塔珂夫又转身回来打了彼蒂加一记耳光:“把表给我!听见没有?你当我不知道?我跟库兑耶尔同住了半年监牢,他都对我讲了……现在他还关在监狱里。”彼蒂加真想快点儿把表交给毕塔珂夫。 Suddenly, Pyatakov turned around and slapped Petka into the face: “Give me the watch! Did you hear that? You think I don’t know? I spent half a year in jail with Kudeyar, and he told me everything… he is still locked up in jail.” Petka really wanted to give the watch to Pyatakov quickly. +
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+ +这时,警察和一群人赶来了。毕塔珂夫被捕了。 At this time, the police and a group of people arrived. Pyatakov was arrested. +
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+ +彼蒂加穿过市场,闷闷不乐地向颜料店走去。他狠狠地捏住口袋里的表:我要这包袱干什么?这个倒霉的玩艺儿!他转过街角,忽然看见一个卖表链的小女孩,原来是娜塔莎。 Petka crossed the market and walked to the paint shop gloomily. He squeezed the watch in his pocket fiercely: What do I want this burden for? This hapless game! As he turned around the corner of the street, he suddenly saw a girl selling a watch chain. The girl turned out to be Natasha. +
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+ +他分明认得,那表链正是库兑耶尔的。他问娜塔莎表链是从哪儿来的。她说:“这是我爸爸的。他从监狱捎来一封信,叫我卖……我没办法生活……” He clearly recognized that the watch chain belonged to Kudeyar. He asked Natasha where the watch chain came from. She said: “This is my father's. He sent a letter from prison asking me to sell it… I can’t live like this…” +
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+ +彼蒂加觉得脑袋在胀大,脚下的地面在摇动,他几乎要跌倒了。他把表链接过来,久久地端详着…… Petka felt his head swell and the ground under his feet shaking, and he almost fell. He took the watch chain and looked at it for a long time… +
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+ +他从衣袋里掏出那只表,用发抖的手把它挂在表链上,递给娜塔莎说:“给你!”然后,飞快地跑走,消失在喧闹的人群中了。 He took the watch out of his pocket, attached it to the watch chain with trembling hands and handed it to Natasha: “Here, for you!” Then he ran away quickly and disappeared into the noisy crowd. +
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    This translation was produced in a joint translation project by BA students at the Institute of Chinese Studies, University of Freiburg, supervised by Lena Henningsen. We acknowledge the support of the ERC-funded project “The Politics of Reading in the People’s Republic of China” (READCHINA, Grant agreement No. 757365/SH5: 2018-2023). Special thanks go to Julia Schneider for a critical reading of the translation and to our colleagues Matthias Arnold and Hanno Lecher from the Centre for Asian and Transcultural Studies (CATS), Heidelberg University, for providing us with high resolution scans of the comics which are part of the Seifert collection.

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    We have taken much effort to contact the publisher of this comic in order to acquire permission by the copyright holder to publish the pages online. We regret that we have not received responses to our inquiries. If you believe that copyrights are not being respected, please send an email message to: readchina"at"mail.sinologie.uni-freiburg.de. We will respond as soon as possible and will work with you to either accredit the material correctly or remove it entirely. ↩︎

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+ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + diff --git a/public/biao/index.xml b/public/biao/index.xml new file mode 100644 index 0000000..1588f81 --- /dev/null +++ b/public/biao/index.xml @@ -0,0 +1,814 @@ + + + + The Watch 表 (1980) on Comics + https://readchina.github.io/comics/biao/ + Recent content in The Watch 表 (1980) on Comics + Hugo -- gohugo.io + en-us + + About the translation + https://readchina.github.io/comics/biao/a-translation-notes/ + Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 + + https://readchina.github.io/comics/biao/a-translation-notes/ + This translation is the outcome of a joint translation project taught in the winter of 2020/2021 at the University of Freiburg. Our aim in this translation was to remain as faithful as possible to the Chinese original while at the same time conveying a tone of narration in line with a comic book addressed to young readers based on a &ldquo;classical&rdquo; piece of children&rsquo;s literature. As the story takes place in early 20th century Russia, the given names of the characters are given in Russian. + + + + Front and back cover + https://readchina.github.io/comics/biao/b-cover/ + Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 + + https://readchina.github.io/comics/biao/b-cover/ + + + + + Frontmatter + https://readchina.github.io/comics/biao/b-front/ + Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 + + https://readchina.github.io/comics/biao/b-front/ + + + + + Page 01 + https://readchina.github.io/comics/biao/b-page-01/ + Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 + + https://readchina.github.io/comics/biao/b-page-01/ + +彼蒂加对做过的事情都糊涂得很。他在市场里到处走,什么都想过了。他又懊恼、又伤心。他饿得很,想买点儿吃的,可是口袋里一分钱也没有。 Petka was confused about the things he had done. He walked around the marketplace thinking about all sorts of things. He was frustrated and sad. He was terribly hungry and wanted to buy something to eat, but he did not have any money in his pocket. + + + + Page 02 + https://readchina.github.io/comics/biao/b-page-02/ + Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 + + https://readchina.github.io/comics/biao/b-page-02/ + +忽然,他看见一个女人在卖蛋饼,那蛋饼焦黄、松脆,还冒着热气。他馋得直流 口涎,于是走过去,拿起一个蛋饼,嗅了一嗅,塞在袋子里,转身走开了。 All of a sudden, he saw a woman selling pancakes which were brown, crisp and gave off hot steam. His mouth was watering, so he went and took one of the pancakes, smelled it, stuffed it in his pocket, turned around and walked away. + + + + Page 03 + https://readchina.github.io/comics/biao/b-page-03/ + Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 + + https://readchina.github.io/comics/biao/b-page-03/ + +那女人追了过来,一把抓住他的肩膀,嚷道:“你偷东西!还我蛋饼!” The woman chased after him, grabbed his shoulder and shouted: &ldquo;You thief! Give back my pancake!&rdquo; + + + + Page 04 + https://readchina.github.io/comics/biao/b-page-04/ + Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 + + https://readchina.github.io/comics/biao/b-page-04/ + +随着那女人的叫嚷声,一下子围上一大群人。人们把他拖在地上,毒打了一顿,接着又把他拉到警察局去。 Following the woman&rsquo;s shouting, a group of people immediately gathered around them. They dragged him to the floor, beat him relentlessly and took him to the police station. + + + + Page 05 + https://readchina.github.io/comics/biao/b-page-05/ + Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 + + https://readchina.github.io/comics/biao/b-page-05/ + +他被拘留了。他仰望窗外清朗、明净和蓝的发亮的天空,苦恼在脑子里打转:人生是多么糟糕!只为了一个蛋饼……他只等待着临头的命运。 He was held in custody and looked outside the window at the bright, clear and shining sky as his sorrows were whirling around his head: &ldquo;Life is so terrible! Only for a pancake…&rdquo; He was just waiting for his impending fate. + + + + Page 06 + https://readchina.github.io/comics/biao/b-page-06/ + Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 + + https://readchina.github.io/comics/biao/b-page-06/ + +忽然,传来一阵敲击木头隔板的声音:“老爷!同志!放我出去吧!看在老天爷面上!我的孩子们在等我呢!”一股浓烈的酒气涌了过来。原来那是个醉汉。 Suddenly, he noticed a tapping sound on the wooden wall: &ldquo;Masters! Comrades! Let me out! In the name of God! My children are waiting for me!&rdquo; A wave of boozy breath came over. It turned out to be a drunkard. + + + + Page 07 + https://readchina.github.io/comics/biao/b-page-07/ + Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 + + https://readchina.github.io/comics/biao/b-page-07/ + +真是可笑极了。“傻瓜,”彼蒂加说,“我怎么能放你出去呢?我也是像你一样,关在这里的呀!” This was ridiculous! &ldquo;You fool&rdquo;, Petka said, &ldquo;how can I let you out? I am locked up in here just like you!&rdquo; + + + + Page 08 + https://readchina.github.io/comics/biao/b-page-08/ + Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 + + https://readchina.github.io/comics/biao/b-page-08/ + +“局长同志,请您放我出去吧!你瞧,这是多好的一块金表呀!”果然,从板缝里伸过一只手,手掌里托着一块闪闪发光的金表。表链上还挂着各式各样的小玩艺。 &ldquo;Comrade director, please let me free! Look at this wonderful golden watch!&rdquo; Sure enough, there was a hand reaching through the gap in the wall. There was a twisting sparkling golden watch in its palm. All sorts of little charms were hanging on the watch chain. + + + + Page 09 + https://readchina.github.io/comics/biao/b-page-09/ + Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 + + https://readchina.github.io/comics/biao/b-page-09/ + +彼蒂加清晰地听到那表滴答地响,他的心也跟着猛跳起来。“嘿,真走运!”他抓过表,快活得喘不过气,血忽地涌到小脑瓜里去了。 Petka could clearly hear the watch ticking, and his heart started to beat in time with the watch. &ldquo;How lucky!&rdquo; He grabbed the watch so happy he could hardly breathe, and suddenly the blood rushed to his head. + + + + Page 10 + https://readchina.github.io/comics/biao/b-page-10/ + Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 + + https://readchina.github.io/comics/biao/b-page-10/ + +那醉汉顿着脚,好像给枪剌着一样大叫着:“救命呀!强盗……”彼蒂加吓坏了,紧紧抓着那块表。忽然,他想出了一个好主意。 The drunkard stomped his feet and yelled as if he had been stabbed: &ldquo;Ah, help! Bandits&hellip;&rdquo; Petka was scared and held the watch tightly. All of a sudden, he had a good idea. + + + + Page 11 + https://readchina.github.io/comics/biao/b-page-11/ + Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 + + https://readchina.github.io/comics/biao/b-page-11/ + +他把表链和那些小玩艺一起揪下来,塞进板缝:“喏,拿去!”那醉汉已经糊涂了,早把表忘记了。他接过表链,喃喃地说:“多谢!多谢!我的心肝!” He pulled off the chain with the charms and stuffed it through the gap: &ldquo;Here, take it!&rdquo; The drunkard was muddle-headed. He had already forgotten about the watch. He took the chain and murmured: &ldquo;Thanks a lot! Thanks a lot! My precious!&rdquo; + + + + Page 12 + https://readchina.github.io/comics/biao/b-page-12/ + Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 + + https://readchina.github.io/comics/biao/b-page-12/ + +太阳在窗外放光,表在彼蒂加手里发亮。他想:聪明人说得对,因祸得福。这表值五十卢布……把它卖了,我得买个白面包,还有猪油、香肠、靴子、带条纹的汗衫…… The sun was shining outside the window, and the watch was gleaming in Petka&rsquo;s hand. He thought: &ldquo;The wise man was right about gaining profit by misfortune. This watch is worth 50 Roubles… after selling it, I&rsquo;ll buy myself white bread and lard, sausages, boots, and also a striped undershirt…&rdquo; + + + + Page 13 + https://readchina.github.io/comics/biao/b-page-13/ + Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 + + https://readchina.github.io/comics/biao/b-page-13/ + +一切都很好。只有一样不好,就是像罐子里的老鼠一样被关住了。“不要紧!”他安慰自己,“晚上,市场一收摊子,他们就放我了。”可是时间又是多么长呀!太阳简直一点儿也不着急。 Everything was fine. Only one thing was not fine, to be locked up like a mouse in a jar. &ldquo;Never mind!&rdquo; He comforted himself, &ldquo;in the evening, once the market closes, they will let me go.&rdquo; But how slowly the time passed! The sun was not in a hurry at all. + + + + Page 14 + https://readchina.github.io/comics/biao/b-page-14/ + Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 + + https://readchina.github.io/comics/biao/b-page-14/ + +他又仔细看了看那表,才把它塞在破烂的裤袋里。为了牢靠,他把袋子打了一个结。不一会儿,们锁响了,一个警察走进来叫他出去。彼蒂加高兴地跳了起来,提一提裤子,跟着警察走出禁闭室。 Carefully, he looked at the watch and put it into the pocket of his tattered trousers. Just in case, he tied the pocket with a knot. After a while, the door opened, a policeman walked in and called him out. Rejoicing, Petka jumped up, pulled up his pants and followed the policeman out of the guardroom. + + + + Page 15 + https://readchina.github.io/comics/biao/b-page-15/ + Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 + + https://readchina.github.io/comics/biao/b-page-15/ + +彼蒂加被带进局长办公室。“你好!小扒手。”局长问,“你什么时候生的?”“不知道,可是我十一岁了。”“好像是第七次到我这儿来做客吧?我的判决是原谅你年幼无知,送你到少年教养院去。”彼帝加的头嗡的一声胀大了。 Petka was taken into the chief's office. &ldquo;Hello, little pickpocket! When were you born?&rdquo; The chief asked. &ldquo;I don&rsquo;t know, but I am eleven years old.&rdquo; - &ldquo;You seem to be my guest for the seventh time? My decision is to forgive you your youth and ignorance, and send you to the reformatory.&rdquo; Petka&rsquo;s head started to buzz. + + + + Page 16 + https://readchina.github.io/comics/biao/b-page-16/ + Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 + + https://readchina.github.io/comics/biao/b-page-16/ + +更糟糕的是,局长命令警察搜他的身。他想:从此永远分手了,我的宝贝表!幸亏警察嫌脏,不肯动手。 To make matters worse, the chief ordered the policeman to search his body. He thought: &ldquo;Farewell forever, my beloved watch.&rdquo; Fortunately, the policeman disliked filth and was unwilling to move. + + + + Page 17 + https://readchina.github.io/comics/biao/b-page-17/ + Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 + + https://readchina.github.io/comics/biao/b-page-17/ + +局长对警察说:“不搜也罢,这不关紧要。你带上公文,把这小浪子交给少年教养院去。”警察把公文塞在皮包里,对彼蒂加说:“流浪儿,走吧!”彼蒂加庆幸地一提裤子,迈开大步便走。 The chief said to the policeman: &ldquo;Don&rsquo;t search, it doesn't matter. Take this document and bring this little hooligan to the reformatory.&rdquo; The policeman stuffed the document into his briefcase and turned to Petka: &ldquo;Hooligan, let's go!&rdquo; Happily, Petka pulled up his pants and followed with big steps. + + + + Page 18 + https://readchina.github.io/comics/biao/b-page-18/ + Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 + + https://readchina.github.io/comics/biao/b-page-18/ + +他们穿过热闹的市场,彼蒂加只有一个念头:跑掉!他的心思被警察看透了:“想溜掉吗?那就跑吧!”可他却一本正经的说:“我才不跑呢!即使打死我,我也不跑。” As they crossed the lively market, Petka only had one thought: &ldquo;Run away!&rdquo; The policeman read his mind. &ldquo;Want to slip away? Just run away then!&rdquo; But he answered seriously: &ldquo;I won&rsquo;t run away! Even if you beat me to death, I won&rsquo;t run away.&rdquo; + + + + Page 19 + https://readchina.github.io/comics/biao/b-page-19/ + Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 + + https://readchina.github.io/comics/biao/b-page-19/ + +警察走得口渴了,正好跟过一个叫“米兰”的茶馆,他叫彼蒂加一同进去喝茶,彼蒂加不肯。警察说:“我知道你是不跑的,你是一个乖小子……”他让彼蒂加在外边等着,自己进去了。 The policeman walked and became thirsty, just as they passed by a teahouse called &ldquo;Milan&rdquo;. He asked Petka to go in together to drink some tea, but Petka refused. The policeman said: &ldquo;I know you won&rsquo;t run away. You&rsquo;re a good boy…&rdquo; He left Petka waiting outside and went in by himself. + + + + Page 20 + https://readchina.github.io/comics/biao/b-page-20/ + Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 + + https://readchina.github.io/comics/biao/b-page-20/ + +彼蒂加二话没说拔脚就跑。他像插上了翅膀,转过街角,狂奔飞跑,心都快要从胸口里跳出来了。往哪儿去呢?他自己也不知道。 Without another word, Petka turned around and ran. He seemed to have grown wings, he turned around the corner and his heart was about to jump out of his chest. Where should he go? He did not know himself. + + + + Page 21 + https://readchina.github.io/comics/biao/b-page-21/ + Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 + + https://readchina.github.io/comics/biao/b-page-21/ + +他终于在街市的尽头站住了。回头望望没有人追踪,心想:到底跑掉了! 现在我自由了! 他想起了表,用手一摸,哎呀! 表不在了,连袋子也没了。他灰心丧气,差一点哭出来。 Finally, he stopped at the end of the market. He turned around and saw that no one was following him, thinking: &ldquo;In the end I got away! Now I&rsquo;m free!&rdquo; He remembered the watch and felt for it. OH NO! The watch was gone, even his pocket had disappeared. He was so disheartened that he almost began to cry. + + + + Page 22 + https://readchina.github.io/comics/biao/b-page-22/ + Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 + + https://readchina.github.io/comics/biao/b-page-22/ + +他循着原路回去找,可连表的影子也没看到。快到“米兰”茶馆时,他的眼睛突然一亮,马路上躺着装着表的袋子,他弯腰拾起袋子,哈! 表还在呢! He went back the same way, but he did not even see a shadow of his watch. When he had almost reached the &ldquo;Milan&rdquo; teahouse, his eyes suddenly brightened, as he saw the pocket with the watch in it. He bent down to pick it up. HA! The watch was still there! + + + + Page 23 + https://readchina.github.io/comics/biao/b-page-23/ + Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 + + https://readchina.github.io/comics/biao/b-page-23/ + +这时警察从茶馆里出来了:“好!你毕竟等着,真是好样儿的!”他拿出一块甜饼递给彼蒂加。随后,他们继续向教养院走去。 Right at that moment, the policeman stepped out of the teahouse: &ldquo;Good! You&rsquo;ve waited after all. What a good boy!&rdquo; He took out a piece of sweet cake and handed it to Petka. After this, they continued their walk to the reformatory. + + + + Page 24 + https://readchina.github.io/comics/biao/b-page-24/ + Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 + + https://readchina.github.io/comics/biao/b-page-24/ + +不多时,他们来到教养院。教养院的房子全是绿顶白墙,窗户带着罩窗,还有个院子,右头围墙,一重大门。彼蒂加叹了一口气。他想,这监牢似的教养院,谁能从这儿逃走呢? Before long, they arrived at the reformatory. The building of the reformatory had a green roof and white walls. The windows had curtains and there was a yard. On the right side of the fence, there was a heavy gate. Petka sighed. He thought: &ldquo;This reformatory is like a prison, who can escape from here?&rdquo; + + + + Page 25 + https://readchina.github.io/comics/biao/b-page-25/ + Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 + + https://readchina.github.io/comics/biao/b-page-25/ + +警察叫开门,他们走进二楼去见院长。警察向院长要了收据,看了彼蒂加一眼:“孩子好好地在这儿生活吧!再见!” The policeman called to open the door and they went to the second floor to see the director. The policeman requested for a receipt from the director and glanced at Petka: &ldquo;Child, live well here! Goodbye!&rdquo; + + + + Page 26 + https://readchina.github.io/comics/biao/b-page-26/ + Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 + + https://readchina.github.io/comics/biao/b-page-26/ + +院长一边翻看着警察局的公文,一边对彼蒂加说:“哦,小偷?这干不得!你这小,再边几年就能成为一个有用的人了……现在我们首先得整理你的外表。” While the director looked through the police documents, he turned to Petka: &ldquo;Oh, a thief? This can&rsquo;t be! You&rsquo;re still young, in a few years, you can turn into a useful person&hellip; now, we first have to put your appearance in order.&rdquo; + + + + Page 27 + https://readchina.github.io/comics/biao/b-page-27/ + Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 + + https://readchina.github.io/comics/biao/b-page-27/ + +彼蒂加被带到卫生科。卫生员叫他把衣服脱光进浴盆洗澡,还要把他的破衣服烧掉,换一身新的。 Petka was taken to the infirmary. The health worker told him to take off all his clothes, to take a bath in the bathtub and to burn his worn-out clothes in exchange for a set of new ones. + + + + Page 28 + https://readchina.github.io/comics/biao/b-page-28/ + Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 + + https://readchina.github.io/comics/biao/b-page-28/ + +彼蒂加吃了一惊。他紧紧抓住裤子,怎么办呢?表……幸运的是卫生员暂时离开了浴室。他来不及多想,迅速地从口袋里掏出表,把它塞进嘴里。 Petka was shocked. He firmly held on to his trousers: &ldquo;What should I do? The watch&hellip;&rdquo; Fortunately, the health worker left the bathroom for a moment. He did not have much time to think, so he quickly took the watch out of his pocket and put it in his mouth. + + + + Page 29 + https://readchina.github.io/comics/biao/b-page-29/ + Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 + + https://readchina.github.io/comics/biao/b-page-29/ + 卫生员来了,他用钳子把彼蒂加的脏衣服夹了出来,然后又回来给他洗澡。彼蒂加已经五年没洗澡了,躺在浴盆里感到舒服极了。卫生员问他问这问那。彼蒂加因为嘴里含着表,一句话也说不出,只是点头或摇头。 The health worker came back. He carried Petka&rsquo;s clothes outside with pliers, then returned to give him a bath. Petka had not taken a bath in five years, so when he lay in the bathtub, it felt really comfortable. The health worker asked a stream of questions. But because Petka had the watch in his mouth, he could not say a word, he just nodded or shook his head. + + + + Page 30 + https://readchina.github.io/comics/biao/b-page-30/ + Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 + + https://readchina.github.io/comics/biao/b-page-30/ + +卫生员终于关上了他的话匣子。他放掉脏水,又放进干净的水,然后拿起报纸:“孩子,如果太冷或太热,你就说话。” The health worker finally turned off his chatterbox. He let the dirty water out, and filled it up with clean water, then he took the newspapers: &ldquo;Kid, if it&rsquo;s too cold or too hot, just tell me.&rdquo; + + + + Page 31 + https://readchina.github.io/comics/biao/b-page-31/ + Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 + + https://readchina.github.io/comics/biao/b-page-31/ + +热水不断地从龙头里涌出,浴盆里渐渐地烫起来,彼蒂加焦急不安地折腾开了,却又说不出话来。最后,他实在熬不住了,一下子把表吐在浴盆里,大叫一声:“烫呀!”并像弹簧似的跳了出来。 The hot water gushed from the tap ceaselessly. The water in the bathtub got hotter and hotter. Petka tossed about uneasily but was unable to speak out. In the end, he could not take it anymore. All of a sudden, he spit the watch into the bathtub, and screamed: &ldquo;It&rsquo;s boiling!&rdquo; and jumped out like a metal spring. + + + + Page 32 + https://readchina.github.io/comics/biao/b-page-32/ + Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 + + https://readchina.github.io/comics/biao/b-page-32/ + +卫生员又放了许多冷水在浴盆里,彼蒂加又重新跳了进去。他急忙在盆底摸表,终于碰到了光滑的圆东西,他惊喜地又把它塞进嘴里。不知为什么,浴盆里的水在逐渐减少。 The health worker then poured cold water into the bathtub, so Petka jumped in again. He anxiously felt for the watch at the bottom of the bathtub and finally got hold of a smooth round thing. He eagerly put it into his mouth again. He did not know why, but the water in the bathtub became less and less. + + + + Page 33 + https://readchina.github.io/comics/biao/b-page-33/ + Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 + + https://readchina.github.io/comics/biao/b-page-33/ + +洗完澡,卫生员给他一套新衣服。他第一次穿这么漂亮的衣服,乐得咧着嘴笑了。卫生员诧导地看着他嘴里发亮的东西:“这是什么?” When he was done bathing, the health worker gave him a set of new clothes. It was the first time for him to wear such pretty clothes, so he grinned with his mouth wide open. The health worker was surprised to see something shiny in his mouth: &ldquo;What is this?&rdquo; + + + + Page 34 + https://readchina.github.io/comics/biao/b-page-34/ + Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 + + https://readchina.github.io/comics/biao/b-page-34/ + +彼蒂加赶紧闭上嘴,卫生员哪肯放过。最后,彼蒂加只得把它吐出来。天啊!这不是浴盆的铜塞子吗?卫生员惊奇地问:“告诉我,为什么把它放进嘴里?”彼蒂加只好撤谎:“我饿!” Petka hastily closed his mouth, but the health worker would not let go. In the end, Petka had to spit it out. Good heavens! Was this not the copper plug of the bathtub? The health worker was surprised: &ldquo;Tell me, why did you put that into your mouth?&rdquo; Petka had to lie: &ldquo;I&rsquo;m hungry!&rdquo; + + + + Page 35 + https://readchina.github.io/comics/biao/b-page-35/ + Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 + + https://readchina.github.io/comics/biao/b-page-35/ + +表哪去了?彼蒂加偷偷朝浴盆张望。浴盆里水已流净,只有一块浴巾。卫生员把铜塞子扔回浴盆,去拿浴巾。彼蒂加心想:这可惜了!表一定在浴巾下面。他灵机一动,突然大叫起来:“啊唷!肚子痛!” Where did the watch go? Petka secretly peeped towards the bathtub. The water in the bathtub had already drained away, there was only a washcloth left. The health worker threw the plug back into the bathtub and was about to take the washcloth. Petka thought: &ldquo;Too bad! The watch must be under the towel.&rdquo; He had a sudden idea and screamed: &ldquo;Ouch! My stomach is aching!&rdquo; + + + + Page 36 + https://readchina.github.io/comics/biao/b-page-36/ + Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 + + https://readchina.github.io/comics/biao/b-page-36/ + +卫生员慌了,急忙奔出门去取药。彼蒂加扑到浴巾上,一点不错,表就躺在浴巾下面。他急忙把它抓在手里,把水擦干,欣赏着。手心里的表活像是太阳在放光。 The health worker panicked and hurried out the door to get some medicine. Petka launched towards the cloth. And indeed!, the watch was really under the cloth. He grabbed it really fast, wiped it dry, and admired it. The watch in his hands was shining like the sun. + + + + Page 37 + https://readchina.github.io/comics/biao/b-page-37/ + Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 + + https://readchina.github.io/comics/biao/b-page-37/ + +彼蒂加急忙把表装进崭新的裤袋里。这时,卫生员拿来一瓶阿摩尼亚水,他嗅了嗅,打了几个喷嚏,就装作病好了。经过梳洗打扮,他变成一个漂亮的小伙子了。 Petka hastily put the watch into the pocket of his brand-new pants. Right then, the health worker brought a bottle of ammonia solution. Petka sniffed it, sneezed a few times, and then pretended to be cured. Now that he had freshened up, he turned into a pretty young lad. + + + + Page 38 + https://readchina.github.io/comics/biao/b-page-38/ + Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 + + https://readchina.github.io/comics/biao/b-page-38/ + +彼蒂加来到食堂,饭菜又热又香。他贪婪地吃着,连盘子都舔光了。独眼龙毕塔珂夫逗弄起他来了:“大饭桶,比大象吃得还多!”彼蒂加生气了,把匙子掷过去,正敲在独眼龙的脑门上。 When Petka arrived at the canteen, the food was hot and smelled good. He ate greedily, even licking the plate clean. The one-eyed Pyatakov began to tease him: &ldquo;You greedy pig! You eat more than an elephant!&rdquo; Petka became angry and threw his spoon right at One Eye&rsquo;s forehead. + + + + Page 39 + https://readchina.github.io/comics/biao/b-page-39/ + Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 + + https://readchina.github.io/comics/biao/b-page-39/ + +出了乱子了,院长赶来了。他用严厉的目光看着彼蒂加:“站到门口去,直到大家吃完午饭为止!”孩子们吃完午饭,三三两两从彼蒂加面前跑过去,有的向他伸舌头,有的向他扮鬼脸。 Upon the commotion, the director rushed in. He gave Petka a stern look: &ldquo;Stand in the doorway until everybody has finished their lunch!&rdquo; After the children had finished their lunch, they ran past Petka in groups of twos and threes, some of them sticking out their tongues, some of them making faces at him. + + + + Page 40 + https://readchina.github.io/comics/biao/b-page-40/ + Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 + + https://readchina.github.io/comics/biao/b-page-40/ + +傍晚,彼蒂加担心把表带在身上会出乱子,于是来到院子里,在墙根挖了个小坑。他把表包好,埋在小坑里,还插上一根小树枝,免得记错了地方。 At dusk, Petka worried that keeping the watch on him might cause trouble, so he went to the yard and dug a small hole at the foot of a wall. He wrapped up the watch, buried it and stuck a small twiglet on it in order not to remember the wrong spot. + + + + Page 41 + https://readchina.github.io/comics/biao/b-page-41/ + Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 + + https://readchina.github.io/comics/biao/b-page-41/ + +当天空布满星星的时候,就寝钟响了。彼蒂加倒在床上直睡到天亮。“起来!快起来!”院长摇着他的肩膀,“警察局长要你去一趟。”彼蒂加慌神啦,脚怎么也伸不进裤脚里去。 When the sky was full of stars, the bell rang. Petka fell into bed and slept till dawn. &ldquo;Get up! Get up!&rdquo; The director shook his shoulder. &ldquo;The chief wants you to come.&rdquo; Petka panicked and could not get his feet into his trousers no matter how hard he tried. + + + + Page 42 + https://readchina.github.io/comics/biao/b-page-42/ + Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 + + https://readchina.github.io/comics/biao/b-page-42/ + 彼蒂加被带到警察局长办公室。他看见局长身旁站着一个红鼻子老汉。彼蒂加想,这一定是那个醉汉了。“凭良心回答,你偷了库兑耶尔的表吗?”局长问。“我敢赌咒,我从来没有见过表……”彼蒂加坦然地回答。 Petka was taken to the chief&rsquo;s office. He saw an old, red-nosed man standing next to the chief. Petka thought this was for sure the drunkard. &ldquo;Answer honestly, did you steal Kudeyar&rsquo;s watch?&rsquo;&rsquo; the chief asked. &ldquo;I swear, I've never seen that watch&hellip;&rsquo;&rsquo;, Petka answered calmly. s + + + + Page 43 + https://readchina.github.io/comics/biao/b-page-43/ + Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 + + https://readchina.github.io/comics/biao/b-page-43/ + +局长命令警察将彼蒂加从头到脚搜一遍。彼蒂加一点也不害怕,心里非常好笑。后来局长和库兑耶尔一齐动手,结果什么也没有搜到。 The chief ordered a policeman to search Petka from head to toe. Petka, silently finding it hilarious, was not afraid at all. Later, both the chief and Kudeyar joined in, but in the end, they could not find anything. + + + + Page 44 + https://readchina.github.io/comics/biao/b-page-44/ + Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 + + https://readchina.github.io/comics/biao/b-page-44/ + +“他根本就没有表。他诬赖好人!”彼蒂加对局长说。局长教训了库兑耶尔一顿。库兑耶尔放声大哭。局长命令警察把彼蒂加送回教养院。 &ldquo;He doesn&rsquo;t even own a watch, he&rsquo;s accusing innocent people!&rdquo; Petka said to the chief. The chief read Kudeyar the riot act. Kudeyar began to cry loudly. The chief ordered the policeman to take Petka back to the reformatory. + + + + Page 45 + https://readchina.github.io/comics/biao/b-page-45/ + Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 + + https://readchina.github.io/comics/biao/b-page-45/ + +警察对彼蒂加说:“你一个人回去吧,我对你的诚实深信不疑。”彼蒂加真的一个人向教养院走去。现在他是不肯逃走的了,因为他心爱的表还埋在教养院的院子里呢! The policeman said to Petka: &ldquo;Go back by yourself, you are an honest boy.&rsquo;&rsquo; And Petka indeed started to walk back to the reformatory. He did not want to run away now because his beloved watch was still buried in the yard of the reformatory! + + + + Page 46 + https://readchina.github.io/comics/biao/b-page-46/ + Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 + + https://readchina.github.io/comics/biao/b-page-46/ + +忽然,库兑耶尔从后面追了上来,扑倒在他的脚上:“求求你,还我表吧!我的女人在生病,孩子在挨饿。看上帝面上,还给我!” Suddenly, Kudeyar caught up with him and threw himself at his feet: &ldquo;I beg you, give me back my watch! My wife is sick, the children are starving. In the name of God, give it back to me!&rdquo; + + + + Page 47 + https://readchina.github.io/comics/biao/b-page-47/ + Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 + + https://readchina.github.io/comics/biao/b-page-47/ + +彼蒂加毫不理会,继续往前走。库兑耶尔从后面追上来嚷着:“我控告你!我给你吃官司!”“告去就是了,谁也不会相信你这个老酒鬼!”彼蒂加觉得很开心,只管自己的路。 Petka did not pay him any attention and continued to walk ahead. Kudeyar caught up with him, yelling: &ldquo;I will sue you! I will file a lawsuit!&rsquo;&rsquo; - &ldquo;Go ahead and sue me, no one will believe an old drunkard like you.&rsquo;&rsquo; Petka felt very happy and went his way. + + + + Page 48 + https://readchina.github.io/comics/biao/b-page-48/ + Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 + + https://readchina.github.io/comics/biao/b-page-48/ + +彼蒂加打算先把表挖出来,然后翻墙逃走。可是当他一走进教养院,却看见院子里停放着许多辆运木材的大马车。孩子们在院长的指挥下,正从马车上往下搬运木材。不一会儿,木材就堆满了院子。 Petka came up with a plan. He would first dig out the watch, and then climb over the wall and run away. However, when he arrived at the reformatory, he saw that numerous horse carriages loaded with timber were parked in the courtyard. Under the command of the director, the children unloaded the logs from the carriages. Before long, the courtyard was all filled with timber. + + + + Page 49 + https://readchina.github.io/comics/biao/b-page-49/ + Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 + + https://readchina.github.io/comics/biao/b-page-49/ + +他来到埋表的地方,那上面高高地堆放着木材。“我的表……”他伤心地哭了起来。 He arrived at the spot where he had buried the watch. Timber was piled high on top of it. &ldquo;My watch&hellip;&rdquo; Broken-hearted, he started to cry. + + + + Page 50 + https://readchina.github.io/comics/biao/b-page-50/ + Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 + + https://readchina.github.io/comics/biao/b-page-50/ + +这天夜里,他被火车的汽笛声惊醒:“唉唉,车站该是多么有趣!掏空那些有钱人的腰包多开心……”他打定主意,今晚把表弄到手后就逃走。 At night, the sound of a train whistle woke him up. &ldquo;Oh, how much fun it would be to be at the station and empty out the pockets of all those rich people&hellip;&rdquo; He made up his mind: Tonight, he would get the watch into his hands and just run away. + + + + Page 51 + https://readchina.github.io/comics/biao/b-page-51/ + Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 + + https://readchina.github.io/comics/biao/b-page-51/ + +他打开窗户,从排水管滑下来溜到院子里,来到埋表的地方。他使劲地搬开木材,一根,两根,三根……才搬了二三十根,他就上气不接下气了。 He opened the window, glided down the drainpipe, landed in the courtyard, and went to the place where his watch was buried. With all his strength he dragged away the logs. One log, two logs, three logs... when he had dragged away only twenty or thirty logs, he was gasping for air already. + + + + Page 52 + https://readchina.github.io/comics/biao/b-page-52/ + Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 + + https://readchina.github.io/comics/biao/b-page-52/ + +当他再搬一根很重的圆木材时,一不小心滑脱了手,整个木材垛塌了下来,发出吓人的声响。随着一声嗥叫,一只大狗向他扑来。彼蒂加吓得浑身发抖,拚命地逃回宿舍里去。 Just when he was pulling one especially heavy log, it slipped out of his hands in a moment of carelessness. The entire pile of tree trunks collapsed, making a frightening noise. Following a loud growl, a huge dog jumped at Petka. Petka's entire body trembled with fear, and he ran back to the dorm for his dear life. + + + + Page 53 + https://readchina.github.io/comics/biao/b-page-53/ + Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 + + https://readchina.github.io/comics/biao/b-page-53/ + +第二天,彼蒂加得了严重的肺炎,整整昏睡了三个星期。 The next day, Petka came down with a serious pneumonia and slept for three weeks. + + + + Page 54 + https://readchina.github.io/comics/biao/b-page-54/ + Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 + + https://readchina.github.io/comics/biao/b-page-54/ + +彼蒂加终于活下来了,恢复知觉了。一天,小伙伴米罗诺夫给他送来一本画书,还告诉他,在他害病的那天,毕塔珂夫因偷木材被送到少年管教所去了。彼蒂加禁不住绯红了脸。 Petka finally started to get better and recovered his consciousness. One day, his mate Milonov brought him a picture book. He told him that Pyatakov had been sent to the youth custody centre for stealing wood on the same day that Petka had fallen ill. Petka could not help but blush. + + + + Page 55 + https://readchina.github.io/comics/biao/b-page-55/ + Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 + + https://readchina.github.io/comics/biao/b-page-55/ + +米罗诺夫走后,彼蒂加很难过,心想:毕塔珂夫虽然讨厌,毕竟是自己的小伙伴,不能让他白受冤在。他决定去找院长,说明那天晚上是他搬动了木材,但埋表的事是绝对不能讲的。 After Milonov had left, Petka felt very bad and thought to himself: &ldquo;Even though I detest Pyatakov, he is still my mate, and I can&rsquo;t let him be accused wrongly.&rdquo; He decided that he would go to the director and explain that it had been Petka himself, who had moved the logs on that very night, but he would not say a word about the watch. + + + + Page 56 + https://readchina.github.io/comics/biao/b-page-56/ + Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 + + https://readchina.github.io/comics/biao/b-page-56/ + +可是,他来到院长办公室,却又失掉了勇气。院长问他有什么事,他只说是来向院长借画书的。院长见他喜欢读书了,很高兴,就拿给他许多书。 However, when he arrived in the director&rsquo;s office, his courage left him. The director asked him what the matter was, but he only managed to say that he had come to borrow some picture books from him. When the director saw that he liked reading, he was very happy, and gave him many books. + + + + Page 57 + https://readchina.github.io/comics/biao/b-page-57/ + Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 + + https://readchina.github.io/comics/biao/b-page-57/ + +一个星期六的晚上,库兑耶尔突然带着乳酪糖球来看望彼蒂加,他恳求彼蒂加把表还给他。彼蒂加脸色一下子变白了:“我不要!请您走吧!”“什么?叫我走?你还我表!”库兑耶尔大吵大嚷起来。 One Saturday evening, Kudeyar suddenly came to pay Petka a visit, bringing toffees and begging him to return his watch. Petka&rsquo;s face instantly turned white: &ldquo;No! I ask you to leave!&rdquo; &ndash; &ldquo;What? You tell me to go? Give me back my watch!&rdquo; Kudeyar started to make a big scene. + + + + Page 58 + https://readchina.github.io/comics/biao/b-page-58/ + Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 + + https://readchina.github.io/comics/biao/b-page-58/ + +院长赶来了问:“怎么一回事?”彼蒂加说:“他是我的伯父,是从疯人院出来的。请您不要再放他进来了!”于是大家把库兑耶尔赶走了。 The director hurried over and asked: &ldquo;What&rsquo;s going on here?&rdquo; Petka said: &ldquo;He is my uncle, he ran away from the madhouse. Please don&rsquo;t let him come in again!&rdquo; So everyone chased off Kudeyar. + + + + Page 59 + https://readchina.github.io/comics/biao/b-page-59/ + Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 + + https://readchina.github.io/comics/biao/b-page-59/ + +冬天到了,下起了大雪。院长叫孩子们把院子里的木材搬进库房去。彼蒂加想到心爱的表就可以到手了,所以劲头也来了:“快点儿,加油!”他干得很卖力,像个指挥官似的组织大家传递木材。 Winter came and heavy snow fell. The director called the children to carry the timber from inside the courtyard into the storehouse. Petka thought of how he could finally get his hands on his beloved watch, so he also joined with enthusiasm: &ldquo;Move up, come on!&rdquo; He threw himself into the task at hand and ordered everyone to pass the timber just like a commander. + + + + Page 60 + https://readchina.github.io/comics/biao/b-page-60/ + Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 + + https://readchina.github.io/comics/biao/b-page-60/ + +可是库房满了,木材没有搬完,彼蒂加大失所望,因为他的心爱的表仍然拿不出来。虽然院长表扬了他,可他感到很遗憾。 But the storage room was full before all the timber had been moved in. Petka lost all his hope, because he could not get hold of his beloved watch. Although the headmaster praised him, he felt quite sorrowful. + + + + Page 61 + https://readchina.github.io/comics/biao/b-page-61/ + Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 + + https://readchina.github.io/comics/biao/b-page-61/ + +由于他劳动积极,大家一致选举他当总务组的组长。彼蒂加又高兴起来了。 Because he had worked energetically, everyone elected him unanimously as group leader for general affairs. This cheered Petka up again. + + + + Page 62 + https://readchina.github.io/comics/biao/b-page-62/ + Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 + + https://readchina.github.io/comics/biao/b-page-62/ + +大家对他非常信任,他也热心为大家办事;他用心读书,进步很快。到新年时,他升了级,跟高年级孩子一起读书了。表的事也来不及去想了。 Everybody trusted him a lot, and he took care of all of their affairs with his full heart; he studied diligently and made good progress. When the new year started, he moved up to a higher class and studied together with the senior students. He did not have time to think about the matter of the watch anymore. + + + + Page 63 + https://readchina.github.io/comics/biao/b-page-63/ + Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 + + https://readchina.github.io/comics/biao/b-page-63/ + +日子飞快地过去了。三月里,巴黎公社纪念日这一天,孩子们去烈士陵园扫墓。他们在路上遇见了一个醉汉,大家把他推来推去,还用雪球打他的脸。彼蒂加认出那个醉汉正是库兑耶尔。 The days were passing faster and faster. In March, on the Paris Commune Memorial Day, all the kids went out to sweep the tombs at the martyrs&rsquo; cemetery. On their way, they came across a drunkard. Everyone rudely pushed and pulled him back and forth and even threw snowballs at his face. Petka recognized that this drunkard was Kudeyar. + + + + Page 64 + https://readchina.github.io/comics/biao/b-page-64/ + Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 + + https://readchina.github.io/comics/biao/b-page-64/ + +库兑耶尔呻吟着、挣扎着、躲来躲去。彼蒂加忽然产生了同情心,于是跳出来,叫道:“喂,住手吧!” Kudeyar groaned, fought, and tried his best to duck away from the children. Petka suddenly felt sorry for him and so he jumped between them and shouted: &ldquo;Hey, stop it!&rdquo; + + + + Page 65 + https://readchina.github.io/comics/biao/b-page-65/ + Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 + + https://readchina.github.io/comics/biao/b-page-65/ + +库兑耶尔也认出了他,怒吼道:“你这流氓!你偷了我的表!”彼蒂加又羞又愧。 Kudeyar also recognized Petka and shouted in anger: &ldquo;You rogue! You stole my watch!&rdquo; Petka felt very ashamed. + + + + Page 66 + https://readchina.github.io/comics/biao/b-page-66/ + Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 + + https://readchina.github.io/comics/biao/b-page-66/ + +复活节快到了。经院长许可,彼蒂加和小伙伴米罗诺夫一起到集市上去玩耍。彼蒂加认识了一个叫娜塔莎的小女孩。他们彼此谈得很亲密,一直玩到很晚才分手。 Easter was near. The director allowed Petka to go out with his mate Milonov to spend some time at the market. There, Petka got to know a girl called Natasha. They started getting closer to each other and only separated when it was very late. + + + + Page 67 + https://readchina.github.io/comics/biao/b-page-67/ + Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 + + https://readchina.github.io/comics/biao/b-page-67/ + 积雪融化了。一天,彼蒂加发现院子里的木材也烧完了。他左思右想,一夜没睡好。第二天清早,他悄悄来到埋表的地方,把表挖了出来。表依然闪闪放光,但彼蒂加却觉得它黯然失色。 The masses of snow had melted away. One day, Petka noticed that all the timber in the yard had been used up. He pondered and pondered, and he could not sleep the entire night. The next day, he secretly went to the place where he hid the watch and dug it out. It was still sparkling and glittering, but Petka had the feeling that it had lost its splendour. + + + + Page 68 + https://readchina.github.io/comics/biao/b-page-68/ + Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 + + https://readchina.github.io/comics/biao/b-page-68/ + +这回彼蒂加该按照他的计划逃走了吧?可是,不!现在他不想离开这儿了。那表怎么办呢?扔掉它?怪愚蠢的,最好是还给库兑耶尔,但到哪儿去找他呢?彼蒂加揣着这只可恨的表,心里很痛苦。 Should Petka run away as he had planned? No, of course not! Now he did not want to leave this place. So, what should he do with the watch? Throw it away? That was quite stupid, the best option was to give it back to Kudeyar, but where could he find him? Petka hid this detestable watch in his clothes, his heart heavy. + + + + Page 69 + https://readchina.github.io/comics/biao/b-page-69/ + Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 + + https://readchina.github.io/comics/biao/b-page-69/ + +夏天到了,屋顶要油漆一下,院长叫彼蒂加上街去买油漆。他来到市场,想起先前的流浪生活,想到偷东西挨打的难堪情景……唉!真无聊!真糊涂! Summer had arrived, and the roof needed to be painted. The director asked Petka to go shopping for paint. When he came to the market, he thought of his previous vagrant life and the embarrassment of stealing and being beaten up&hellip; UGH! What a bore! How confusing! + + + + Page 70 + https://readchina.github.io/comics/biao/b-page-70/ + Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 + + https://readchina.github.io/comics/biao/b-page-70/ + +“捉贼!捉住他!”突然传来一阵叫喊声。转眼间,从他面前跑过一个蓬头垢面的孩子。彼蒂加立刻认出那是毕塔珂夫。他一下子抓住毕塔珂夫的肩膀。毕塔珂夫一闪身,回手照他心窝就是一拳。 &ldquo;Catch the thief! Catch him!&rdquo; Suddenly there was shouting. In the blink of an eye, an unkempt child ran past him. Petka immediately recognized that it was Pyatakov. He grabbed Pyatakov&rsquo;s shoulder at once. Pyatakov flinched, and then gave him a punch in the gut. + + + + Page 71 + https://readchina.github.io/comics/biao/b-page-71/ + Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 + + https://readchina.github.io/comics/biao/b-page-71/ + +“不要撒野!你不认识我啦!我是彼蒂加。”他们来到远离街心的僻静的地方,“原谅我吧,全是我不好……”他对毕塔珂夫讲述了那晚偷搬木材的事。 &ldquo;Don&rsquo;t be wild! Don&rsquo;t you know me? I&rsquo;m Petka!&rdquo; They came to a secluded place, away from the middle of the street, &ldquo;forgive me, it's all my fault&hellip;,&rdquo; he told Pyatakov about the matter of stealing the wood that night. + + + + Page 72 + https://readchina.github.io/comics/biao/b-page-72/ + Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 + + https://readchina.github.io/comics/biao/b-page-72/ + +毕塔珂夫大笑起来:“可那一夜我确实弄了十六根木材,卖给小贩了……”他敲了一下彼蒂加的前额,就踉踉跄跄地走了。 Pyatakov started laughing: &ldquo;But I did get 16 pieces of lumber that night, and sold that to a black-market handler&hellip;&rdquo; he hit Petka on the forehead and staggered away. + + + + Page 73 + https://readchina.github.io/comics/biao/b-page-73/ + Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 + + https://readchina.github.io/comics/biao/b-page-73/ + +突然,毕塔珂夫又转身回来打了彼蒂加一记耳光:“把表给我!听见没有?你当我不知道?我跟库兑耶尔同住了半年监牢,他都对我讲了……现在他还关在监狱里。”彼蒂加真想快点儿把表交给毕塔珂夫。 Suddenly, Pyatakov turned around and slapped Petka into the face: &ldquo;Give me the watch! Did you hear that? You think I don&rsquo;t know? I spent half a year in jail with Kudeyar, and he told me everything&hellip; he is still locked up in jail.&rdquo; Petka really wanted to give the watch to Pyatakov quickly. + + + + Page 74 + https://readchina.github.io/comics/biao/b-page-74/ + Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 + + https://readchina.github.io/comics/biao/b-page-74/ + +这时,警察和一群人赶来了。毕塔珂夫被捕了。 At this time, the police and a group of people arrived. Pyatakov was arrested. + + + + Page 75 + https://readchina.github.io/comics/biao/b-page-75/ + Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 + + https://readchina.github.io/comics/biao/b-page-75/ + +彼蒂加穿过市场,闷闷不乐地向颜料店走去。他狠狠地捏住口袋里的表:我要这包袱干什么?这个倒霉的玩艺儿!他转过街角,忽然看见一个卖表链的小女孩,原来是娜塔莎。 Petka crossed the market and walked to the paint shop gloomily. He squeezed the watch in his pocket fiercely: What do I want this burden for? This hapless game! As he turned around the corner of the street, he suddenly saw a girl selling a watch chain. The girl turned out to be Natasha. + + + + Page 76 + https://readchina.github.io/comics/biao/b-page-76/ + Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 + + https://readchina.github.io/comics/biao/b-page-76/ + +他分明认得,那表链正是库兑耶尔的。他问娜塔莎表链是从哪儿来的。她说:“这是我爸爸的。他从监狱捎来一封信,叫我卖……我没办法生活……” He clearly recognized that the watch chain belonged to Kudeyar. He asked Natasha where the watch chain came from. She said: &ldquo;This is my father's. He sent a letter from prison asking me to sell it… I can&rsquo;t live like this…&rdquo; + + + + Page 77 + https://readchina.github.io/comics/biao/b-page-77/ + Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 + + https://readchina.github.io/comics/biao/b-page-77/ + +彼蒂加觉得脑袋在胀大,脚下的地面在摇动,他几乎要跌倒了。他把表链接过来,久久地端详着…… Petka felt his head swell and the ground under his feet shaking, and he almost fell. He took the watch chain and looked at it for a long time… + + + + Page 78 + https://readchina.github.io/comics/biao/b-page-78/ + Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 + + https://readchina.github.io/comics/biao/b-page-78/ + +他从衣袋里掏出那只表,用发抖的手把它挂在表链上,递给娜塔莎说:“给你!”然后,飞快地跑走,消失在喧闹的人群中了。 He took the watch out of his pocket, attached it to the watch chain with trembling hands and handed it to Natasha: &ldquo;Here, for you!&rdquo; Then he ran away quickly and disappeared into the noisy crowd. + + + + diff --git a/public/book.min.f7507ad58be4ca3fd818eb567b72fec8e25aeb8c7ce74e6f2bf979bd781ae121.css b/public/book.min.f7507ad58be4ca3fd818eb567b72fec8e25aeb8c7ce74e6f2bf979bd781ae121.css new file mode 100644 index 0000000..d0861a2 --- /dev/null +++ b/public/book.min.f7507ad58be4ca3fd818eb567b72fec8e25aeb8c7ce74e6f2bf979bd781ae121.css @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +@charset 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Our aim in this translation was to remain as faithful as possible to the Chinese original while at the same time conveying a tone of narration in line with a comic book addressed to young readers based on a \u0026ldquo;classical\u0026rdquo; piece of children\u0026rsquo;s literature. As the story takes place in early 20th century Russia, the given names of the characters are given in Russian. To allow for an undisturbed reading experience, we decided against the use of footnotes, though two items may call for explanation:\nPage 63 refers to the Paris Commune Memorial Day. The Paris Commune was an attempt of establishing a revolutionary government in Paris after the Franco-Prussian War in 1871. It ended 72 days after its establishment in bloodshed carried out by the troops of the Third French Republic. Throughout the 20th century, it has been glorified as a model for socialist revolutions.\nAs is common in Chinese literary practice, page 12 contains a Chinese idiom that refers to the premodern Chinese literary tradition: \u0026ldquo;The wise man was right about gaining profit by misfortune\u0026rdquo; (聪明人说得对,因祸得福。) This idiom (which is not present in Lu Xun\u0026rsquo;s translation of the story) expresses how bad luck eventually turns into something fortunate. Alternatively, the idiom is often translated as \u0026ldquo;a fault on the right side\u0026rdquo; or \u0026ldquo;a blessing in disguise\u0026rdquo;. It can be traced back to a passage in the \u0026ldquo;Guan Yan biographies\u0026rdquo; (Guan yan liezhuan, 管晏列传) in the Records of the Grand Historian (Shiji 史记), written by the historian Sima Qian (司马迁, c. 145 \u0026ndash; c. 86 BC).\n"},{"id":6,"href":"/comics/zhufu/a-translation-notes/","title":"About the translation","section":"The New Year's Sacrifice 祝福 (1974)","content":"In preparing this translation, our aim was to produce a text that would do justice to the legacy of Lu Xun, but more so, to the language and contents of the PRC adaptation of the story. In his essay accompanying his retranslation of the original short story into German, Hans Peter Hoffmann (2015) makes a convincing argument for the use of slightly outdated terms as markers for what Lu Xun wanted to emphasize as backward in his times. As we translated from an adaptation of Lu Xun\u0026rsquo;s story in rather blunt PRC language, we measure our translation against that language. We thus aimed at staying close both to the literal meaning of the text and to its spirit \u0026ndash; bearing in mind that this is, likely, a story targeting not only adults, but also children; we also aimed at a translation that would not make the text longer than in the original, thus subverting the simplicity, elegance and brevity of lianhuanhua language. While many names in the Chinese language are \u0026lsquo;speaking names\u0026rsquo; and thus reveal information about the person or place they relate to, we opted for the more neutral terms derived at by transliterating and not translating the names in order not to unduly exoticize the translation. We also decided against adding explanations for terms into the text. But as the names of the protagonists and places may be confusing for readers unfamiliar with Chinese naming conventions, the following may be helpful.1\nXianglin\u0026rsquo;s wife 祥林嫂: The protagonist of the story does not have a name of her own; much as she does not have any choice in her life, she is given a name and identity reducing her to being the wife of her first deceased husband which also seals the rest of her fate.\nLuzhen 鲁镇: The name of the town \u0026ndash; Luzhen \u0026ndash; signals that it is a small town. The character for \u0026ldquo;Lu\u0026rdquo; in Luzhen is the same character as in Mr. Lu, the name of the uncle who the nameless narrator of the story has to stay with and whom he dislikes for his backwardness. This suggests that the Lu-Family is (and has been for generations) a central authority in town. It likely is not a coincidence that \u0026ldquo;Lu\u0026rdquo; both in \u0026ldquo;Luzhen\u0026rdquo; and in Mr. Lu is the same as in the penname the author of this story chose for himself: Lu Xun. While this by no means is an argument to declare that the first-person narrator represents or is Lu Xun himself, it is a signal of the text to play with autobiographical suggestions and hints.\nMr. and Mrs. Lu: Throughout the lianhuanhua, different variations are used for these two persons. For reasons of clarity, we are using Mr. and Mrs. Lu throughout. One recurring name is Lu Si Laoye 鲁四老爷 which might be translated as Old Master Lu Si or as Fourth Master Lu, thus emphasizing the reverence that townspeople would approach him with. There are also different terms used to address his wife. However, as her social status and all her comportment are defined by her being the wife of Mr. Lu, she is referred to as Mrs. Lu throughout the translation.\nAuntie Liu 柳妈: Her name would have been literally translated as Mother Liu. We settled on Auntie Liu wishing to emphasize that she is a \u0026ndash; likely unmarried \u0026ndash; poor woman in town helping out with the Lu family. Auntie here does not signal a kinship relationship, but is more used as a form of address.\nOld Wei: Likewise, the matchmaker is a \u0026ndash; likely unmarried \u0026ndash; woman in town.\nHejia Village 贺家墺 (Hejia\u0026rsquo;ao) and He Laoliu 贺老六: Similar to the Lu family and Luzhen, there is a relationship between Hejia Village and Xianglin\u0026rsquo;s wife\u0026rsquo;s second husband: The name of the village could literally be translated as He-Family-Village suggesting that it is predominantly inhabited by the He clan. He Laoliu\u0026rsquo;s name literally means He Old-Six, likely indicating him to be the sixth son, or, more likely the sixth male offspring in his generation thus taking into the account also his male cousins.\n\u0026ldquo;The New Year\u0026rsquo;s Sacrifice\u0026rdquo; 祝福: The title of the story is conventionally translated as \u0026ldquo;The New Year\u0026rsquo;s Sacrifice\u0026rdquo; or \u0026ldquo;New Year\u0026rsquo;s Sacrifice\u0026rdquo;. In the aforementioned essay, Hans Peter Hoffmann makes a convincing argument to translate the title as \u0026ldquo;The Blessing\u0026rdquo; (German: \u0026ldquo;Der Neujahrssegen\u0026rdquo;), as this captures much more succinctly the contrast between the blessing that the well-to-do families receive and the misery that Xianglin\u0026rsquo;s wife experiences (2015: 47-52). \u0026ldquo;The New Year\u0026rsquo;s Sacrifice\u0026rdquo; sets the focus on Xianglin\u0026rsquo;s wife and her being a victim of \u0026lsquo;old feudal society\u0026rsquo; which literally sacrifices her life in order to hold on to customs that place dead ancestors above those living and suffering today. The more literal translation \u0026ldquo;The Blessing\u0026rdquo;, Hoffmann points out, is both closer to the actual meaning of the word and refocuses and complicates the narrative. It emphasizes that through the ritual those who perform it receive a blessing, or benediction. In that way, it emphasizes old customs prevalent in the town. As a consequence, the individuals in Luzhen, including the nameless narrator, attain more agency and personal responsibility for what is taking place. As this particular adaptation of the story emphasizes \u0026ndash; as do the translations of the story which are entitled \u0026ldquo;The New Year\u0026rsquo;s Sacrifice\u0026rdquo; \u0026ndash; the sacrificing of Xianglin\u0026rsquo;s wife, we have decided to opt for this translation as well.\nThis translation was produced in a joint translation project by students at the Institute of Chinese Studies, University of Freiburg, supervised by Lena Henningsen. We acknowledge the support of the ERC-funded project \u0026ldquo;The Politics of Reading in the People\u0026rsquo;s Republic of China\u0026rdquo; (READCHINA, Grant agreement No. 757365/SH5: 2018-2023). Special thanks go to Eve Y. Lin for her critical reading of the translation and to Matthias Arnold and Hanno Lecher from the Centre for Asian and Transcultural Studies (CATS), Heidelberg University, for providing us with high resolution scans of the comics which are part of the Seifert collection\nWe have taken much effort to contact the publisher of this comic in order to acquire permission by the copyright holder to publish the pages online. We regret that we have not received responses to our inquiries. If you believe that copyrights are not being respected, please send an email message to: readchina\u0026quot;at\u0026quot;mail.sinologie.uni-freiburg.de. We will respond as soon as possible and will work with you to either accredit the material correctly or remove it entirely.\u0026#160;\u0026#x21a9;\u0026#xfe0e;\n"},{"id":7,"href":"/comics/biao/b-cover/","title":"Front and back cover","section":"The Watch 表 (1980)","content":"\n"},{"id":8,"href":"/comics/niqiu/b-cover/","title":"Front and back cover","section":"Niqiu Protects the Watermelons 泥鳅看瓜 (1974)","content":"\n"},{"id":9,"href":"/comics/zhufu/b-cover/","title":"Front and back cover","section":"The New Year's Sacrifice 祝福 (1974)","content":"\n"},{"id":10,"href":"/comics/biao/b-front/","title":"Frontmatter","section":"The Watch 表 (1980)","content":"\n"},{"id":11,"href":"/comics/niqiu/b-front/","title":"Frontmatter","section":"Niqiu Protects the Watermelons 泥鳅看瓜 (1974)","content":"\n"},{"id":12,"href":"/comics/zhufu/b-front-i/","title":"Frontmatter 01","section":"The New Year's Sacrifice 祝福 (1974)","content":"\nPreface to the 1957 edition # (not shown above)\n内容说明 # 祥林嫂年轻的时候死了丈夫,便到鲁四老爷家帮工。后来她婆婆又强迫她嫁人。不久她的第二个丈夫病死了,她的儿子被狼吃掉了,她被生活所逼,只好又回到鲁四老爷家里。鲁四老爷厌恶她死过两个丈夫,说她不干净,败坏风俗。她怪自己的命不好,听了柳妈的话,到土地庙里捐一条门槛,当撖替身赎罪,可是人家还一样鄙视她。她更加衰老了,精神更迟钝了,终于她被赶出了鲁家,变成乞丐死了。 Explanation of the contents # After Xianglin\u0026rsquo;s wife lost her husband early in life, she comes to the Lu household as a servant. Later on, her mother-in-law forces her to remarry. Soon after, her second husband dies of illness, and her son is eaten by a wolf. She has no choice but to return to the Lu household. Mr. Lu loathes that she lost two husbands. He declares that she is tainted and would exert a bad moral influence. She also blames her own bad fate. After listening to Auntie Liu advice, she donates a threshold to the Temple of the Village God to atone for her sins, but people continue to despise her. She ages (prematurely) and becomes slow-witted. In the end, she is thrown out by the Lu family, turns into a beggar, and dies. "},{"id":13,"href":"/comics/zhufu/b-front-ii/","title":"Frontmatter 02","section":"The New Year's Sacrifice 祝福 (1974)","content":"\n前言 # 《祝福》描写了一个淳朴的劳动妇女祥林嫂。丈夫死后,她为了逃避被出卖的命运,便来到鲁镇,在地主鲁四家里做工。但不久仍被婆家绑回去,逼嫁到山村里。\u0026ldquo;她一路只是嚎,骂\u0026rdquo;,后来还\u0026quot;一头撞在香案角上\u0026quot;,不惜以自己的生命来反抗旧社会、旧礼教的压迫。当她再一次在鲁四家里出现,那是第二个丈夫病死,儿子被狼叼走之后。因她再嫁再寡,鲁四把她看成不祥之物,暗暗告诫家人不许她沾手祭品。镇上的人由于受到封建礼教的毒害,也跟着嘲笑她。柳妈又以\u0026quot;阴间\u0026quot;的锯刑来恐吓她,要她到土地庙捐一条门槛,当作赎罪的替身,给千人踏,万人跨。她为了自己的生存,不断挣扎,捐了门槛;但仍然无效,主人还是不许她摆设祭品。她从此精神失常,象一个木偶人。不久被鲁四赶走,成为乞丐。最后怀着对\u0026quot;阴间\u0026quot;的恐怖和疑惑,在年终\u0026quot;祝福\u0026quot;时,死在街头上。 Preface # \u0026ldquo;The New Year\u0026rsquo;s Sacrifice\u0026rdquo; describes the simple female worker Xianglin\u0026rsquo;s wife. After the death of her husband, she comes to Luzhen to work in the household of Landlord Lu to escape the fate of being sold off. But before long, she is kidnapped by the family of her mother-in-law and forced to remarry into a mountain village. \u0026ldquo;She howled and cursed the whole way\u0026rdquo;, and later also \u0026ldquo;bumped her head against the corner of the incense burner table\u0026rdquo;, to resist to the oppression of old society and old Confucian ethics with her own life. She appears for a second time at the Lu household after her second husband died of illness and her son was carried away by a wolf. Because she remarried and became a widow again, Mr. Lu considers her an inauspicious object and secretly tells his family members not to let her lend a hand in preparing the sacrifices. Poisoned by feudal Confucian ethics, the other people in town follow suit to sneer at her. Auntie Liu further threatens her with the torture of dismemberment in the \u0026ldquo;nether world\u0026rdquo;, and tells her to donate a threshold to the Temple of the Village God to be stepped on and passed over by 10.000 people as her replacement, in order to atone for her sins. She ceaselessly struggles for her survival and manages to donate a threshold. But it is of no use, the landlord still would not let her set out the sacrificial offerings. From then on, she is mentally deranged, as dumb as a puppet. Before long, she is thrown out by Mr. Lu and becomes a beggar. In the end, harboring terror and uncertainties about the \u0026ldquo;nether world\u0026rdquo; in her mind, she dies on the street at the time of the \u0026ldquo;New Year\u0026rsquo;s Sacrifice\u0026rdquo;. "},{"id":14,"href":"/comics/zhufu/b-front-iii/","title":"Frontmatter 03","section":"The New Year's Sacrifice 祝福 (1974)","content":"\n祥林嫂的一生是受压迫受欺辱的一生,是不断挣扎和反抗的一生,但以孔孟之道为反动理论基础的封建社会的四大绳索\u0026mdash;\u0026mdash;政权、族权、神权和夫权却紧紧地束缚她。她不仅在物质上、肉体上受尽压榨和摧残,而且在精神上也受尽种种鄙视和嘲笑;不仅生前哀哀无告,还须怀着恐怖走向死亡\u0026mdash;\u0026mdash;对于她,不是意味着悲惨生活的结束,而是成了另一种最大的恐怖的开始,这就深刻揭露了封建礼教和迷信勾结一起残酷压迫劳动人民的本质。祥林嫂的形象,是鲁迅深刻地概括了封建社会千百万被压迫人民的遭遇而写成的一个悲惨的典型人物,它有力地控诉了孔老二反动礼教的思想实质和封建主义制度的野蛮性和残酷性。杀人不见而血的刽子手鲁四,就是孔老二的徒子徒孙。鲁迅先生写这篇作品,就是为了号召人民向这些吃人的势力进行斗争。\n在当前批林批孔的斗争中,《祝福》对于识破孔孟之道的反动本质有着一定的意义,困此我们编绘这本连环画出版。\nThe life of Xianglin\u0026rsquo;s wife was a life filled with oppression and humiliation, a life of constant struggle and resistance. But the four major feudal bonds \u0026ndash; political authority, kinship authority, theocratic authority and patriarchic authority \u0026ndash; bound her tightly to the Confucian and Menzian doctrines, which serve as the basis of the reactionary feudal society. She not only suffered severely from material and physical oppression and destruction, but also suffered psychologically from all sorts of contempt and mockery. Not only did she suffer unspeakable grief during her lifetime, moreover, but she faced death with horror as well - for her, death did not mean the end of a tragic life, but the beginning of even greater terror of a different kind. This profoundly uncovers the collusive nature of feudal Confucian ethics and superstition in mercilessly suppressing the working people. The figure of Xianglin\u0026rsquo;s wife is an epitome of the billions of people oppressed by feudal society. It is also a typical tragic character created by Lu Xun that powerfully denounces the reactionary essence of the Confucian ethical ideology, as well as the cruel and barbaric nature of the feudal system. Mr. Lu, the executioner who kills without the shedding of blood is a disciple of Confucius. Lu Xun wrote this work in order to call on the people to struggle against these cannibalistic forces.\nIn the current struggle to criticize Lin Biao and Confucius, \u0026ldquo;The New Year\u0026rsquo;s Sacrifice\u0026rdquo; is of considerable significance in revealing the reactionary nature of the Confucian and Menzian doctrines, therefore we compile and publish this lianhuanhua.\nFurther remark in the reprint: # (not shown)\n本书由我社1957年首次出版,1963年修订再版,现根据读者需求,纳入\u0026quot;现代故事画库\u0026quot;系列重新出版。 This book was first published by our publishing house in 1957, revised and republished in 1963. As requested by our readers, we have now included it into our \u0026ldquo;Image Repository of Modern Stories\u0026rdquo; series for a new edition. "},{"id":15,"href":"/comics/luxun/","title":"Geschichten über Lu Xun und Junge Leute - Lu Xun und die chinesische Holzschnitt Bewegung 鲁迅和青年的故事","section":"READCHINA: lianhuanhua","content":" Geschichten über Lu Xun und Junge Leute - Lu Xun und die chinesische Holzschnitt Bewegung 鲁迅和青年的故事 # Einleitung zu den Comics und Erläuterung der Übersetzung: Lena Henningsen\nGegen Ende seines Lebens bemühte sich der chinesische Schriftsteller Lu Xun 鲁迅 (1881-1936) um die Holzschnitt-Bewegung in China. Er sah das große ästhetische und politische Potenzial in dieser Kunstform: Mit ihrer Ausdrucksstärke konnte sie den Betrachter direkt ansprechen, aufgrund ihrer Reproduzierbarkeit war sie geeignet, einer breiteren Zuschauerschaft ästhetisches Erleben zu ermöglichen und diese gar zu mobilisieren. Lu Xun sammelte Holzschnitte von europäischen Künstlern wie Frans Masereel oder Käthe Kollwitz, deren Werk „Die Mutter\u0026quot; in der Ausstellung in „Die Geschichte eines Holzschnitts\u0026quot; (Fan 1976) im Hintergrund des zweiten Panels zu sehen ist, wenn auch überproportional groß. Lu Xun ließ diese Werke reproduzieren, ausstellen und in Zeitschriften veröffentlichen, und er organisierte einen Workshop für junge Künstler: ein japanischer Künstler \u0026ndash; der Bruder von Lu Xuns Freund, dem Buchhändler Uchiyama Kanzō \u0026ndash; unterrichtete junge chinesische Künstler, Lu Xun übersetzte.\nVon Lu Xuns Bemühen um einen modernen, politischen Holzschnitt handeln zwei der drei hier vorgestellten chinesischen Comics, der erste spielt vor dem Hintergrund von Lu Xuns Übersetzertätigkeit sowie im Buchladen des besagten Freunds. Damit zeigen die Comics tatsächliche Episoden aus dem Leben des berühmten Schriftstellers. Der Realitätsbezug wird auch dadurch verstärkt, dass konkrete Szenerien \u0026ndash; der Buchladen oder der Ausstellungsraum \u0026ndash; detailgetreu und realitätsnah dargestellt werden, wie ein Vergleich mit Fotographien aus der Zeit bezeugt. Auch finden sich Zitate von realen Bildern in den Comics, neben dem erwähnten Kollwitz-Bild lässt sich auch das Porträt von Lu Xun in „Geschichte eines Holzschnitts\u0026quot; auf das Original von Cao Bai zurückverfolgen. Die Comics lassen sich einbetten in Diskurse um Lu Xuns Bemühen um diese Kunstform, um eine Verbreitung von Comics als Mittel zur Modernisierung des Landes, sowie um das intellektuelle und literarische Vermächtnis des Schriftstellers (Tang 2007, Davies 2013, Fogel 2019, Graf 2023, Baker, Ginsberg 2020, Goldman 1982, Holm 1985, Lee 1985, Liu 2019, Gu 2019).\nDie lianhuanhua schildern also drei Episoden gegen Ende des Lebens von Lu Xun. Sie tun dies aus der Perspektive des Sommers 1976, in dem die hier übersetzten Comics in einem kleinen Sammelband mit dem Titel Geschichten über Lu Xun und Junge Leute (鲁迅和青年的故事, Shi 1976) veröffentlicht wurden, also gegen Ende der Kulturrevolution. Damit steht der Band auch an einer Umbruchsstelle in der Entwicklung chinesischer Comics: Im Bewusstsein um die Effizienz von Comics in der Vermittlung von Wissen und Ideologie, förderte die Kommunistische Partei (KP) lianhuanhua massiv. Lianhuanhua zählen zu den wissenschaftlich noch wenig untersuchten, aber gesellschaftlich besonders weit verbreiteten Medien im China der Mao-Zeit sowie der frühen Post-Mao Ära. Während in der Kulturrevolution weiterhin lianhuanhua produziert wurden, erlitten aber gleichzeitig zahlreiche Comic-Künstler politische Verfolgung und konnten nicht zeichnen oder publizieren. In ihrer künstlerischen Vielfalt, aber auch in ihrer Themenwahl können die hier vorliegenden Geschichten damit auf vielerlei Weise gelesen werden: als Huldigung des vielleicht wichtigsten chinesischen. Schriftstellers des 20. Jahrhunderts; als eine Auseinandersetzung mit dem Verhältnis zwischen den Generationen; als eine Auseinandersetzung mit den Aufgaben und Rollen von Schriftstellern und Künstlern; als eine Auseinandersetzung mit dem Verhältnis zwischen Politik und Kunst; und als eine Auseinandersetzung mit dem Medium Comic, genauer: lianhuanhua, und der Rolle des Holzschnitts.\nEine Reihe von Topoi, Details und sprachlichen Wendungen im Text verorten die Comics dabei klar in den späten 1970ern:\nIn der Summe stellen alle Geschichten aus Geschichten über Lu Xun und Junge Leute \u0026ndash; auch die hier nicht vorliegenden \u0026ndash; Lu Xun als einen fürsorglichen Mentor für junge Leute dar, seien diese Künstler, Studierende, oder \u0026ndash; wie in „Die Geschichte eines Buchkaufs\u0026quot; (Hu 1976) \u0026ndash; einfache Arbeiter. Dieser Fokus steht im Einklang mit anderen Beschreibungen von Lu Xun, verdient aber im Jahr 1976 besondere Aufmerksamkeit: Die Geschichten wurden im August 1976 veröffentlicht, unmittelbar vor dem Ende der Kulturrevolution, in der Mao Zedong die Jugend des Landes angeleitet hatte, sich gegen Autoritäten und die ältere Generation (Eltern, Lehrer\u0026hellip;) zu wenden. Später hatte Mao dieselben Jugendlichen dann im Rahmen der Landverschickungskampagne aufs Land geschickt, wo sie zum Teil selber vielfach Leid erlebten. Die Geschichten lassen eine Neudefinition im Umgang von Jung und Alt erkennen, sie stellen Lu Xun als Mentor der Jugend dar. Der Umgang miteinander ist geprägt von wechselseitigem Wohlwollen, Respekt und Sorge.\n„Die Geschichte eines Holzschnitts\u0026quot; behandelt nicht nur das repressive politische Klima im China der 1930er Jahre und Lu Xuns Rolle für die Entwicklung dieser Kunstform in China. Sie kann auch gelesen werden als eine Metapher für die Unterdrückung von Künstlern durch die KP während der Kulturrevolution. Dem Comic liegen die reale Geschichte von Cao Bai zugrunde, das von ihm gestaltete Porträt von Lu Xun, sowie Lu Xuns Aufsatz „In Tiefer Nacht Geschrieben\u0026quot; (1936, für eine Übersetzung, siehe: Lu Xun 2017: 288-292). Der Leser mag sich aber auch fragen, ob die Autoren des Comics mit der Geschichte nicht auch über die harsche, gewalttätige und ungerechte Verfolgung nachdachten, der viele Künstler während der Kulturrevolution ausgesetzt gewesen waren.\nGleichzeitig spiegeln die Geschichten durchaus einen Lu Xun wieder, wie er in den vorausgegangenen Jahrzehnten von der Propaganda der KP dargestellt wurde, als einen Kämpfer für die Sache des Kommunismus, ein Kämpfer, der den Stift als Waffe in den Kampf führte, und der ohne zu schwanken an der Seite der KP stand \u0026ndash; ungeachtet Lu Xuns deutlich ambivalenterer Haltung gegenüber der Doktrin der KP im echten Leben. Neben der kulturrevolutionär geprägten Sprache (etwa wenn die Gegner auf der Seite der Guomindang als „Reaktionäre\u0026quot; bezeichnet werden), verweisen auch die intertextuellen Bezüge auf die offizielle Doktrin: In „Die Geschichte eines Buchkaufs\u0026quot; etwa verschenkt Lu Xun zwei Bücher, das von ihm übersetzte Werk Die Neunzehn von Alexander Fadeyev, sowie Der Eiserne Strom von Serafimovich. Beide Titel sind Übersetzungen aus dem Russischen und zählen zum Kanon des sozialistischen Realismus, der auch in China weit propagiert wurde. Die Neunzehn finden sogar Erwähnung in Mao Zedongs Yan\u0026rsquo;aner (Reden aus dem Jahr 1942 (Denton 2016, Mao, McDougall 1980), in der er die bis heute gültige Doktrin für Literatur und Kunst festschrieb: Literatur und Kunst existieren nicht um ihrer selbst willen, sondern haben der Politik zu dienen, sprich: der Politik der KP. Als positives Beispiel verweist Mao auf Fadeyev \u0026ndash; sowie wiederholt auf Lu Xun. Die herausragende Position von Lu Xun wird auch dadurch betont, dass Mao seine Rede mit einem Zweizeiler von Lu Xun beschließt, mit dem er die Unterordnung des Künstlers unter das Volk illustriert:\nMit grimmigem Blick biete ich tausend auf mich gerichteten Fingern die Stirn,\nmit gesenktem Kopf diene ich den Menschen.\nDiese politische Interpretation des Gedichts entspricht nicht unbedingt der dichterischen Intention (Davies 2020); aufgrund der vielfachen Wiederveröffentlichung der Yananer Reden aber sind die Gedichtzeilen weit über ihren Ursprungskontext bekannt und werden vielfach zitiert \u0026ndash; sowohl im Tagebuch von Lei Feng (Henningsen 2022), als auch auf der letzten Seite der hier übersetzten Geschichte „Der Letzte Besuch\u0026quot; (Sheng 1976): Die jungen Künstler sehen Lu Xun hinterher, der im Nieselregen verschwindet. Sie haben einen von der Krankheit gezeichneten Lu Xun erlebt \u0026ndash; der aber noch immer Energie ausstrahlte, der weiterhin seine ganze (verbleibende) Kraft in den Dienst der guten Sache, des Kampfes stellen will. Und sie scheinen zu ahnen, dass dies ein Abschied für immer ist, schließlich stirbt Lu Xun nur wenige Tage nach seinem Ausstellungsbesuch. So passend das zitierte Gedicht in der Situation scheint: Angesichts der weiten postumen Verbreitung der Zeilen durch die Yananer Reden sind sie ebenso ein Zitat von Lu Xun, das den jungen Leuten in ihre Gedanken gelegt wird, wie auch ein Zitat von Mao Zedong, der wiederum nur wenige Wochen nach der Veröffentlichung dieses Comics sterben würde. So sehr die Comics die Unterdrückung durch den politischen Gegner anprangern (eine Unterdrückung, die auch gelesen werden kann als eine Spiegelung der Unterdrückung, der viele Künstler während der Kulturrevolution ausgesetzt waren!), so bekräftigen die Geschichten mit diesem Zitat am Ende doch das Supremat der KP über künstlerisches Schaffen in der Volksrepublik China des Jahres 1976.\nEine Anmerkung zur Übersetzung: die Texte verwenden die Partikel 得, 地 und 的 nicht entsprechend des heutigen Standardgebrauchs, aber durchaus entsprechend der Gepflogenheiten der späten 1970er. Das Gleiche gilt für das Schriftzeichen anstelle 象 von 像. Wir haben diese Stellen entsprechend in der Transkription markiert, aber nicht korrigiert.\nDie vorliegenden Übersetzungen wurden unter der Leitung von Dominik Weihrauch von Studierenden der Freien Universität Berlin im Rahmen des Masterkurses „Fortgeschrittenes Chinesisch 2\u0026quot; erstellt: Großer Dank an Johannes Nentwig (hauptverantwortlich für „Die Geschichte eines Holzschnitts\u0026quot;), Carolina Franke, Carla Nikolaus.\nZitierte Literatur: # Baker, David, Mary Ginsberg 2020 [eds.]: Lu Xun\u0026rsquo;s Legacy: Printmaking in Modern China: An Exhibition of Prints from the Muban Educational Trust, London: Muban Educational Trust.\nDavies, Gloria 2013: Lu Xun\u0026rsquo;s Revolution: Writing in a Time of Violence, Cambridge, Harvard University Press.\nDavies, Gloria 2020: \u0026ldquo;Lu Xun in 1960: On Valuing a Maoist Icon\u0026rdquo;, in: Critical Inquiry, 46, 515-535.\nDenton, Kirk, A. 2016: \u0026ldquo;Literature and Politics: Mao Zedong\u0026rsquo;s \u0026lsquo;Yan\u0026rsquo;an Talks\u0026rsquo; and Party Rectification\u0026rdquo;, in: Kirk A. Denton [ed.]: The Columbia Companion to Modern Chinese Literature, New York: Columbia University Press, 224-230.\nGoldman, Merle 1982: \u0026ldquo;The Political Use of Lu Xun\u0026rdquo;, in: The China Quarterly, 91, 446-461.\nGraf, Emily M. 2023: Lu Xun on Display: Memory, Space and Media in the Making of World Literary Heritage or The Materiality of World Literary Heritage: Memory, Space and Media in the Making of Lu Xun, Heidelberg: University of Heidelberg.\nFan Yixin 范一辛 (Illustration), Shi Zhongpei 史中培 (Adaptation) 1976: \u0026ldquo;Die Geschichte eines Holzschnitts\u0026rdquo; 一幅木刻的故事, in: Shi Zhongpei 史中培: Geschichten über Lu Xun und Junge Leute 鲁迅和青年的故事, Shanghai: Shanghai renmin chubanshe, 1-19.\nFogel, Joshua A. 2019: A Friend in Deed: Lu Xun, Uchiyama Kanzo, and the Intellectual World of Shanghai on the Eve of War, Ann Arbor: Asia Shorts.\nHenningsen, Lena 2022: \u0026ldquo;Chairman Mao\u0026rsquo;s Good Reader: Mise en abyme in The Diary of Lei Feng\u0026rdquo;, in: ReadChina Interventions, Oct. 1, 2022, No. 3, https://readchina.github.io/interventions/LeiFeng.html, last access 2022-11-01.\nHolm, David 1985: \u0026ldquo;Lu Xun in the Period of 1936-1949: The Making of a Chinese Gorki\u0026rdquo;, in: Lee, Leo Ou-fan [ed.]: Lu Xun and his Legacy, Los Angeles: University of California Press, 153-179.\nHu Keli 胡克礼 (Illustration), Shi Zhongpei 史中培 (Adaptation) 1976: \u0026ldquo;Die Geschichte eins Buchkaufs\u0026rdquo; 买书的故事, in: Shi Zhongpei 史中培: Geschichten über Lu Xun und Junge Leute 鲁迅和青年的故事, Shanghai: Shanghai renmin chubanshe, 1-13.\nGu, Ming Dong 2019: \u0026ldquo;Lu Xun\u0026rsquo;s Writings: Modernizing Chinese language and consciousness\u0026rdquo;, in: Gu, Ming Dong [ed.]: Routledge Handbook of Modern Chinese Literature, Oxon: Routledge, 23-35.\nLee, Leo Ou-fan [ed.] 1985: Lu Xun and his Legacy, Los Angeles: University of California Press.\nLiu, Yiwen 2019: \u0026ldquo;Witnessing Death: The Circulation of Lu Xun\u0026rsquo;s Postmortem Image\u0026rdquo;, in: Circulation, 9/2, http://hdl.handle.net/2027/spo.7977573.0009.204, last access 2022-06-10.\nLu Xun 2017: Jottings under Lamplight (edited. by Eileen J. Cheng and Kirk A. Denton), Cambridge: Harvard University Press.\nMao Zedong, edited by Bonnie McDougall 1980: Talks at the Yan'an Conference on Literature and Art, University of Michigan.\nSheng Zengxiang 盛增祥 (Illustration), Shi Zhongpei 史中培 (Adaptation) 1976: \u0026ldquo;Der Letzte Besuch\u0026rdquo; 最后一次巡礼, in: Shi Zhongpei 史中培: Geschichten über Lu Xun und Junge Leute 鲁迅和青年的故事, Shanghai: Shanghai renmin chubanshe, 1-10.\nShi Zhongpei 史中培1976: Geschichten über Lu Xun und Junge Leute 鲁迅和青年的故事, Shanghai: Shanghai renmin chubanshe.\nTang, Xiaobing 2007: Origins of the Chinese Avant-Garde: The Modern Woodcut Movement, Berkeley: University of California Press.\n"},{"id":16,"href":"/comics/niqiu/","title":"Niqiu Protects the Watermelons 泥鳅看瓜 (1974)","section":"READCHINA: lianhuanhua","content":" Niqiu Protects the Watermelons 泥鳅看瓜 (1974) # Niqiu Protects the Watermelons 泥鳅看瓜, illustrated by Zhong Shan 钟山, translated by Laura Aymar, Bettina Jin, Piet Kortenjan, Lena Henningsen, Sascha Sacknieß, Sophia Schöller, Joschua Seiler, Miriam Stadler, Yixiong Wang and Jenny Wiggermann, Tianjian: Tianjin renmin meishu chubanshe, 1974. (No author or editor named).1\nIntroduction to the Text # Lena Henningsen\nThe first two pages set the scene for this story which takes place during the Second World War in China \u0026ndash; or, rather, during the War of Resistance against Japan, as the Second World War (1937-1945) is commonly termed in China. The story takes place in Zhangjia Village which could also be translated as Zhang Family Village in Hebei Province. Despite the clear location, Zhangjia Village could be anywhere where fighting took place among the communist forces of the People\u0026rsquo;s Liberation Army and the Japanese invaders. These fights, the reader of this comic book learns soon, directly impacted the villagers as they fought on different sides. The village has been liberated and is now headed by cadres of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP), who continue the fight against the threats posed by the invaders. The kids in the village are organized in a Children\u0026rsquo;s Corps, and Uncle Zhang is described as a family member of a member of the communist forces on page 2 (抗属, translated here as \u0026ldquo;military dependent\u0026rdquo;), rendering him a respected member of the community. On the enemy\u0026rsquo;s side, there are the Japanese soldiers, and, more despicable in the eyes of the local villagers, there are puppet soldiers (伪军), i.e. Chinese soldiers who fought for the Japanese invaders, and later on traitors (汉奸队 26), including a plain clothes spy (便衣队特务 31).\nThe time of action is specified to 1942, which marks one of the turning points in the history of the CCP. The CCP had set up headquarters in Yan\u0026rsquo;an (Shaanxi Province). 1942 saw the beginning of the first rectification campaign (延安整风运动) through which Mao Zedong consolidated his power. The reference to the Yangge tradition (秧歌, pages 13 and 19) also serves as a reference to the revolutionary, pre-1949 past of the CCP. Yangge are a popular dance form originating in rural North China. The CCP used this dance form as a tool to disseminate socialist ideas among the population.\nThe second historical point of reference for an understanding of the story is 1974, the year of its publication. After the tumultuous early years of the Cultural Revolution, the country is returning to a distinct level of normalcy, including the fact that publishing houses resume publishing new works of art, including pocket-sized lianhuanhua 连环画. With their combination of images and brief texts and with their entertaining qualities, these books addressed young readers in particular and thus could be used for their educational and propagandistic values. The story celebrates the heroism of Niqiu, a courageous and honest young boy who is clearly created to serve as a role model for his young readers. Niqiu is given the task to oversee the watermelons because of his integrity and because he is a good swimmer: He needs to cover a distance of half a Chinese mile (里) each day (5). Historically, the length of a mile varied depending on regions, today it is defined as half a kilometer, so half a mile equals 250 m \u0026ndash; indicating that the water pond is rather big, and that Niqiu is a good swimmer.\nThe story contains scenes of youthful play and of careless mischief. At the same time, the children are called upon to contribute to the rightful cause \u0026ndash; to which Niqiu responds by taking up the fight himself, despite the warnings of an older villager. A careful reading may reveal that the children\u0026rsquo;s playfulness anticipates a contribution to the larger cause. When Niqiu fools his friends using the watermelon, this trap is referred to with the term 空城计 (literally \u0026ldquo;empty city strategy\u0026rdquo; in which an enemy is deceived into thinking that an undefended location is full of ambushes, thus causing the enemy to retreat 22) which can be traced back to the 36 Stratagems, thus locating the plot both within the Chinese tradition and within the 1970s when the 36 Stratagems continued to be referred to. Moreover, it frames the story of a young boy within the realm of strategies of military defense against a potent enemy.\nHis courageousness is crowned with victory \u0026ndash; and framed within the proper rhetoric of the Cultural Revolution. He resists the threats of the spy, as \u0026ldquo;children raised by Mao Zedong's Thought do not listen to such kinds of threats, and temptations have no effect on them.\u0026rdquo; (47) And the villagers similarly make an explicit connection between Niqiu\u0026rsquo;s success and the efforts of the CCP by stating: \u0026ldquo;Niqiu is a good boy educated by the Communist Party, he averted yet another harm to the villagers!\u0026rdquo; (57). As such the lianhuanhua is as much a witness to the historical past of the War of Resistance against Japan as it is a witness of the rhetoric of its Cultural Revolutionary present.\nFront and back cover Frontmatter Page 01 抗日战争时期,河北省乐亭县靠滦河的东岸,有一个张家庄,是抗日根据地的边沿区。这个庄的抗日组织在共产党的领导下,按照毛主席的军事路线,积极开展抗日斗争。 During the War of Resistance Against Japan, there was a place named Zhangjia Village, located on the east bank of the Luan River in Laoting County, which was in the border area of an anti-Japanese base. The village\u0026rsquo;s anti-Japanese organization was under the leadership of the Communist Party and actively carried out the anti-Japanese struggle in accordance with Chairman Mao\u0026rsquo;s military line. Page 02 一九四二年夏天,盘踞在河西据点里的日寇,特务,伪军,经常出来抓老百姓,抢东西。村里人都恨透了这帮坏蛋。有一天,敌人到河东“讨伐”。把抗属张大爷种的一亩西瓜凡熟的都给抢吃了,临走还把他打了一顿。 In the summer of 1942, Japanese invaders, spies, and puppet soldiers were stationed on the west side of the Luan River and often came out to take captive civilians and steal their things. Everyone in the village detested these bastards. One day, the enemy arrived at the east side of the river to \u0026ldquo;punish\u0026rdquo; the locals. They robbed and ate all the ripe watermelons on the patch of Uncle Zhang, a military dependent. Page 03 张大爷连伤带气,一病就起不来炕。那块西瓜地也就没人收拾了。 Uncle Zhang was injured and annoyed, and he was bedridden. Also, no one was able to tidy up the watermelon patch. Page 04 村干部研究了一下,决定委托儿童团看管瓜田。儿童团把这个任务交给了一个最勇敢而又有斗争经验的团员——泥鳅。 Therefore, the village cadres discussed the matter and decided to entrust the Children\u0026rsquo;s Corps to take care of the melon patch. The Children\u0026rsquo;s Corps then gave this task to one of the bravest and most experienced League members: Niqiu. Page 05 瓜地和村子隔着半里路宽的一个大水坑,坑里长着芦苇。泥鳅是穷人家的孩子,从小就学会了干活。他的水量很大,自从接受了看瓜的任务后,他每天都游水过去,照料西瓜。 The watermelon patch and the village were separated by a big water pond, half a mile wide with reeds growing inside. Niqiu came from a poor family and had learned to work hard since he was a small kid. He was a good swimmer, so after he had accepted responsibility to protect the melons, he swam over each day to tend to the watermelons. Page 06 泥鳅到了地理,总是闲不住,不是打瓜蔓,就是剜地蚕,嘴里还喊着:“沙瓤的大西瓜,谁吃谁甜掉牙!” At the patch, Niqiu always was busy. When he was not cutting the melon vines, he was picking out earthworms, all the while shouting: \u0026ldquo;A huge watermelon full of mushy pulp sweetens everyone\u0026rsquo;s life!\u0026rdquo; Page 07 由于泥鳅热心的收拾,又赶上雨水勤,瓜蔓爬满了地,小瓜又顶上来了,不到半月时间,个个长得比量米的柳条斗子还大。 Because of Niqiu\u0026rsquo;s enthusiastic work, and the frequent rainfalls, the melon vines crawled over the whole field and the small watermelons began to grow again. Before half a month had passed, they had all grown even bigger than Niqiu\u0026rsquo;s wicker basket. Page 08 村里帮着泥鳅把熟了的西瓜及时摘下来,拉到集上卖掉,用卖瓜的钱给张大爷买药、治病。 The village people helped Niqiu pick the ripe watermelons in time and brought them to the market to sell them. With the money they earned, they bought medicine for Uncle Zhang and cured his injuries. Page 09 一天,泥鳅把一个熟透了的大西瓜摘下来,洑着水把瓜运到张大爷家里。 One day, Niqiu picked a very ripe watermelon. He took it to Uncle Zhang\u0026rsquo;s home by letting it float down the water. Page 10 这时,张大爷的病已好多了,他见泥鳅送了瓜来,便高兴得一骨碌坐起来。泥鳅抱着大西瓜,叫他尝尝。 By then, Uncle Zhang was feeling a lot better. When he saw Niqiu bringing the watermelon, he sat up, rejoicing. Niqiu held the huge watermelon in his arms and asked Uncle Zhang to try it. Page 11 张大爷接过瓜,把瓜贴在耳朵上,听了又拍,拍了又听,嘴里不住称赞:“好瓜!好瓜!这瓜给多少钱也不卖,留着做种。” After Uncle Zhang took the melon, he held it very close to his ear, listening and patting, patting and listening. He could not stop praising: \u0026ldquo;Such a good watermelon! Such a good watermelon! No matter how much money they give us, we\u0026rsquo;re not selling this one. We keep it for making seeds.\u0026rdquo; Page 12 泥鳅拿起刀,在西瓜把儿上,“嗖” 地一旋,碗大的一块西瓜皮掉下来,露出鸡冠子色的沙瓤,瓤里包着油亮亮的黑籽。他们都用小勺挖着吃,把西瓜籽吐出来留作籽用。 Niqiu picked up a knife, and \u0026ndash; WHOOSH \u0026ndash; let it down on the watermelon. A large piece of the watermelon fell off and revealed the cockscomb-coloured melon pulp, which was covered with shiny black seeds. They both dug out some pulp with small spoons and ate it, spitting out the watermelon seeds in order to use them as seeds. Page 13 吃完瓜,泥鳅抱着掏空了的大西瓜皮,在西瓜皮上挖了两个小洞,把西瓜皮往头上一套,象个大头娃娃似的,扭搭起秧歌,到坑沿上去了。 After eating the melon, Niqiu held the hollowed-out watermelon skin, cut two small holes into it and put the watermelon peel on his head, so he looked like a big-headed doll. Dancing a Yangge, he went to the edge of the water pond. Page 14 泥鳅来到了水坑边上,水坑里有很多洗澡玩的孩子,扑通扑通地打着水。泥鳅悄悄地往水里一钻,只有一个套在头上的大西瓜皮留在水面上。 When Niqiu came to the edge of the water pond, a lot of children were washing and playing in the water, splashing the water. Niqiu quietly waded into the water, only the watermelon peel was visible on the surface. Page 15 一个孩子眼尖,站在水里喊道:“看那有个大西瓜,大西瓜!”一个猛子游过去,要去打捞大西瓜。 One of the children had sharp eyes. He stood in the water and shouted: \u0026ldquo;Look, there\u0026rsquo;s a huge watermelon, a huge watermelon!\u0026rdquo;, a courageous child swam over to get the huge watermelon out of the water. Page 16 其他的孩子也看到了,停止了“捉水猫猫”的游戏,都去捞那个大西瓜。西瓜在水面上一浮一浮的,孩子们追的快,瓜也游的快。 Other children also saw it, so they stopped the game of \u0026ldquo;catch the water cat\u0026rdquo; and went to catch the huge watermelon. The watermelon was floating on the surface. As the children were chasing it fast, it was also swimming fast. Page 17 一个机灵的孩子停住了,喊道:“别追了,这西瓜有 '鬼',这是引咱们往深水里去,好淹死我们。”孩子们都害怕了,不敢再追。 A clever child stopped and yelled: \u0026ldquo;Stop chasing, there\u0026rsquo;s a ghost in this watermelon, it\u0026rsquo;s leading us into the deep water to drown us.\u0026rdquo; The children got scared and did not dare to continue their chase. Page 18 孩子们都上了岸,眼巴巴的看着这个大西瓜。泥鳅从小洞里看见他们害怕的样子,不由得想笑。 The children all went ashore, looking anxiously at the huge watermelon. Niqiu watched their frightened expressions through the small holes in the watermelon and could not help wanting to laugh. Page 19 他手一按,脚一踩,半个身子露出水面来。他晃着西瓜头,高兴地唱起了秧歌调。 He pushed with his hands, stomped with his feet and the upper part of his body emerged from the water. He shook his watermelon head and happily began to sing a Yangge tune. Page 20 小伙伴二嘎子听出是泥鳅的声音,便一挥手喊起来:“走哇!打这个大头鬼!” 于是十几个孩子一齐跳下水,朝泥鳅追去。 When Little Ergazi recognized Niqiu\u0026rsquo;s voice, he waved his hand and shouted: \u0026ldquo;Let\u0026rsquo;s go! Beat this big-headed ghost!\u0026rdquo; Following that, a dozen children collectively jumped into the water and chased after Niqiu. Page 21 一群孩子对付泥鳅一个人,在水里打起水仗来。烂泥从四面八方向他扔来,打得西瓜皮咚咚直响,泥鳅转着圈儿迎击。 It was a bunch of kids against Niqiu alone, starting a battle in the water. Mud was thrown at Niqiu from all directions, hitting the watermelon skin with a thud. Niqiu, spinning in circles, retaliated. Page 22 打了一阵,泥鳅使了个空城计,他悄悄地把头从瓜皮里退出来,一个猛子扎到大苇塘里,掏水鸟蛋去了,他的小伙伴们还向瓜皮上扔泥呢。 After fighting for a while, Niqiu made a feint. He carefully backed his head away from the watermelon, rapidly went into the big reed pond and went to dig for waterbird eggs. His comrades were still throwing mud at the watermelon skin. Page 23 忽然坑西边有人大声喊:“敌人来啦!”孩子们一听,赶忙上岸钻进了高粱地。 Suddenly, someone screamed from the west of the pond: \u0026ldquo;The enemies are coming!\u0026rdquo; As soon as the children heard that, they hurriedly went ashore and slipped into the sorghum field. Page 24 泥鳅正在苇塘里掏水鸟蛋,离坑沿远,耳朵眼里又塞着秫秸芯,没有听见喊声。等他出了苇塘一看,哟!人都哪儿去了呢?水坑里只有那个西瓜皮还漂在水面上。 In the reed pond Niqiu was digging for water bird eggs, far away from the edge of the pond, and since his ears and eyes were filled with sorghum sticks, he did not hear the shout. When he got out of the reed and looked around, he thought: \u0026ldquo;Oh! Where is everyone?\u0026rdquo; Only the watermelon skin was still floating on the surface of the water. Page 25 他上了西岸,站直了身子,看了看自己的影子,影子还矮着哩。心想:“还不到下半晌,为什么都走了?” He got onto the west bank, stood up straight and looked at his shadow which was still short. He thought: \u0026ldquo;It\u0026rsquo;s not yet afternoon, why did they all leave?\u0026rdquo; Page 26 他抖掉头上的水,正在坑沿上四下张望,一个乡亲从西往东跑过来,向后指着对泥鳅说:“快跑!汉奸队又来啦!” He shook the water off his head and looked around the edge of the pond when a villager came running past from west to east, pointing backwards and saying to Niqiu: \u0026ldquo;Run away! The traitors are returning!\u0026rdquo; Page 27 泥鳅听了,手一扳树杈,就上了坑沿那棵弯弯的老柳树,手打眼罩往西一看,十几个伪军,正顺着小路往这边走。 When Niqiu heard this, he grabbed a tree branch and pulled himself up onto the curved old willow tree at the pond. Using his hand as a visor, he looked westwards and saw a dozen or so puppet soldiers walking along a small path towards him. Page 28 那个老乡叫他快走,泥鳅看了看瓜地,咬了咬嘴唇说:“大叔你走吧,我还要看瓜!”那个老乡说:“看瓜?这可不是闹着玩的!上回那些坏蛋来,吃了瓜还把张大爷打了一顿。” The villager told him to run away, but Niqiu looked at the melon patch, bit his lip and said: \u0026ldquo;You go ahead, Uncle! I need to watch over the melons!\u0026rdquo; The villager answered: \u0026ldquo;Watch over the melons? This is not a joke! Last time those bastards came, they ate the melons and beat up Uncle Zhang.\u0026rdquo; Page 29 一提这件事,泥鳅气就来了,他愤愤地说:“我不能让他们白吃张大爷的瓜,是谁吃的,我都给他记上,有机会,都得叫他们还帐。” When this was mentioned, Niqiu\u0026rsquo;s anger rose again. He said angrily: \u0026ldquo;I can\u0026rsquo;t let them eat Uncle Zhang\u0026rsquo;s melons for free. Whoever ate them, I\u0026rsquo;ll put that on his bill, and I\u0026rsquo;ll make them pay for it when I get the chance.\u0026rdquo; Page 30 那位老乡见劝不动他,只好走了。泥鳅抓住一条树枝一悠,“扑通”一声,就扎到水里,把西瓜皮又套到了头上,站在没脖儿深的水里。 The villager saw that Niqiu could not be persuaded, so he could only walk away. Niqiu grabbed a long tree branch, swung himself and - SPLASH - plunged into the water. He put the watermelon skin on his head again and stood in the water which did not reach his neck. Page 31 一会儿,便衣队特务和两个伪军来到西瓜地里,满地里找西瓜,也没找到一个熟的,他们气的把瓜秧全给拔了,生西瓜蛋踢得满地乱滚。 After a while, a plain clothes spy and two puppet soldiers came to the watermelon patch and searched the whole ground for melons but could not find a single ripe one. They became so angry that they pulled up all the melon seedlings and kicked the unripe melons all over the place. Page 32 糟踏了一阵,他们站在坑沿上,用高粱叶子作扇子,扇着体息,口渴得直舐嘴唇。 After trampling for a while, they stood on the edge of the pond and used sorghum leaves as fans. Fanning, they rested and licked their lips with thirst. Page 33 那个高个子的伪军忽然向坑里指着说:“大西瓜!”小个儿马上说:“是我先看见的!”两个伪军争着要脱衣服下水去捞。 Suddenly, the tall puppet soldier pointed at the pond and said: \u0026ldquo;Look at the huge watermelon!\u0026rdquo; The short one immediately replied: \u0026ldquo;I saw it first!\u0026rdquo; The two puppet soldiers vied to undress in order to get into the water and fish it out. Page 34 那个便衣特务呲着满嘴金牙得意地说:“你们俩谁也别抢,是我先看见的。”说着,就抢先穿着肥大的灯笼裤下了水。 The spy bared his mouth full of gold teeth and said complacently: \u0026ldquo;Neither of you snatch it, I saw it first.\u0026rdquo; As he was speaking, he rushed into the water in his loosely fitting knickerbockers. Page 35 岸上两个伪军气得撅着嘴说:“这坑水可深,小心淹死你。”便衣特务得意地说:“老子淹不死。这是种瓜的老头特意为我留的,要不是上次教训了他一顿,今天他能给我留吗?” Pouting with anger, the two puppet soldiers on the bank said: \u0026ldquo;That pond is really deep, be careful not to drown.\u0026rdquo; The spy said proudly: \u0026ldquo;I won\u0026rsquo;t drown. The old man who grows melons reserved this one especially for me. If I hadn\u0026rsquo;t taught him a lesson last time, would he have saved one for me today?\u0026rdquo; Page 36 泥鳅见便衣特务朝自己走来,水圈一环环地从他脖子上涌过,他看到特务那个不会水的样子,想起了“千斤牛入水,斗不过大鲤鱼”,就壮起了胆。 Niqiu saw the spy coming towards him, ripples on the water around his neck. Upon realizing that the spy could not swim well, he recalled the saying: \u0026ldquo;When thousand pounds of cattle enter the water, they cannot defeat a carp\u0026rdquo;, and mustered up his courage. Page 37 特务晃晃悠悠地蹚着水向西瓜走来,高兴得鼻子眼睛全挤在一块了。眼看就快要够到手了,突然“妈呀!”一声不见了。 The spy wiggled and waded towards the watermelon and squeezed his nose and eyes in happiness. As he was reaching for the melon, a sudden \u0026ldquo;Oh my!\u0026rdquo; was followed by an abrupt silence. Page 38 两个伪军以为这小子故意装的,高个子伪军说:“别得了便宜卖乘,没人跟你抢!”小个子伪军看着冒出水面的水泡说:“上来吧,别在那吐泡了!” The two puppet soldiers thought he was just pretending, so the tall one said: \u0026ldquo;Stop acting, no one's going to fight you for it!\u0026rdquo; Watching the bubbles rise up to the surface, the short one said: \u0026ldquo;Come on up, stop blowing bubbles there!\u0026rdquo; Page 39 半袋烟的功夫过去了,特务也没露面。这时两个伪军才觉察到出了事。高个子让小个子先下去看看,小个子说:“瓜是你先看见的,应该你先下去。”他俩谁也不敢下去,只在岸上乱叫。 They smoked half a pack of cigarettes, yet the spy did not reappear. Only now, the two soldiers realized that something was wrong. The tall one ordered the small one to go down first and take a look, but the small one said: \u0026ldquo;You saw the melon first, so you should be the one to go down there first.\u0026rdquo; Neither of them dared to go down, they just stood at the bank and shouted. Page 40 再说泥鳅把那个特务拖下水去灌饱之后,就拉着他的腿绕过菱角坑,荷花塘,一口气把他拖到了大苇塘里。 After Niqiu dragged the spy down into the water to fill him up, he pulled him by the legs around the water chestnut pond, the lotus pond, and the big reed pond in one go. Page 41 特务躺在苇塘中间的一个小土岗上,肚子鼓的活象个大气蛤蟆。泥鳅气喘吁吁地蹲在一边,一时不知该怎么办好。他想把这家伙再推下水去,又一想,留着他,抗日政府可能能从他身上了解点敌人的情况。 The spy laid on a small hill in the middle of the reed pond. His big belly resembled a huge toad. Breathing heavily, Niqiu sat next to him. All of a sudden, he did not know what to do. He wanted to drag the guy back into the water, but thought it over. He could leave him so that the anti-Japanese government might learn something about the situation of the enemy from him. Page 42 于是,泥鳅找了一块破碗碴儿,把特务的牙给撬了个缝,一股黑水从牙缝里淌出来。 Then, Niqiu found a small piece of a broken bowl. With the help of this shard, wedged between the teeth of the spy, Niqiu pried open the spy\u0026rsquo;s mouth, and black water flowed out. Page 43 过了一会儿,特务缓过气来了,肚子一鼓一鼓的。泥鳅一看,好像觉得特务变长了,心想:“这么大个家伙,我怎么弄得过他呢?” After a while, the spy was relieved and his stomach bulged. Niqiu had a look, and it seemed that the spy had grown bigger. Niqiu thought: \u0026ldquo;What a big guy, how did I manage to overwhelm him?\u0026rdquo; Page 44 泥鳅小眼睛一眨,想了个主意。他扯了一把青苇子在地上踩了,拧成了一条绳子,趁特务还没清醒过来,把他的两手捆了个结结实实。 Niqiu blinked with his small eyes and had an idea. He pulled a handful of green reeds, stepped them on the ground, twisting them into a rope. While the spy was still unconscious, he tied his hands together tightly. Page 45 特务醒过来了,他在地上直打滚。泥鳅命令他:“不准动!”特务一见是个孩子,就假装求饶说:“老弟,放开我吧!” The spy woke up and rolled back and forth on the ground. Niqiu commanded: \u0026ldquo;Freeze!\u0026rdquo; When the spy realized that Niqiu was just a child, he pretended to ask for forgiveness and said, \u0026ldquo;Little one, set me free!\u0026rdquo; Page 46 泥鳅气愤地指着他说:“谁叫你当汉奸欺侮中国人哪?谁叫你抢了张大爷的瓜?”特务赶忙说:“吃瓜我给钱,快给我解开,我好给你掏钱。” Niqiu pointed at him furiously and said, \u0026ldquo;Who told you to become a traitor and bully the Chinese people? Who told you to rob Uncle Zhang's melons?\u0026rdquo; The spy answered in a rush: \u0026ldquo;I'll pay for the melon, untie me quickly, so that I can pay you.\u0026rdquo; Page 47 泥鳅笑呵呵地说:“等我把你送到抗日政府,咱俩到那再算账。”特务看软的不行,便用硬的威胁,可是毛泽东思想哺育成长起来的儿童不听这一套,威胁利诱对他们行不通。 Niqiu laughed: \u0026ldquo;Just wait until I have sent you to the anti-Japanese government, we will settle our accounts there.\u0026rdquo; When the spy saw that soft words would not work, he used hard threats, but children raised by Mao Zedong's Thought do not listen to such kinds of threats, and temptations have no effect on them. Page 48 正在这时,突然“砰! 砰!”两声枪响,子弹飞过苇塘的上空。泥鳅赶紧趴在地上,这枪子是那两个伪军放的,他们为了壮壮胆,朝天放了两枪就走了。 At that moment \u0026ndash; BANG, BANG! \u0026ndash; suddenly two shots rang out, and the bullets flew over the reed pond. Niqiu hurriedly got down on the ground. The two puppet soldiers had fired the shots. In order to strengthen their courage, they had fired the two shots towards the sky and fled. Page 49 忽然,泥鳅听见特务在一块石头上磨绳子,走近一看,苇绳快被特务挣断了。 Suddenly, Niqiu heard the spy grinding the rope on a rock, and when he came closer, he saw that the rope was about to be torn apart. Page 50 泥鳅猛地骑在特务身上,一边用拳头打,一边狠狠地骂着。特务死命挣扎,两个人就在坑沿边滚了起来。 Niqiu violently got on top of the spy, punching him with his fists as he cursed him viciously. The spy struggled for his dear life as the two rolled around on the edge of the pond. Page 51 特务打不过泥鳅,就高声喊叫救命。泥鳅想堵住他的嘴,又没东西堵,特务的喊声越来越大,泥鳅怕被伪军听见,只得又把他推下水去. The spy was unable to defeat Niqiu, so he called for help. Niqiu wanted to stuff his mouth, but as he didn\u0026rsquo;t find anything, the spy\u0026rsquo;s shouting became louder and louder. Niqiu was afraid that the puppet soldiers would hear him, so he pushed him into the water again. Page 52 特务在水里喝着水,象是葫芦头灌香油似的,“咕嘟嘟,咕嘟嘟”,水面上冒起了一串串水泡泡。 GLUG, GLUG \u0026ndash; The spy drank from the water like a bottle gourd from sesame oil, and a stream of bubbles rose to the surface. Page 53 敌人走后,张家庄的人都回来了,就是不见泥鳅。大伙四下里找寻着,到处都在喊着:\u0026ldquo;泥鳅!泥——鳅——\u0026rdquo; After the enemy had left, all the villagers of Zhangjia Village returned, but Niqiu was nowhere to be seen. Everybody was searching for him in all directions and shouted: \u0026ldquo;Niqiu! Niiiiiiqiuuuuuuuuuuu!\u0026rdquo; Page 54 泥鳅听了,使用两手卷成个筒筒,放在嘴上,拉长声音回答说:\u0026ldquo;我在这儿哪!\u0026rdquo; When Niqiu heard them, he formed his hands to a tube, raised them to his mouth and answered: \u0026ldquo;I am heeeeeeeere!\u0026rdquo; Page 55 泥鳅把喝饱水的特务又拖到东岸上。大伙一看,都高兴地说:“泥鳅真是共产党教育出来的好孩子,又为乡亲们除了一害!”泥鳅充满信心地表示:“要消灭这些害人虫,把日本鬼子赶出中国去!取得抗战的全部胜利!” Niqiu pulled the spy, who had had enough to drink, to the east bank. When everybody saw this, they happily said: \u0026ldquo;Niqiu is a good boy educated by the Communist Party, he averted yet another harm to the villagers!\u0026rdquo; Niqiu said with confidence: \u0026ldquo;Let\u0026rsquo;s destroy this vermin and drive the Japanese devils out of China! Let\u0026rsquo;s achieve total victory in the war!\u0026rdquo; This translation was produced in a joint translation project by BA students at the Institute of Chinese Studies, University of Freiburg University, supervised by Lena Henningsen. We acknowledge the support of the ERC-funded project \u0026ldquo;The Politics of Reading in the People\u0026rsquo;s Republic of China\u0026rdquo; (READCHINA, Grant agreement No. 757365/SH5: 2018-2023). We thank Julia Schneider for a critical reading of the text and our colleagues Matthias Arnold and Hanno Lecher from the Centre for Asian and Transcultural Studies (CATS), Heidelberg University, for providing us with high resolution scans of the comics which are part of the Seifert collection.\nWe have taken much effort to contact the publisher of this comic in order to acquire permission by the copyright holder to publish the pages online. We regret that we have not received responses to our inquiries. If you believe that copyrights are not being respected, please send an email message to: readchina\u0026quot;at\u0026quot;mail.sinologie.uni-freiburg.de. We will respond as soon as possible and will work with you to either accredit the material correctly or remove it entirely.\u0026#160;\u0026#x21a9;\u0026#xfe0e;\n"},{"id":17,"href":"/comics/biao/b-page-01/","title":"Page 01","section":"The Watch 表 (1980)","content":"\n彼蒂加对做过的事情都糊涂得很。他在市场里到处走,什么都想过了。他又懊恼、又伤心。他饿得很,想买点儿吃的,可是口袋里一分钱也没有。 Petka was confused about the things he had done. He walked around the marketplace thinking about all sorts of things. He was frustrated and sad. He was terribly hungry and wanted to buy something to eat, but he did not have any money in his pocket. "},{"id":18,"href":"/comics/luxun/maishudegushi/maishudegushi-page-01/","title":"Page 01","section":"1 Die Geschichte eines Buchkaufs 买书的故事","content":"\n一九三二年深秋,一个细雨绵绵的日子。中午时分,上海内山书店里很清静,没有顾客。在店堂的一角,鲁迅正和书店主人,日本朋友内山完造谈论着国民党反动派压制进步文化的情况。这时,鲁迅的著作几乎全部被他们禁止了。 Es war ein vernieselter Tag im Spätherbst des Jahres 1932. Um die Mittagszeit war es in der Uchiyama-Buchhandlung in Shanghai ganz ruhig, es waren keine Kunden da. In einer Ecke des Ladens unterhielt sich Lu Xun mit dem Ladenbesitzer, seinem japanischen Freund Kanzō Uchiyama, darüber, wie die fortschrittliche Kultur durch die Reaktionäre der Guomindang unterdrückt wurde. Zu jener Zeit hatten diese nahezu sämtliche literarischen Schriften von Lu Xun verboten. "},{"id":19,"href":"/comics/luxun/yifumukedegushi/b-page-01/","title":"Page 01","section":"2 Die Geschichte eines Holzschnitts 一幅木刻的故事","content":"\n鲁迅十分重视新兴木刻,认为这是“新的,年轻的,前进的”艺术,“为革命所需要”。他组织“朝花社”,介绍外国革命木刻,又主持木刻讲习会,亲自担任翻译,请外国友人传授木刻技艺。 Lu Xun schätzte die neu aufkommende Holzschnittkunst sehr, er betrachtete sie als „neue, junge und fortschrittliche“ Kunstform „für die Revolution“. Er organisierte die „Morgenblüten-Gesellschaft“, machte revolutionäre Holzschnitte aus dem Ausland bekannt und richtete außerdem ein Seminar über Holzschnitte aus. Dort war er persönlich als Übersetzer tätig und lud einen befreundeten ausländischen Künstler ein, seine Fertigkeiten in der Holzschnittkunst weiterzugeben. "},{"id":20,"href":"/comics/luxun/zuihouyicixunli/b-page-01/","title":"Page 01","section":"3 Der letzte Besuch 最后一次巡礼","content":"\n一九三六年春天起,鲁迅不幸得了重病,经过检查,肺部已烂了四分之三,体重也不到四十公斤,身体很虚弱。但他在病中坚持和国民党反动派以及混入革命队伍内的“蛀虫”作斗争,同时关心着青年一代的成长。 Seit dem Frühjahr des Jahres 1936 war Lu Xun leider schwer krank. Eine Untersuchung ergab, dass sein Lungengewebe bereits zu drei Vierteln zerstört war. Er wog keine 40 Kilogramm mehr und war sehr schwach. Doch trotz seiner Erkrankung kämpfte er weiter gegen die Reaktionäre der Guomindang und die „Schädlinge“, die in die revolutionären Truppen eigeschleust waren. Zugleich lag ihm die Entwicklung der jungen Generation am Herzen. "},{"id":21,"href":"/comics/niqiu/b-page-01/","title":"Page 01","section":"Niqiu Protects the Watermelons 泥鳅看瓜 (1974)","content":"\n抗日战争时期,河北省乐亭县靠滦河的东岸,有一个张家庄,是抗日根据地的边沿区。这个庄的抗日组织在共产党的领导下,按照毛主席的军事路线,积极开展抗日斗争。 During the War of Resistance Against Japan, there was a place named Zhangjia Village, located on the east bank of the Luan River in Laoting County, which was in the border area of an anti-Japanese base. The village\u0026rsquo;s anti-Japanese organization was under the leadership of the Communist Party and actively carried out the anti-Japanese struggle in accordance with Chairman Mao\u0026rsquo;s military line. "},{"id":22,"href":"/comics/zhufu/b-page-01/","title":"Page 01","section":"The New Year's Sacrifice 祝福 (1974)","content":"\n有一年初冬,鲁镇鲁四老爷家里要换女工,做中人的卫老婆子带来了一个女工,年纪大约二十六,七岁,脸色青黄,但两颊却还是红的。 One year in early winter, the family of Mr. Lu in the town of Luzhen wanted to change their female worker. Old Wei, who acted as a middlewoman, brought a female worker, roughly 26 or 27 years old. She had a sallow face, but her cheeks were still reddish. "},{"id":23,"href":"/comics/biao/b-page-02/","title":"Page 02","section":"The Watch 表 (1980)","content":"\n忽然,他看见一个女人在卖蛋饼,那蛋饼焦黄、松脆,还冒着热气。他馋得直流 口涎,于是走过去,拿起一个蛋饼,嗅了一嗅,塞在袋子里,转身走开了。 All of a sudden, he saw a woman selling pancakes which were brown, crisp and gave off hot steam. His mouth was watering, so he went and took one of the pancakes, smelled it, stuffed it in his pocket, turned around and walked away. "},{"id":24,"href":"/comics/luxun/maishudegushi/maishudegushi-page-02/","title":"Page 02","section":"1 Die Geschichte eines Buchkaufs 买书的故事","content":"\n中国人开的书店不能出售鲁迅著作,鲁迅就委托外国人开的书店代售,千方百计把革命真理传播到工农大众中去。鲁迅对内山完造说:“国民党不准书店发售我译的《毁灭》,其实《毁灭》是禁止不了的。” Von Chinesen betriebene Buchhandlungen durften Lu Xuns Werke nicht verkaufen, so dass er den Vertrieb seiner Bücher einer von einem Ausländer geführten Buchhandlung anvertraute, um die Wahrheit der Revolution mit allen Mitteln unter den Massen der Arbeiter und Bauern zu verbreiten. Lu Xun sagte zu Uchiyama Kanzō: „Die Guomindang erlaubt es Buchhandlungen nicht, das von mir übersetzte Werk Die Neunzehn zu verkaufen, doch Die Neunzehn lässt sich nicht verbieten.\u0026quot; "},{"id":25,"href":"/comics/luxun/yifumukedegushi/b-page-02/","title":"Page 02","section":"2 Die Geschichte eines Holzschnitts 一幅木刻的故事","content":"\n鲁迅还不辞辛苦,收集各国进步的原版木刻画,举办展览会,给爱好木刻的青年们观摩、学习。后来,又亲自将这些画翻印出来,送给从事新兴木刻运动的青年们。 Lu Xun scheute auch sonst keine Mühen, er sammelte aus verschiedensten Ländern fortschrittliche Holzschnitte im Original und veranstaltete Ausstellungen, um jungen Menschen, die sich für den Holzschnitt begeisterten, Anschauungsmaterial zu bieten und davon zu lernen. Später ließ er diese Bilder persönlich reproduzieren und schenkte sie den jungen Leuten, die sich in der aufkeimenden Holzschnitt-Bewegung engagierten. "},{"id":26,"href":"/comics/luxun/zuihouyicixunli/b-page-02/","title":"Page 02","section":"3 Der letzte Besuch 最后一次巡礼","content":"\n十月八日,是“中华全国木刻第二回流动展览会”展出的最后一天。那天午后,鲁迅抱病赶去参观。他多年来呕心沥血培育的这株幼苗,在白色恐怖的威胁下,终于成长起来,并开出了一枝枝花朵,这怎能不使鲁迅高兴呢! Der 8. Oktober war der letzte Ausstellungstag der „2. Landesweiten Wanderausstellung für chinesische Holzschnitte“. Am Nachmittag machte sich der kranke Lu Xun daher zügig auf den Weg zur Ausstellung. Viele Jahre hatte er all seine Kraft darauf verwendet die Schösslinge auszubilden, und nun waren diese unter der Bedrohung durch den weißen Terror endlich herangewachsen und hatten selbst Blüten getrieben. Wie hätte dies Lu Xun nicht glücklich machen können! "},{"id":27,"href":"/comics/niqiu/b-page-02/","title":"Page 02","section":"Niqiu Protects the Watermelons 泥鳅看瓜 (1974)","content":"\n一九四二年夏天,盘踞在河西据点里的日寇,特务,伪军,经常出来抓老百姓,抢东西。村里人都恨透了这帮坏蛋。有一天,敌人到河东“讨伐”。把抗属张大爷种的一亩西瓜凡熟的都给抢吃了,临走还把他打了一顿。 In the summer of 1942, Japanese invaders, spies, and puppet soldiers were stationed on the west side of the Luan River and often came out to take captive civilians and steal their things. Everyone in the village detested these bastards. One day, the enemy arrived at the east side of the river to \u0026ldquo;punish\u0026rdquo; the locals. They robbed and ate all the ripe watermelons on the patch of Uncle Zhang, a military dependent. Before leaving, they even beat him up. "},{"id":28,"href":"/comics/zhufu/b-page-02/","title":"Page 02","section":"The New Year's Sacrifice 祝福 (1974)","content":"\n卫老婆子叫她祥林嫂,说是自己母家的邻舍,死了当家人,所以出来做工。鲁四老爷皱了皱眉,鲁四太太已经知道了他的意思,是在讨厌她是一个寡妇。 Old Wei called her Xianglin\u0026rsquo;s wife, said she was her maternal family\u0026rsquo;s neighbour, and she came out to work because her husband had died. Mr. Lu frowned, and his wife immediately knew what he meant, that he disliked the status of Xianglin\u0026rsquo;s wife as a widow. "},{"id":29,"href":"/comics/biao/b-page-03/","title":"Page 03","section":"The Watch 表 (1980)","content":"\n那女人追了过来,一把抓住他的肩膀,嚷道:“你偷东西!还我蛋饼!” The woman chased after him, grabbed his shoulder and shouted: \u0026ldquo;You thief! Give back my pancake!\u0026rdquo; "},{"id":30,"href":"/comics/luxun/maishudegushi/maishudegushi-page-03/","title":"Page 03","section":"1 Die Geschichte eines Buchkaufs 买书的故事","content":"\n说话间,一个头戴黄色制服帽的公共汽车青年卖票工人走了进来。这个青年看了鲁迅和店主人一眼,就翻起书架上的书来。突然,书脊上“鲁迅”两字跳入了他的眼帘。他赶忙抽出一本,急切地翻看起来。 Während sie sich unterhielten, trat ein junger Verkäufer von Busfahrkarten mit gelber Uniformmütze auf dem Kopf herein. Der junge Mann warf Lu Xun und dem Ladenbesitzer einen kurzen Blick zu, bevor er anfing, sich die Bücher in den Regalen anzuschauen. Plötzlich sprang ihm der Name „Lu Xun\u0026quot; von einigen Buchrücken ins Auge. Sofort zog er ein Buch heraus und fing an, ungeduldig darin zu blättern. "},{"id":31,"href":"/comics/luxun/yifumukedegushi/b-page-03/","title":"Page 03","section":"2 Die Geschichte eines Holzschnitts 一幅木刻的故事","content":"\n在鲁迅的倡导和培育下,我国新兴的革命木刻如茁壮的幼芽,冲破国民党反动派的种种压迫,顽强地成长起来。不少青年组成了木刻团体,运用木刻这一武器,跟国民党反动派进京斗争。 Durch Lu Xuns Initiative und Anleitung glich Chinas aufkeimender revolutionärer Holzschnitt einem kräftigen Sprössling, der jede Unterdrückung durch die Reaktionäre der Guomindang überwindet und unbeugsam wächst. Viele junge Menschen bildeten Holzschnitt-Gruppen und benutzten den Holzschnitt als Waffe im Kampf gegen die Reaktionäre der Guomindang. "},{"id":32,"href":"/comics/luxun/zuihouyicixunli/b-page-03/","title":"Page 03","section":"3 Der letzte Besuch 最后一次巡礼","content":"\n鲁迅踏进会场,整个会场顿时轰动起来。一群木刻青年立刻围上来,热烈地向他问候,关切地询问他的健康状况。鲁迅坦率地回答:“不好,不好,今年九个月中,足足大病了六个月。”说着,又是一阵咳嗽,脸色很苍白。 Als Lu Xun den Ausstellungssaal betrat, sorgte dies im ganzen Saal sofort für Aufsehen. Eine Gruppe junger Holzschnittkünstler gesellte sich sofort um ihn, grüßte ihn freundlich und fragte besorgt nach seinem Gesundheitszustand. Lu Xun antwortete geradeheraus: „Mir geht es nicht gut, wirklich nicht. Von neun Monaten war ich dieses Jahr ganze sechs Monate schwer krank.“ Als er das sagte, erlitt er einen weiteren Hustenanfall, und sein Gesicht war ganz blass. "},{"id":33,"href":"/comics/niqiu/b-page-03/","title":"Page 03","section":"Niqiu Protects the Watermelons 泥鳅看瓜 (1974)","content":"\n张大爷连伤带气,一病就起不来炕。那块西瓜地也就没人收拾了。 Uncle Zhang was injured and annoyed, and he was bedridden. Also, no one was able to tidy up the watermelon patch. "},{"id":34,"href":"/comics/zhufu/b-page-03/","title":"Page 03","section":"The New Year's Sacrifice 祝福 (1974)","content":"\n但鲁四太太看祥林嫂模样还周正,手脚都壮大,很像一个安分耐劳的人,便不管四老爷的皱眉,将她留下试工了。 But Mrs. Lu thought her appearance very presentable, with strong hands and feet, and she looked like an honest and hard-working person, so she and kept her for a trial period regardless of Mr. Lu\u0026rsquo;s frown. "},{"id":35,"href":"/comics/biao/b-page-04/","title":"Page 04","section":"The Watch 表 (1980)","content":"\n随着那女人的叫嚷声,一下子围上一大群人。人们把他拖在地上,毒打了一顿,接着又把他拉到警察局去。 Following the woman\u0026rsquo;s shouting, a group of people immediately gathered around them. They dragged him to the floor, beat him relentlessly and took him to the police station. "},{"id":36,"href":"/comics/luxun/maishudegushi/maishudegushi-page-04/","title":"Page 04","section":"1 Die Geschichte eines Buchkaufs 买书的故事","content":"\n这就是鲁迅译的小说《毁灭》。鲁迅的著译,在那暗无天日的岁月里给了他多大的鼓舞啊!但是由于反动派的查禁,鲁迅的书越来越难买到了,今天在这里是意外发现。他按捺不住内心的喜悦,捧着这本书,舍不得放下。 Es war eben jener von Lu Xun übersetzte Roman Die Neunzehn. Was für eine enorme Inspiration Lu Xuns Schriften und Übersetzungen ihm in jenen finsteren Zeiten doch gegeben hatten! Doch aufgrund der Verbote durch die reaktionären Kräfte wurde es immer schwieriger, Lu Xuns Bücher zu erwerben. Dass er nun heute hier auf dieses Werk stieß, war ein unverhoffter Fund. Er konnte seine innere Freude nicht zurückhalten, hielt das Buch in den Händen und konnte es nicht mehr aus den Händen legen. "},{"id":37,"href":"/comics/luxun/yifumukedegushi/b-page-04/","title":"Page 04","section":"2 Die Geschichte eines Holzschnitts 一幅木刻的故事","content":"\n一九三六年春天,鲁迅收到了一幅木刻和一封信。这是一个由于从事革命木刻而遭到反动派逮捕、拘禁的青年寄来的。 Im Frühjahr 1936 erhielt Lu Xun einen Holzschnitt und einen Brief. Geschickt wurden sie ihm von einem jungen Mann, der sich dem revolutionären Holzschnitt widmete und aus diesem Grund von den Reaktionären festgenommen und eingesperrt worden war. "},{"id":38,"href":"/comics/luxun/zuihouyicixunli/b-page-04/","title":"Page 04","section":"3 Der letzte Besuch 最后一次巡礼","content":"\n青年们看着他那瘦弱的身躯,心里十分难过,都劝他坐下歇一会儿。鲁迅却径直向展品走去。他仔细观看挂在墙上的每一幅作品,当他看到这些青年刻苦创作的作品,确比过去有了进步时,脸上露出了欣慰的笑容。 Lu Xuns schlechter Gesundheitszustand machte die jungen Leute ganz traurig. Sie drängten ihn sich hinzusetzen und sich eine Weile auszuruhen, doch Lu Xun ging geradewegs auf die Ausstellungsstücke zu. Er schaute sich jedes einzelne der Werke, die an der Wand hingen, genauestens an. Und als er die Werke sah, welche diese jungen Leute in mühsamer Arbeit erschaffen hatten, und feststellte, dass diese sich im Vergleich zu früher verbessert hatten, zeigte sich auf seinem Gesicht ein zufriedenes Lächeln. "},{"id":39,"href":"/comics/niqiu/b-page-04/","title":"Page 04","section":"Niqiu Protects the Watermelons 泥鳅看瓜 (1974)","content":"\n村干部研究了一下,决定委托儿童团看管瓜田。儿童团把这个任务交给了一个最勇敢而又有斗争经验的团员——泥鳅。 Therefore, the village cadres discussed the matter and decided to entrust the Children\u0026rsquo;s Corps to take care of the melon patch. The Children\u0026rsquo;s Corps then gave this task to one of the bravest and most experienced League members: Niqiu. "},{"id":40,"href":"/comics/zhufu/b-page-04/","title":"Page 04","section":"The New Year's Sacrifice 祝福 (1974)","content":"\n试工期内,祥林嫂整天的做,似乎闲着就无聊,她又有力,简直抵得过一个男子,所以第三天就定局,每月钱五百文。 During the trial period, Xianglin\u0026rsquo;s wife worked around the clock and seemed to get bored whenever she was idle. Besides, she was so strong that she could compete over a man, so on the third day, it was settled that she would stay and earn 500 wen per month. "},{"id":41,"href":"/comics/biao/b-page-05/","title":"Page 05","section":"The Watch 表 (1980)","content":"\n他被拘留了。他仰望窗外清朗、明净和蓝的发亮的天空,苦恼在脑子里打转:人生是多么糟糕!只为了一个蛋饼……他只等待着临头的命运。 He was held in custody and looked outside the window at the bright, clear and shining sky as his sorrows were whirling around his head: \u0026ldquo;Life is so terrible! Only for a pancake…\u0026rdquo; He was just waiting for his impending fate. "},{"id":42,"href":"/comics/luxun/maishudegushi/maishudegushi-page-05/","title":"Page 05","section":"1 Die Geschichte eines Buchkaufs 买书的故事","content":"\n店主人走了过来。这个青年很有礼貌地问:“先生,这本书多少钱?”店主人接过书翻看了一下说:“一元四角。”青年伸手摸了摸衬衫的口袋,里面只剩一元钱了。他轻声说了一句:“对不起,我的钱不够。” Der Ladenbesitzer kam zu ihm herüber. Der junge Mann fragte höflich: „Entschuldigen Sie, wieviel kostet dieses Buch?\u0026quot; Der Ladenbesitzer nahm das Buch, drehte es um und sagte: „Einen Yuan und vier Jiao.\u0026quot; Der junge Mann griff in seine Hemdtasche und merkte, dass er nur noch einen Yuan übrighatte. Er sagte mit leiser Stimme: „Es tut mir leid, doch mein Geld reicht nicht aus.\u0026quot; "},{"id":43,"href":"/comics/luxun/yifumukedegushi/b-page-05/","title":"Page 05","section":"2 Die Geschichte eines Holzschnitts 一幅木刻的故事","content":"\n这副木刻正中是鲁迅的头像,像的四周是昏暗的夜,狂吠的狗,孤寂的荒坟;一支巨大的毛笔就象[sic]一杆钢枪,横扫着手握屠刀的吃人野兽。技术虽不成熟,但却渗透着对鲁迅的敬爱和对反动派的仇恨。 Im Zentrum des Holzschnitts befand sich ein Porträt von Lu Xun. Es war umgeben von düsterer Nacht, wild bellenden Hunden und einsamen, verlassenen Gräbern; ein riesengroßer Pinsel, der einem Gewehr glich, fegte eine menschenfressende Bestie, die ein Schlachtmesser in der Hand hielt, davon. Zwar war die Technik noch nicht ausgereift, doch war das Bild voller Respekt und Liebe für Lu Xun und voller Verachtung gegenüber den Reaktionären. "},{"id":44,"href":"/comics/luxun/zuihouyicixunli/b-page-05/","title":"Page 05","section":"3 Der letzte Besuch 最后一次巡礼","content":"\n参观到一半,鲁迅顺手翻了一本意见簿,见上面写着“艺术之光”之类的捧场话,就说:“这是‘匾’。”青年们都笑了。他们领会鲁迅深刻的含意:盲目的捧场话如同高挂在厅堂前面歌功颂德的“匾”一样,对青年人是没有好处的。 Als er sich die Ausstellung zur Hälfte angesehen hatte, blätterte Lu Xun beiläufig in einem Gästebuch zur Ausstellung. Er sah, dass darin lobende Worte wie „Der Ruhm der Kunst“ und Ähnliches eingetragen waren und sagte: „Das ist doch eine ‚Schrifttafel‘.“ Die jungen Leute lachten. Sie verstanden die tiefere Bedeutung von Lu Xuns Worten: Genau wie die Lobhudeleien einer ‚Schrifttafel‘, die hoch über dem Eingang zu einer Halle hängt, hatte blindes Lob für die jungen Leute keinerlei Nutzen. "},{"id":45,"href":"/comics/niqiu/b-page-05/","title":"Page 05","section":"Niqiu Protects the Watermelons 泥鳅看瓜 (1974)","content":"\n瓜地和村子隔着半里路宽的一个大水坑,坑里长着芦苇。泥鳅是穷人家的孩子,从小就学会了干活。他的水量很大,自从接受了看瓜的任务后,他每天都游水过去,照料西瓜。 The watermelon patch and the village were separated by a big water pond, half a mile wide with reeds growing inside. Niqiu came from a poor family and had learned to work hard since he was a small kid. He was a good swimmer, so after he had accepted responsibility to protect the melons, he swam over each day to tend to the watermelons. "},{"id":46,"href":"/comics/zhufu/b-page-05/","title":"Page 05","section":"The New Year's Sacrifice 祝福 (1974)","content":"\n祥林嫂不很爱说话,别人问了才回答,答的也不多。直到十几天之后,别人陆续的知道:她家里还有严厉的婆婆,一个小叔子;她是春天没了丈夫的,她丈夫活着时打柴为生,比她小十岁。大家所知道的也就只是这一点。 Xianglin\u0026rsquo;s wife did not talk much and answered only when addressed, and her answers were brief. A dozen days had passed before other people learned bit-by-bit, that she had a harsh mother-in-law at home and a younger brother-in-law; she had lost her husband in the spring; her husband, 10 years younger than her, had gathered firewood for a living before he died. These were all that people knew about her. "},{"id":47,"href":"/comics/biao/b-page-06/","title":"Page 06","section":"The Watch 表 (1980)","content":"\n忽然,传来一阵敲击木头隔板的声音:“老爷!同志!放我出去吧!看在老天爷面上!我的孩子们在等我呢!”一股浓烈的酒气涌了过来。原来那是个醉汉。 Suddenly, he noticed a tapping sound on the wooden wall: \u0026ldquo;Masters! Comrades! Let me out! In the name of God! My children are waiting for me!\u0026rdquo; A wave of boozy breath came over. It turned out to be a drunkard. "},{"id":48,"href":"/comics/luxun/maishudegushi/maishudegushi-page-06/","title":"Page 06","section":"1 Die Geschichte eines Buchkaufs 买书的故事","content":"\n店主人没听清他的话,还是热心地向他推荐:“你买一本吧,这是一部很好的书。”青年诚恳地回答:“我知道。”他反复地将书抚摸着,脸上现出了惋惜的神情。 Der Ladenbesitzer hatte ihn nicht richtig gehört und empfahl ihm weiter enthusiastisch: „Kaufen Sie ein Exemplar, das ist ein wirklich gutes Buch.\u0026quot; Der junge Mann erwiderte aufrichtig: „Ich weiß.\u0026quot; Er fuhr immer wieder mit den Fingern über das Buch, sein Gesichtsausdruck von Bedauern erfüllt. "},{"id":49,"href":"/comics/luxun/yifumukedegushi/b-page-06/","title":"Page 06","section":"2 Die Geschichte eines Holzschnitts 一幅木刻的故事","content":"\n一九三二年,这个青年才十八岁,由于受到鲁迅倡导革命木刻的影响,他和几个青年组织了一个木刻社。一次,他刻了一幅外国文学家的肖像,被特务发现了。他和另外两个青年便遭到了逮捕。 Im Jahr 1932, als der junge Mann gerade erst achtzehn Jahre alt gewesen war, hatte er unter dem Einfluss von Lu Xuns Initiative für den revolutionären Holzschnitt mit einigen anderen jungen Leuten eine Gesellschaft für auf die Beine gestellt. Einmal hatte er das Porträt eines ausländischen Schriftstellers geschnitzt, was von einem Spitzel entdeckt wurde. Er und zwei weitere junge Leute waren daraufhin festgenommen worden. "},{"id":50,"href":"/comics/luxun/zuihouyicixunli/b-page-06/","title":"Page 06","section":"3 Der letzte Besuch 最后一次巡礼","content":"\n大家再三请鲁迅休息,他才在一张藤椅上坐下。青年们见鲁迅脸色苍白,都劝他出国疗养。鲁迅微笑着回答:“我这种人是无法休养的。不写文章就不得过。与其不工作而多活几年,倒不如赶快工作而少活几年的好。” Erst als sie ihn wiederholt gebeten hatten sich doch etwas auszuruhen, setzte sich Lu Xun auf einen Rattanstuhl. Die jungen Leute sahen die Blässe in Lu Xuns Gesicht und drängten ihn, sich doch im Ausland auszukurieren. Lu Xun lächelte und sagte: „Leute wie ich können sich nicht erholen. Ich kann gar nicht anders als zu schreiben. Lieber nicht zu arbeiten und dafür ein paar Jahre länger zu leben, das ist nicht so gut, als bei der Arbeit keine Zeit zu verlieren und dafür einige Jahre weniger zu leben. "},{"id":51,"href":"/comics/niqiu/b-page-06/","title":"Page 06","section":"Niqiu Protects the Watermelons 泥鳅看瓜 (1974)","content":"\n泥鳅到了地理,总是闲不住,不是打瓜蔓,就是剜地蚕,嘴里还喊着:“沙瓤的大西瓜,谁吃谁甜掉牙!” At the patch, Niqiu always was busy. When he was not cutting the melon vines, he was picking out earthworms, all the while shouting: \u0026ldquo;A huge watermelon full of mushy pulp sweetens everyone\u0026rsquo;s life!\u0026rdquo; "},{"id":52,"href":"/comics/zhufu/b-page-06/","title":"Page 06","section":"The New Year's Sacrifice 祝福 (1974)","content":"\n日子很快的过去了,她的做工却毫没有松懈。人们都说鲁四老爷家里雇着了女工,实在比勤快的男人还勤快。到年底,扫尘,洗地,杀鸡,宰鹅,彻夜的煮福礼,全是一人担当,竟没有添短工。她的口角边渐渐的有了笑影,脸上也白胖了。 The days passed quickly, but her work never slacked off. Everyone said the female worker employed by Mr. Lu indeed was more diligent than a diligent man. By the end of the year, sweeping the dust, washing the ground, killing the chickens, slaughtering the geese, and preparing blessing ceremonies all night long, all of which were done by her alone without additional short-term helpers. The corners of her mouth gradually had a hint of a smile, her face also grew fairer and plumber. "},{"id":53,"href":"/comics/biao/b-page-07/","title":"Page 07","section":"The Watch 表 (1980)","content":"\n真是可笑极了。“傻瓜,”彼蒂加说,“我怎么能放你出去呢?我也是像你一样,关在这里的呀!” This was ridiculous! \u0026ldquo;You fool\u0026rdquo;, Petka said, \u0026ldquo;how can I let you out? I am locked up in here just like you!\u0026rdquo; "},{"id":54,"href":"/comics/luxun/maishudegushi/maishudegushi-page-07/","title":"Page 07","section":"1 Die Geschichte eines Buchkaufs 买书的故事","content":"\n坐在里面的鲁迅把这一切都看在眼里。他站起身慢慢地走了过来,亲切地看着这个青年,问道:“你要买这本书?”青年点头说:“很想买。” Lu Xun saß derweil im Inneren des Ladens und hatte dies alles mit angesehen. Jetzt stand er auf, ging langsam hinüber, sah den jungen Mann freundlich an und fragte: „Möchten Sie das Buch kaufen?\u0026quot; Der junge Mann nickte und antwortete: „Sehr gerne.\u0026quot; "},{"id":55,"href":"/comics/luxun/yifumukedegushi/b-page-07/","title":"Page 07","section":"2 Die Geschichte eines Holzschnitts 一幅木刻的故事","content":"\n在反动派的法庭上,伪法官气势汹汹地指着他刻的文学家肖像喝问:“这是谁?”他回答:“一个文学家。”法官嚎叫起来:“这明明是红军的军官,你还想赖?”于是,他被判了两年六个月的徒刑。 Im Jahr 1932, als der junge Mann gerade erst achtzehn Jahre alt gewesen war, hatte er unter dem Einfluss von Lu Xuns Initiative für den revolutionären Holzschnitt mit einigen anderen jungen Leuten eine Gesellschaft für auf die Beine gestellt. Einmal hatte er das Porträt eines ausländischen Schriftstellers geschnitzt, was von einem Spitzel entdeckt wurde. Er und zwei weitere junge Leute waren daraufhin festgenommen worden. "},{"id":56,"href":"/comics/luxun/zuihouyicixunli/b-page-07/","title":"Page 07","section":"3 Der letzte Besuch 最后一次巡礼","content":"\n接着,鲁迅把话题转到木刻上。他说:“创作,我是不会的,但介绍翻印之类,也还要干下去。”青年们清楚记得,鲁迅辛勤收集翻印了许多外国进步木刻画集,馈赠给他们。那一本本精美的木刻画集,浸透了鲁迅培育青年的多少心血! Anschließend wechselte Lu Xun das Thema zu den Holzschnitten. Er sagte: „Kunstwerke erschaffen, das kann ich nicht, aber ich werde weiter Nachdrucke und Ähnliches vorstellen.“ Die jungen Leute erinnerten sich noch genau daran, dass Lu Xun in mühsamer Arbeit viele fortschrittliche Holzschnittsammlungen aus dem Ausland zusammengetragen und nachgeduckt und ihnen diese dann geschenkt hatte. Jede dieser hochwertigen Holzschnittsammlungen war durchtränkt von Lu Xuns Herzblut zur Förderung der Jugend! "},{"id":57,"href":"/comics/niqiu/b-page-07/","title":"Page 07","section":"Niqiu Protects the Watermelons 泥鳅看瓜 (1974)","content":"\n由于泥鳅热心的收拾,又赶上雨水勤,瓜蔓爬满了地,小瓜又顶上来了,不到半月时间,个个长得比量米的柳条斗子还大。 Because of Niqiu\u0026rsquo;s enthusiastic work, and the frequent rainfalls, the melon vines crawled over the whole field and the small watermelons began to grow again. Before half a month had passed, they had all grown even bigger than Niqiu\u0026rsquo;s wicker basket. "},{"id":58,"href":"/comics/zhufu/b-page-07/","title":"Page 07","section":"The New Year's Sacrifice 祝福 (1974)","content":"\n新年才过,祥林嫂从河边淘米回来时,忽而失了色,说刚才远远的看见一个男人在对岸徘徊,很像夫家的堂伯,恐怕是正为寻她而来了。鲁四太太很惊疑,打听底细,她又不说。 Just after the new year, once when Xianglin\u0026rsquo;s wife came back from rinsing rice by the river, she suddenly went pale and said that she just saw from afar a man pacing up and down on the other side of the riverband, who looked very similar to her husband\u0026rsquo;s cousin. She was afraid that he had come to find her. Mrs. Lu was suspicious, but when she asked for details, Xianglin\u0026rsquo;s wife would not say anything. "},{"id":59,"href":"/comics/biao/b-page-08/","title":"Page 08","section":"The Watch 表 (1980)","content":"\n“局长同志,请您放我出去吧!你瞧,这是多好的一块金表呀!”果然,从板缝里伸过一只手,手掌里托着一块闪闪发光的金表。表链上还挂着各式各样的小玩艺。 \u0026ldquo;Comrade director, please let me free! Look at this wonderful golden watch!\u0026rdquo; Sure enough, there was a hand reaching through the gap in the wall. There was a twisting sparkling golden watch in its palm. All sorts of little charms were hanging on the watch chain. "},{"id":60,"href":"/comics/luxun/maishudegushi/maishudegushi-page-08/","title":"Page 08","section":"1 Die Geschichte eines Buchkaufs 买书的故事","content":"\n鲁迅从书架上抽出另一本书递给他:“你买这一本吧,这本书很好。”青年接过来一看,封面上印着“铁流”两个字,但一看定价:一元八角,便说:“我买不起,先生。如果钱够的话,我真想都买回去看看。” Lu Xun zog ein weiteres Buch aus dem Bücherregal und reichte es ihm: „Kaufen Sie doch dieses Buch. Es ist sehr gut.\u0026quot; Der junge Mann nahm es entgegen und warf einen Blick auf den Einband, auf dem der Titel Der eiserne Strom aufgedruckt war. Doch als er den Preis von einem Yuan und acht Jiao sah, sagte er: „Das kann ich mir nicht leisten, lieber Herr. Wenn ich genug Geld hätte, würde ich wirklich gerne beide Bücher mitnehmen und lesen.\u0026quot; "},{"id":61,"href":"/comics/luxun/yifumukedegushi/b-page-08/","title":"Page 08","section":"2 Die Geschichte eines Holzschnitts 一幅木刻的故事","content":"\n一九三五年初,青年受尽折磨之后出狱,在一个学校当教师。但他依然牢记着鲁迅的教导。业余,他又拿起了木刻刀。为了表彰鲁迅的战斗业绩,表达自己跟着鲁迅继续斗争的决心,他刻了这副木刻画。 Zu Beginn des Jahres 1935 war der junge Mann dann, nachdem er nach einem qualvollen Gefängnisaufenthalt entlassen worden war, Lehrer an einer Schule geworden. Aber er hatte sich immer noch ganz genau an Lu Xuns Unterweisungen erinnert. In seiner Freizeit nahm er wieder das Schnitzmesser zur Hand. Um die Erfolge von Lu Xuns Kampf zu ehren und seine eigene Entschlossenheit auszudrücken, dessen Kampf fortzusetzen, hatte er diesen Holzschnitt angefertigt. "},{"id":62,"href":"/comics/luxun/zuihouyicixunli/b-page-08/","title":"Page 08","section":"3 Der letzte Besuch 最后一次巡礼","content":"\n休息之后,鲁迅精神似乎好了些,又兴致勃勃地继续参观。他细心倾听着青年木刻作者的介绍,并随时提出自己的意见。鲁迅赞扬那些表现了工农群众斗争精神的作品,恳切地指出某些作品观察不深,刀法失当的缺点。 Nach der Pause ging es Lu Xun dem Anschein nach etwas besser und er setzte seinen Ausstellungsbesuch mit großer Begeisterung fort. Er hörte den Erklärungen der jungen Holzschnittkünstler aufmerksam zu und teilte ihnen immer wieder seine Ansichten dazu mit. Lu Xun lobte die Werke, die den Kampfgeist der Massen der Arbeiter und Bauern ausstrahlten, wies aber auch offen auf Mängel in einigen der Werke hin, wie etwa eine nur oberflächliche Beobachtungsgabe oder eine unzureichende Handfertigkeit beim Schnitzen. "},{"id":63,"href":"/comics/niqiu/b-page-08/","title":"Page 08","section":"Niqiu Protects the Watermelons 泥鳅看瓜 (1974)","content":"\n村里帮着泥鳅把熟了的西瓜及时摘下来,拉到集上卖掉,用卖瓜的钱给张大爷买药、治病。 The village people helped Niqiu pick the ripe watermelons in time and brought them to the market to sell them. With the money they earned, they bought medicine for Uncle Zhang and cured his injuries. "},{"id":64,"href":"/comics/zhufu/b-page-08/","title":"Page 08","section":"The New Year's Sacrifice 祝福 (1974)","content":"\n鲁四老爷一知道,就皱一皱眉,对四太太说:这不好。恐怕她是逃出来的! When Mr. Lu found out about this, he frowned and said to his wife: \u0026ldquo;This isn\u0026rsquo;t good. I\u0026rsquo;m afraid she ran away from her family!\u0026rdquo; "},{"id":65,"href":"/comics/biao/b-page-09/","title":"Page 09","section":"The Watch 表 (1980)","content":"\n彼蒂加清晰地听到那表滴答地响,他的心也跟着猛跳起来。“嘿,真走运!”他抓过表,快活得喘不过气,血忽地涌到小脑瓜里去了。 Petka could clearly hear the watch ticking, and his heart started to beat in time with the watch. \u0026ldquo;How lucky!\u0026rdquo; He grabbed the watch so happy he could hardly breathe, and suddenly the blood rushed to his head. "},{"id":66,"href":"/comics/luxun/maishudegushi/maishudegushi-page-09/","title":"Page 09","section":"1 Die Geschichte eines Buchkaufs 买书的故事","content":"\n鲁迅温和地问道:“一元钱你有没有?一元钱?”青年回答一声:“有!”不觉抬起头来看着鲁迅热情的眼光。 Lu Xun fragte gutmütig: „Hast du denn einen Yuan? Einen einzigen?\u0026quot; Der junge Mann antwortete: „Ja!\u0026quot; Unbewusst hob er den Kopf und schaute in Lu Xuns freundliche Augen. "},{"id":67,"href":"/comics/luxun/yifumukedegushi/b-page-09/","title":"Page 09","section":"2 Die Geschichte eines Holzschnitts 一幅木刻的故事","content":"\n一九三五年夏天,全国木刻联合会在上海举办展览会的时候,主持者向他征求作品。他怀着向反动派示威的心情,决定把这副木刻送去,“让那些吃人的人看看!” Im Sommer 1935, als die Nationale Holzschnitt-Vereinigung in Shanghai eine Ausstellung veranstaltete, hatten ihn die Veranstalter nach einem seiner Werke gefragt. Mit dem Gedanken daran, gegen die Reaktionäre zu protestieren, beschloss er, jenen Holzschnitt einzureichen, „um es diesen Menschenfressern zu zeigen!“ "},{"id":68,"href":"/comics/luxun/zuihouyicixunli/b-page-09/","title":"Page 09","section":"3 Der letzte Besuch 最后一次巡礼","content":"\n夜幕徐徐降临了,鲁迅这才和大家告别。青年们望着鲁迅渐渐远去的瘦弱身影,不禁想起他“横眉冷对千夫指,俯首甘为孺子牛”的著名诗句,想起他几十年的战斗历程。他们的眼眶湿润了。 Erst als langsam die Nacht hereinbrach, verabschiedete sich Lu Xun sich von allen. Und als die jungen Leute Lu Xuns schwacher und magerer Gestalt hinterherblickten, die sich nach und nach immer weiter entfernte, da mussten sie an einen berühmten Vers eines seiner Gedichte denken: „Mit grimmigem Blick biete ich tausend auf mich gerichteten Fingern die Stirn, mit gesenktem Kopf diene ich den Menschen“. Auch dachten sie an seinen jahrzehntelangen Kampf. Und ihre Augen waren voller Tränen. "},{"id":69,"href":"/comics/niqiu/b-page-09/","title":"Page 09","section":"Niqiu Protects the Watermelons 泥鳅看瓜 (1974)","content":"\n一天,泥鳅把一个熟透了的大西瓜摘下来,洑着水把瓜运到张大爷家里。 One day, Niqiu picked a very ripe watermelon. He took it to Uncle Zhang\u0026rsquo;s home by letting it float down the water. "},{"id":70,"href":"/comics/zhufu/b-page-09/","title":"Page 09","section":"The New Year's Sacrifice 祝福 (1974)","content":"\n此后大约十几天,卫老婆子忽而带了一个女人来了,说是祥林嫂的婆婆。那女人虽是山里人模样,然而应酬很从容,说她特地来叫她的儿媳回家去,因为开春事务忙,家中人手不够。 About ten days later, Old Wei suddenly brought a woman, saying that she was the mother-in-law of Xianglin\u0026rsquo;s wife. Although the woman looked like a peasant from the mountains, her social manner was very decent. She explained that she was here to take her daughter-in-law back home as her family was short of labor in the start of a busy spring. "},{"id":71,"href":"/comics/biao/b-page-10/","title":"Page 10","section":"The Watch 表 (1980)","content":"\n那醉汉顿着脚,好像给枪剌着一样大叫着:“救命呀!强盗……”彼蒂加吓坏了,紧紧抓着那块表。忽然,他想出了一个好主意。 The drunkard stomped his feet and yelled as if he had been stabbed: \u0026ldquo;Ah, help! Bandits\u0026hellip;\u0026rdquo; Petka was scared and held the watch tightly. All of a sudden, he had a good idea. "},{"id":72,"href":"/comics/luxun/maishudegushi/maishudegushi-page-10/","title":"Page 10","section":"1 Die Geschichte eines Buchkaufs 买书的故事","content":"\n鲁迅把两本书交到青年手里:“给你,两本书一元钱。”青年接过书,几乎不相信自己的耳朵,他目不转睛地看着站在面前的这个慈祥的老人,猛然想起在杂志上见过的鲁迅照片,高兴得[sic]跳起来:“您,您就是……” Lu Xun legte beide Bücher in die Hände des jungen Mannes: „Hier, zwei Bücher für einen Yuan.\u0026quot; Der junge Mann nahm die Bücher entgegen und konnte seinen Ohren kaum trauen. Unverwandt blickte er den gütigen alten Mann an, der vor ihm stand. Plötzlich erinnerte er sich an ein Foto von Lu Xun, das er in einer Zeitschrift gesehen hatte. Er sprang fröhlich auf: „Sie, Sie sind doch\u0026hellip;\u0026quot; "},{"id":73,"href":"/comics/luxun/yifumukedegushi/b-page-10/","title":"Page 10","section":"2 Die Geschichte eines Holzschnitts 一幅木刻的故事","content":"\n展览会正式展出前一天,国民党反动派市党部的老爷们来检查了。他们见到这幅木刻,仿佛就象[sic]受到鲁迅的严厉审判一样,害怕得[sic]发抖,哆嗦着说:“这,这幅画不行!”硬逼着主持人把这幅木刻剔去。 Einen Tag vor der offiziellen Eröffnung der Ausstellung kamen die Herrschaften vom städtischen Parteibüro der reaktionären Guomindang zur Inspektion der Ausstellungsstücke. Als sie den Holzschnitt sahen, erschauderten sie vor Angst, als empfingen sie das strenge Urteil von Lu Xun, und sagten zitternd: „Dieses da, dieses Bild geht nicht!\u0026quot; Und so zwangen sie die Veranstalter, das Bild wieder abzuhängen. "},{"id":74,"href":"/comics/niqiu/b-page-10/","title":"Page 10","section":"Niqiu Protects the Watermelons 泥鳅看瓜 (1974)","content":"\n这时,张大爷的病已好多了,他见泥鳅送了瓜来,便高兴得一骨碌坐起来。泥鳅抱着大西瓜,叫他尝尝。 By then, Uncle Zhang was feeling a lot better. When he saw Niqiu bringing the watermelon, he sat up, rejoicing. Niqiu held the huge watermelon in his arms and asked Uncle Zhang to try it. "},{"id":75,"href":"/comics/zhufu/b-page-10/","title":"Page 10","section":"The New Year's Sacrifice 祝福 (1974)","content":"\n鲁四老爷说:“既是她的婆婆要她回去,那有什么话可以说呢。”于是算清了工钱,祥林嫂一文没有用,都交给婆婆。那女人又取了衣服,道过谢,出去了。其实已经是正午。 Mr. Lu said, \u0026ldquo;now that her mother-in-law wants her to go home, what can we say?\u0026rdquo; Then they settled her wages. As Xianglin\u0026rsquo;s wife had not used a single coin, the entire sum was handed over to her mother-in-law. The woman picked up the clothes of Xianglin\u0026rsquo;s wife, thanked Mr. Lu, and then left. It was already midday. "},{"id":76,"href":"/comics/biao/b-page-11/","title":"Page 11","section":"The Watch 表 (1980)","content":"\n他把表链和那些小玩艺一起揪下来,塞进板缝:“喏,拿去!”那醉汉已经糊涂了,早把表忘记了。他接过表链,喃喃地说:“多谢!多谢!我的心肝!” He pulled off the chain with the charms and stuffed it through the gap: \u0026ldquo;Here, take it!\u0026rdquo; The drunkard was muddle-headed. He had already forgotten about the watch. He took the chain and murmured: \u0026ldquo;Thanks a lot! Thanks a lot! My precious!\u0026rdquo; "},{"id":77,"href":"/comics/luxun/maishudegushi/maishudegushi-page-11/","title":"Page 11","section":"1 Die Geschichte eines Buchkaufs 买书的故事","content":"\n鲁迅微笑着点了点头,对他说:“这本《铁流》因为是另一位先生翻译的,所以收回一点成本;我那一本,是送给你的。”青年抑制不住内心的激动,眼眶里滚动着泪花,连忙掏出那枚带着体温的银元,放到鲁迅手里。 Lu Xun nickte lächelnd und sagte zu ihm: „Dieses Buch Der eiserne Strom hat ein anderer Herr übersetzt, daher muss ich von dir einen Teil der Kosten dafür einziehen. Das von mir übersetzte Buch aber schenke ich dir.\u0026quot; Der junge Mann konnte seine innere Aufregung nicht mehr verbergen, sodass ihm Tränen in die Augen stiegen. Eilig zog er die Silbermünze, die noch seine Körperwärme trug, heraus und legte sie Lu Xun in die Hand. "},{"id":78,"href":"/comics/luxun/yifumukedegushi/b-page-11/","title":"Page 11","section":"2 Die Geschichte eines Holzschnitts 一幅木刻的故事","content":"\n展览会开幕了,青年找遍整个会场,没有发现他刻的《鲁迅像》。他向展览会主持人询问,主持人从抽屉里取出那幅《鲁迅像》,把国民党反动派检查老爷的卑劣行径告诉他,深情地说:“要知道,这是火,一团炽热的火啊!” Die Ausstellung wurde eröffnet und der junge Mann suchte den gesamten Veranstaltungsort ab, konnte sein Lu Xun Porträt aber nicht finden. Er fragte den Ausstellungsleiter danach, dieser das Bild holte aus einer Schublade und erzählte ihm von der niederträchtigen Aktion der Inspekteure der Reaktionäre der Guomindang. Er sagte mitfühlend: „Du musst wissen, das ist Feuer, glühend heißes Feuer!“ "},{"id":79,"href":"/comics/niqiu/b-page-11/","title":"Page 11","section":"Niqiu Protects the Watermelons 泥鳅看瓜 (1974)","content":"\n张大爷接过瓜,把瓜贴在耳朵上,听了又拍,拍了又听,嘴里不住称赞:“好瓜!好瓜!这瓜给多少钱也不卖,留着做种。” After Uncle Zhang took the melon, he held it very close to his ear, listening and patting, patting and listening. He could not stop praising: \u0026ldquo;Such a good watermelon! Such a good watermelon! No matter how much money they give us, we\u0026rsquo;re not selling this one. We keep it for making seeds.\u0026rdquo; "},{"id":80,"href":"/comics/zhufu/b-page-11/","title":"Page 11","section":"The New Year's Sacrifice 祝福 (1974)","content":"\n好一会,四太太这才惊叫起来:“啊呀,米呢?祥林嫂不是去淘米的么?”于是大家分头寻淘箩。四太太先到厨下,再到堂前,后到卧房,全不见淘箩的影子。 After a while, Mrs. Lu cried out, \u0026ldquo;Ah, where is the rice? Didn\u0026rsquo;t Xianglin\u0026rsquo;s wife go out to rinse the rice?\u0026rdquo; People scattered up to look for the rice basket. Mrs. Lu checked the kitchen, then the hall, afterwards the bedroom, but she didn\u0026rsquo;t see even a shadow of it. "},{"id":81,"href":"/comics/biao/b-page-12/","title":"Page 12","section":"The Watch 表 (1980)","content":"\n太阳在窗外放光,表在彼蒂加手里发亮。他想:聪明人说得对,因祸得福。这表值五十卢布……把它卖了,我得买个白面包,还有猪油、香肠、靴子、带条纹的汗衫…… The sun was shining outside the window, and the watch was gleaming in Petka\u0026rsquo;s hand. He thought: \u0026ldquo;The wise man was right about gaining profit by misfortune. This watch is worth 50 Roubles… after selling it, I\u0026rsquo;ll buy myself white bread and lard, sausages, boots, and also a striped undershirt…\u0026rdquo; "},{"id":82,"href":"/comics/luxun/maishudegushi/maishudegushi-page-12/","title":"Page 12","section":"1 Die Geschichte eines Buchkaufs 买书的故事","content":"\n青年有多少话要跟鲁迅说啊,可是一时不知从哪里说起。他深情地看了鲁迅一眼,恭敬地鞠了一个躬,把那两本凝结着深厚革命情谊的书小心地装进帆布袋,匆匆地走出了店门。 Der junge Mann wollte Lu Xun so viel sagen, doch in dem Moment wusste er nicht, wo er anfangen sollte. Er schaute Lu Xun mit tiefer Zuneigung an, verbeugte sich respektvoll, steckte die beiden Bücher, die von einer tiefen revolutionären Freundschaft zeugten, vorsichtig in seine Leinentasche und verließ schnellen Schrittes den Laden. "},{"id":83,"href":"/comics/luxun/yifumukedegushi/b-page-12/","title":"Page 12","section":"2 Die Geschichte eines Holzschnitts 一幅木刻的故事","content":"\n青年拿回了这幅被禁止展出的木刻,把它珍藏在箱子里。过了些时候,他打开箱子,忽然想到:为什么不把这幅木刻寄给鲁迅先生看看,把它的遭遇告诉鲁迅先生呢?于是他立即写了一封信,连同这幅木刻,一起寄给了鲁迅。 Der junge Mann hatte das von der Ausstellung verbannte Bild zurückgenommen und gut in einer Kiste versteckt. Nach einiger Zeit öffnete er die Kiste wieder und hatte plötzlich eine Idee: Warum sollte er das Bild nicht an Lu Xun schicken und ihm erzählen, was dem Bild widerfahren ist? Also schrieb er sofort einen Brief und schickte ihn gemeinsam mit dem Bild an Lu Xun. "},{"id":84,"href":"/comics/niqiu/b-page-12/","title":"Page 12","section":"Niqiu Protects the Watermelons 泥鳅看瓜 (1974)","content":"\n泥鳅拿起刀,在西瓜把儿上,“嗖” 地一旋,碗大的一块西瓜皮掉下来,露出鸡冠子色的沙瓤,瓤里包着油亮亮的黑籽。他们都用小勺挖着吃,把西瓜籽吐出来留作籽用。 Niqiu picked up a knife, and \u0026ndash; WHOOSH \u0026ndash; let it down on the watermelon. A large piece of the watermelon fell off and revealed the cockscomb-coloured melon pulp, which was covered with shiny black seeds. They both dug out some pulp with small spoons and ate it, spitting out the watermelon seeds in order to use them as seeds. "},{"id":85,"href":"/comics/zhufu/b-page-12/","title":"Page 12","section":"The New Year's Sacrifice 祝福 (1974)","content":"\n四老爷踱出门外,也不见,直到河边,才见淘箩平平正正的放在岸上,旁边还有一株菜。 Mr. Lu checked outside, and did not find any trace of it either. He finally found it placed neatly on the river bank, with a bunch of vegetables next to it. "},{"id":86,"href":"/comics/biao/b-page-13/","title":"Page 13","section":"The Watch 表 (1980)","content":"\n一切都很好。只有一样不好,就是像罐子里的老鼠一样被关住了。“不要紧!”他安慰自己,“晚上,市场一收摊子,他们就放我了。”可是时间又是多么长呀!太阳简直一点儿也不着急。 Everything was fine. Only one thing was not fine, to be locked up like a mouse in a jar. \u0026ldquo;Never mind!\u0026rdquo; He comforted himself, \u0026ldquo;in the evening, once the market closes, they will let me go.\u0026rdquo; But how slowly the time passed! The sun was not in a hurry at all. "},{"id":87,"href":"/comics/luxun/maishudegushi/maishudegushi-page-13/","title":"Page 13","section":"1 Die Geschichte eines Buchkaufs 买书的故事","content":"\n鲁迅送到门口。秋风卷着细雨,飘洒在他的脸上,凉丝丝的,可是手上那枚带着体温的银元,却使他心里感到无限温暖。他久久地凝视着那个青年工人冒雨远去的背影…… Lu Xun begleitete ihn bis zur Tür. Durch den Herbstwind wehte ihm der Nieselregen ins Gesicht. Es war kühl, doch die noch warme Silbermünze in seiner Hand erfüllte sein Herz mit grenzenloser Wärme. Lange blickte er dem jungen Arbeiter hinterher, wie er im Regen verschwand\u0026hellip; "},{"id":88,"href":"/comics/luxun/yifumukedegushi/b-page-13/","title":"Page 13","section":"2 Die Geschichte eines Holzschnitts 一幅木刻的故事","content":"\n鲁迅看了信和木刻,十分气愤。他立即给这个青年写了回信,信上写道:“我要保存这一幅画,一者是因为是遭过艰难的青年的作品,二是因为留着党老爷的蹄痕,三,则由此也纪念一点现在的黑暗和挣扎。” Als Lu Xun nun den Brief las und das Bild ansah, wurde er sehr wütend. Er verfasste sofort eine Antwort an den jungen Mann. Darin schrieb er: „Ich werde dieses Bild aufbewahren, erstens weil es das Werk eines jungen Mannes ist, der so viel erleiden musste, zweitens weil darauf die Inspekteure der Guomindang mit ihren Klauen Spuren hinterlassen haben und drittens auch zum Gedenken an die Dunkelheit und die Mühen der heutigen Zeit.“ "},{"id":89,"href":"/comics/niqiu/b-page-13/","title":"Page 13","section":"Niqiu Protects the Watermelons 泥鳅看瓜 (1974)","content":"\n吃完瓜,泥鳅抱着掏空了的大西瓜皮,在西瓜皮上挖了两个小洞,把西瓜皮往头上一套,象个大头娃娃似的,扭搭起秧歌,到坑沿上去了。 After eating the melon, Niqiu held the hollowed-out watermelon skin, cut two small holes into it and put the watermelon peel on his head, so he looked like a big-headed doll. Dancing a Yangge, he went to the edge of the water pond. "},{"id":90,"href":"/comics/zhufu/b-page-13/","title":"Page 13","section":"The New Year's Sacrifice 祝福 (1974)","content":"\n看见的人报告说,河里面上午就停了一只白篷船,篷是全盖起来的。待到祥林嫂出来淘米,刚刚要跪下去,船里便突然跳出两个男人来,像是山里人,一个抱住她,一个帮着,拖进船去。 Bystanders reported that there had been a boat moored on the river since the morning, fully covered with a white canopy. When Xianglin\u0026rsquo;s wife knelt down to wash the rice, two men looking like peasants from the mountains suddenly jumped out of the boat. One man caught her and, with the help of the other, dragged her into the boat. "},{"id":91,"href":"/comics/biao/b-page-14/","title":"Page 14","section":"The Watch 表 (1980)","content":"\n他又仔细看了看那表,才把它塞在破烂的裤袋里。为了牢靠,他把袋子打了一个结。不一会儿,们锁响了,一个警察走进来叫他出去。彼蒂加高兴地跳了起来,提一提裤子,跟着警察走出禁闭室。 Carefully, he looked at the watch and put it into the pocket of his tattered trousers. Just in case, he tied the pocket with a knot. After a while, the door opened, a policeman walked in and called him out. Rejoicing, Petka jumped up, pulled up his pants and followed the policeman out of the guardroom. "},{"id":92,"href":"/comics/luxun/yifumukedegushi/b-page-14/","title":"Page 14","section":"2 Die Geschichte eines Holzschnitts 一幅木刻的故事","content":"\n不久,这个青年受鲁迅的邀请,来到鲁迅寓所,和鲁迅亲切交谈。鲁迅询问他的身世,青年向鲁迅倾诉多年来郁积在心中的愤恨和不平,也把一九三二年被国民党反动派逮捕和监禁的经过告诉了鲁迅。 Nicht viel später erhielt der junge Mann Lu Xuns Einladung, ihn zu Hause zu besuchen und mit ihm ein persönliches Gespräch zu führen. Lu Xun fragte ihn zu seinem harten Los, und der junge Mann vertraute ihm die seit Jahren in ihm schwelende Verbitterung und seinen Kummer an, auch von der Festnahme und Inhaftierung durch die Reaktionäre der Guomindang im Jahr 1932 erzählte er Lu Xun. "},{"id":93,"href":"/comics/niqiu/b-page-14/","title":"Page 14","section":"Niqiu Protects the Watermelons 泥鳅看瓜 (1974)","content":"\n泥鳅来到了水坑边上,水坑里有很多洗澡玩的孩子,扑通扑通地打着水。泥鳅悄悄地往水里一钻,只有一个套在头上的大西瓜皮留在水面上。 When Niqiu came to the edge of the water pond, a lot of children were washing and playing in the water, splashing the water. Niqiu quietly waded into the water, only the watermelon peel was visible on the surface. "},{"id":94,"href":"/comics/zhufu/b-page-14/","title":"Page 14","section":"The New Year's Sacrifice 祝福 (1974)","content":"\n又说,祥林嫂还哭喊了几声,此后便再也没有什么声息,大约给用什么堵住了罢。接着就走上两个女人来,一个不认识,一个就是卫老婆子。窥探舱里,不很分明,祥林嫂像是捆了躺在船板上。 They continued to report, that Xianglin\u0026rsquo;s wife cried out a few times and then fell into silence. Her mouth was probably stuffed by something. Afterwards, two women appeared, one of them unknown, the other one Old Wei. The bystanders peeped in. It was not quite clear, but Xianglin\u0026rsquo;s wife seemed to be tied up lying on the deck. "},{"id":95,"href":"/comics/biao/b-page-15/","title":"Page 15","section":"The Watch 表 (1980)","content":"\n彼蒂加被带进局长办公室。“你好!小扒手。”局长问,“你什么时候生的?”“不知道,可是我十一岁了。”“好像是第七次到我这儿来做客吧?我的判决是原谅你年幼无知,送你到少年教养院去。”彼帝加的头嗡的一声胀大了。 Petka was taken into the chief's office. \u0026ldquo;Hello, little pickpocket! When were you born?\u0026rdquo; The chief asked. \u0026ldquo;I don\u0026rsquo;t know, but I am eleven years old.\u0026rdquo; - \u0026ldquo;You seem to be my guest for the seventh time? My decision is to forgive you your youth and ignorance, and send you to the reformatory.\u0026rdquo; Petka\u0026rsquo;s head started to buzz. "},{"id":96,"href":"/comics/luxun/yifumukedegushi/b-page-15/","title":"Page 15","section":"2 Die Geschichte eines Holzschnitts 一幅木刻的故事","content":"\n鲁迅听完这个青年的诉说,愤慨地说:“为了刻一张文学家的像,得了这样的罪,这是大黑暗,也是大笑话。”青年苦笑一下,说:“这次坐牢倒给我增加了不少知识,使我见到了那么多残酷刑罚,真是惨不忍睹……” Als Lu Xun den Bericht des jungen Mannes angehört hatte, sagte er entrüstet: „Für das Schnitzen eines Schriftsteller-Porträts eine solche Strafe zu erhalten, das ist wirklich düster, aber auch total lächerlich.“ Der junge Mann lachte bitter auf und sagte: „Im Gefängnis habe ich unerwarteterweise vieles gelernt. Ich habe so viele brutale Strafen gesehen, es war wirklich nicht auszuhalten…“ "},{"id":97,"href":"/comics/niqiu/b-page-15/","title":"Page 15","section":"Niqiu Protects the Watermelons 泥鳅看瓜 (1974)","content":"\n一个孩子眼尖,站在水里喊道:“看那有个大西瓜,大西瓜!”一个猛子游过去,要去打捞大西瓜。 One of the children had sharp eyes. He stood in the water and shouted: \u0026ldquo;Look, there\u0026rsquo;s a huge watermelon, a huge watermelon!\u0026rdquo;, a courageous child swam over to get the huge watermelon out of the water. "},{"id":98,"href":"/comics/zhufu/b-page-15/","title":"Page 15","section":"The New Year's Sacrifice 祝福 (1974)","content":"\n午饭之后,卫老婆子又来了。四老爷说:“可恶!”四太太愤愤地说:“你自己荐她来,又合伙劫她去,成个什么样子?你拿我们家里开玩笑么?” Old Wei came again after lunch. Mr. Lu said, \u0026ldquo;How dreadful is this!\u0026rdquo; Mrs. Lu said angrily, \u0026ldquo;It was you yourself who recommended her to work here, and now you just helped others to kidnap her back, what is this? Are you trying to make a joke out of our family?\u0026rdquo; "},{"id":99,"href":"/comics/biao/b-page-16/","title":"Page 16","section":"The Watch 表 (1980)","content":"\n更糟糕的是,局长命令警察搜他的身。他想:从此永远分手了,我的宝贝表!幸亏警察嫌脏,不肯动手。 To make matters worse, the chief ordered the policeman to search his body. He thought: \u0026ldquo;Farewell forever, my beloved watch.\u0026rdquo; Fortunately, the policeman disliked filth and was unwilling to move. "},{"id":100,"href":"/comics/luxun/yifumukedegushi/b-page-16/","title":"Page 16","section":"2 Die Geschichte eines Holzschnitts 一幅木刻的故事","content":"\n“最惨的是和我关在同一房间里的一个年青农民。反动派说他是红军军长,把缝衣针插进他的指甲缝里,插了一只又一只,十个指头都插满了,但是他至死不招。到现在,他那坚贞不屈的形象,还时刻浮现在我的眼前。” „Am Schlimmsten erging es einem jungen Bauern, der mit mir in eine Zelle gesperrt war. Die Reaktionäre meinten, er wäre ein Offizier der Roten Armee, und so bohrten sie ihm Nähnadeln unter die Fingernägel, eine Nadel nach der anderen, an allen zehn Fingern, aber bis er starb, gab er kein Geständnis ab. Bis zum heutigen Tag ist mir sein entschlossener und unbeugsamer Ausdruck noch immer vor Augen.“ "},{"id":101,"href":"/comics/niqiu/b-page-16/","title":"Page 16","section":"Niqiu Protects the Watermelons 泥鳅看瓜 (1974)","content":"\n其他的孩子也看到了,停止了“捉水猫猫”的游戏,都去捞那个大西瓜。西瓜在水面上一浮一浮的,孩子们追的快,瓜也游的快。 Other children also saw it, so they stopped the game of \u0026ldquo;catch the water cat\u0026rdquo; and went to catch the huge watermelon. The watermelon was floating on the surface. As the children were chasing it fast, it was also swimming fast. "},{"id":102,"href":"/comics/zhufu/b-page-16/","title":"Page 16","section":"The New Year's Sacrifice 祝福 (1974)","content":"\n卫老婆子连忙说:“啊呀啊呀! 我真上当。对不起,四老爷,四太太。她来求我荐地方,我哪里料得到是瞒着她的婆婆的呢。这一回我一定荐一个好的来折罪……。” Old Wei answered hurriedly, \u0026ldquo;Ah, ah! I was fooled. I apologize for this, Mr. and Mrs. Lu. She had come to me and begged for a work recommendation. How could I have known that she concealed this from her mother-in-law? Next time, I will find someone better to make up for the mistake.\u0026rdquo; "},{"id":103,"href":"/comics/biao/b-page-17/","title":"Page 17","section":"The Watch 表 (1980)","content":"\n局长对警察说:“不搜也罢,这不关紧要。你带上公文,把这小浪子交给少年教养院去。”警察把公文塞在皮包里,对彼蒂加说:“流浪儿,走吧!”彼蒂加庆幸地一提裤子,迈开大步便走。 The chief said to the policeman: \u0026ldquo;Don\u0026rsquo;t search, it doesn't matter. Take this document and bring this little hooligan to the reformatory.\u0026rdquo; The policeman stuffed the document into his briefcase and turned to Petka: \u0026ldquo;Hooligan, let's go!\u0026rdquo; Happily, Petka pulled up his pants and followed with big steps. "},{"id":104,"href":"/comics/luxun/yifumukedegushi/b-page-17/","title":"Page 17","section":"2 Die Geschichte eines Holzschnitts 一幅木刻的故事","content":"\n青年还告诉鲁迅,他虽然被释放了,但还是很不自由,经常受到特务的监视,很感痛苦。鲁迅鼓励他说:“人生现在实在苦痛,但是我们总要战取光明,即使自己遇不到,也可以留给后来的!我们就这样的[sic]活下去吧!” Der Jugendliche erzählte Lu Xun außerdem noch, dass er, obwohl er freigelassen wurde, trotzdem nicht sehr frei war und häufig von Spitzeln einer Spezialeinheit überwacht wurde, was ihn sehr quälte. Lu Xun sagte ermunternd zu ihm: „Das Leben heutzutage ist in der Tat eine Qual. Dennoch sollten wir stets zuversichtlich bleiben, und auch wenn wir gewisse Dinge nicht erreichen können, so können wir sie jenen übertragen, die nach uns kommen werden. Lass uns nach dieser Maxime weiterleben!“ "},{"id":105,"href":"/comics/niqiu/b-page-17/","title":"Page 17","section":"Niqiu Protects the Watermelons 泥鳅看瓜 (1974)","content":"\n一个机灵的孩子停住了,喊道:“别追了,这西瓜有 '鬼',这是引咱们往深水里去,好淹死我们。”孩子们都害怕了,不敢再追。 A clever child stopped and yelled: \u0026ldquo;Stop chasing, there\u0026rsquo;s a ghost in this watermelon, it\u0026rsquo;s leading us into the deep water to drown us.\u0026rdquo; The children got scared and did not dare to continue their chase. "},{"id":106,"href":"/comics/zhufu/b-page-17/","title":"Page 17","section":"The New Year's Sacrifice 祝福 (1974)","content":"\n原来祥林嫂瞒着她婆婆出来做工, 她婆婆要给小儿子娶媳妇,不把她嫁了就没有钱做聘礼,所以把她许给了贺家墺的贺老六。祥林嫂回家之后,她婆婆就逼她上轿。 As it turned out, Xianglin\u0026rsquo;s wife had left for work without telling her mother-in-law. Her mother-in-law wanted to find a wife for her younger son, and without the income from marrying her off they could not afford to pay the bride price. Xianglin's wife was thus promised to He Laoliu of Hejia Village. After Xianglin\u0026rsquo;s wife came home, her mother-in-law forced her to enter the bridal sedan chair. "},{"id":107,"href":"/comics/biao/b-page-18/","title":"Page 18","section":"The Watch 表 (1980)","content":"\n他们穿过热闹的市场,彼蒂加只有一个念头:跑掉!他的心思被警察看透了:“想溜掉吗?那就跑吧!”可他却一本正经的说:“我才不跑呢!即使打死我,我也不跑。” As they crossed the lively market, Petka only had one thought: \u0026ldquo;Run away!\u0026rdquo; The policeman read his mind. \u0026ldquo;Want to slip away? Just run away then!\u0026rdquo; But he answered seriously: \u0026ldquo;I won\u0026rsquo;t run away! Even if you beat me to death, I won\u0026rsquo;t run away.\u0026rdquo; "},{"id":108,"href":"/comics/luxun/yifumukedegushi/b-page-18/","title":"Page 18","section":"2 Die Geschichte eines Holzschnitts 一幅木刻的故事","content":"\n青年望着鲁迅坚定的目光,浑身热血沸腾,心里默默地说:“鲁迅先生,我一定听从您的教导,要战取光明,要这样活下去!”鲁迅又对青年说:“我要将你刚才说的情况写一篇文章,中国不能发表,就拿到外国去!” Der junge Mann sah den entschlossenen Blick Lu Xuns, in ihm brodelte heißes Blut und innerlich sagte er zu ihm: „Werter Herr Lu Xun, ich werde Ihren Rat auf jeden Fall befolgen, zuversichtlich bleiben und genauso weiterleben!” Lu Xun wandte sich noch einmal an ihn und sagte: „Ich werde über alles, was du mir gerade erzählt hast, einen Artikel schreiben, und wenn er in China nicht erscheinen darf, dann eben im Ausland!“ "},{"id":109,"href":"/comics/niqiu/b-page-18/","title":"Page 18","section":"Niqiu Protects the Watermelons 泥鳅看瓜 (1974)","content":"\n孩子们都上了岸,眼巴巴的看着这个大西瓜。泥鳅从小洞里看见他们害怕的样子,不由得想笑。 The children all went ashore, looking anxiously at the huge watermelon. Niqiu watched their frightened expressions through the small holes in the watermelon and could not help wanting to laugh. "},{"id":110,"href":"/comics/zhufu/b-page-18/","title":"Page 18","section":"The New Year's Sacrifice 祝福 (1974)","content":"\n祥林嫂不依,她婆婆就叫小儿子把她用绳子一捆,塞在花轿里。祥林嫂一路只是嚎,骂,花轿抬到贺家墺,她喉咙已经全哑了。 Xianglin\u0026rsquo;s wife would not comply, so her mother-in-law told the younger son to tie her up with a rope and shove her into the sedan chair. Xianglin\u0026rsquo;s wife howled and cursed the whole way, so by the time they arrived at Hejia Village, she was completely hoarse. "},{"id":111,"href":"/comics/biao/b-page-19/","title":"Page 19","section":"The Watch 表 (1980)","content":"\n警察走得口渴了,正好跟过一个叫“米兰”的茶馆,他叫彼蒂加一同进去喝茶,彼蒂加不肯。警察说:“我知道你是不跑的,你是一个乖小子……”他让彼蒂加在外边等着,自己进去了。 The policeman walked and became thirsty, just as they passed by a teahouse called \u0026ldquo;Milan\u0026rdquo;. He asked Petka to go in together to drink some tea, but Petka refused. The policeman said: \u0026ldquo;I know you won\u0026rsquo;t run away. You\u0026rsquo;re a good boy…\u0026rdquo; He left Petka waiting outside and went in by himself. "},{"id":112,"href":"/comics/luxun/yifumukedegushi/b-page-19/","title":"Page 19","section":"2 Die Geschichte eines Holzschnitts 一幅木刻的故事","content":"\n青年走后,鲁迅的心情久久不能平静。窗外一片漆黑,夜已深了。他提笔疾书。他要向全世界披露中国历史上最黑暗的一页,告诉人们中国的革命者正在这黑暗里浴血奋斗。于是,一篇犀利的杂文《写于深夜里》在斗争中诞生了。 Nachdem der junge Mann gegangen war, kam Lu Xun lange nicht zur Ruhe. Vor seinem Fenster war es stockdunkel, es war schon mitten in der Nacht. Er nahm einen Stift zur Hand und schrieb schnell. Er wollte für die ganze Welt eine der dunkelsten Seiten der Geschichte Chinas enthüllen und den Menschen erzählen, dass sich die chinesischen Revolutionäre in einem blutigen Kampf befanden. So wurde der scharfsinnige Essay mit dem Titel “In tiefer Nacht geschrieben” aus dem Kampf heraus geboren. "},{"id":113,"href":"/comics/niqiu/b-page-19/","title":"Page 19","section":"Niqiu Protects the Watermelons 泥鳅看瓜 (1974)","content":"\n他手一按,脚一踩,半个身子露出水面来。他晃着西瓜头,高兴地唱起了秧歌调。 He pushed with his hands, stomped with his feet and the upper part of his body emerged from the water. He shook his watermelon head and happily began to sing a Yangge tune. "},{"id":114,"href":"/comics/zhufu/b-page-19/","title":"Page 19","section":"The New Year's Sacrifice 祝福 (1974)","content":"\n拉出轿来,贺老六的哥哥和祥林嫂的小叔子使劲的擒住她,也还拜不成天地。 After being pulled out of the sedan chair, He Laoliu\u0026rsquo;s brother and her late husband\u0026rsquo;s brother exerted all their strength to restrain her, nonetheless they still could not make her complete the kowtows of the wedding ceremony. "},{"id":115,"href":"/comics/biao/b-page-20/","title":"Page 20","section":"The Watch 表 (1980)","content":"\n彼蒂加二话没说拔脚就跑。他像插上了翅膀,转过街角,狂奔飞跑,心都快要从胸口里跳出来了。往哪儿去呢?他自己也不知道。 Without another word, Petka turned around and ran. He seemed to have grown wings, he turned around the corner and his heart was about to jump out of his chest. Where should he go? He did not know himself. "},{"id":116,"href":"/comics/niqiu/b-page-20/","title":"Page 20","section":"Niqiu Protects the Watermelons 泥鳅看瓜 (1974)","content":"\n小伙伴二嘎子听出是泥鳅的声音,便一挥手喊起来:“走哇!打这个大头鬼!” 于是十几个孩子一齐跳下水,朝泥鳅追去。 When Little Ergazi recognized Niqiu\u0026rsquo;s voice, he waved his hand and shouted: \u0026ldquo;Let\u0026rsquo;s go! Beat this big-headed ghost!\u0026rdquo; Following that, a dozen children collectively jumped into the water and chased after Niqiu. "},{"id":117,"href":"/comics/zhufu/b-page-20/","title":"Page 20","section":"The New Year's Sacrifice 祝福 (1974)","content":"\n他们一不小心,一松手,祥林嫂就一头撞在香案角上,头上碰了一个大窟窿,鲜血直流,用了两把香灰,包上两块红布还止不住血。 When they, for a second, accidentally loosened their grip, Xianglin\u0026rsquo;s wife rammed her head into the corner of the incense burner table. She struck a large hole into her head, and fresh blood was flowing. They put two handfuls of incense ash on the wound and wrapped it with two pieces of red cloth, but they still could not stop the blood flow. "},{"id":118,"href":"/comics/biao/b-page-21/","title":"Page 21","section":"The Watch 表 (1980)","content":"\n他终于在街市的尽头站住了。回头望望没有人追踪,心想:到底跑掉了! 现在我自由了! 他想起了表,用手一摸,哎呀! 表不在了,连袋子也没了。他灰心丧气,差一点哭出来。 Finally, he stopped at the end of the market. He turned around and saw that no one was following him, thinking: \u0026ldquo;In the end I got away! Now I\u0026rsquo;m free!\u0026rdquo; He remembered the watch and felt for it. OH NO! The watch was gone, even his pocket had disappeared. He was so disheartened that he almost began to cry. "},{"id":119,"href":"/comics/niqiu/b-page-21/","title":"Page 21","section":"Niqiu Protects the Watermelons 泥鳅看瓜 (1974)","content":"\n一群孩子对付泥鳅一个人,在水里打起水仗来。烂泥从四面八方向他扔来,打得西瓜皮咚咚直响,泥鳅转着圈儿迎击。 It was a bunch of kids against Niqiu alone, starting a battle in the water. Mud was thrown at Niqiu from all directions, hitting the watermelon skin with a thud. Niqiu, spinning in circles, retaliated. "},{"id":120,"href":"/comics/zhufu/b-page-21/","title":"Page 21","section":"The New Year's Sacrifice 祝福 (1974)","content":"\n直到他们七手八脚地将她和贺老六反关在新房里,她还是骂。 Even when they, with many other people lending hands, finally managed to lock her and He Laoliu up in the bridal chamber, she still kept on cursing. "},{"id":121,"href":"/comics/biao/b-page-22/","title":"Page 22","section":"The Watch 表 (1980)","content":"\n他循着原路回去找,可连表的影子也没看到。快到“米兰”茶馆时,他的眼睛突然一亮,马路上躺着装着表的袋子,他弯腰拾起袋子,哈! 表还在呢! He went back the same way, but he did not even see a shadow of his watch. When he had almost reached the \u0026ldquo;Milan\u0026rdquo; teahouse, his eyes suddenly brightened, as he saw the pocket with the watch in it. He bent down to pick it up. HA! The watch was still there! "},{"id":122,"href":"/comics/niqiu/b-page-22/","title":"Page 22","section":"Niqiu Protects the Watermelons 泥鳅看瓜 (1974)","content":"\n打了一阵,泥鳅使了个空城计,他悄悄地把头从瓜皮里退出来,一个猛子扎到大苇塘里,掏水鸟蛋去了,他的小伙伴们还向瓜皮上扔泥呢。 After fighting for a while, Niqiu made a feint. He carefully backed his head away from the watermelon, rapidly went into the big reed pond and went to dig for waterbird eggs. His comrades were still throwing mud at the watermelon skin. "},{"id":123,"href":"/comics/zhufu/b-page-22/","title":"Page 22","section":"The New Year's Sacrifice 祝福 (1974)","content":"\n后来,祥林嫂到底拗不过,这才依顺了。贺老六有的是力气,会做活,房子是自家的,上头又没有婆婆,别人都说她交了好运。到年底,她就生了一个胖儿子,取名阿毛。 At last, Xianglin\u0026rsquo;s wife was unable to resist any longer, and she obeyed. He Laoliu had strength, he could work, the house was his family\u0026rsquo;s, and there was no mother-in-law over her head, so others said that she hit the jackpot. At the end of the year, she gave birth to a plump son named Ah Mao. "},{"id":124,"href":"/comics/biao/b-page-23/","title":"Page 23","section":"The Watch 表 (1980)","content":"\n这时警察从茶馆里出来了:“好!你毕竟等着,真是好样儿的!”他拿出一块甜饼递给彼蒂加。随后,他们继续向教养院走去。 Right at that moment, the policeman stepped out of the teahouse: \u0026ldquo;Good! You\u0026rsquo;ve waited after all. What a good boy!\u0026rdquo; He took out a piece of sweet cake and handed it to Petka. After this, they continued their walk to the reformatory. "},{"id":125,"href":"/comics/niqiu/b-page-23/","title":"Page 23","section":"Niqiu Protects the Watermelons 泥鳅看瓜 (1974)","content":"\n忽然坑西边有人大声喊:“敌人来啦!”孩子们一听,赶忙上岸钻进了高粱地。 Suddenly, someone screamed from the west of the pond: \u0026ldquo;The enemies are coming!\u0026rdquo; As soon as the children heard that, they hurriedly went ashore and slipped into the sorghum field. "},{"id":126,"href":"/comics/zhufu/b-page-23/","title":"Page 23","section":"The New Year's Sacrifice 祝福 (1974)","content":"\n不料过了三年,贺老六染上伤寒症,本来已经好了的,吃了一碗冷饭,复发了,年纪青青的丧了命。 Unexpectedly, after three years, He Laoliu caught typhoid fever. He had already recovered, but after eating a bowl of cold rice, he relapsed and died at a young age. "},{"id":127,"href":"/comics/biao/b-page-24/","title":"Page 24","section":"The Watch 表 (1980)","content":"\n不多时,他们来到教养院。教养院的房子全是绿顶白墙,窗户带着罩窗,还有个院子,右头围墙,一重大门。彼蒂加叹了一口气。他想,这监牢似的教养院,谁能从这儿逃走呢? Before long, they arrived at the reformatory. The building of the reformatory had a green roof and white walls. The windows had curtains and there was a yard. On the right side of the fence, there was a heavy gate. Petka sighed. He thought: \u0026ldquo;This reformatory is like a prison, who can escape from here?\u0026rdquo; "},{"id":128,"href":"/comics/niqiu/b-page-24/","title":"Page 24","section":"Niqiu Protects the Watermelons 泥鳅看瓜 (1974)","content":"\n泥鳅正在苇塘里掏水鸟蛋,离坑沿远,耳朵眼里又塞着秫秸芯,没有听见喊声。等他出了苇塘一看,哟!人都哪儿去了呢?水坑里只有那个西瓜皮还漂在水面上。 In the reed pond Niqiu was digging for water bird eggs, far away from the edge of the pond, and since his ears and eyes were filled with sorghum sticks, he did not hear the shout. When he got out of the reed and looked around, he thought: \u0026ldquo;Oh! Where is everyone?\u0026rdquo; Only the watermelon skin was still floating on the surface of the water. "},{"id":129,"href":"/comics/zhufu/b-page-24/","title":"Page 24","section":"The New Year's Sacrifice 祝福 (1974)","content":"\n祥林嫂打柴,摘茶, 养蚕,苦苦的扶养着儿子阿毛。 Xianglin\u0026rsquo;s wife gathered firewood, plucked tea, raised silkworms, struggling to raise her son Ah Mao. "},{"id":130,"href":"/comics/biao/b-page-25/","title":"Page 25","section":"The Watch 表 (1980)","content":"\n警察叫开门,他们走进二楼去见院长。警察向院长要了收据,看了彼蒂加一眼:“孩子好好地在这儿生活吧!再见!” The policeman called to open the door and they went to the second floor to see the director. The policeman requested for a receipt from the director and glanced at Petka: \u0026ldquo;Child, live well here! Goodbye!\u0026rdquo; "},{"id":131,"href":"/comics/niqiu/b-page-25/","title":"Page 25","section":"Niqiu Protects the Watermelons 泥鳅看瓜 (1974)","content":"\n他上了西岸,站直了身子,看了看自己的影子,影子还矮着哩。心想:“还不到下半晌,为什么都走了?” He got onto the west bank, stood up straight and looked at his shadow which was still short. He thought: \u0026ldquo;It\u0026rsquo;s not yet afternoon, why did they all leave?\u0026rdquo; "},{"id":132,"href":"/comics/zhufu/b-page-25/","title":"Page 25","section":"The New Year's Sacrifice 祝福 (1974)","content":"\n第二年春天,这一日,祥林嫂一清早起来就开了门,拿小篮盛了一篮豆,叫阿毛坐在门槛上剥豆子。 One day in the following spring, Xianglin\u0026rsquo;s wife opened the door early in the morning, scooped a basketful of beans into a small basket, and called Ah Mao to sit at the threshold and shell beans. "},{"id":133,"href":"/comics/biao/b-page-26/","title":"Page 26","section":"The Watch 表 (1980)","content":"\n院长一边翻看着警察局的公文,一边对彼蒂加说:“哦,小偷?这干不得!你这小,再边几年就能成为一个有用的人了……现在我们首先得整理你的外表。” While the director looked through the police documents, he turned to Petka: \u0026ldquo;Oh, a thief? This can\u0026rsquo;t be! You\u0026rsquo;re still young, in a few years, you can turn into a useful person\u0026hellip; now, we first have to put your appearance in order.\u0026rdquo; "},{"id":134,"href":"/comics/niqiu/b-page-26/","title":"Page 26","section":"Niqiu Protects the Watermelons 泥鳅看瓜 (1974)","content":"\n他抖掉头上的水,正在坑沿上四下张望,一个乡亲从西往东跑过来,向后指着对泥鳅说:“快跑!汉奸队又来啦!” He shook the water off his head and looked around the edge of the pond when a villager came running past from west to east, pointing backwards and saying to Niqiu: \u0026ldquo;Run away! The traitors are returning!\u0026rdquo; "},{"id":135,"href":"/comics/zhufu/b-page-26/","title":"Page 26","section":"The New Year's Sacrifice 祝福 (1974)","content":"\n她自己就在屋后劈柴,淘米,米下了锅,要蒸豆了,她这才叫阿毛。 She herself was at the back of the house chopping firewood and rinsing rice. After putting the rice into the pot, it was time to steam the beans, and only then did she call Ah Mao. "},{"id":136,"href":"/comics/biao/b-page-27/","title":"Page 27","section":"The Watch 表 (1980)","content":"\n彼蒂加被带到卫生科。卫生员叫他把衣服脱光进浴盆洗澡,还要把他的破衣服烧掉,换一身新的。 Petka was taken to the infirmary. The health worker told him to take off all his clothes, to take a bath in the bathtub and to burn his worn-out clothes in exchange for a set of new ones. "},{"id":137,"href":"/comics/niqiu/b-page-27/","title":"Page 27","section":"Niqiu Protects the Watermelons 泥鳅看瓜 (1974)","content":"\n泥鳅听了,手一扳树杈,就上了坑沿那棵弯弯的老柳树,手打眼罩往西一看,十几个伪军,正顺着小路往这边走。 When Niqiu heard this, he grabbed a tree branch and pulled himself up onto the curved old willow tree at the pond. Using his hand as a visor, he looked westwards and saw a dozen or so puppet soldiers walking along a small path towards him. "},{"id":138,"href":"/comics/zhufu/b-page-27/","title":"Page 27","section":"The New Year's Sacrifice 祝福 (1974)","content":"\n没有应,她出来一看,只见豆撒得一地,没有她的阿毛了。 When there was no response, she went outside to look. All that could be seen were beans scattered all over the ground. Her Ah Mao was gone. "},{"id":139,"href":"/comics/biao/b-page-28/","title":"Page 28","section":"The Watch 表 (1980)","content":"\n彼蒂加吃了一惊。他紧紧抓住裤子,怎么办呢?表……幸运的是卫生员暂时离开了浴室。他来不及多想,迅速地从口袋里掏出表,把它塞进嘴里。 Petka was shocked. He firmly held on to his trousers: \u0026ldquo;What should I do? The watch\u0026hellip;\u0026rdquo; Fortunately, the health worker left the bathroom for a moment. He did not have much time to think, so he quickly took the watch out of his pocket and put it in his mouth. "},{"id":140,"href":"/comics/niqiu/b-page-28/","title":"Page 28","section":"Niqiu Protects the Watermelons 泥鳅看瓜 (1974)","content":"\n那个老乡叫他快走,泥鳅看了看瓜地,咬了咬嘴唇说:“大叔你走吧,我还要看瓜!”那个老乡说:“看瓜?这可不是闹着玩的!上回那些坏蛋来,吃了瓜还把张大爷打了一顿。” The villager told him to run away, but Niqiu looked at the melon patch, bit his lip and said: \u0026ldquo;You go ahead, Uncle! I need to watch over the melons!\u0026rdquo; The villager answered: \u0026ldquo;Watch over the melons? This is not a joke! Last time those bastards came, they ate the melons and beat up Uncle Zhang.\u0026rdquo; "},{"id":141,"href":"/comics/zhufu/b-page-28/","title":"Page 28","section":"The New Year's Sacrifice 祝福 (1974)","content":"\n她各处去问,都没有,她急了,央人出去寻。 She asked around everywhere, but no one had seen him. She became worried, and begged people to go search for him. "},{"id":142,"href":"/comics/biao/b-page-29/","title":"Page 29","section":"The Watch 表 (1980)","content":"\n卫生员来了,他用钳子把彼蒂加的脏衣服夹了出来,然后又回来给他洗澡。彼蒂加已经五年没洗澡了,躺在浴盆里感到舒服极了。卫生员问他问这问那。彼蒂加因为嘴里含着表,一句话也说不出,只是点头或摇头。 The health worker came back. He carried Petka\u0026rsquo;s clothes outside with pliers, then returned to give him a bath. Petka had not taken a bath in five years, so when he lay in the bathtub, it felt really comfortable. The health worker asked a stream of questions. But because Petka had the watch in his mouth, he could not say a word, he just nodded or shook his head. "},{"id":143,"href":"/comics/niqiu/b-page-29/","title":"Page 29","section":"Niqiu Protects the Watermelons 泥鳅看瓜 (1974)","content":"\n一提这件事,泥鳅气就来了,他愤愤地说:“我不能让他们白吃张大爷的瓜,是谁吃的,我都给他记上,有机会,都得叫他们还帐。”\nWhen this was mentioned, Niqiu\u0026rsquo;s anger rose again. He said angrily: \u0026ldquo;I can\u0026rsquo;t let them eat Uncle Zhang\u0026rsquo;s melons for free. Whoever ate them, I\u0026rsquo;ll put that on his bill, and I\u0026rsquo;ll make them pay for it when I get the chance.\u0026rdquo;\n"},{"id":144,"href":"/comics/zhufu/b-page-29/","title":"Page 29","section":"The New Year's Sacrifice 祝福 (1974)","content":"\n直到下半天,寻来寻去寻到山墺里,看见刺柴上挂着一只阿毛的小鞋。大家都说:“糟了,怕是遭了狼了。” Until the afternoon, they searched all over and reached a mountain clearing, where they saw one of Ah Mao\u0026rsquo;s little shoes hanging on a thorny branch. They all said: \u0026ldquo;Oh no, it looks like a wolf got him.\u0026rdquo; "},{"id":145,"href":"/comics/biao/b-page-30/","title":"Page 30","section":"The Watch 表 (1980)","content":"\n卫生员终于关上了他的话匣子。他放掉脏水,又放进干净的水,然后拿起报纸:“孩子,如果太冷或太热,你就说话。” The health worker finally turned off his chatterbox. He let the dirty water out, and filled it up with clean water, then he took the newspapers: \u0026ldquo;Kid, if it\u0026rsquo;s too cold or too hot, just tell me.\u0026rdquo; "},{"id":146,"href":"/comics/niqiu/b-page-30/","title":"Page 30","section":"Niqiu Protects the Watermelons 泥鳅看瓜 (1974)","content":"\n那位老乡见劝不动他,只好走了。泥鳅抓住一条树枝一悠,“扑通”一声,就扎到水里,把西瓜皮又套到了头上,站在没脖儿深的水里。 The villager saw that Niqiu could not be persuaded, so he could only walk away. Niqiu grabbed a long tree branch, swung himself and - SPLASH - plunged into the water. He put the watermelon skin on his head again and stood in the water which did not reach his neck. "},{"id":147,"href":"/comics/zhufu/b-page-30/","title":"Page 30","section":"The New Year's Sacrifice 祝福 (1974)","content":"\n再寻进去,阿毛果然躺在草窠里,肚里的五脏已经都给狼吃空了,手上还紧紧地捏着那只小篮。 Continuing the search, they indeed found Ah Mao lying in a grassy den, his guts already eaten away by the wolf. His hand was still tightly grasping the small basket. "},{"id":148,"href":"/comics/biao/b-page-31/","title":"Page 31","section":"The Watch 表 (1980)","content":"\n热水不断地从龙头里涌出,浴盆里渐渐地烫起来,彼蒂加焦急不安地折腾开了,却又说不出话来。最后,他实在熬不住了,一下子把表吐在浴盆里,大叫一声:“烫呀!”并像弹簧似的跳了出来。 The hot water gushed from the tap ceaselessly. The water in the bathtub got hotter and hotter. Petka tossed about uneasily but was unable to speak out. In the end, he could not take it anymore. All of a sudden, he spit the watch into the bathtub, and screamed: \u0026ldquo;It\u0026rsquo;s boiling!\u0026rdquo; and jumped out like a metal spring. "},{"id":149,"href":"/comics/niqiu/b-page-31/","title":"Page 31","section":"Niqiu Protects the Watermelons 泥鳅看瓜 (1974)","content":"\n一会儿,便衣队特务和两个伪军来到西瓜地里,满地里找西瓜,也没找到一个熟的,他们气的把瓜秧全给拔了,生西瓜蛋踢得满地乱滚。 After a while, a plain clothes spy and two puppet soldiers came to the watermelon patch and searched the whole ground for melons but could not find a single ripe one. They became so angry that they pulled up all the melon seedlings and kicked the unripe melons all over the place. "},{"id":150,"href":"/comics/zhufu/b-page-31/","title":"Page 31","section":"The New Year's Sacrifice 祝福 (1974)","content":"\n现在,祥林嫂只剩了一个光身了。 Now, Xianglin\u0026rsquo;s wife was left with nothing but her lone self. "},{"id":151,"href":"/comics/biao/b-page-32/","title":"Page 32","section":"The Watch 表 (1980)","content":"\n卫生员又放了许多冷水在浴盆里,彼蒂加又重新跳了进去。他急忙在盆底摸表,终于碰到了光滑的圆东西,他惊喜地又把它塞进嘴里。不知为什么,浴盆里的水在逐渐减少。 The health worker then poured cold water into the bathtub, so Petka jumped in again. He anxiously felt for the watch at the bottom of the bathtub and finally got hold of a smooth round thing. He eagerly put it into his mouth again. He did not know why, but the water in the bathtub became less and less. "},{"id":152,"href":"/comics/niqiu/b-page-32/","title":"Page 32","section":"Niqiu Protects the Watermelons 泥鳅看瓜 (1974)","content":"\n糟踏了一阵,他们站在坑沿上,用高粱叶子作扇子,扇着体息,口渴得直舐嘴唇。 After trampling for a while, they stood on the edge of the pond and used sorghum leaves as fans. Fanning, they rested and licked their lips with thirst. "},{"id":153,"href":"/comics/zhufu/b-page-32/","title":"Page 32","section":"The New Year's Sacrifice 祝福 (1974)","content":"\n到秋天,贺老六的哥哥竟来收屋,把她赶了出来。 When autumn came, He Laoliu\u0026rsquo;s older brother took over the house and threw her. "},{"id":154,"href":"/comics/biao/b-page-33/","title":"Page 33","section":"The Watch 表 (1980)","content":"\n洗完澡,卫生员给他一套新衣服。他第一次穿这么漂亮的衣服,乐得咧着嘴笑了。卫生员诧导地看着他嘴里发亮的东西:“这是什么?” When he was done bathing, the health worker gave him a set of new clothes. It was the first time for him to wear such pretty clothes, so he grinned with his mouth wide open. The health worker was surprised to see something shiny in his mouth: \u0026ldquo;What is this?\u0026rdquo; "},{"id":155,"href":"/comics/niqiu/b-page-33/","title":"Page 33","section":"Niqiu Protects the Watermelons 泥鳅看瓜 (1974)","content":"\n那个高个子的伪军忽然向坑里指着说:“大西瓜!”小个儿马上说:“是我先看见的!”两个伪军争着要脱衣服下水去捞。 Suddenly, the tall puppet soldier pointed at the pond and said: \u0026ldquo;Look at the huge watermelon!\u0026rdquo; The short one immediately replied: \u0026ldquo;I saw it first!\u0026rdquo; The two puppet soldiers vied to undress in order to get into the water and fish it out. "},{"id":156,"href":"/comics/zhufu/b-page-33/","title":"Page 33","section":"The New Year's Sacrifice 祝福 (1974)","content":"\n祥林嫂走投无路,只好拎了一只荸荠式的圆篮,一个小铺盖,又到鲁镇来找卫老婆子。 Xianglin\u0026rsquo;s wife had nowhere to go, carrying around a basket shaped like a water chestnut and a small bedroll, she came again to Luzhen looking for Old Wei. "},{"id":157,"href":"/comics/biao/b-page-34/","title":"Page 34","section":"The Watch 表 (1980)","content":"\n彼蒂加赶紧闭上嘴,卫生员哪肯放过。最后,彼蒂加只得把它吐出来。天啊!这不是浴盆的铜塞子吗?卫生员惊奇地问:“告诉我,为什么把它放进嘴里?”彼蒂加只好撤谎:“我饿!” Petka hastily closed his mouth, but the health worker would not let go. In the end, Petka had to spit it out. Good heavens! Was this not the copper plug of the bathtub? The health worker was surprised: \u0026ldquo;Tell me, why did you put that into your mouth?\u0026rdquo; Petka had to lie: \u0026ldquo;I\u0026rsquo;m hungry!\u0026rdquo; "},{"id":158,"href":"/comics/niqiu/b-page-34/","title":"Page 34","section":"Niqiu Protects the Watermelons 泥鳅看瓜 (1974)","content":"\n那个便衣特务呲着满嘴金牙得意地说:“你们俩谁也别抢,是我先看见的。”说着,就抢先穿着肥大的灯笼裤下了水。 The spy bared his mouth full of gold teeth and said complacently: \u0026ldquo;Neither of you snatch it, I saw it first.\u0026rdquo; As he was speaking, he rushed into the water in his loosely fitting knickerbockers. "},{"id":159,"href":"/comics/zhufu/b-page-34/","title":"Page 34","section":"The New Year's Sacrifice 祝福 (1974)","content":"\n卫老婆子又将她带来鲁四老爷家里来了。四太太踌踌了一会,便叫祥林嫂拿圆篮和铺盖到下房去。四老爷照例皱皱眉,但鉴于向来雇用女工之难,也就并不大反对。 Old Wei brought her to Mr. Lu\u0026rsquo;s house again. His wife hesitated for a while, but eventually told Xianglin\u0026rsquo;s wife to bring her basket and bedroll to the servant\u0026rsquo;s room. Mr. Lu frowned as usual, but in view of the difficulty of employing female workers, he did not oppose. "},{"id":160,"href":"/comics/biao/b-page-35/","title":"Page 35","section":"The Watch 表 (1980)","content":"\n表哪去了?彼蒂加偷偷朝浴盆张望。浴盆里水已流净,只有一块浴巾。卫生员把铜塞子扔回浴盆,去拿浴巾。彼蒂加心想:这可惜了!表一定在浴巾下面。他灵机一动,突然大叫起来:“啊唷!肚子痛!” Where did the watch go? Petka secretly peeped towards the bathtub. The water in the bathtub had already drained away, there was only a washcloth left. The health worker threw the plug back into the bathtub and was about to take the washcloth. Petka thought: \u0026ldquo;Too bad! The watch must be under the towel.\u0026rdquo; He had a sudden idea and screamed: \u0026ldquo;Ouch! My stomach is aching!\u0026rdquo; "},{"id":161,"href":"/comics/niqiu/b-page-35/","title":"Page 35","section":"Niqiu Protects the Watermelons 泥鳅看瓜 (1974)","content":"\n岸上两个伪军气得撅着嘴说:“这坑水可深,小心淹死你。”便衣特务得意地说:“老子淹不死。这是种瓜的老头特意为我留的,要不是上次教训了他一顿,今天他能给我留吗?” Pouting with anger, the two puppet soldiers on the bank said: \u0026ldquo;That pond is really deep, be careful not to drown.\u0026rdquo; The spy said proudly: \u0026ldquo;I won\u0026rsquo;t drown. The old man who grows melons reserved this one especially for me. If I hadn\u0026rsquo;t taught him a lesson last time, would he have saved one for me today?\u0026rdquo; "},{"id":162,"href":"/comics/zhufu/b-page-35/","title":"Page 35","section":"The New Year's Sacrifice 祝福 (1974)","content":"\n四老爷只是暗暗告诫四太太说,祥林嫂这种人虽然似乎很可怜,但是败坏风俗,用她帮忙还可以,祭祀时候可用不着她沾手,否则,不干不净,祖宗不是吃的。 Mr. Lu cautioned his wife in private, that although someone like Xianglin\u0026rsquo;s wife seems pitiful, she exerts a bad moral influence. It is okay to use her help, but she should not lend a hand during the sacrifices. Otherwise, the ancestors would not eat on because of her taints. "},{"id":163,"href":"/comics/biao/b-page-36/","title":"Page 36","section":"The Watch 表 (1980)","content":"\n卫生员慌了,急忙奔出门去取药。彼蒂加扑到浴巾上,一点不错,表就躺在浴巾下面。他急忙把它抓在手里,把水擦干,欣赏着。手心里的表活像是太阳在放光。 The health worker panicked and hurried out the door to get some medicine. Petka launched towards the cloth. And indeed!, the watch was really under the cloth. He grabbed it really fast, wiped it dry, and admired it. The watch in his hands was shining like the sun. "},{"id":164,"href":"/comics/niqiu/b-page-36/","title":"Page 36","section":"Niqiu Protects the Watermelons 泥鳅看瓜 (1974)","content":"\n泥鳅见便衣特务朝自己走来,水圈一环环地从他脖子上涌过,他看到特务那个不会水的样子,想起了“千斤牛入水,斗不过大鲤鱼”,就壮起了胆。 Niqiu saw the spy coming towards him, ripples on the water around his neck. Upon realizing that the spy could not swim well, he recalled the saying: \u0026ldquo;When thousand pounds of cattle enter the water, they cannot defeat a carp\u0026rdquo;, and mustered up his courage. "},{"id":165,"href":"/comics/zhufu/b-page-36/","title":"Page 36","section":"The New Year's Sacrifice 祝福 (1974)","content":"\n鲁四老爷家里最重大的事件是祭祀,祥林嫂先前最忙的时候也就是祭祀,这回她却清闲了。桌子放在堂中央,她去分配酒杯和筷子。四太太慌忙地说:“祥林嫂, 你放着罢!我来摆。” Sacrificing to the ancestors was the biggest event for the family of Mr. Lu. Previously, the sacrifices were also the busiest time for Xianglin\u0026rsquo;s wife. This time, however, she had nothing to do. The table was set in the centre of the hall, and she went to distribute glasses and chopsticks. Mrs. Lu rushed to say: \u0026ldquo;Xianglin\u0026rsquo;s wife, leave it there! I\u0026rsquo;ll do it.\u0026rdquo; "},{"id":166,"href":"/comics/biao/b-page-37/","title":"Page 37","section":"The Watch 表 (1980)","content":"\n彼蒂加急忙把表装进崭新的裤袋里。这时,卫生员拿来一瓶阿摩尼亚水,他嗅了嗅,打了几个喷嚏,就装作病好了。经过梳洗打扮,他变成一个漂亮的小伙子了。 Petka hastily put the watch into the pocket of his brand-new pants. Right then, the health worker brought a bottle of ammonia solution. Petka sniffed it, sneezed a few times, and then pretended to be cured. Now that he had freshened up, he turned into a pretty young lad. "},{"id":167,"href":"/comics/niqiu/b-page-37/","title":"Page 37","section":"Niqiu Protects the Watermelons 泥鳅看瓜 (1974)","content":"\n特务晃晃悠悠地蹚着水向西瓜走来,高兴得鼻子眼睛全挤在一块了。眼看就快要够到手了,突然“妈呀!”一声不见了。 The spy wiggled and waded towards the watermelon and squeezed his nose and eyes in happiness. As he was reaching for the melon, a sudden \u0026ldquo;Oh my!\u0026rdquo; was followed by an abrupt silence. "},{"id":168,"href":"/comics/zhufu/b-page-37/","title":"Page 37","section":"The New Year's Sacrifice 祝福 (1974)","content":"\n她只好缩了手,又去取烛台,四太太慌忙地说:“祥林嫂,你放着罢!我来拿。” She was forced to withdraw her hand and went to pick up a candlestick. Mrs. Lu said in a panic: \u0026ldquo;Xianglin\u0026rsquo;s wife, leave it there! I\u0026rsquo;ll get it.\u0026rdquo; "},{"id":169,"href":"/comics/biao/b-page-38/","title":"Page 38","section":"The Watch 表 (1980)","content":"\n彼蒂加来到食堂,饭菜又热又香。他贪婪地吃着,连盘子都舔光了。独眼龙毕塔珂夫逗弄起他来了:“大饭桶,比大象吃得还多!”彼蒂加生气了,把匙子掷过去,正敲在独眼龙的脑门上。 When Petka arrived at the canteen, the food was hot and smelled good. He ate greedily, even licking the plate clean. The one-eyed Pyatakov began to tease him: \u0026ldquo;You greedy pig! You eat more than an elephant!\u0026rdquo; Petka became angry and threw his spoon right at One Eye\u0026rsquo;s forehead. "},{"id":170,"href":"/comics/niqiu/b-page-38/","title":"Page 38","section":"Niqiu Protects the Watermelons 泥鳅看瓜 (1974)","content":"\n两个伪军以为这小子故意装的,高个子伪军说:“别得了便宜卖乘,没人跟你抢!”小个子伪军看着冒出水面的水泡说:“上来吧,别在那吐泡了!” The two puppet soldiers thought he was just pretending, so the tall one said: \u0026ldquo;Stop acting, no one's going to fight you for it!\u0026rdquo; Watching the bubbles rise up to the surface, the short one said: \u0026ldquo;Come on up, stop blowing bubbles there!\u0026rdquo; "},{"id":171,"href":"/comics/zhufu/b-page-38/","title":"Page 38","section":"The New Year's Sacrifice 祝福 (1974)","content":"\n她转了几个圆圈,终于没有事情做,只得疑惑的走开。她在这一天可做的事只不过坐在灶下烧火。 After making a few rounds around the house, finally, there was nothing left for her to do but to walk away in confusion. All she could do on this day was to sit by the stove and tend to the fire. "},{"id":172,"href":"/comics/biao/b-page-39/","title":"Page 39","section":"The Watch 表 (1980)","content":"\n出了乱子了,院长赶来了。他用严厉的目光看着彼蒂加:“站到门口去,直到大家吃完午饭为止!”孩子们吃完午饭,三三两两从彼蒂加面前跑过去,有的向他伸舌头,有的向他扮鬼脸。 Upon the commotion, the director rushed in. He gave Petka a stern look: \u0026ldquo;Stand in the doorway until everybody has finished their lunch!\u0026rdquo; After the children had finished their lunch, they ran past Petka in groups of twos and threes, some of them sticking out their tongues, some of them making faces at him. "},{"id":173,"href":"/comics/niqiu/b-page-39/","title":"Page 39","section":"Niqiu Protects the Watermelons 泥鳅看瓜 (1974)","content":"\n半袋烟的功夫过去了,特务也没露面。这时两个伪军才觉察到出了事。高个子让小个子先下去看看,小个子说:“瓜是你先看见的,应该你先下去。”他俩谁也不敢下去,只在岸上乱叫。 They smoked half a pack of cigarettes, yet the spy did not reappear. Only now, the two soldiers realized that something was wrong. The tall one ordered the small one to go down first and take a look, but the small one said: \u0026ldquo;You saw the melon first, so you should be the one to go down there first.\u0026rdquo; Neither of them dared to go down, they just stood at the bank and shouted. "},{"id":174,"href":"/comics/zhufu/b-page-39/","title":"Page 39","section":"The New Year's Sacrifice 祝福 (1974)","content":"\n镇上的人们仍然叫她祥林嫂,但音调和先前很不同;也还和她讲话,但笑容却冷冷的了。她全不理会那些事,只是直着眼睛,和大家讲她的儿子遭狼的故事,讲完就淌下眼泪来,声音也呜咽了。 Townspeople still called her Xianglin\u0026rsquo;s wife, but the tone was very different from before. They still talked with her, but their smiles had turned cold. She ignored those things, and with straight eyes she told everyone the story of how her son had been attacked by a wolf. When she finished her tale, she shed tears and her voice choked with sobs. "},{"id":175,"href":"/comics/biao/b-page-40/","title":"Page 40","section":"The Watch 表 (1980)","content":"\n傍晚,彼蒂加担心把表带在身上会出乱子,于是来到院子里,在墙根挖了个小坑。他把表包好,埋在小坑里,还插上一根小树枝,免得记错了地方。 At dusk, Petka worried that keeping the watch on him might cause trouble, so he went to the yard and dug a small hole at the foot of a wall. He wrapped up the watch, buried it and stuck a small twiglet on it in order not to remember the wrong spot. "},{"id":176,"href":"/comics/niqiu/b-page-40/","title":"Page 40","section":"Niqiu Protects the Watermelons 泥鳅看瓜 (1974)","content":"\n再说泥鳅把那个特务拖下水去灌饱之后,就拉着他的腿绕过菱角坑,荷花塘,一口气把他拖到了大苇塘里。 After Niqiu dragged the spy down into the water to fill him up, he pulled him by the legs around the water chestnut pond, the lotus pond, and the big reed pond in one go. "},{"id":177,"href":"/comics/zhufu/b-page-40/","title":"Page 40","section":"The New Year's Sacrifice 祝福 (1974)","content":"\n这故事倒颇有效,男人听了,往往收起笑容,没趣的走开了;女人们却像宽恕了她似的,脸上立刻改换了鄙薄的神气,还要陪出许多眼泪来。 This story worked quite effectively. The men would stop smiling and walk away uninterestedly after they heard it. The women would seem to forgive her, immediately changing the contemptuous looks on their faces, and shedding tears along with her.\n"},{"id":178,"href":"/comics/biao/b-page-41/","title":"Page 41","section":"The Watch 表 (1980)","content":"\n当天空布满星星的时候,就寝钟响了。彼蒂加倒在床上直睡到天亮。“起来!快起来!”院长摇着他的肩膀,“警察局长要你去一趟。”彼蒂加慌神啦,脚怎么也伸不进裤脚里去。 When the sky was full of stars, the bell rang. Petka fell into bed and slept till dawn. \u0026ldquo;Get up! Get up!\u0026rdquo; The director shook his shoulder. \u0026ldquo;The chief wants you to come.\u0026rdquo; Petka panicked and could not get his feet into his trousers no matter how hard he tried. "},{"id":179,"href":"/comics/niqiu/b-page-41/","title":"Page 41","section":"Niqiu Protects the Watermelons 泥鳅看瓜 (1974)","content":"\n特务躺在苇塘中间的一个小土岗上,肚子鼓的活象个大气蛤蟆。泥鳅气喘吁吁地蹲在一边,一时不知该怎么办好。他想把这家伙再推下水去,又一想,留着他,抗日政府可能能从他身上了解点敌人的情况。 The spy laid on a small hill in the middle of the reed pond. His big belly resembled a huge toad. Breathing heavily, Niqiu sat next to him. All of a sudden, he did not know what to do. He wanted to drag the guy back into the water, but thought it over. He could leave him so that the anti-Japanese government might learn something about the situation of the enemy from him. "},{"id":180,"href":"/comics/zhufu/b-page-41/","title":"Page 41","section":"The New Year's Sacrifice 祝福 (1974)","content":"\n她就只是反复的向人说她悲惨的故事,倘一看见两三岁的小孩子,她就想引出她的阿毛的故事来,说:“唉唉!我们的阿毛如果还在,也就有这么大了。……” She just kept telling people again and again about her tragedy. Whenever she saw a two- or three-year-old child, she would bring up the story about her Ah-mao, and say, \u0026ldquo;Ah ah! If our Ah-mao were still alive, he would be around that age…\u0026rdquo; "},{"id":181,"href":"/comics/biao/b-page-42/","title":"Page 42","section":"The Watch 表 (1980)","content":"\n彼蒂加被带到警察局长办公室。他看见局长身旁站着一个红鼻子老汉。彼蒂加想,这一定是那个醉汉了。“凭良心回答,你偷了库兑耶尔的表吗?”局长问。“我敢赌咒,我从来没有见过表……”彼蒂加坦然地回答。 Petka was taken to the chief\u0026rsquo;s office. He saw an old, red-nosed man standing next to the chief. Petka thought this was for sure the drunkard. \u0026ldquo;Answer honestly, did you steal Kudeyar\u0026rsquo;s watch?\u0026rsquo;\u0026rsquo; the chief asked. \u0026ldquo;I swear, I've never seen that watch\u0026hellip;\u0026rsquo;\u0026rsquo;, Petka answered calmly. s\n"},{"id":182,"href":"/comics/niqiu/b-page-42/","title":"Page 42","section":"Niqiu Protects the Watermelons 泥鳅看瓜 (1974)","content":"\n于是,泥鳅找了一块破碗碴儿,把特务的牙给撬了个缝,一股黑水从牙缝里淌出来。 Then, Niqiu found a small piece of a broken bowl. With the help of this shard, wedged between the teeth of the spy, Niqiu pried open the spy\u0026rsquo;s mouth, and black water flowed out. "},{"id":183,"href":"/comics/zhufu/b-page-42/","title":"Page 42","section":"The New Year's Sacrifice 祝福 (1974)","content":"\n但不久,全镇的人们几乎都能背诵她的话,一听到就烦厌得头痛,立即打断她的话,走开去了,让她张着口怔怔地站着。 But before long, almost everyone in town could recite her words. As soon as they heard it, they instantly turned very annoyed, interrupted her at once, walked away, and left her standing in a daze with her mouth hanging open. "},{"id":184,"href":"/comics/biao/b-page-43/","title":"Page 43","section":"The Watch 表 (1980)","content":"\n局长命令警察将彼蒂加从头到脚搜一遍。彼蒂加一点也不害怕,心里非常好笑。后来局长和库兑耶尔一齐动手,结果什么也没有搜到。 The chief ordered a policeman to search Petka from head to toe. Petka, silently finding it hilarious, was not afraid at all. Later, both the chief and Kudeyar joined in, but in the end, they could not find anything. "},{"id":185,"href":"/comics/niqiu/b-page-43/","title":"Page 43","section":"Niqiu Protects the Watermelons 泥鳅看瓜 (1974)","content":"\n过了一会儿,特务缓过气来了,肚子一鼓一鼓的。泥鳅一看,好像觉得特务变长了,心想:“这么大个家伙,我怎么弄得过他呢?” After a while, the spy was relieved and his stomach bulged. Niqiu had a look, and it seemed that the spy had grown bigger. Niqiu thought: \u0026ldquo;What a big guy, how did I manage to overwhelm him?\u0026rdquo; "},{"id":186,"href":"/comics/zhufu/b-page-43/","title":"Page 43","section":"The New Year's Sacrifice 祝福 (1974)","content":"\n从此她死尸似的脸上就整日没有笑影,主人们觉得她手脚也没有先前那样灵活,口气上更有些不满了。 From then on, the smile had disappeared from her corpse-like face. Her employers found her work not as efficient as before, therefore their tone towards her became more dissatisfied. "},{"id":187,"href":"/comics/biao/b-page-44/","title":"Page 44","section":"The Watch 表 (1980)","content":"\n“他根本就没有表。他诬赖好人!”彼蒂加对局长说。局长教训了库兑耶尔一顿。库兑耶尔放声大哭。局长命令警察把彼蒂加送回教养院。 \u0026ldquo;He doesn\u0026rsquo;t even own a watch, he\u0026rsquo;s accusing innocent people!\u0026rdquo; Petka said to the chief. The chief read Kudeyar the riot act. Kudeyar began to cry loudly. The chief ordered the policeman to take Petka back to the reformatory. "},{"id":188,"href":"/comics/niqiu/b-page-44/","title":"Page 44","section":"Niqiu Protects the Watermelons 泥鳅看瓜 (1974)","content":"\n泥鳅小眼睛一眨,想了个主意。他扯了一把青苇子在地上踩了,拧成了一条绳子,趁特务还没清醒过来,把他的两手捆了个结结实实。 Niqiu blinked with his small eyes and had an idea. He pulled a handful of green reeds, stepped them on the ground, twisting them into a rope. While the spy was still unconscious, he tied his hands together tightly. "},{"id":189,"href":"/comics/zhufu/b-page-44/","title":"Page 44","section":"The New Year's Sacrifice 祝福 (1974)","content":"\n转眼又到了年底,腊月二十以后,鲁四老爷家里又要忙着过新年了,这回另叫柳妈做帮手。柳妈是善女人,吃素,不肯杀鸡宰鹅,只管洗器皿。祥林嫂除烧火之外,没有别的事,闲坐着看柳妈洗器皿。 In the blink of an eye, it was the end of another year. After the 20th day of the twelfth lunar month, the Lu household was busy with the New Year\u0026rsquo;s celebration again. This time, they found an extra help, Auntie Liu. Auntie Liu was a Buddhist vegetarian woman who refused to kill chickens and geese, but merely washed the vessels. Xianglin\u0026rsquo;s wife had nothing to do except tend the fire, so she sat idly watching Auntie Liu wash the vessels. "},{"id":190,"href":"/comics/biao/b-page-45/","title":"Page 45","section":"The Watch 表 (1980)","content":"\n警察对彼蒂加说:“你一个人回去吧,我对你的诚实深信不疑。”彼蒂加真的一个人向教养院走去。现在他是不肯逃走的了,因为他心爱的表还埋在教养院的院子里呢! The policeman said to Petka: \u0026ldquo;Go back by yourself, you are an honest boy.\u0026rsquo;\u0026rsquo; And Petka indeed started to walk back to the reformatory. He did not want to run away now because his beloved watch was still buried in the yard of the reformatory! "},{"id":191,"href":"/comics/niqiu/b-page-45/","title":"Page 45","section":"Niqiu Protects the Watermelons 泥鳅看瓜 (1974)","content":"\n特务醒过来了,他在地上直打滚。泥鳅命令他:“不准动!”特务一见是个孩子,就假装求饶说:“老弟,放开我吧!” The spy woke up and rolled back and forth on the ground. Niqiu commanded: \u0026ldquo;Freeze!\u0026rdquo; When the spy realized that Niqiu was just a child, he pretended to ask for forgiveness and said, \u0026ldquo;Little one, set me free!\u0026rdquo; "},{"id":192,"href":"/comics/zhufu/b-page-45/","title":"Page 45","section":"The New Year's Sacrifice 祝福 (1974)","content":"\n柳妈看着祥林嫂说:“你和你第二个男人过活不到两年,倒落了一件罪名。你将来到阴司去,那两个死鬼的男人还要争,你给谁好呢?阎罗大王只好把你锯开来,分给他们。” Auntie Liu looked at Xianglin\u0026rsquo;s wife and said: \u0026ldquo;You and your second husband were together for less than two years, yet you are guilty of a great sin. When you arrive in the nether world, the ghosts of those two husbands will fight, whom will you be given to? The great king Yama will have to saw you apart and divide you between them.\u0026rdquo; "},{"id":193,"href":"/comics/biao/b-page-46/","title":"Page 46","section":"The Watch 表 (1980)","content":"\n忽然,库兑耶尔从后面追了上来,扑倒在他的脚上:“求求你,还我表吧!我的女人在生病,孩子在挨饿。看上帝面上,还给我!” Suddenly, Kudeyar caught up with him and threw himself at his feet: \u0026ldquo;I beg you, give me back my watch! My wife is sick, the children are starving. In the name of God, give it back to me!\u0026rdquo; "},{"id":194,"href":"/comics/niqiu/b-page-46/","title":"Page 46","section":"Niqiu Protects the Watermelons 泥鳅看瓜 (1974)","content":"\n泥鳅气愤地指着他说:“谁叫你当汉奸欺侮中国人哪?谁叫你抢了张大爷的瓜?”特务赶忙说:“吃瓜我给钱,快给我解开,我好给你掏钱。” Niqiu pointed at him furiously and said, \u0026ldquo;Who told you to become a traitor and bully the Chinese people? Who told you to rob Uncle Zhang's melons?\u0026rdquo; The spy answered in a rush: \u0026ldquo;I'll pay for the melon, untie me quickly, so that I can pay you.\u0026rdquo; "},{"id":195,"href":"/comics/zhufu/b-page-46/","title":"Page 46","section":"The New Year's Sacrifice 祝福 (1974)","content":"\n她听了柳妈的话,脸上就显出恐怖的神色来。柳吗接着说:“我想,你不如及早抵当。你到土地庙里。去捐一条门槛,当作你的替身,给千人踏,万人跨,赎了这一世的罪名,免得死了去受苦。” When she heard Auntie Liu\u0026rsquo;s words, a look of horror appeared on her face. Auntie Liu continued: \u0026ldquo;I think, it would be better if you go to compensate for it as soon as possible. Go to the Temple of the Village God. Donate a threshold, make it as your substitute, let thousands of people step on it, let tens of thousands of people cross over it in order to atone for your sins in life, so that you will not have to suffer in death.\u0026rdquo; "},{"id":196,"href":"/comics/biao/b-page-47/","title":"Page 47","section":"The Watch 表 (1980)","content":"\n彼蒂加毫不理会,继续往前走。库兑耶尔从后面追上来嚷着:“我控告你!我给你吃官司!”“告去就是了,谁也不会相信你这个老酒鬼!”彼蒂加觉得很开心,只管自己的路。 Petka did not pay him any attention and continued to walk ahead. Kudeyar caught up with him, yelling: \u0026ldquo;I will sue you! I will file a lawsuit!\u0026rsquo;\u0026rsquo; - \u0026ldquo;Go ahead and sue me, no one will believe an old drunkard like you.\u0026rsquo;\u0026rsquo; Petka felt very happy and went his way. "},{"id":197,"href":"/comics/niqiu/b-page-47/","title":"Page 47","section":"Niqiu Protects the Watermelons 泥鳅看瓜 (1974)","content":"\n泥鳅笑呵呵地说:“等我把你送到抗日政府,咱俩到那再算账。”特务看软的不行,便用硬的威胁,可是毛泽东思想哺育成长起来的儿童不听这一套,威胁利诱对他们行不通。 Niqiu laughed: \u0026ldquo;Just wait until I have sent you to the anti-Japanese government, we will settle our accounts there.\u0026rdquo; When the spy saw that soft words would not work, he used hard threats, but children raised by Mao Zedong's Thought do not listen to such kinds of threats, and temptations have no effect on them. "},{"id":198,"href":"/comics/zhufu/b-page-47/","title":"Page 47","section":"The New Year's Sacrifice 祝福 (1974)","content":"\n头天晚上,祥林嫂想着柳妈的话,越想越怕,到天亮才蒙胧睡去,又做了一个恶梦。第二天,早饭之后,她便到镇西头的土地庙里去求捐门槛。庙祝起初不允许,直到她急得流泪,才勉强答应了。价目是大钱十二千。 That evening, Xianglin\u0026rsquo;s wife thought about Auntie Liu\u0026rsquo;s words, the more she thought about it the more afraid she became. Only at dawn did she fall into a hazy sleep, and even then she had a nightmare. The next day, after breakfast, she went to the Temple of the Village God at the west end of town to ask to donate a threshold. At first, the temple attendant did not give his permission, only when she shed tears out of fear did he grudgingly agree. The price was twelve thousand large copper coins. "},{"id":199,"href":"/comics/biao/b-page-48/","title":"Page 48","section":"The Watch 表 (1980)","content":"\n彼蒂加打算先把表挖出来,然后翻墙逃走。可是当他一走进教养院,却看见院子里停放着许多辆运木材的大马车。孩子们在院长的指挥下,正从马车上往下搬运木材。不一会儿,木材就堆满了院子。 Petka came up with a plan. He would first dig out the watch, and then climb over the wall and run away. However, when he arrived at the reformatory, he saw that numerous horse carriages loaded with timber were parked in the courtyard. Under the command of the director, the children unloaded the logs from the carriages. Before long, the courtyard was all filled with timber. "},{"id":200,"href":"/comics/niqiu/b-page-48/","title":"Page 48","section":"Niqiu Protects the Watermelons 泥鳅看瓜 (1974)","content":"\n正在这时,突然“砰! 砰!”两声枪响,子弹飞过苇塘的上空。泥鳅赶紧趴在地上,这枪子是那两个伪军放的,他们为了壮壮胆,朝天放了两枪就走了。 At that moment \u0026ndash; BANG, BANG! \u0026ndash; suddenly two shots rang out, and the bullets flew over the reed pond. Niqiu hurriedly got down on the ground. The two puppet soldiers had fired the shots. In order to strengthen their courage, they had fired the two shots towards the sky and fled. "},{"id":201,"href":"/comics/zhufu/b-page-48/","title":"Page 48","section":"The New Year's Sacrifice 祝福 (1974)","content":"\n从此,她整日紧闭了,默默的跑街,扫地,洗菜,淘米。快够一年,她才从四太太手里支取了历来积存的工钱,换算了十二元鹰洋,又请假镇西头去。 From then on, she became entirely closed off, silently walking the streets, sweeping the floor, washing vegetables and rinsing rice. It was almost a year later when she asked Mrs. Lu for her accumulated wages, adding up to 12 yuan and again took leave to go to the west end of the town. "},{"id":202,"href":"/comics/biao/b-page-49/","title":"Page 49","section":"The Watch 表 (1980)","content":"\n他来到埋表的地方,那上面高高地堆放着木材。“我的表……”他伤心地哭了起来。 He arrived at the spot where he had buried the watch. Timber was piled high on top of it. \u0026ldquo;My watch\u0026hellip;\u0026rdquo; Broken-hearted, he started to cry. "},{"id":203,"href":"/comics/niqiu/b-page-49/","title":"Page 49","section":"Niqiu Protects the Watermelons 泥鳅看瓜 (1974)","content":"\n忽然,泥鳅听见特务在一块石头上磨绳子,走近一看,苇绳快被特务挣断了。 Suddenly, Niqiu heard the spy grinding the rope on a rock, and when he came closer, he saw that the rope was about to be torn apart. "},{"id":204,"href":"/comics/zhufu/b-page-49/","title":"Page 49","section":"The New Year's Sacrifice 祝福 (1974)","content":"\n回来的时候,她神气舒畅,眼光也分外有神,高兴似的对四太太说,她已经在土地庙捐了门槛了。 When she came home, her spirit was entirely free from worry, and her eyes were exceptionally bright, looking happy she told Mrs. Lu that she had already been at the Temple of the Village God and donated a threshold. "},{"id":205,"href":"/comics/biao/b-page-50/","title":"Page 50","section":"The Watch 表 (1980)","content":"\n这天夜里,他被火车的汽笛声惊醒:“唉唉,车站该是多么有趣!掏空那些有钱人的腰包多开心……”他打定主意,今晚把表弄到手后就逃走。 At night, the sound of a train whistle woke him up. \u0026ldquo;Oh, how much fun it would be to be at the station and empty out the pockets of all those rich people\u0026hellip;\u0026rdquo; He made up his mind: Tonight, he would get the watch into his hands and just run away. "},{"id":206,"href":"/comics/niqiu/b-page-50/","title":"Page 50","section":"Niqiu Protects the Watermelons 泥鳅看瓜 (1974)","content":"\n泥鳅猛地骑在特务身上,一边用拳头打,一边狠狠地骂着。特务死命挣扎,两个人就在坑沿边滚了起来。 Niqiu violently got on top of the spy, punching him with his fists as he cursed him viciously. The spy struggled for his dear life as the two rolled around on the edge of the pond. "},{"id":207,"href":"/comics/zhufu/b-page-50/","title":"Page 50","section":"The New Year's Sacrifice 祝福 (1974)","content":"\n可是到冬至的祭祖时节,祥林嫂看四太太装好祭品,便坦然去拿酒杯和筷子。不料四太太照旧慌忙地大声说:“你放着罢,祥林嫂!” When it came to the winter solstice and the sacrifices to the ancestors, Xianglin\u0026rsquo;s wife saw Mrs. Lu preparing the sacrificial offerings and went to get the wine cups and chopsticks. But to her surprise, Mrs. Lu, as before, rushed to say: \u0026ldquo;Leave it there, Xianglin\u0026rsquo;s wife!\u0026rdquo; "},{"id":208,"href":"/comics/biao/b-page-51/","title":"Page 51","section":"The Watch 表 (1980)","content":"\n他打开窗户,从排水管滑下来溜到院子里,来到埋表的地方。他使劲地搬开木材,一根,两根,三根……才搬了二三十根,他就上气不接下气了。 He opened the window, glided down the drainpipe, landed in the courtyard, and went to the place where his watch was buried. With all his strength he dragged away the logs. One log, two logs, three logs... when he had dragged away only twenty or thirty logs, he was gasping for air already. "},{"id":209,"href":"/comics/niqiu/b-page-51/","title":"Page 51","section":"Niqiu Protects the Watermelons 泥鳅看瓜 (1974)","content":"\n特务打不过泥鳅,就高声喊叫救命。泥鳅想堵住他的嘴,又没东西堵,特务的喊声越来越大,泥鳅怕被伪军听见,只得又把他推下水去. The spy was unable to defeat Niqiu, so he called for help. Niqiu wanted to stuff his mouth, but as he didn\u0026rsquo;t find anything, the spy\u0026rsquo;s shouting became louder and louder. Niqiu was afraid that the puppet soldiers would hear him, so he pushed him into the water again. "},{"id":210,"href":"/comics/zhufu/b-page-51/","title":"Page 51","section":"The New Year's Sacrifice 祝福 (1974)","content":"\n她像是受了炮烙似的缩了手,脸色同时变作灰黑,也不再去取烛台,只是失神的站着。 She withdrew her hand as if it had been branded with red-hot metal, her face instantly became ashen, and she did not try again to fetch the candlestick, but just stood there dejectedly. "},{"id":211,"href":"/comics/biao/b-page-52/","title":"Page 52","section":"The Watch 表 (1980)","content":"\n当他再搬一根很重的圆木材时,一不小心滑脱了手,整个木材垛塌了下来,发出吓人的声响。随着一声嗥叫,一只大狗向他扑来。彼蒂加吓得浑身发抖,拚命地逃回宿舍里去。 Just when he was pulling one especially heavy log, it slipped out of his hands in a moment of carelessness. The entire pile of tree trunks collapsed, making a frightening noise. Following a loud growl, a huge dog jumped at Petka. Petka's entire body trembled with fear, and he ran back to the dorm for his dear life. "},{"id":212,"href":"/comics/niqiu/b-page-52/","title":"Page 52","section":"Niqiu Protects the Watermelons 泥鳅看瓜 (1974)","content":"\n特务在水里喝着水,象是葫芦头灌香油似的,“咕嘟嘟,咕嘟嘟”,水面上冒起了一串串水泡泡。 GLUG, GLUG \u0026ndash; The spy drank from the water like a bottle gourd from sesame oil, and a stream of bubbles rose to the surface. "},{"id":213,"href":"/comics/zhufu/b-page-52/","title":"Page 52","section":"The New Year's Sacrifice 祝福 (1974)","content":"\n直到四老爷上香的时候,叫她走开,她才走开。她疑惑的想:难道自己已经在土地庙捐了门槛,还不能赎了这一世的罪名么?…… Only when Mr. Lu burned the joss sticks and ordered her to leave did she leave. Feeling uncertain, she thought: Could it be that despite having already paid for a threshold in contribution to the village temple, she still could not redeem herself from the sins of this life? … "},{"id":214,"href":"/comics/biao/b-page-53/","title":"Page 53","section":"The Watch 表 (1980)","content":"\n第二天,彼蒂加得了严重的肺炎,整整昏睡了三个星期。 The next day, Petka came down with a serious pneumonia and slept for three weeks. "},{"id":215,"href":"/comics/niqiu/b-page-53/","title":"Page 53","section":"Niqiu Protects the Watermelons 泥鳅看瓜 (1974)","content":"\n敌人走后,张家庄的人都回来了,就是不见泥鳅。大伙四下里找寻着,到处都在喊着:\u0026ldquo;泥鳅!泥——鳅——\u0026rdquo; After the enemy had left, all the villagers of Zhangjia Village returned, but Niqiu was nowhere to be seen. Everybody was searching for him in all directions and shouted: \u0026ldquo;Niqiu! Niiiiiiqiuuuuuuuuuuu!\u0026rdquo; "},{"id":216,"href":"/comics/zhufu/b-page-53/","title":"Page 53","section":"The New Year's Sacrifice 祝福 (1974)","content":"\n这一回她的变化非常大,第二天,不但眼睛凹陷下去,连精神也更不济了,而且很胆怯,有如在白天出穴游行的小鼠;否则呆坐着简直是一个木偶人。 This time, there was a huge change in her. The next day, her eyes were sunken down, her spirit further wasted away, and she became very timid, like a mouse wandering out of its hole in daytime; on other occasions she sat blankly, like a puppet. "},{"id":217,"href":"/comics/biao/b-page-54/","title":"Page 54","section":"The Watch 表 (1980)","content":"\n彼蒂加终于活下来了,恢复知觉了。一天,小伙伴米罗诺夫给他送来一本画书,还告诉他,在他害病的那天,毕塔珂夫因偷木材被送到少年管教所去了。彼蒂加禁不住绯红了脸。 Petka finally started to get better and recovered his consciousness. One day, his mate Milonov brought him a picture book. He told him that Pyatakov had been sent to the youth custody centre for stealing wood on the same day that Petka had fallen ill. Petka could not help but blush. "},{"id":218,"href":"/comics/niqiu/b-page-54/","title":"Page 54","section":"Niqiu Protects the Watermelons 泥鳅看瓜 (1974)","content":"\n泥鳅听了,使用两手卷成个筒筒,放在嘴上,拉长声音回答说:\u0026ldquo;我在这儿哪!\u0026rdquo; When Niqiu heard them, he formed his hands to a tube, raised them to his mouth and answered: \u0026ldquo;I am heeeeeeeere!\u0026rdquo; "},{"id":219,"href":"/comics/zhufu/b-page-54/","title":"Page 54","section":"The New Year's Sacrifice 祝福 (1974)","content":"\n不到半年,她头发也花白起来了,记性尤其坏,甚而至于常常忘却了去淘米。四太太有时当面就说:“祥林嫂怎么这样了?倒不如那时不留她。”似乎是警告她,想打发她走了。 Within half a year, her hair started to turn white, her memory became particularly poor, even to the point that she frequently forgot to go and rinse rice. Mrs. Lu sometimes said right in front of her: \u0026ldquo;How come Xianglin\u0026rsquo;s wife becomes like this? It would have been better if we hadn\u0026rsquo;t kept her.\u0026rdquo; It was as if she was warning her that she wanted to dismiss her. "},{"id":220,"href":"/comics/biao/b-page-55/","title":"Page 55","section":"The Watch 表 (1980)","content":"\n米罗诺夫走后,彼蒂加很难过,心想:毕塔珂夫虽然讨厌,毕竟是自己的小伙伴,不能让他白受冤在。他决定去找院长,说明那天晚上是他搬动了木材,但埋表的事是绝对不能讲的。 After Milonov had left, Petka felt very bad and thought to himself: \u0026ldquo;Even though I detest Pyatakov, he is still my mate, and I can\u0026rsquo;t let him be accused wrongly.\u0026rdquo; He decided that he would go to the director and explain that it had been Petka himself, who had moved the logs on that very night, but he would not say a word about the watch. "},{"id":221,"href":"/comics/niqiu/b-page-55/","title":"Page 55","section":"Niqiu Protects the Watermelons 泥鳅看瓜 (1974)","content":"\n泥鳅把喝饱水的特务又拖到东岸上。大伙一看,都高兴地说:“泥鳅真是共产党教育出来的好孩子,又为乡亲们除了一害!”泥鳅充满信心地表示:“要消灭这些害人虫,把日本鬼子赶出中国去!取得抗战的全部胜利!” Niqiu pulled the spy, who had had enough to drink, to the east bank. When everybody saw this, they happily said: \u0026ldquo;Niqiu is a good boy educated by the Communist Party, he averted yet another harm to the villagers!\u0026rdquo; Niqiu said with confidence: \u0026ldquo;Let\u0026rsquo;s destroy this vermin and drive the Japanese devils out of China! Let\u0026rsquo;s achieve total victory in the war!\u0026rdquo; "},{"id":222,"href":"/comics/zhufu/b-page-55/","title":"Page 55","section":"The New Year's Sacrifice 祝福 (1974)","content":"\n不久,四太太终于停了祥林嫂的工,叫她回到卫老婆子那里去。镇上谁家都不肯雇用她,卫老婆子也没法收留,祥林嫂就成了乞丐。她头发全白,不像四十上下的人了。 Before long, Mrs. Lu finally suspended Xianglin\u0026rsquo;s wife\u0026rsquo;s work and told her to return to Old Wei\u0026rsquo;s. No household in town was willing to employ her, and Old Wei was unable to take her in, so Xianglin\u0026rsquo;s wife became a beggar. Her hair turned completely white, and she did not look like a person in their forties anymore. "},{"id":223,"href":"/comics/biao/b-page-56/","title":"Page 56","section":"The Watch 表 (1980)","content":"\n可是,他来到院长办公室,却又失掉了勇气。院长问他有什么事,他只说是来向院长借画书的。院长见他喜欢读书了,很高兴,就拿给他许多书。 However, when he arrived in the director\u0026rsquo;s office, his courage left him. The director asked him what the matter was, but he only managed to say that he had come to borrow some picture books from him. When the director saw that he liked reading, he was very happy, and gave him many books. "},{"id":224,"href":"/comics/zhufu/b-page-56/","title":"Page 56","section":"The New Year's Sacrifice 祝福 (1974)","content":"\n她见到识字的人,就用眼钉着问:“一个人死了之后,究竟有没有魂灵的?……死掉的一家人,真的都能见面么?……”但是,有谁能回答她呢!就是答得出,又能给她多少安慰呢! When she came across someone literate, she fixed her stare at him and asked: \u0026ldquo;When a person dies, do they actually have a soul? \u0026hellip; Dead families, can they truly meet each other? \u0026hellip; \u0026quot; But, who could answer her! Even if they gave an answer, how much comfort could this give her! "},{"id":225,"href":"/comics/biao/b-page-57/","title":"Page 57","section":"The Watch 表 (1980)","content":"\n一个星期六的晚上,库兑耶尔突然带着乳酪糖球来看望彼蒂加,他恳求彼蒂加把表还给他。彼蒂加脸色一下子变白了:“我不要!请您走吧!”“什么?叫我走?你还我表!”库兑耶尔大吵大嚷起来。 One Saturday evening, Kudeyar suddenly came to pay Petka a visit, bringing toffees and begging him to return his watch. Petka\u0026rsquo;s face instantly turned white: \u0026ldquo;No! I ask you to leave!\u0026rdquo; \u0026ndash; \u0026ldquo;What? You tell me to go? Give me back my watch!\u0026rdquo; Kudeyar started to make a big scene. "},{"id":226,"href":"/comics/zhufu/b-page-57/","title":"Page 57","section":"The New Year's Sacrifice 祝福 (1974)","content":"\n转眼又到了年底,鲁镇的人家照例都又在“祝福”。这天天色阴暗,雪花乱糟糟的飞舞着,当鲁四老爷家里迎过福神,正在大放爆竹的时候,祥林嫂倒在河边,静悄悄的死了。 In the blink of an eye, it was the end of another year, the households of Luzhen were as usual all \u0026ldquo;performing the new year\u0026rsquo;s sacrifice\u0026rdquo;. The day was gloomy, the snowflakes danced wildly in the air, just as the Lu household welcomed the God of Fortune, right when the fireworks were being set off, Xianglin\u0026rsquo;s wife collapsed by the river bank and died quietly. "},{"id":227,"href":"/comics/biao/b-page-58/","title":"Page 58","section":"The Watch 表 (1980)","content":"\n院长赶来了问:“怎么一回事?”彼蒂加说:“他是我的伯父,是从疯人院出来的。请您不要再放他进来了!”于是大家把库兑耶尔赶走了。 The director hurried over and asked: \u0026ldquo;What\u0026rsquo;s going on here?\u0026rdquo; Petka said: \u0026ldquo;He is my uncle, he ran away from the madhouse. Please don\u0026rsquo;t let him come in again!\u0026rdquo; So everyone chased off Kudeyar. "},{"id":228,"href":"/comics/biao/b-page-59/","title":"Page 59","section":"The Watch 表 (1980)","content":"\n冬天到了,下起了大雪。院长叫孩子们把院子里的木材搬进库房去。彼蒂加想到心爱的表就可以到手了,所以劲头也来了:“快点儿,加油!”他干得很卖力,像个指挥官似的组织大家传递木材。 Winter came and heavy snow fell. The director called the children to carry the timber from inside the courtyard into the storehouse. Petka thought of how he could finally get his hands on his beloved watch, so he also joined with enthusiasm: \u0026ldquo;Move up, come on!\u0026rdquo; He threw himself into the task at hand and ordered everyone to pass the timber just like a commander. "},{"id":229,"href":"/comics/biao/b-page-60/","title":"Page 60","section":"The Watch 表 (1980)","content":"\n可是库房满了,木材没有搬完,彼蒂加大失所望,因为他的心爱的表仍然拿不出来。虽然院长表扬了他,可他感到很遗憾。 But the storage room was full before all the timber had been moved in. Petka lost all his hope, because he could not get hold of his beloved watch. Although the headmaster praised him, he felt quite sorrowful. "},{"id":230,"href":"/comics/biao/b-page-61/","title":"Page 61","section":"The Watch 表 (1980)","content":"\n由于他劳动积极,大家一致选举他当总务组的组长。彼蒂加又高兴起来了。 Because he had worked energetically, everyone elected him unanimously as group leader for general affairs. This cheered Petka up again. "},{"id":231,"href":"/comics/biao/b-page-62/","title":"Page 62","section":"The Watch 表 (1980)","content":"\n大家对他非常信任,他也热心为大家办事;他用心读书,进步很快。到新年时,他升了级,跟高年级孩子一起读书了。表的事也来不及去想了。 Everybody trusted him a lot, and he took care of all of their affairs with his full heart; he studied diligently and made good progress. When the new year started, he moved up to a higher class and studied together with the senior students. He did not have time to think about the matter of the watch anymore. "},{"id":232,"href":"/comics/biao/b-page-63/","title":"Page 63","section":"The Watch 表 (1980)","content":"\n日子飞快地过去了。三月里,巴黎公社纪念日这一天,孩子们去烈士陵园扫墓。他们在路上遇见了一个醉汉,大家把他推来推去,还用雪球打他的脸。彼蒂加认出那个醉汉正是库兑耶尔。 The days were passing faster and faster. In March, on the Paris Commune Memorial Day, all the kids went out to sweep the tombs at the martyrs\u0026rsquo; cemetery. On their way, they came across a drunkard. Everyone rudely pushed and pulled him back and forth and even threw snowballs at his face. Petka recognized that this drunkard was Kudeyar. "},{"id":233,"href":"/comics/biao/b-page-64/","title":"Page 64","section":"The Watch 表 (1980)","content":"\n库兑耶尔呻吟着、挣扎着、躲来躲去。彼蒂加忽然产生了同情心,于是跳出来,叫道:“喂,住手吧!” Kudeyar groaned, fought, and tried his best to duck away from the children. Petka suddenly felt sorry for him and so he jumped between them and shouted: \u0026ldquo;Hey, stop it!\u0026rdquo; "},{"id":234,"href":"/comics/biao/b-page-65/","title":"Page 65","section":"The Watch 表 (1980)","content":"\n库兑耶尔也认出了他,怒吼道:“你这流氓!你偷了我的表!”彼蒂加又羞又愧。 Kudeyar also recognized Petka and shouted in anger: \u0026ldquo;You rogue! You stole my watch!\u0026rdquo; Petka felt very ashamed. "},{"id":235,"href":"/comics/biao/b-page-66/","title":"Page 66","section":"The Watch 表 (1980)","content":"\n复活节快到了。经院长许可,彼蒂加和小伙伴米罗诺夫一起到集市上去玩耍。彼蒂加认识了一个叫娜塔莎的小女孩。他们彼此谈得很亲密,一直玩到很晚才分手。 Easter was near. The director allowed Petka to go out with his mate Milonov to spend some time at the market. There, Petka got to know a girl called Natasha. They started getting closer to each other and only separated when it was very late. "},{"id":236,"href":"/comics/biao/b-page-67/","title":"Page 67","section":"The Watch 表 (1980)","content":"\n积雪融化了。一天,彼蒂加发现院子里的木材也烧完了。他左思右想,一夜没睡好。第二天清早,他悄悄来到埋表的地方,把表挖了出来。表依然闪闪放光,但彼蒂加却觉得它黯然失色。 The masses of snow had melted away. One day, Petka noticed that all the timber in the yard had been used up. He pondered and pondered, and he could not sleep the entire night. The next day, he secretly went to the place where he hid the watch and dug it out. It was still sparkling and glittering, but Petka had the feeling that it had lost its splendour. "},{"id":237,"href":"/comics/biao/b-page-68/","title":"Page 68","section":"The Watch 表 (1980)","content":"\n这回彼蒂加该按照他的计划逃走了吧?可是,不!现在他不想离开这儿了。那表怎么办呢?扔掉它?怪愚蠢的,最好是还给库兑耶尔,但到哪儿去找他呢?彼蒂加揣着这只可恨的表,心里很痛苦。 Should Petka run away as he had planned? No, of course not! Now he did not want to leave this place. So, what should he do with the watch? Throw it away? That was quite stupid, the best option was to give it back to Kudeyar, but where could he find him? Petka hid this detestable watch in his clothes, his heart heavy. "},{"id":238,"href":"/comics/biao/b-page-69/","title":"Page 69","section":"The Watch 表 (1980)","content":"\n夏天到了,屋顶要油漆一下,院长叫彼蒂加上街去买油漆。他来到市场,想起先前的流浪生活,想到偷东西挨打的难堪情景……唉!真无聊!真糊涂! Summer had arrived, and the roof needed to be painted. The director asked Petka to go shopping for paint. When he came to the market, he thought of his previous vagrant life and the embarrassment of stealing and being beaten up\u0026hellip; UGH! What a bore! How confusing! "},{"id":239,"href":"/comics/biao/b-page-70/","title":"Page 70","section":"The Watch 表 (1980)","content":"\n“捉贼!捉住他!”突然传来一阵叫喊声。转眼间,从他面前跑过一个蓬头垢面的孩子。彼蒂加立刻认出那是毕塔珂夫。他一下子抓住毕塔珂夫的肩膀。毕塔珂夫一闪身,回手照他心窝就是一拳。 \u0026ldquo;Catch the thief! Catch him!\u0026rdquo; Suddenly there was shouting. In the blink of an eye, an unkempt child ran past him. Petka immediately recognized that it was Pyatakov. He grabbed Pyatakov\u0026rsquo;s shoulder at once. Pyatakov flinched, and then gave him a punch in the gut. "},{"id":240,"href":"/comics/biao/b-page-71/","title":"Page 71","section":"The Watch 表 (1980)","content":"\n“不要撒野!你不认识我啦!我是彼蒂加。”他们来到远离街心的僻静的地方,“原谅我吧,全是我不好……”他对毕塔珂夫讲述了那晚偷搬木材的事。 \u0026ldquo;Don\u0026rsquo;t be wild! Don\u0026rsquo;t you know me? I\u0026rsquo;m Petka!\u0026rdquo; They came to a secluded place, away from the middle of the street, \u0026ldquo;forgive me, it's all my fault\u0026hellip;,\u0026rdquo; he told Pyatakov about the matter of stealing the wood that night. "},{"id":241,"href":"/comics/biao/b-page-72/","title":"Page 72","section":"The Watch 表 (1980)","content":"\n毕塔珂夫大笑起来:“可那一夜我确实弄了十六根木材,卖给小贩了……”他敲了一下彼蒂加的前额,就踉踉跄跄地走了。 Pyatakov started laughing: \u0026ldquo;But I did get 16 pieces of lumber that night, and sold that to a black-market handler\u0026hellip;\u0026rdquo; he hit Petka on the forehead and staggered away. "},{"id":242,"href":"/comics/biao/b-page-73/","title":"Page 73","section":"The Watch 表 (1980)","content":"\n突然,毕塔珂夫又转身回来打了彼蒂加一记耳光:“把表给我!听见没有?你当我不知道?我跟库兑耶尔同住了半年监牢,他都对我讲了……现在他还关在监狱里。”彼蒂加真想快点儿把表交给毕塔珂夫。 Suddenly, Pyatakov turned around and slapped Petka into the face: \u0026ldquo;Give me the watch! Did you hear that? You think I don\u0026rsquo;t know? I spent half a year in jail with Kudeyar, and he told me everything\u0026hellip; he is still locked up in jail.\u0026rdquo; Petka really wanted to give the watch to Pyatakov quickly. "},{"id":243,"href":"/comics/biao/b-page-74/","title":"Page 74","section":"The Watch 表 (1980)","content":"\n这时,警察和一群人赶来了。毕塔珂夫被捕了。 At this time, the police and a group of people arrived. Pyatakov was arrested. "},{"id":244,"href":"/comics/biao/b-page-75/","title":"Page 75","section":"The Watch 表 (1980)","content":"\n彼蒂加穿过市场,闷闷不乐地向颜料店走去。他狠狠地捏住口袋里的表:我要这包袱干什么?这个倒霉的玩艺儿!他转过街角,忽然看见一个卖表链的小女孩,原来是娜塔莎。 Petka crossed the market and walked to the paint shop gloomily. He squeezed the watch in his pocket fiercely: What do I want this burden for? This hapless game! As he turned around the corner of the street, he suddenly saw a girl selling a watch chain. The girl turned out to be Natasha. "},{"id":245,"href":"/comics/biao/b-page-76/","title":"Page 76","section":"The Watch 表 (1980)","content":"\n他分明认得,那表链正是库兑耶尔的。他问娜塔莎表链是从哪儿来的。她说:“这是我爸爸的。他从监狱捎来一封信,叫我卖……我没办法生活……” He clearly recognized that the watch chain belonged to Kudeyar. He asked Natasha where the watch chain came from. She said: \u0026ldquo;This is my father's. He sent a letter from prison asking me to sell it… I can\u0026rsquo;t live like this…\u0026rdquo; "},{"id":246,"href":"/comics/biao/b-page-77/","title":"Page 77","section":"The Watch 表 (1980)","content":"\n彼蒂加觉得脑袋在胀大,脚下的地面在摇动,他几乎要跌倒了。他把表链接过来,久久地端详着…… Petka felt his head swell and the ground under his feet shaking, and he almost fell. He took the watch chain and looked at it for a long time… "},{"id":247,"href":"/comics/biao/b-page-78/","title":"Page 78","section":"The Watch 表 (1980)","content":"\n他从衣袋里掏出那只表,用发抖的手把它挂在表链上,递给娜塔莎说:“给你!”然后,飞快地跑走,消失在喧闹的人群中了。 He took the watch out of his pocket, attached it to the watch chain with trembling hands and handed it to Natasha: \u0026ldquo;Here, for you!\u0026rdquo; Then he ran away quickly and disappeared into the noisy crowd. "},{"id":248,"href":"/comics/zhufu/","title":"The New Year's Sacrifice 祝福 (1974)","section":"READCHINA: lianhuanhua","content":" The New Year\u0026rsquo;s Sacrifice 祝福 (1974) # Lu Xun 鲁迅 1974: The New Year\u0026rsquo;s Sacrifice 祝福, illustrated by Yong Xiang 永祥, Hong Ren 洪仁, Yao Qiao 姚巧, translated by Stefanie Gondorf, Lena Henningsen, Charlotte Kräker, Jingying Li, Ghost Tian, Beijing: Beijing renmin meishu chubanshe, 1974.1\nLost and Gained in Adaptation: # Comic Book Adaptation of Lu Xun’s “The New Year’s Sacrifice” (祝福, 1974) # Lena Henningsen and Ghost Tian\nIntroduction to the Text # The 1974 lianhuanhua adaptation of Lu Xun\u0026rsquo;s (鲁迅, 1881-1936) famous short story \u0026ldquo;The New Year\u0026rsquo;s Sacrifice\u0026rdquo; (祝福, 1924) represents a distinct interpretation of the original. The comic can be seen as a work of art in its own right, yet it is firmly situated in Maoist discourses and in textual practices of the time. In the following, we will briefly sketch this situation, point out how the comic differs from the original as well as from an earlier adaptation. Doing so, we argue that in the process of adaptation the figure of the narrator is lost \u0026ndash; yet, through the images, the story also gains.\n\u0026ldquo;The New Year\u0026rsquo;s Sacrifice\u0026rdquo;: Lu Xun in Maoist China # \u0026ldquo;The New Year\u0026rsquo;s Sacrifice\u0026rdquo; relates the story of Xianglin\u0026rsquo;s wife: It is the story of a poor woman suffering misfortune throughout life. Her misfortune is exacerbated by the social norms of her day. She is poor to begin with, loses two husbands and her young son who is eaten by a wolf. Not only does she have to struggle constantly to make a living, she also suffers as people assume her to have accumulated sin which caused these deaths. The family which employs her even considers her unclean and thus bars her from participating in the spiritual rituals conducted during the Chinese New Year celebrations. Unable to find a way to atone for her assumed sins, Xianglin\u0026rsquo;s wife loses her mind, her job, her dignity, and, finally, her life.\nIn this story, Lu Xun clearly blames superstition and old customs for the fate inflicted on the protagonist. However, ambivalence is introduced into the plot as the story is told by a first-person narrator who has returned to his ancestral town after a long time. This narrator chronicles the fate of Xianglin\u0026rsquo;s wife, but also his own feelings: He feels repulse when confronted with the backwardness of his uncle (Mr. Lu in the story), but he also feels awkward when confronted with the deranged woman whose questions he wants to evade. When, in the end, she dies, it seems not only the townspeople feel a sense of relief (even though the date of her death confirms earlier assumptions by the townspeople that she is inauspicious), but he himself seems relieved, too. Through this figure, the reader of the story is invited not only to condemn old morals and customs, but also to consider his (or her) own position, involvement and accountability for fates like that of Xianglin\u0026rsquo;s wife.\nAs such, \u0026ldquo;The New Year\u0026rsquo;s Sacrifice\u0026rdquo; is very much in line with the CCP\u0026rsquo;s take on \u0026lsquo;superstitious\u0026rsquo; and \u0026lsquo;feudal\u0026rsquo; practices. The modernist left-wing writer Lu Xun became a central figure in Mao Zedong\u0026rsquo;s literary policies. In the 1942 Yan\u0026rsquo;an talks (McDougall 1980; Denton 2016), Mao established Lu Xun as one of the core models for Chinese authors to emulate. Later on, official discourse propagated Lu Xun as a revolutionary, including on propaganda posters from the early to mid 1970s (see, for example the posters collected in the Landsberger collection, i.e. coinciding with the publication of this comic book. Lu Xun\u0026rsquo;s works continued to be published in the PRC years, with numerous comic adaptations of this stories, and also a wave of internal publications of works by and about Lu Xun setting off in 1972 (Henningsen 2021: 173) when cultural life during the Cultural Revolution began to relax. After the Cultural Revolution, yet and another lianhuanhua version was published, entitled Xianglin\u0026rsquo;s Wife 祥林嫂 based on movie stills (Lu Xun 1979).\n\u0026ldquo;The New Year\u0026rsquo;s Sacrifice\u0026rdquo; in lianhuanhua adaptation(s) # This is the context which saw the publication of the present The New Year\u0026rsquo;s Sacrifice comic. Or rather, it saw the remake of a The New Year\u0026rsquo;s Sacrifice comic, as the artists (Yong Xiang 永祥, Hong Ren 洪仁, Yao Qiao 姚巧) redid their earlier lianhuanhua book in 1974. The present version rests on the adaptation of the text by Xu Gan 徐淦 from 1957 with only minor changes. The images, however, are entirely redrawn in different style. Two aspects are particularly noteworthy, both of them resulting in a reduction of complexity of the lianhuanhua versions vis-à-vis the original short story. One is a reduction in complexity of the plot as the first-person narrator of the story is lost in adaptation \u0026ndash; the other a stylistic reduction of the complexity of emotions that result from the style of the text and the accompanying images.\nOnly in rare instances does the text of the lianhuanhua reveal the emotions the characters experience \u0026ndash; mostly in Mrs. Lu\u0026rsquo;s reactions to her husband. The sentences accompanying the panels bring forward the action of the story, they record the dialogues between the characters. Through their actions and words, they come to life and display their different personalities. The panels add to this, they show emotional expressions on the faces of the characters and they show differences in power among the characters by how they interact with each other. So while the narratorial voice with its ambivalence and its feeling of discomfort towards the backwardness of the situation and towards Xianglin\u0026rsquo;s wife have disappeared from the text, the images transmit this atmosphere. A particular strong effect is created as the tranquility and beauty of the setting in a Jiangnan town is depicted in water color panels. It forms a stark contrast to an utterly cruel story. Scenes in which Xianglin\u0026rsquo;s wife suffers harshly \u0026ndash; such as pages 17-21 when she is remarried against her will or the penultimate page of the lianhuanhua \u0026ndash; are rendered in darker shades.\nIn addition, the plot of first-person narrator of the original story is purged from the plot. Instead, the story is told by an omniscient narrator who remains outside the plot. The events are related in chronological order of Xianglin\u0026rsquo;s wife\u0026rsquo;s life \u0026ndash; and not in the order in which the first-person-narrator experiences his return to the small town and learns about the miserable fate of Xianglin\u0026rsquo;s wife. While in the lianhuanhua her death in the snow by the river is related in the last page (the text describing how the village is celebrating the New Year \u0026ndash; the image depicting her lying dead and motionless in the snow), in the original short story, this inauspicious (yet relieving) death prompts the narrator to find out about her life and retell the life of Xianglin\u0026rsquo;s wife. This loss of the narrator distinctly reduces the ambiguity in the original plot.\nIn the original text, in candidly revealing through inner thoughts his complacent attitude towards the circumstances of Xianglin\u0026rsquo;s wife, the narrator figure serves the primary function of highlighting the amoral and uncaring nature of Chinese society as Lu Xun perceived it. When the narrator has difficulty answering Xianglin\u0026rsquo;s wife\u0026rsquo;s questions regarding afterlife, he begins to feel \u0026ldquo;deeply unsettled\u0026rdquo; and wonders whether he had \u0026ldquo;made things worse for her\u0026rdquo; by his reply (Lu 2009: 164); it seems, at first, that the narrator is concerned with the woman\u0026rsquo;s well-being. However, readers are quickly disabused of this notion as he \u0026ldquo;laughed at [him]self\u0026rdquo;, deciding that he was \u0026ldquo;perfectly insured with that last \u0026lsquo;I don\u0026rsquo;t know\u0026rsquo;\u0026rdquo; and that \u0026ldquo;if something did now happen, it could have nothing to do with me\u0026rdquo; (Lu 2009: 164). Here, it becomes painfully obvious that the narrator cares nothing for Xianglin\u0026rsquo;s wife but worries only about his own culpability in the event of a problem. When he is later told of her death, his thoughts likewise demonstrate his coldly indifferent response; he remarks in relief, \u0026ldquo;I realized the thing I had dreaded was now past; that I no longer needed to dwell obsessively on the business, on my \u0026lsquo;I don\u0026rsquo;t really know\u0026rsquo; \u0026hellip; I became steadily easier in my mind\u0026rdquo; (Lu 2009: 165). Notably, this is the sentiment that immediately prefaces the readers\u0026rsquo; introduction to the life story of Xianglin\u0026rsquo;s wife, while the tale is concluded by the narrator waking from a nap to the sounds of New Year\u0026rsquo;s celebrations. At this point, he \u0026ldquo;accepted its comfortable, torpid embrace, letting the New Year\u0026rsquo;s Sacrifice cleanse me of the doubts and misgivings that had troubled me all day\u0026rdquo; (Lu 2009: 177). For the narrator, the whole of Xianglin\u0026rsquo;s wife\u0026rsquo;s tragic life and immeasurable suffering amounted to little more than a day of troubled thoughts, easily cleared by a nap and a lethargic welcoming of the New Year. By enveloping the story of Xianglin\u0026rsquo;s wife in the apathetic outlook of this outside narrator, Lu Xun presents a disturbing and biting criticism of the callousness exhibited by society\u0026rsquo;s privileged and borne by its poor.\nLacking this narrative framework of the uncaring spectator and centering only on the experiences of Xianglin\u0026rsquo;s wife, the lianhuanhua adaptation presents a simplistically sympathetic story which does not achieve the critical complexity of the original text. Unlike the original where two central characters\u0026mdash;the first-person narrator and Xianglin\u0026rsquo;s wife\u0026mdash;blur the standard distinction between protagonist and antagonistic forces, the lianhuanhua is told from the removed point of view of an omniscient narrator with Xianglin\u0026rsquo;s wife acting as a clear protagonist. The comic\u0026rsquo;s text focuses on event description rather than psychological explication as in the original, and its images likewise are drawn in a realistic style with little depiction of emotional or mental states; readers are thus provided a straightforward telling of plot with no imposition of external analysis. In this way, the lianhuanhua is akin to a blank slate onto which readers may project their own understandings and feelings without the influence of a given narrational perspective. Because readers are likely to sympathize with the protagonist of a story, the foremost emotional takeaway from the lianhuanhua adaptation becomes one of simple compassion or pity rather than the disquiet aroused when asked to embody in the first-person an indifferent narrator placed in opposition to a suffering protagonist. This unsophisticated call to sympathy is an easy task for readers to fulfill, especially for a tragic character such as Xianglin\u0026rsquo;s wife, and does not invite the critical reflection on societal apathy that is fundamental to Lu Xun\u0026rsquo;s original short story.\n\u0026ldquo;The New Year\u0026rsquo;s Sacrifice\u0026rdquo;: Continuity and change from 1957 to 1974 # The 1957 (republished in 1963 and reprinted again in 2005) and 1974 versions have only minor changes in the texts below the panels. Only page 55 sees a larger change, with the merging of two pages into one in the 1974 version (pages 55+56 in the 1957 version are merged into one page in 1974). The images accompanying the text are similar in that often the persons are displayed in similar arrangements, though, often from different angles. The style of the images, nonetheless, is very different. While the 1974 version is drawn in watercolors, the earlier version is black and white drawings which allow and call for more simplification in style.\nTwo figures, nonetheless differ among the two versions: the temple attendant and the literate person appearing towards the end of the comic. As to the former, his clothes and bold head clearly identify the 1957 temple attendant as a Buddhist monk, while his 1974 counterpart is less clearly identifiable (page 47).\n1957 edition Page 47 # source: sohu.com\n1974 edition Page 47 # This might have to do with the fact that during the Cultural Revolution Buddhism had been one of the objects of criticism.\nOn the penultimate page, Xianglin\u0026rsquo;s wife inquires with a literate person about life after death. In both images, she is depicted as a beggar, in a crouching pose. What differs, however, are the perspective and the looks of the anonymous literate person. In 1974 (page 56), Xianglin\u0026rsquo;s wife is in the center of the panel, her white face and hair radiating in front of the dark background, the literate person with whom she inquires is depicted at the left-hand corner of the page, only displaying half of his face. He has short hair, wears a dark coat and has what may be a book under his arm. In the 1957 version (page 57), however, the literate person bears the markers of an early 20th century intellectual more clearly: his hair is short, he has a moustache, he wears a scarf and a simple gown and uses its sleeves to keep his hands warm. He also has a book tucked under his arm. Here, the beggar Xianglin\u0026rsquo;s wife is on left-hand side while the scholar is center stage with his face at the center of the panel: Does he not look a lot like Lu Xun? By means of this depiction of the scholar and by implying an identity of the fictional character with the original author of the story, the 1957 version manages to implicitly reintroduce the first-person narrator into the plot. After all, the confrontation with Xianglin\u0026rsquo;s wife\u0026rsquo;s questions and inquiries into afterlife as well as the discomfort he experiences faced with his own speechlessness were the reasons for discomfort for the narrator. Likely, such a depiction of what could be perceived as \u0026ldquo;Lu Xun\u0026rdquo; \u0026ndash; in scholarly gown and in an ambivalent pose (after all, on the next page, we see Xianglin\u0026rsquo;s wife dead, implying the co-responsibility of the scholar in her death) might have been too much to risk in 1974 when Lu Xun had to fulfill his role as a revolutionary who contributed to the right cause with his pen unswervingly and without hesitation.\n1957 edition Page 57 # source: sohu.com 1974 edition Page 56 # The differences in historical framing among the two versions become more obvious in their respective forewords. While the 1957 version consists of a brief summary of the plot given in relative neutral terms (as we use a digital version of the 2005 reprint which carries both a foreword and a 1963 publication remark, we assume that this is also the 1957 text, though, we cannot be fully certain of this), the 1974 foreword is more elaborate: The plot summary is about twice as long, uses much stronger vocabulary to present the story in the rhetoric of the Cultural Revolution. A second page of the same length reinforces this, first, by framing the story (and the lianhuanhua) as a valuable contribution to the current campaign to criticize Lin Biao and Confucius, second, by pointing out how the suffering of Xianglin\u0026rsquo;s wife can be attributed to feudalism and the teachings of Confucius and Menzius and, third, by pointing out how Lu Xun intended to mobilize the \u0026ldquo;people to struggle against these cannibalistic forces\u0026rdquo; thus not only emphasizing the revolutionary nature of Lu Xun and his literature but also making use of the cannibalism trope.\nOn the one hand, the adaptations represent a reduction of the complexity and ambiguity of Lu Xun\u0026rsquo;s original and as such can be seen as a losing in the course of adaptation, with the realism inscribed into the images and with the loss of the ambiguous first-person narrator from Lu Xun\u0026rsquo;s short story. On the other hand, however, the comics in their variety of framing and individual painting styles serve to keep the story visible and meaningful to later generations of readers. In their simplicity, they provide access to the story to a readership who may not be literate enough to read the original \u0026ndash; and they may add a distinct interpretation of the story for those readers familiar with the original, thus clearly representing a gain in adaptation.\nReferences # Denton, Kirk, A. 2016: \u0026ldquo;Literature and Politics: Mao Zedong\u0026rsquo;s \u0026lsquo;Yan\u0026rsquo;an Talks\u0026rsquo; and Party Rectification\u0026rdquo;, in: Kirk A. Denton [ed.]: The Columbia Companion to Modern Chinese Literature, New York: Columbia University Press, 224-230.\nHenningsen, Lena 2021: Cultural Revolution Manuscripts: Unofficial Entertainment Fiction from 1970s China, Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.\nHoffmann, Hans Peter 2015: „Der Neujahrssegen Lu Xuns \u0026ndash; Ein Essay zum literarischen Übersetzen\u0026quot;, in Lu, Xun 2015 (1924): Der Neujahrssegen (transl. Alisa Daniczek, Brigitte Höhenrieder, Hans Peter Hoffmann, Julia Neubauer, Angelika Opitz; edition pengkun), Bochum: Projektverlag, 43-72.\nLu Xun 鲁迅 2005 (1963, 1957): The New Year\u0026rsquo;s Sacrifice 祝福, adapted by Xu Gan 徐淦, illustrated by Yong Xiang 永祥, Hong Ren 洪仁, Yao Qiao 姚巧, Beijing: Renmin meishu chubanshe. Accessed online at: https://www.sohu.com/a/355550011_120441479 (last access Jan. 28, 2022).\nLu Xun 鲁迅 1974: The New Year\u0026rsquo;s Sacrifice 祝福, illustrated by Yong Xiang 永祥, Hong Ren 洪仁, Yao Qiao 姚巧, Beijing: Renmin meishu chubanshe.\nLu Xun 鲁迅 1979: Xianglin\u0026rsquo;s Wife 祥林嫂, adapted by Wu Chen 吴琛, Mo Xin 沫, IMAGES Sun Weide 孙为德, Wang Qia 王恰, Shanghai: Renmin meishu chubanshe. (photos / movie stills)\nLu, Xun 2009 (1924): \u0026ldquo;New Year\u0026rsquo;s Sacrifice\u0026rdquo; (transl. Julia Lovell), in: Lu Xun: The Real Story of Ah-Q and other Tales of China: The Complete Fiction of Lu Xun, London: Penguin, 161-177.\nLu, Xun 2015 (1924): Der Neujahrssegen (transl. Alisa Daniczek, Brigitte Höhenrieder, Hans Peter Hoffmann, Julia Neubauer, Angelika Opitz; edition pengkun), Bochum: Projektverlag.\nMcDougall, Bonnie [ed.] 1980: Mao Zedong's \u0026ldquo;Talks at the Yan'an Conference on literature and art\u0026rdquo;, Ann Arbor: Center for Chinese Studies, University of Michigan.\nAbout the translation In preparing this translation, our aim was to produce a text that would do justice to the legacy of Lu Xun, but more so, to the language and contents of the PRC adaptation of the story. In his essay accompanying his retranslation of the original short story into German, Hans Peter Hoffmann (2015) makes a convincing argument for the use of slightly outdated terms as markers for what Lu Xun wanted to emphasize as backward in his times. Front and back cover Frontmatter 01 Preface to the 1957 edition # (not shown above) 内容说明 # 祥林嫂年轻的时候死了丈夫,便到鲁四老爷家帮工。后来她婆婆又强迫她嫁人。不久她的第二个丈夫病死了,她的儿子被狼吃掉了,她被生活所逼,只好又回到鲁四老爷家里。鲁四老爷厌恶她死过两个丈夫,说她不干净,败坏风俗。她怪自己的命不好,听了柳妈的话,到土地庙里捐一条门槛,当撖替身赎罪,可是人家还一样鄙视她。她更加衰老了,精神更迟钝了,终于她被赶出了鲁家,变成乞丐死了。 Explanation of the contents # After Xianglin\u0026rsquo;s wife lost her husband early in life, she comes to the Lu household as a servant. Later on, her mother-in-law forces her to remarry. Soon after, her second husband dies of illness, and her son is eaten by a wolf. She has no choice but to return to the Lu household. Frontmatter 02 前言 # 《祝福》描写了一个淳朴的劳动妇女祥林嫂。丈夫死后,她为了逃避被出卖的命运,便来到鲁镇,在地主鲁四家里做工。但不久仍被婆家绑回去,逼嫁到山村里。\u0026ldquo;她一路只是嚎,骂\u0026rdquo;,后来还\u0026quot;一头撞在香案角上\u0026quot;,不惜以自己的生命来反抗旧社会、旧礼教的压迫。当她再一次在鲁四家里出现,那是第二个丈夫病死,儿子被狼叼走之后。因她再嫁再寡,鲁四把她看成不祥之物,暗暗告诫家人不许她沾手祭品。镇上的人由于受到封建礼教的毒害,也跟着嘲笑她。柳妈又以\u0026quot;阴间\u0026quot;的锯刑来恐吓她,要她到土地庙捐一条门槛,当作赎罪的替身,给千人踏,万人跨。她为了自己的生存,不断挣扎,捐了门槛;但仍然无效,主人还是不许她摆设祭品。她从此精神失常,象一个木偶人。不久被鲁四赶走,成为乞丐。最后怀着对\u0026quot;阴间\u0026quot;的恐怖和疑惑,在年终\u0026quot;祝福\u0026quot;时,死在街头上。 Preface # \u0026ldquo;The New Year\u0026rsquo;s Sacrifice\u0026rdquo; describes the simple female worker Xianglin\u0026rsquo;s wife. After the death of her husband, she comes to Luzhen to work in the household of Landlord Lu to escape the fate of being sold off. But before long, she is kidnapped by the family of her mother-in-law and forced to remarry into a mountain village. \u0026ldquo;She howled and cursed the whole way\u0026rdquo;, and later also \u0026ldquo;bumped her head against the corner of the incense burner table\u0026rdquo;, to resist to the oppression of old society and old Confucian ethics with her own life. Frontmatter 03 祥林嫂的一生是受压迫受欺辱的一生,是不断挣扎和反抗的一生,但以孔孟之道为反动理论基础的封建社会的四大绳索\u0026mdash;\u0026mdash;政权、族权、神权和夫权却紧紧地束缚她。她不仅在物质上、肉体上受尽压榨和摧残,而且在精神上也受尽种种鄙视和嘲笑;不仅生前哀哀无告,还须怀着恐怖走向死亡\u0026mdash;\u0026mdash;对于她,不是意味着悲惨生活的结束,而是成了另一种最大的恐怖的开始,这就深刻揭露了封建礼教和迷信勾结一起残酷压迫劳动人民的本质。祥林嫂的形象,是鲁迅深刻地概括了封建社会千百万被压迫人民的遭遇而写成的一个悲惨的典型人物,它有力地控诉了孔老二反动礼教的思想实质和封建主义制度的野蛮性和残酷性。杀人不见而血的刽子手鲁四,就是孔老二的徒子徒孙。鲁迅先生写这篇作品,就是为了号召人民向这些吃人的势力进行斗争。 在当前批林批孔的斗争中,《祝福》对于识破孔孟之道的反动本质有着一定的意义,困此我们编绘这本连环画出版。 The life of Xianglin\u0026rsquo;s wife was a life filled with oppression and humiliation, a life of constant struggle and resistance. But the four major feudal bonds \u0026ndash; political authority, kinship authority, theocratic authority and patriarchic authority \u0026ndash; bound her tightly to the Confucian and Menzian doctrines, which serve as the basis of the reactionary feudal society. She not only suffered severely from material and physical oppression and destruction, but also suffered psychologically from all sorts of contempt and mockery. Page 01 有一年初冬,鲁镇鲁四老爷家里要换女工,做中人的卫老婆子带来了一个女工,年纪大约二十六,七岁,脸色青黄,但两颊却还是红的。 One year in early winter, the family of Mr. Lu in the town of Luzhen wanted to change their female worker. Old Wei, who acted as a middlewoman, brought a female worker, roughly 26 or 27 years old. She had a sallow face, but her cheeks were still reddish. Page 02 卫老婆子叫她祥林嫂,说是自己母家的邻舍,死了当家人,所以出来做工。鲁四老爷皱了皱眉,鲁四太太已经知道了他的意思,是在讨厌她是一个寡妇。 Old Wei called her Xianglin\u0026rsquo;s wife, said she was her maternal family\u0026rsquo;s neighbour, and she came out to work because her husband had died. Mr. Lu frowned, and his wife immediately knew what he meant, that he disliked the status of Xianglin\u0026rsquo;s wife as a widow. Page 03 但鲁四太太看祥林嫂模样还周正,手脚都壮大,很像一个安分耐劳的人,便不管四老爷的皱眉,将她留下试工了。 But Mrs. Lu thought her appearance very presentable, with strong hands and feet, and she looked like an honest and hard-working person, so she and kept her for a trial period regardless of Mr. Lu\u0026rsquo;s frown. Page 04 试工期内,祥林嫂整天的做,似乎闲着就无聊,她又有力,简直抵得过一个男子,所以第三天就定局,每月钱五百文。 During the trial period, Xianglin\u0026rsquo;s wife worked around the clock and seemed to get bored whenever she was idle. Besides, she was so strong that she could compete over a man, so on the third day, it was settled that she would stay and earn 500 wen per month. Page 05 祥林嫂不很爱说话,别人问了才回答,答的也不多。直到十几天之后,别人陆续的知道:她家里还有严厉的婆婆,一个小叔子;她是春天没了丈夫的,她丈夫活着时打柴为生,比她小十岁。大家所知道的也就只是这一点。 Xianglin\u0026rsquo;s wife did not talk much and answered only when addressed, and her answers were brief. A dozen days had passed before other people learned bit-by-bit, that she had a harsh mother-in-law at home and a younger brother-in-law; she had lost her husband in the spring; her husband, 10 years younger than her, had gathered firewood for a living before he died. These were all that people knew about her. Page 06 日子很快的过去了,她的做工却毫没有松懈。人们都说鲁四老爷家里雇着了女工,实在比勤快的男人还勤快。到年底,扫尘,洗地,杀鸡,宰鹅,彻夜的煮福礼,全是一人担当,竟没有添短工。她的口角边渐渐的有了笑影,脸上也白胖了。 The days passed quickly, but her work never slacked off. Everyone said the female worker employed by Mr. Lu indeed was more diligent than a diligent man. By the end of the year, sweeping the dust, washing the ground, killing the chickens, slaughtering the geese, and preparing blessing ceremonies all night long, all of which were done by her alone without additional short-term helpers. The corners of her mouth gradually had a hint of a smile, her face also grew fairer and plumber. Page 07 新年才过,祥林嫂从河边淘米回来时,忽而失了色,说刚才远远的看见一个男人在对岸徘徊,很像夫家的堂伯,恐怕是正为寻她而来了。鲁四太太很惊疑,打听底细,她又不说。 Just after the new year, once when Xianglin\u0026rsquo;s wife came back from rinsing rice by the river, she suddenly went pale and said that she just saw from afar a man pacing up and down on the other side of the riverband, who looked very similar to her husband\u0026rsquo;s cousin. She was afraid that he had come to find her. Mrs. Lu was suspicious, but when she asked for details, Xianglin\u0026rsquo;s wife would not say anything. Page 08 鲁四老爷一知道,就皱一皱眉,对四太太说:这不好。恐怕她是逃出来的! When Mr. Lu found out about this, he frowned and said to his wife: \u0026ldquo;This isn\u0026rsquo;t good. I\u0026rsquo;m afraid she ran away from her family!\u0026rdquo; Page 09 此后大约十几天,卫老婆子忽而带了一个女人来了,说是祥林嫂的婆婆。那女人虽是山里人模样,然而应酬很从容,说她特地来叫她的儿媳回家去,因为开春事务忙,家中人手不够。 About ten days later, Old Wei suddenly brought a woman, saying that she was the mother-in-law of Xianglin\u0026rsquo;s wife. Although the woman looked like a peasant from the mountains, her social manner was very decent. She explained that she was here to take her daughter-in-law back home as her family was short of labor in the start of a busy spring. Page 10 鲁四老爷说:“既是她的婆婆要她回去,那有什么话可以说呢。”于是算清了工钱,祥林嫂一文没有用,都交给婆婆。那女人又取了衣服,道过谢,出去了。其实已经是正午。 Mr. Lu said, \u0026ldquo;now that her mother-in-law wants her to go home, what can we say?\u0026rdquo; Then they settled her wages. As Xianglin\u0026rsquo;s wife had not used a single coin, the entire sum was handed over to her mother-in-law. The woman picked up the clothes of Xianglin\u0026rsquo;s wife, thanked Mr. Lu, and then left. It was already midday. Page 11 好一会,四太太这才惊叫起来:“啊呀,米呢?祥林嫂不是去淘米的么?”于是大家分头寻淘箩。四太太先到厨下,再到堂前,后到卧房,全不见淘箩的影子。 After a while, Mrs. Lu cried out, \u0026ldquo;Ah, where is the rice? Didn\u0026rsquo;t Xianglin\u0026rsquo;s wife go out to rinse the rice?\u0026rdquo; People scattered up to look for the rice basket. Mrs. Lu checked the kitchen, then the hall, afterwards the bedroom, but she didn\u0026rsquo;t see even a shadow of it. Page 12 四老爷踱出门外,也不见,直到河边,才见淘箩平平正正的放在岸上,旁边还有一株菜。 Mr. Lu checked outside, and did not find any trace of it either. He finally found it placed neatly on the river bank, with a bunch of vegetables next to it. Page 13 看见的人报告说,河里面上午就停了一只白篷船,篷是全盖起来的。待到祥林嫂出来淘米,刚刚要跪下去,船里便突然跳出两个男人来,像是山里人,一个抱住她,一个帮着,拖进船去。 Bystanders reported that there had been a boat moored on the river since the morning, fully covered with a white canopy. When Xianglin\u0026rsquo;s wife knelt down to wash the rice, two men looking like peasants from the mountains suddenly jumped out of the boat. One man caught her and, with the help of the other, dragged her into the boat. Page 14 又说,祥林嫂还哭喊了几声,此后便再也没有什么声息,大约给用什么堵住了罢。接着就走上两个女人来,一个不认识,一个就是卫老婆子。窥探舱里,不很分明,祥林嫂像是捆了躺在船板上。 They continued to report, that Xianglin\u0026rsquo;s wife cried out a few times and then fell into silence. Her mouth was probably stuffed by something. Afterwards, two women appeared, one of them unknown, the other one Old Wei. The bystanders peeped in. It was not quite clear, but Xianglin\u0026rsquo;s wife seemed to be tied up lying on the deck. Page 15 午饭之后,卫老婆子又来了。四老爷说:“可恶!”四太太愤愤地说:“你自己荐她来,又合伙劫她去,成个什么样子?你拿我们家里开玩笑么?” Old Wei came again after lunch. Mr. Lu said, \u0026ldquo;How dreadful is this!\u0026rdquo; Mrs. Lu said angrily, \u0026ldquo;It was you yourself who recommended her to work here, and now you just helped others to kidnap her back, what is this? Are you trying to make a joke out of our family?\u0026rdquo; Page 16 卫老婆子连忙说:“啊呀啊呀! 我真上当。对不起,四老爷,四太太。她来求我荐地方,我哪里料得到是瞒着她的婆婆的呢。这一回我一定荐一个好的来折罪……。” Old Wei answered hurriedly, \u0026ldquo;Ah, ah! I was fooled. I apologize for this, Mr. and Mrs. Lu. She had come to me and begged for a work recommendation. How could I have known that she concealed this from her mother-in-law? Next time, I will find someone better to make up for the mistake.\u0026rdquo; Page 17 原来祥林嫂瞒着她婆婆出来做工, 她婆婆要给小儿子娶媳妇,不把她嫁了就没有钱做聘礼,所以把她许给了贺家墺的贺老六。祥林嫂回家之后,她婆婆就逼她上轿。 As it turned out, Xianglin\u0026rsquo;s wife had left for work without telling her mother-in-law. Her mother-in-law wanted to find a wife for her younger son, and without the income from marrying her off they could not afford to pay the bride price. Xianglin's wife was thus promised to He Laoliu of Hejia Village. After Xianglin\u0026rsquo;s wife came home, her mother-in-law forced her to enter the bridal sedan chair. Page 18 祥林嫂不依,她婆婆就叫小儿子把她用绳子一捆,塞在花轿里。祥林嫂一路只是嚎,骂,花轿抬到贺家墺,她喉咙已经全哑了。 Xianglin\u0026rsquo;s wife would not comply, so her mother-in-law told the younger son to tie her up with a rope and shove her into the sedan chair. Xianglin\u0026rsquo;s wife howled and cursed the whole way, so by the time they arrived at Hejia Village, she was completely hoarse. Page 19 拉出轿来,贺老六的哥哥和祥林嫂的小叔子使劲的擒住她,也还拜不成天地。 After being pulled out of the sedan chair, He Laoliu\u0026rsquo;s brother and her late husband\u0026rsquo;s brother exerted all their strength to restrain her, nonetheless they still could not make her complete the kowtows of the wedding ceremony. Page 20 他们一不小心,一松手,祥林嫂就一头撞在香案角上,头上碰了一个大窟窿,鲜血直流,用了两把香灰,包上两块红布还止不住血。 When they, for a second, accidentally loosened their grip, Xianglin\u0026rsquo;s wife rammed her head into the corner of the incense burner table. She struck a large hole into her head, and fresh blood was flowing. They put two handfuls of incense ash on the wound and wrapped it with two pieces of red cloth, but they still could not stop the blood flow. Page 21 直到他们七手八脚地将她和贺老六反关在新房里,她还是骂。 Even when they, with many other people lending hands, finally managed to lock her and He Laoliu up in the bridal chamber, she still kept on cursing. Page 22 后来,祥林嫂到底拗不过,这才依顺了。贺老六有的是力气,会做活,房子是自家的,上头又没有婆婆,别人都说她交了好运。到年底,她就生了一个胖儿子,取名阿毛。 At last, Xianglin\u0026rsquo;s wife was unable to resist any longer, and she obeyed. He Laoliu had strength, he could work, the house was his family\u0026rsquo;s, and there was no mother-in-law over her head, so others said that she hit the jackpot. At the end of the year, she gave birth to a plump son named Ah Mao. Page 23 不料过了三年,贺老六染上伤寒症,本来已经好了的,吃了一碗冷饭,复发了,年纪青青的丧了命。 Unexpectedly, after three years, He Laoliu caught typhoid fever. He had already recovered, but after eating a bowl of cold rice, he relapsed and died at a young age. Page 24 祥林嫂打柴,摘茶, 养蚕,苦苦的扶养着儿子阿毛。 Xianglin\u0026rsquo;s wife gathered firewood, plucked tea, raised silkworms, struggling to raise her son Ah Mao. Page 25 第二年春天,这一日,祥林嫂一清早起来就开了门,拿小篮盛了一篮豆,叫阿毛坐在门槛上剥豆子。 One day in the following spring, Xianglin\u0026rsquo;s wife opened the door early in the morning, scooped a basketful of beans into a small basket, and called Ah Mao to sit at the threshold and shell beans. Page 26 她自己就在屋后劈柴,淘米,米下了锅,要蒸豆了,她这才叫阿毛。 She herself was at the back of the house chopping firewood and rinsing rice. After putting the rice into the pot, it was time to steam the beans, and only then did she call Ah Mao. Page 27 没有应,她出来一看,只见豆撒得一地,没有她的阿毛了。 When there was no response, she went outside to look. All that could be seen were beans scattered all over the ground. Her Ah Mao was gone. Page 28 她各处去问,都没有,她急了,央人出去寻。 She asked around everywhere, but no one had seen him. She became worried, and begged people to go search for him. Page 29 直到下半天,寻来寻去寻到山墺里,看见刺柴上挂着一只阿毛的小鞋。大家都说:“糟了,怕是遭了狼了。” Until the afternoon, they searched all over and reached a mountain clearing, where they saw one of Ah Mao\u0026rsquo;s little shoes hanging on a thorny branch. They all said: \u0026ldquo;Oh no, it looks like a wolf got him.\u0026rdquo; Page 30 再寻进去,阿毛果然躺在草窠里,肚里的五脏已经都给狼吃空了,手上还紧紧地捏着那只小篮。 Continuing the search, they indeed found Ah Mao lying in a grassy den, his guts already eaten away by the wolf. His hand was still tightly grasping the small basket. Page 31 现在,祥林嫂只剩了一个光身了。 Now, Xianglin\u0026rsquo;s wife was left with nothing but her lone self. Page 32 到秋天,贺老六的哥哥竟来收屋,把她赶了出来。 When autumn came, He Laoliu\u0026rsquo;s older brother took over the house and threw her. Page 33 祥林嫂走投无路,只好拎了一只荸荠式的圆篮,一个小铺盖,又到鲁镇来找卫老婆子。 Xianglin\u0026rsquo;s wife had nowhere to go, carrying around a basket shaped like a water chestnut and a small bedroll, she came again to Luzhen looking for Old Wei. Page 34 卫老婆子又将她带来鲁四老爷家里来了。四太太踌踌了一会,便叫祥林嫂拿圆篮和铺盖到下房去。四老爷照例皱皱眉,但鉴于向来雇用女工之难,也就并不大反对。 Old Wei brought her to Mr. Lu\u0026rsquo;s house again. His wife hesitated for a while, but eventually told Xianglin\u0026rsquo;s wife to bring her basket and bedroll to the servant\u0026rsquo;s room. Mr. Lu frowned as usual, but in view of the difficulty of employing female workers, he did not oppose. Page 35 四老爷只是暗暗告诫四太太说,祥林嫂这种人虽然似乎很可怜,但是败坏风俗,用她帮忙还可以,祭祀时候可用不着她沾手,否则,不干不净,祖宗不是吃的。 Mr. Lu cautioned his wife in private, that although someone like Xianglin\u0026rsquo;s wife seems pitiful, she exerts a bad moral influence. It is okay to use her help, but she should not lend a hand during the sacrifices. Otherwise, the ancestors would not eat on because of her taints. Page 36 鲁四老爷家里最重大的事件是祭祀,祥林嫂先前最忙的时候也就是祭祀,这回她却清闲了。桌子放在堂中央,她去分配酒杯和筷子。四太太慌忙地说:“祥林嫂, 你放着罢!我来摆。” Sacrificing to the ancestors was the biggest event for the family of Mr. Lu. Previously, the sacrifices were also the busiest time for Xianglin\u0026rsquo;s wife. This time, however, she had nothing to do. The table was set in the centre of the hall, and she went to distribute glasses and chopsticks. Mrs. Lu rushed to say: \u0026ldquo;Xianglin\u0026rsquo;s wife, leave it there! I\u0026rsquo;ll do it.\u0026rdquo; Page 37 她只好缩了手,又去取烛台,四太太慌忙地说:“祥林嫂,你放着罢!我来拿。” She was forced to withdraw her hand and went to pick up a candlestick. Mrs. Lu said in a panic: \u0026ldquo;Xianglin\u0026rsquo;s wife, leave it there! I\u0026rsquo;ll get it.\u0026rdquo; Page 38 她转了几个圆圈,终于没有事情做,只得疑惑的走开。她在这一天可做的事只不过坐在灶下烧火。 After making a few rounds around the house, finally, there was nothing left for her to do but to walk away in confusion. All she could do on this day was to sit by the stove and tend to the fire. Page 39 镇上的人们仍然叫她祥林嫂,但音调和先前很不同;也还和她讲话,但笑容却冷冷的了。她全不理会那些事,只是直着眼睛,和大家讲她的儿子遭狼的故事,讲完就淌下眼泪来,声音也呜咽了。 Townspeople still called her Xianglin\u0026rsquo;s wife, but the tone was very different from before. They still talked with her, but their smiles had turned cold. She ignored those things, and with straight eyes she told everyone the story of how her son had been attacked by a wolf. When she finished her tale, she shed tears and her voice choked with sobs. Page 40 这故事倒颇有效,男人听了,往往收起笑容,没趣的走开了;女人们却像宽恕了她似的,脸上立刻改换了鄙薄的神气,还要陪出许多眼泪来。 This story worked quite effectively. The men would stop smiling and walk away uninterestedly after they heard it. The women would seem to forgive her, immediately changing the contemptuous looks on their faces, and shedding tears along with her. Page 41 她就只是反复的向人说她悲惨的故事,倘一看见两三岁的小孩子,她就想引出她的阿毛的故事来,说:“唉唉!我们的阿毛如果还在,也就有这么大了。……” She just kept telling people again and again about her tragedy. Whenever she saw a two- or three-year-old child, she would bring up the story about her Ah-mao, and say, \u0026ldquo;Ah ah! If our Ah-mao were still alive, he would be around that age…\u0026rdquo; Page 42 但不久,全镇的人们几乎都能背诵她的话,一听到就烦厌得头痛,立即打断她的话,走开去了,让她张着口怔怔地站着。 But before long, almost everyone in town could recite her words. As soon as they heard it, they instantly turned very annoyed, interrupted her at once, walked away, and left her standing in a daze with her mouth hanging open. Page 43 从此她死尸似的脸上就整日没有笑影,主人们觉得她手脚也没有先前那样灵活,口气上更有些不满了。 From then on, the smile had disappeared from her corpse-like face. Her employers found her work not as efficient as before, therefore their tone towards her became more dissatisfied. Page 44 转眼又到了年底,腊月二十以后,鲁四老爷家里又要忙着过新年了,这回另叫柳妈做帮手。柳妈是善女人,吃素,不肯杀鸡宰鹅,只管洗器皿。祥林嫂除烧火之外,没有别的事,闲坐着看柳妈洗器皿。 In the blink of an eye, it was the end of another year. After the 20th day of the twelfth lunar month, the Lu household was busy with the New Year\u0026rsquo;s celebration again. This time, they found an extra help, Auntie Liu. Auntie Liu was a Buddhist vegetarian woman who refused to kill chickens and geese, but merely washed the vessels. Xianglin\u0026rsquo;s wife had nothing to do except tend the fire, so she sat idly watching Auntie Liu wash the vessels. Page 45 柳妈看着祥林嫂说:“你和你第二个男人过活不到两年,倒落了一件罪名。你将来到阴司去,那两个死鬼的男人还要争,你给谁好呢?阎罗大王只好把你锯开来,分给他们。” Auntie Liu looked at Xianglin\u0026rsquo;s wife and said: \u0026ldquo;You and your second husband were together for less than two years, yet you are guilty of a great sin. When you arrive in the nether world, the ghosts of those two husbands will fight, whom will you be given to? The great king Yama will have to saw you apart and divide you between them.\u0026rdquo; Page 46 她听了柳妈的话,脸上就显出恐怖的神色来。柳吗接着说:“我想,你不如及早抵当。你到土地庙里。去捐一条门槛,当作你的替身,给千人踏,万人跨,赎了这一世的罪名,免得死了去受苦。” When she heard Auntie Liu\u0026rsquo;s words, a look of horror appeared on her face. Auntie Liu continued: \u0026ldquo;I think, it would be better if you go to compensate for it as soon as possible. Go to the Temple of the Village God. Donate a threshold, make it as your substitute, let thousands of people step on it, let tens of thousands of people cross over it in order to atone for your sins in life, so that you will not have to suffer in death. Page 47 头天晚上,祥林嫂想着柳妈的话,越想越怕,到天亮才蒙胧睡去,又做了一个恶梦。第二天,早饭之后,她便到镇西头的土地庙里去求捐门槛。庙祝起初不允许,直到她急得流泪,才勉强答应了。价目是大钱十二千。 That evening, Xianglin\u0026rsquo;s wife thought about Auntie Liu\u0026rsquo;s words, the more she thought about it the more afraid she became. Only at dawn did she fall into a hazy sleep, and even then she had a nightmare. The next day, after breakfast, she went to the Temple of the Village God at the west end of town to ask to donate a threshold. At first, the temple attendant did not give his permission, only when she shed tears out of fear did he grudgingly agree. Page 48 从此,她整日紧闭了,默默的跑街,扫地,洗菜,淘米。快够一年,她才从四太太手里支取了历来积存的工钱,换算了十二元鹰洋,又请假镇西头去。 From then on, she became entirely closed off, silently walking the streets, sweeping the floor, washing vegetables and rinsing rice. It was almost a year later when she asked Mrs. Lu for her accumulated wages, adding up to 12 yuan and again took leave to go to the west end of the town. Page 49 回来的时候,她神气舒畅,眼光也分外有神,高兴似的对四太太说,她已经在土地庙捐了门槛了。 When she came home, her spirit was entirely free from worry, and her eyes were exceptionally bright, looking happy she told Mrs. Lu that she had already been at the Temple of the Village God and donated a threshold. Page 50 可是到冬至的祭祖时节,祥林嫂看四太太装好祭品,便坦然去拿酒杯和筷子。不料四太太照旧慌忙地大声说:“你放着罢,祥林嫂!” When it came to the winter solstice and the sacrifices to the ancestors, Xianglin\u0026rsquo;s wife saw Mrs. Lu preparing the sacrificial offerings and went to get the wine cups and chopsticks. But to her surprise, Mrs. Lu, as before, rushed to say: \u0026ldquo;Leave it there, Xianglin\u0026rsquo;s wife!\u0026rdquo; Page 51 她像是受了炮烙似的缩了手,脸色同时变作灰黑,也不再去取烛台,只是失神的站着。 She withdrew her hand as if it had been branded with red-hot metal, her face instantly became ashen, and she did not try again to fetch the candlestick, but just stood there dejectedly. Page 52 直到四老爷上香的时候,叫她走开,她才走开。她疑惑的想:难道自己已经在土地庙捐了门槛,还不能赎了这一世的罪名么?…… Only when Mr. Lu burned the joss sticks and ordered her to leave did she leave. Feeling uncertain, she thought: Could it be that despite having already paid for a threshold in contribution to the village temple, she still could not redeem herself from the sins of this life? … Page 53 这一回她的变化非常大,第二天,不但眼睛凹陷下去,连精神也更不济了,而且很胆怯,有如在白天出穴游行的小鼠;否则呆坐着简直是一个木偶人。 This time, there was a huge change in her. The next day, her eyes were sunken down, her spirit further wasted away, and she became very timid, like a mouse wandering out of its hole in daytime; on other occasions she sat blankly, like a puppet. Page 54 不到半年,她头发也花白起来了,记性尤其坏,甚而至于常常忘却了去淘米。四太太有时当面就说:“祥林嫂怎么这样了?倒不如那时不留她。”似乎是警告她,想打发她走了。 Within half a year, her hair started to turn white, her memory became particularly poor, even to the point that she frequently forgot to go and rinse rice. Mrs. Lu sometimes said right in front of her: \u0026ldquo;How come Xianglin\u0026rsquo;s wife becomes like this? It would have been better if we hadn\u0026rsquo;t kept her.\u0026rdquo; It was as if she was warning her that she wanted to dismiss her. Page 55 不久,四太太终于停了祥林嫂的工,叫她回到卫老婆子那里去。镇上谁家都不肯雇用她,卫老婆子也没法收留,祥林嫂就成了乞丐。她头发全白,不像四十上下的人了。 Before long, Mrs. Lu finally suspended Xianglin\u0026rsquo;s wife\u0026rsquo;s work and told her to return to Old Wei\u0026rsquo;s. No household in town was willing to employ her, and Old Wei was unable to take her in, so Xianglin\u0026rsquo;s wife became a beggar. Her hair turned completely white, and she did not look like a person in their forties anymore. Page 56 她见到识字的人,就用眼钉着问:“一个人死了之后,究竟有没有魂灵的?……死掉的一家人,真的都能见面么?……”但是,有谁能回答她呢!就是答得出,又能给她多少安慰呢! When she came across someone literate, she fixed her stare at him and asked: \u0026ldquo;When a person dies, do they actually have a soul? \u0026hellip; Dead families, can they truly meet each other? \u0026hellip; \u0026quot; But, who could answer her! Even if they gave an answer, how much comfort could this give her! Page 57 转眼又到了年底,鲁镇的人家照例都又在“祝福”。这天天色阴暗,雪花乱糟糟的飞舞着,当鲁四老爷家里迎过福神,正在大放爆竹的时候,祥林嫂倒在河边,静悄悄的死了。 In the blink of an eye, it was the end of another year, the households of Luzhen were as usual all \u0026ldquo;performing the new year\u0026rsquo;s sacrifice\u0026rdquo;. The day was gloomy, the snowflakes danced wildly in the air, just as the Lu household welcomed the God of Fortune, right when the fireworks were being set off, Xianglin\u0026rsquo;s wife collapsed by the river bank and died quietly. This essay has been developed as part of the project \u0026ldquo;The Politics of Reading in the People\u0026rsquo;s Republic of China\u0026rdquo; (READCHINA) which has received funding from the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union\u0026rsquo;s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme (grant agreement No. 757365) and as part of the class \u0026ldquo;Comics in China\u0026rdquo; (winter 2021/2022) taught at the University of Freiburg.\u0026#160;\u0026#x21a9;\u0026#xfe0e;\n"},{"id":249,"href":"/comics/biao/","title":"The Watch 表 (1980)","section":"READCHINA: lianhuanhua","content":" The Watch 表 (1980) # By Leonid Panteleyev, adapted by Dong Qingdong 董青冬, illustrated by Hua Sanchuan 华三川, Beijing: Lianhuanhua chubanshe, 2003. (Reprint of an earlier edition by Renmin meishu chubanshe, Beijing, 1980, translated by Laura Aymar, Bettina Jin, Piet Kortenjan, Lena Henningsen, Sascha Sacknieß, Sophia Schöller, Joschua Seiler, Miriam Stadler, Yixiong Wang and Jenny Wiggermann).1\nIntroduction to the Text # Lena Henningsen\n\u0026ldquo;The Watch\u0026rdquo; is a soviet Russian children\u0026rsquo;s story whose transcultural journey into China merits attention. The author, Leonid Panteleyev (also: Panteleev, pen name of Alexei Ivanovich Jeremejew) was born 1908 in St. Petersburg and died 1987 in the same city (then called Leningrad). After the turmoil of the October Revolution, the family had left the city and Panteleyev returned alone in 1921. He ended up in a school commune for homeless and difficult youngsters. Together with Grigory Georgiyevich Belykh (1906-1938), Panteleyev wrote the novel The Republic of ShKID (published in 1927) which is based to some extent on their experiences there. \u0026ldquo;The Watch\u0026rdquo; is set in a similar environment and was published only a year later in 1928. Panteleyev later continued to weave historical events into the stories he wrote for children and youth readers.\nAddressing a young readership, the plot of \u0026ldquo;The Watch\u0026rdquo; serves a certain didactic agenda, which it combines with elements of a bildungsroman and entertaining, sometimes even comic scenes and episodes. The characters are lively, and defy easy characterization into \u0026ldquo;good\u0026rdquo; or \u0026ldquo;bad\u0026rdquo;. The adults may be strict, but believe in the good sides of the children. Petka \u0026ndash; the protagonist of the story \u0026ndash; is an eleven-year-old boy who learned to survive on the streets and at first appears as a stubborn and unruly character. The treatment he receives at the reformatory to which he is sent, however, help him mature into a responsible young boy diligently studying and doing his chores for the community. Also, he acknowledges past mistakes \u0026ndash; and tries to amend them, at least to a certain degree, leaving a certain amount of ambivalence right to the end. This situates the story firmly within the socialist literary cosmos, as a children\u0026rsquo;s story affirming the values of the communist system, while at the same time calling for a sympathetic reading, for taking sides with the protagonist, despite (or because of) the ambivalence of his character.\nSoon after its publication, \u0026ldquo;The Watch\u0026rdquo; was translated into into Spanish (El Reloj o Las Aventuras de Petika, published in 1931 by Cenit) and into German (Die Uhr, transl. Maria Eisenstein, published in 1930 by Verlag der Jugendinternationale). In Nazi Germany, it was forbidden, but was republished both in East and West Germany after the War. The first East German publication appeared in 1949 and saw countless republications until the 1980s, though not without controversies as some found the contradictions within the soviet system inappropriate in a literary text for children (Pieper 2006: 1048-1049). The first West German publication appeared in 1974, with two more publications until the late 1980s.\nThe Chinese translation was produced by no one less than Lu Xun in 1935, shortly before his death and was based on the German translation. In the preface to the translation, Lu Xun also acknowledges a translation into Japanese which helped him through the text and some of its idiomatic expressions, but he took the German version as his core point of reference. He also states as his aim that the story should provide young readers in China with new contents (as opposed to the old contents in most available literature) and target them by using words that a ten-year-old would be able to read (Lu Xun 1935: \u0026ldquo;Preface\u0026rdquo;). \u0026ldquo;The Watch\u0026rdquo; is one of a few pieces of children\u0026rsquo;s literature translated by Lu Xun and thus form part of the effort of Lu Xun and a number of other members of his generation to foster the creation of an indigenous children\u0026rsquo;s literature. While most of the children\u0026rsquo;s literature translated by Lu Xun still had a predominantly adult readership, \u0026ldquo;The Watch\u0026rdquo; enjoyed distinct popularity among younger readers and was even staged as a children\u0026rsquo;s play in Kunming during the 1940s (Lundberg 1989: 196-208; 264).\nOverall, the lianhuanhua follows the plot line set out in the original story, and in a number of places, it uses phrases from Lu Xun\u0026rsquo;s translation. There are, however, significant simplifications in a number of sub-plots and in the overall language of the text \u0026ndash; targeting, most likely, juvenile readers almost half a century later. Often, and similar to other literary adaptations into lianhuanhua, words from Lu Xun\u0026rsquo;s translation find their way into the characters\u0026rsquo; speech. In the beginning and the end, the lianhuanhua follows the plot line closely in its illustrations, spending one or two panels on each page in the translation. In the middle, however, the lianhuanhua strides forward at a faster pace thus significantly reducing the content reproduced. This holds true, in particular, for the passages which delve into Petka\u0026rsquo;s inner life: page 40, thus omits a longish passage in which Petka fantasizes about what he would want to buy in exchange for the golden watch; page 49 omits a quarrel among the boys, a dream by Petka and a reference to Gogol\u0026rsquo;s Nose and the merits of reading; pages 54-57 reduce the content of 14 pages and thus purge several explorations of moral values, responsibility, and guilt; likewise, Petka\u0026rsquo;s transformation is treated much more elaborately in the original (page 65 as compared to p. 82 in the translation) \u0026ndash; and the amusements that Petka and Natasha experience are reduced from 5 pages to just one page (66).\nThe story gained what may be called second order prominence in 1977 through the short story \u0026ldquo;The Class Teacher\u0026rdquo; (班主任) by Liu Xinwu 刘心武 (Liu 1977). This story is one of the central texts of the scar literature genre, a first attempt to confront the pain and scars inflicted upon individuals during the Cultural Revolution. As I have elaborated elsewhere (Henningsen 2022 forthcoming), \u0026ldquo;The Watch\u0026rdquo; operates as a powerful intertext to \u0026ldquo;The Class Teacher\u0026rdquo;: On the first level, Teacher Zhang, the protagonist of the story, discusses the text with his students in order to come to terms with a prospective new student in the class. Lu Xun is explicitly referred to in the story as having translated the story with \u0026ldquo;great ardor\u0026rdquo;, thus adding to the weight of the story. On the second level, \u0026ldquo;The Watch\u0026rdquo; provides the narrative frame for the plot line of \u0026ldquo;The Class Teacher\u0026rdquo; as the plot of the latter text is clearly modeled on the first. Knowledge of \u0026ldquo;The Watch\u0026rdquo; thus adds another layer of interpretation to \u0026ldquo;The Class Teacher\u0026rdquo;. Soon after, in 1980, the present adaptation appeared as a lianhuanhua \u0026ndash; almost contemporaneous to the lianhuanhua version of \u0026ldquo;The Class Teacher\u0026rdquo; (Liu 1978).\nReferences # Henningsen, Lena 2022 (forthcoming): \u0026ldquo;Fictional Texts as Sites of Knowledge: From Intertexts to Transtextuality\u0026rdquo;, in: Martin Hofmann, Virginia Leung, Joachim Kurtz [ed.]: Wissensorte in China, Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz.\nLiu Xinwu 刘心武 1977: \u0026ldquo;The Class Teacher\u0026rdquo; 班主任, in Renmin wenxue 11, 16\u0026ndash;29.\nLiu Xinwu 刘心武 1978: The Class Teacher 班主任, adapted by Sun Jianying 孙剑影, illustrated by Xu Xiuyu 徐修余, Jiangsu: Jiangsu renmin chubanshe.\nLiu, Hsin-wu (Liu Xinwu) 1979: \u0026ldquo;The Class Teacher\u0026rdquo;, in: Yang, Winston L. Y., Nathan K. Mao [eds.]: Stories of Contemporary China, New York: Paragon Book Gallery, 83-103.\nLiu, Xinwu 1995 (1978): \u0026ldquo;The Class Teacher\u0026rdquo; (transl. Zhihua Fang), in: Fang, Zhihua [ed.]: Chinese Short Stories of the Twentieth Century: An Anthology in English, New York: Garland Publishing, 85-120.\nLu, Xun 鲁迅 [1935]: \u0026ldquo;Preface\u0026rdquo;, in: Panteleyev, Leonid [1935]: The Watch 表, transl. by Lu Xun 鲁迅, Shanghai: Shenghuo Shudian, I-IV.\nLundberg, Lennart 1989: Lu Xun as a Translator: Lu Xun\u0026rsquo;s Translation and Introduction of Literature and Literary Theory, 1903-1936, Stockholm: Orientaliska Studier, Stockholm University.\nPanteleyev, Leonid [1935]: The Watch 表, transl. by Lu Xun 鲁迅, Shanghai: Shenghuo Shudian.\nPanteleyev, Leonid 2003 [1980]: The Watch 表, adapted by Zhong Qingdong 重青冬, Hua Sanchuan 华三川 Beijing: Lianhuanhua chubanshe.\nPantelejew, Leonid [1958]: Die Uhr, transl. by Maria Eisenstein, illustrated by Paul Rosiè, Berlin: Der Kinderbuchverlag.\nPieper, Katrin 2006: \u0026ldquo;Die besten Helden: Literatur für Kinder und Jugendliche nach sowjetischen Vorbildern\u0026rdquo;, in: Karl Eimermacher and Astrid Volpert [ed.]: Tauwetter, Eiszeit und gelenkte Dialoge: Russen und Deutsche nach 1945, München: Wilhelm Fink Verlag, 1033-1056.\nAbout the translation This translation is the outcome of a joint translation project taught in the winter of 2020/2021 at the University of Freiburg. Our aim in this translation was to remain as faithful as possible to the Chinese original while at the same time conveying a tone of narration in line with a comic book addressed to young readers based on a \u0026ldquo;classical\u0026rdquo; piece of children\u0026rsquo;s literature. As the story takes place in early 20th century Russia, the given names of the characters are given in Russian. Front and back cover Frontmatter Page 01 彼蒂加对做过的事情都糊涂得很。他在市场里到处走,什么都想过了。他又懊恼、又伤心。他饿得很,想买点儿吃的,可是口袋里一分钱也没有。 Petka was confused about the things he had done. He walked around the marketplace thinking about all sorts of things. He was frustrated and sad. He was terribly hungry and wanted to buy something to eat, but he did not have any money in his pocket. Page 02 忽然,他看见一个女人在卖蛋饼,那蛋饼焦黄、松脆,还冒着热气。他馋得直流 口涎,于是走过去,拿起一个蛋饼,嗅了一嗅,塞在袋子里,转身走开了。 All of a sudden, he saw a woman selling pancakes which were brown, crisp and gave off hot steam. His mouth was watering, so he went and took one of the pancakes, smelled it, stuffed it in his pocket, turned around and walked away. Page 03 那女人追了过来,一把抓住他的肩膀,嚷道:“你偷东西!还我蛋饼!” The woman chased after him, grabbed his shoulder and shouted: \u0026ldquo;You thief! Give back my pancake!\u0026rdquo; Page 04 随着那女人的叫嚷声,一下子围上一大群人。人们把他拖在地上,毒打了一顿,接着又把他拉到警察局去。 Following the woman\u0026rsquo;s shouting, a group of people immediately gathered around them. They dragged him to the floor, beat him relentlessly and took him to the police station. Page 05 他被拘留了。他仰望窗外清朗、明净和蓝的发亮的天空,苦恼在脑子里打转:人生是多么糟糕!只为了一个蛋饼……他只等待着临头的命运。 He was held in custody and looked outside the window at the bright, clear and shining sky as his sorrows were whirling around his head: \u0026ldquo;Life is so terrible! Only for a pancake…\u0026rdquo; He was just waiting for his impending fate. Page 06 忽然,传来一阵敲击木头隔板的声音:“老爷!同志!放我出去吧!看在老天爷面上!我的孩子们在等我呢!”一股浓烈的酒气涌了过来。原来那是个醉汉。 Suddenly, he noticed a tapping sound on the wooden wall: \u0026ldquo;Masters! Comrades! Let me out! In the name of God! My children are waiting for me!\u0026rdquo; A wave of boozy breath came over. It turned out to be a drunkard. Page 07 真是可笑极了。“傻瓜,”彼蒂加说,“我怎么能放你出去呢?我也是像你一样,关在这里的呀!” This was ridiculous! \u0026ldquo;You fool\u0026rdquo;, Petka said, \u0026ldquo;how can I let you out? I am locked up in here just like you!\u0026rdquo; Page 08 “局长同志,请您放我出去吧!你瞧,这是多好的一块金表呀!”果然,从板缝里伸过一只手,手掌里托着一块闪闪发光的金表。表链上还挂着各式各样的小玩艺。 \u0026ldquo;Comrade director, please let me free! Look at this wonderful golden watch!\u0026rdquo; Sure enough, there was a hand reaching through the gap in the wall. There was a twisting sparkling golden watch in its palm. All sorts of little charms were hanging on the watch chain. Page 09 彼蒂加清晰地听到那表滴答地响,他的心也跟着猛跳起来。“嘿,真走运!”他抓过表,快活得喘不过气,血忽地涌到小脑瓜里去了。 Petka could clearly hear the watch ticking, and his heart started to beat in time with the watch. \u0026ldquo;How lucky!\u0026rdquo; He grabbed the watch so happy he could hardly breathe, and suddenly the blood rushed to his head. Page 10 那醉汉顿着脚,好像给枪剌着一样大叫着:“救命呀!强盗……”彼蒂加吓坏了,紧紧抓着那块表。忽然,他想出了一个好主意。 The drunkard stomped his feet and yelled as if he had been stabbed: \u0026ldquo;Ah, help! Bandits\u0026hellip;\u0026rdquo; Petka was scared and held the watch tightly. All of a sudden, he had a good idea. Page 11 他把表链和那些小玩艺一起揪下来,塞进板缝:“喏,拿去!”那醉汉已经糊涂了,早把表忘记了。他接过表链,喃喃地说:“多谢!多谢!我的心肝!” He pulled off the chain with the charms and stuffed it through the gap: \u0026ldquo;Here, take it!\u0026rdquo; The drunkard was muddle-headed. He had already forgotten about the watch. He took the chain and murmured: \u0026ldquo;Thanks a lot! Thanks a lot! My precious!\u0026rdquo; Page 12 太阳在窗外放光,表在彼蒂加手里发亮。他想:聪明人说得对,因祸得福。这表值五十卢布……把它卖了,我得买个白面包,还有猪油、香肠、靴子、带条纹的汗衫…… The sun was shining outside the window, and the watch was gleaming in Petka\u0026rsquo;s hand. He thought: \u0026ldquo;The wise man was right about gaining profit by misfortune. This watch is worth 50 Roubles… after selling it, I\u0026rsquo;ll buy myself white bread and lard, sausages, boots, and also a striped undershirt…\u0026rdquo; Page 13 一切都很好。只有一样不好,就是像罐子里的老鼠一样被关住了。“不要紧!”他安慰自己,“晚上,市场一收摊子,他们就放我了。”可是时间又是多么长呀!太阳简直一点儿也不着急。 Everything was fine. Only one thing was not fine, to be locked up like a mouse in a jar. \u0026ldquo;Never mind!\u0026rdquo; He comforted himself, \u0026ldquo;in the evening, once the market closes, they will let me go.\u0026rdquo; But how slowly the time passed! The sun was not in a hurry at all. Page 14 他又仔细看了看那表,才把它塞在破烂的裤袋里。为了牢靠,他把袋子打了一个结。不一会儿,们锁响了,一个警察走进来叫他出去。彼蒂加高兴地跳了起来,提一提裤子,跟着警察走出禁闭室。 Carefully, he looked at the watch and put it into the pocket of his tattered trousers. Just in case, he tied the pocket with a knot. After a while, the door opened, a policeman walked in and called him out. Rejoicing, Petka jumped up, pulled up his pants and followed the policeman out of the guardroom. Page 15 彼蒂加被带进局长办公室。“你好!小扒手。”局长问,“你什么时候生的?”“不知道,可是我十一岁了。”“好像是第七次到我这儿来做客吧?我的判决是原谅你年幼无知,送你到少年教养院去。”彼帝加的头嗡的一声胀大了。 Petka was taken into the chief's office. \u0026ldquo;Hello, little pickpocket! When were you born?\u0026rdquo; The chief asked. \u0026ldquo;I don\u0026rsquo;t know, but I am eleven years old.\u0026rdquo; - \u0026ldquo;You seem to be my guest for the seventh time? My decision is to forgive you your youth and ignorance, and send you to the reformatory.\u0026rdquo; Petka\u0026rsquo;s head started to buzz. Page 16 更糟糕的是,局长命令警察搜他的身。他想:从此永远分手了,我的宝贝表!幸亏警察嫌脏,不肯动手。 To make matters worse, the chief ordered the policeman to search his body. He thought: \u0026ldquo;Farewell forever, my beloved watch.\u0026rdquo; Fortunately, the policeman disliked filth and was unwilling to move. Page 17 局长对警察说:“不搜也罢,这不关紧要。你带上公文,把这小浪子交给少年教养院去。”警察把公文塞在皮包里,对彼蒂加说:“流浪儿,走吧!”彼蒂加庆幸地一提裤子,迈开大步便走。 The chief said to the policeman: \u0026ldquo;Don\u0026rsquo;t search, it doesn't matter. Take this document and bring this little hooligan to the reformatory.\u0026rdquo; The policeman stuffed the document into his briefcase and turned to Petka: \u0026ldquo;Hooligan, let's go!\u0026rdquo; Happily, Petka pulled up his pants and followed with big steps. Page 18 他们穿过热闹的市场,彼蒂加只有一个念头:跑掉!他的心思被警察看透了:“想溜掉吗?那就跑吧!”可他却一本正经的说:“我才不跑呢!即使打死我,我也不跑。” As they crossed the lively market, Petka only had one thought: \u0026ldquo;Run away!\u0026rdquo; The policeman read his mind. \u0026ldquo;Want to slip away? Just run away then!\u0026rdquo; But he answered seriously: \u0026ldquo;I won\u0026rsquo;t run away! Even if you beat me to death, I won\u0026rsquo;t run away.\u0026rdquo; Page 19 警察走得口渴了,正好跟过一个叫“米兰”的茶馆,他叫彼蒂加一同进去喝茶,彼蒂加不肯。警察说:“我知道你是不跑的,你是一个乖小子……”他让彼蒂加在外边等着,自己进去了。 The policeman walked and became thirsty, just as they passed by a teahouse called \u0026ldquo;Milan\u0026rdquo;. He asked Petka to go in together to drink some tea, but Petka refused. The policeman said: \u0026ldquo;I know you won\u0026rsquo;t run away. You\u0026rsquo;re a good boy…\u0026rdquo; He left Petka waiting outside and went in by himself. Page 20 彼蒂加二话没说拔脚就跑。他像插上了翅膀,转过街角,狂奔飞跑,心都快要从胸口里跳出来了。往哪儿去呢?他自己也不知道。 Without another word, Petka turned around and ran. He seemed to have grown wings, he turned around the corner and his heart was about to jump out of his chest. Where should he go? He did not know himself. Page 21 他终于在街市的尽头站住了。回头望望没有人追踪,心想:到底跑掉了! 现在我自由了! 他想起了表,用手一摸,哎呀! 表不在了,连袋子也没了。他灰心丧气,差一点哭出来。 Finally, he stopped at the end of the market. He turned around and saw that no one was following him, thinking: \u0026ldquo;In the end I got away! Now I\u0026rsquo;m free!\u0026rdquo; He remembered the watch and felt for it. OH NO! The watch was gone, even his pocket had disappeared. He was so disheartened that he almost began to cry. Page 22 他循着原路回去找,可连表的影子也没看到。快到“米兰”茶馆时,他的眼睛突然一亮,马路上躺着装着表的袋子,他弯腰拾起袋子,哈! 表还在呢! He went back the same way, but he did not even see a shadow of his watch. When he had almost reached the \u0026ldquo;Milan\u0026rdquo; teahouse, his eyes suddenly brightened, as he saw the pocket with the watch in it. He bent down to pick it up. HA! The watch was still there! Page 23 这时警察从茶馆里出来了:“好!你毕竟等着,真是好样儿的!”他拿出一块甜饼递给彼蒂加。随后,他们继续向教养院走去。 Right at that moment, the policeman stepped out of the teahouse: \u0026ldquo;Good! You\u0026rsquo;ve waited after all. What a good boy!\u0026rdquo; He took out a piece of sweet cake and handed it to Petka. After this, they continued their walk to the reformatory. Page 24 不多时,他们来到教养院。教养院的房子全是绿顶白墙,窗户带着罩窗,还有个院子,右头围墙,一重大门。彼蒂加叹了一口气。他想,这监牢似的教养院,谁能从这儿逃走呢? Before long, they arrived at the reformatory. The building of the reformatory had a green roof and white walls. The windows had curtains and there was a yard. On the right side of the fence, there was a heavy gate. Petka sighed. He thought: \u0026ldquo;This reformatory is like a prison, who can escape from here?\u0026rdquo; Page 25 警察叫开门,他们走进二楼去见院长。警察向院长要了收据,看了彼蒂加一眼:“孩子好好地在这儿生活吧!再见!” The policeman called to open the door and they went to the second floor to see the director. The policeman requested for a receipt from the director and glanced at Petka: \u0026ldquo;Child, live well here! Goodbye!\u0026rdquo; Page 26 院长一边翻看着警察局的公文,一边对彼蒂加说:“哦,小偷?这干不得!你这小,再边几年就能成为一个有用的人了……现在我们首先得整理你的外表。” While the director looked through the police documents, he turned to Petka: \u0026ldquo;Oh, a thief? This can\u0026rsquo;t be! You\u0026rsquo;re still young, in a few years, you can turn into a useful person\u0026hellip; now, we first have to put your appearance in order.\u0026rdquo; Page 27 彼蒂加被带到卫生科。卫生员叫他把衣服脱光进浴盆洗澡,还要把他的破衣服烧掉,换一身新的。 Petka was taken to the infirmary. The health worker told him to take off all his clothes, to take a bath in the bathtub and to burn his worn-out clothes in exchange for a set of new ones. Page 28 彼蒂加吃了一惊。他紧紧抓住裤子,怎么办呢?表……幸运的是卫生员暂时离开了浴室。他来不及多想,迅速地从口袋里掏出表,把它塞进嘴里。 Petka was shocked. He firmly held on to his trousers: \u0026ldquo;What should I do? The watch\u0026hellip;\u0026rdquo; Fortunately, the health worker left the bathroom for a moment. He did not have much time to think, so he quickly took the watch out of his pocket and put it in his mouth. Page 29 卫生员来了,他用钳子把彼蒂加的脏衣服夹了出来,然后又回来给他洗澡。彼蒂加已经五年没洗澡了,躺在浴盆里感到舒服极了。卫生员问他问这问那。彼蒂加因为嘴里含着表,一句话也说不出,只是点头或摇头。 The health worker came back. He carried Petka\u0026rsquo;s clothes outside with pliers, then returned to give him a bath. Petka had not taken a bath in five years, so when he lay in the bathtub, it felt really comfortable. The health worker asked a stream of questions. But because Petka had the watch in his mouth, he could not say a word, he just nodded or shook his head. Page 30 卫生员终于关上了他的话匣子。他放掉脏水,又放进干净的水,然后拿起报纸:“孩子,如果太冷或太热,你就说话。” The health worker finally turned off his chatterbox. He let the dirty water out, and filled it up with clean water, then he took the newspapers: \u0026ldquo;Kid, if it\u0026rsquo;s too cold or too hot, just tell me.\u0026rdquo; Page 31 热水不断地从龙头里涌出,浴盆里渐渐地烫起来,彼蒂加焦急不安地折腾开了,却又说不出话来。最后,他实在熬不住了,一下子把表吐在浴盆里,大叫一声:“烫呀!”并像弹簧似的跳了出来。 The hot water gushed from the tap ceaselessly. The water in the bathtub got hotter and hotter. Petka tossed about uneasily but was unable to speak out. In the end, he could not take it anymore. All of a sudden, he spit the watch into the bathtub, and screamed: \u0026ldquo;It\u0026rsquo;s boiling!\u0026rdquo; and jumped out like a metal spring. Page 32 卫生员又放了许多冷水在浴盆里,彼蒂加又重新跳了进去。他急忙在盆底摸表,终于碰到了光滑的圆东西,他惊喜地又把它塞进嘴里。不知为什么,浴盆里的水在逐渐减少。 The health worker then poured cold water into the bathtub, so Petka jumped in again. He anxiously felt for the watch at the bottom of the bathtub and finally got hold of a smooth round thing. He eagerly put it into his mouth again. He did not know why, but the water in the bathtub became less and less. Page 33 洗完澡,卫生员给他一套新衣服。他第一次穿这么漂亮的衣服,乐得咧着嘴笑了。卫生员诧导地看着他嘴里发亮的东西:“这是什么?” When he was done bathing, the health worker gave him a set of new clothes. It was the first time for him to wear such pretty clothes, so he grinned with his mouth wide open. The health worker was surprised to see something shiny in his mouth: \u0026ldquo;What is this?\u0026rdquo; Page 34 彼蒂加赶紧闭上嘴,卫生员哪肯放过。最后,彼蒂加只得把它吐出来。天啊!这不是浴盆的铜塞子吗?卫生员惊奇地问:“告诉我,为什么把它放进嘴里?”彼蒂加只好撤谎:“我饿!” Petka hastily closed his mouth, but the health worker would not let go. In the end, Petka had to spit it out. Good heavens! Was this not the copper plug of the bathtub? The health worker was surprised: \u0026ldquo;Tell me, why did you put that into your mouth?\u0026rdquo; Petka had to lie: \u0026ldquo;I\u0026rsquo;m hungry!\u0026rdquo; Page 35 表哪去了?彼蒂加偷偷朝浴盆张望。浴盆里水已流净,只有一块浴巾。卫生员把铜塞子扔回浴盆,去拿浴巾。彼蒂加心想:这可惜了!表一定在浴巾下面。他灵机一动,突然大叫起来:“啊唷!肚子痛!” Where did the watch go? Petka secretly peeped towards the bathtub. The water in the bathtub had already drained away, there was only a washcloth left. The health worker threw the plug back into the bathtub and was about to take the washcloth. Petka thought: \u0026ldquo;Too bad! The watch must be under the towel.\u0026rdquo; He had a sudden idea and screamed: \u0026ldquo;Ouch! My stomach is aching!\u0026rdquo; Page 36 卫生员慌了,急忙奔出门去取药。彼蒂加扑到浴巾上,一点不错,表就躺在浴巾下面。他急忙把它抓在手里,把水擦干,欣赏着。手心里的表活像是太阳在放光。 The health worker panicked and hurried out the door to get some medicine. Petka launched towards the cloth. And indeed!, the watch was really under the cloth. He grabbed it really fast, wiped it dry, and admired it. The watch in his hands was shining like the sun. Page 37 彼蒂加急忙把表装进崭新的裤袋里。这时,卫生员拿来一瓶阿摩尼亚水,他嗅了嗅,打了几个喷嚏,就装作病好了。经过梳洗打扮,他变成一个漂亮的小伙子了。 Petka hastily put the watch into the pocket of his brand-new pants. Right then, the health worker brought a bottle of ammonia solution. Petka sniffed it, sneezed a few times, and then pretended to be cured. Now that he had freshened up, he turned into a pretty young lad. Page 38 彼蒂加来到食堂,饭菜又热又香。他贪婪地吃着,连盘子都舔光了。独眼龙毕塔珂夫逗弄起他来了:“大饭桶,比大象吃得还多!”彼蒂加生气了,把匙子掷过去,正敲在独眼龙的脑门上。 When Petka arrived at the canteen, the food was hot and smelled good. He ate greedily, even licking the plate clean. The one-eyed Pyatakov began to tease him: \u0026ldquo;You greedy pig! You eat more than an elephant!\u0026rdquo; Petka became angry and threw his spoon right at One Eye\u0026rsquo;s forehead. Page 39 出了乱子了,院长赶来了。他用严厉的目光看着彼蒂加:“站到门口去,直到大家吃完午饭为止!”孩子们吃完午饭,三三两两从彼蒂加面前跑过去,有的向他伸舌头,有的向他扮鬼脸。 Upon the commotion, the director rushed in. He gave Petka a stern look: \u0026ldquo;Stand in the doorway until everybody has finished their lunch!\u0026rdquo; After the children had finished their lunch, they ran past Petka in groups of twos and threes, some of them sticking out their tongues, some of them making faces at him. Page 40 傍晚,彼蒂加担心把表带在身上会出乱子,于是来到院子里,在墙根挖了个小坑。他把表包好,埋在小坑里,还插上一根小树枝,免得记错了地方。 At dusk, Petka worried that keeping the watch on him might cause trouble, so he went to the yard and dug a small hole at the foot of a wall. He wrapped up the watch, buried it and stuck a small twiglet on it in order not to remember the wrong spot. Page 41 当天空布满星星的时候,就寝钟响了。彼蒂加倒在床上直睡到天亮。“起来!快起来!”院长摇着他的肩膀,“警察局长要你去一趟。”彼蒂加慌神啦,脚怎么也伸不进裤脚里去。 When the sky was full of stars, the bell rang. Petka fell into bed and slept till dawn. \u0026ldquo;Get up! Get up!\u0026rdquo; The director shook his shoulder. \u0026ldquo;The chief wants you to come.\u0026rdquo; Petka panicked and could not get his feet into his trousers no matter how hard he tried. Page 42 彼蒂加被带到警察局长办公室。他看见局长身旁站着一个红鼻子老汉。彼蒂加想,这一定是那个醉汉了。“凭良心回答,你偷了库兑耶尔的表吗?”局长问。“我敢赌咒,我从来没有见过表……”彼蒂加坦然地回答。 Petka was taken to the chief\u0026rsquo;s office. He saw an old, red-nosed man standing next to the chief. Petka thought this was for sure the drunkard. \u0026ldquo;Answer honestly, did you steal Kudeyar\u0026rsquo;s watch?\u0026rsquo;\u0026rsquo; the chief asked. \u0026ldquo;I swear, I've never seen that watch\u0026hellip;\u0026rsquo;\u0026rsquo;, Petka answered calmly. s Page 43 局长命令警察将彼蒂加从头到脚搜一遍。彼蒂加一点也不害怕,心里非常好笑。后来局长和库兑耶尔一齐动手,结果什么也没有搜到。 The chief ordered a policeman to search Petka from head to toe. Petka, silently finding it hilarious, was not afraid at all. Later, both the chief and Kudeyar joined in, but in the end, they could not find anything. Page 44 “他根本就没有表。他诬赖好人!”彼蒂加对局长说。局长教训了库兑耶尔一顿。库兑耶尔放声大哭。局长命令警察把彼蒂加送回教养院。 \u0026ldquo;He doesn\u0026rsquo;t even own a watch, he\u0026rsquo;s accusing innocent people!\u0026rdquo; Petka said to the chief. The chief read Kudeyar the riot act. Kudeyar began to cry loudly. The chief ordered the policeman to take Petka back to the reformatory. Page 45 警察对彼蒂加说:“你一个人回去吧,我对你的诚实深信不疑。”彼蒂加真的一个人向教养院走去。现在他是不肯逃走的了,因为他心爱的表还埋在教养院的院子里呢! The policeman said to Petka: \u0026ldquo;Go back by yourself, you are an honest boy.\u0026rsquo;\u0026rsquo; And Petka indeed started to walk back to the reformatory. He did not want to run away now because his beloved watch was still buried in the yard of the reformatory! Page 46 忽然,库兑耶尔从后面追了上来,扑倒在他的脚上:“求求你,还我表吧!我的女人在生病,孩子在挨饿。看上帝面上,还给我!” Suddenly, Kudeyar caught up with him and threw himself at his feet: \u0026ldquo;I beg you, give me back my watch! My wife is sick, the children are starving. In the name of God, give it back to me!\u0026rdquo; Page 47 彼蒂加毫不理会,继续往前走。库兑耶尔从后面追上来嚷着:“我控告你!我给你吃官司!”“告去就是了,谁也不会相信你这个老酒鬼!”彼蒂加觉得很开心,只管自己的路。 Petka did not pay him any attention and continued to walk ahead. Kudeyar caught up with him, yelling: \u0026ldquo;I will sue you! I will file a lawsuit!\u0026rsquo;\u0026rsquo; - \u0026ldquo;Go ahead and sue me, no one will believe an old drunkard like you.\u0026rsquo;\u0026rsquo; Petka felt very happy and went his way. Page 48 彼蒂加打算先把表挖出来,然后翻墙逃走。可是当他一走进教养院,却看见院子里停放着许多辆运木材的大马车。孩子们在院长的指挥下,正从马车上往下搬运木材。不一会儿,木材就堆满了院子。 Petka came up with a plan. He would first dig out the watch, and then climb over the wall and run away. However, when he arrived at the reformatory, he saw that numerous horse carriages loaded with timber were parked in the courtyard. Under the command of the director, the children unloaded the logs from the carriages. Before long, the courtyard was all filled with timber. Page 49 他来到埋表的地方,那上面高高地堆放着木材。“我的表……”他伤心地哭了起来。 He arrived at the spot where he had buried the watch. Timber was piled high on top of it. \u0026ldquo;My watch\u0026hellip;\u0026rdquo; Broken-hearted, he started to cry. Page 50 这天夜里,他被火车的汽笛声惊醒:“唉唉,车站该是多么有趣!掏空那些有钱人的腰包多开心……”他打定主意,今晚把表弄到手后就逃走。 At night, the sound of a train whistle woke him up. \u0026ldquo;Oh, how much fun it would be to be at the station and empty out the pockets of all those rich people\u0026hellip;\u0026rdquo; He made up his mind: Tonight, he would get the watch into his hands and just run away. Page 51 他打开窗户,从排水管滑下来溜到院子里,来到埋表的地方。他使劲地搬开木材,一根,两根,三根……才搬了二三十根,他就上气不接下气了。 He opened the window, glided down the drainpipe, landed in the courtyard, and went to the place where his watch was buried. With all his strength he dragged away the logs. One log, two logs, three logs... when he had dragged away only twenty or thirty logs, he was gasping for air already. Page 52 当他再搬一根很重的圆木材时,一不小心滑脱了手,整个木材垛塌了下来,发出吓人的声响。随着一声嗥叫,一只大狗向他扑来。彼蒂加吓得浑身发抖,拚命地逃回宿舍里去。 Just when he was pulling one especially heavy log, it slipped out of his hands in a moment of carelessness. The entire pile of tree trunks collapsed, making a frightening noise. Following a loud growl, a huge dog jumped at Petka. Petka's entire body trembled with fear, and he ran back to the dorm for his dear life. Page 53 第二天,彼蒂加得了严重的肺炎,整整昏睡了三个星期。 The next day, Petka came down with a serious pneumonia and slept for three weeks. Page 54 彼蒂加终于活下来了,恢复知觉了。一天,小伙伴米罗诺夫给他送来一本画书,还告诉他,在他害病的那天,毕塔珂夫因偷木材被送到少年管教所去了。彼蒂加禁不住绯红了脸。 Petka finally started to get better and recovered his consciousness. One day, his mate Milonov brought him a picture book. He told him that Pyatakov had been sent to the youth custody centre for stealing wood on the same day that Petka had fallen ill. Petka could not help but blush. Page 55 米罗诺夫走后,彼蒂加很难过,心想:毕塔珂夫虽然讨厌,毕竟是自己的小伙伴,不能让他白受冤在。他决定去找院长,说明那天晚上是他搬动了木材,但埋表的事是绝对不能讲的。 After Milonov had left, Petka felt very bad and thought to himself: \u0026ldquo;Even though I detest Pyatakov, he is still my mate, and I can\u0026rsquo;t let him be accused wrongly.\u0026rdquo; He decided that he would go to the director and explain that it had been Petka himself, who had moved the logs on that very night, but he would not say a word about the watch. Page 56 可是,他来到院长办公室,却又失掉了勇气。院长问他有什么事,他只说是来向院长借画书的。院长见他喜欢读书了,很高兴,就拿给他许多书。 However, when he arrived in the director\u0026rsquo;s office, his courage left him. The director asked him what the matter was, but he only managed to say that he had come to borrow some picture books from him. When the director saw that he liked reading, he was very happy, and gave him many books. Page 57 一个星期六的晚上,库兑耶尔突然带着乳酪糖球来看望彼蒂加,他恳求彼蒂加把表还给他。彼蒂加脸色一下子变白了:“我不要!请您走吧!”“什么?叫我走?你还我表!”库兑耶尔大吵大嚷起来。 One Saturday evening, Kudeyar suddenly came to pay Petka a visit, bringing toffees and begging him to return his watch. Petka\u0026rsquo;s face instantly turned white: \u0026ldquo;No! I ask you to leave!\u0026rdquo; \u0026ndash; \u0026ldquo;What? You tell me to go? Give me back my watch!\u0026rdquo; Kudeyar started to make a big scene. Page 58 院长赶来了问:“怎么一回事?”彼蒂加说:“他是我的伯父,是从疯人院出来的。请您不要再放他进来了!”于是大家把库兑耶尔赶走了。 The director hurried over and asked: \u0026ldquo;What\u0026rsquo;s going on here?\u0026rdquo; Petka said: \u0026ldquo;He is my uncle, he ran away from the madhouse. Please don\u0026rsquo;t let him come in again!\u0026rdquo; So everyone chased off Kudeyar. Page 59 冬天到了,下起了大雪。院长叫孩子们把院子里的木材搬进库房去。彼蒂加想到心爱的表就可以到手了,所以劲头也来了:“快点儿,加油!”他干得很卖力,像个指挥官似的组织大家传递木材。 Winter came and heavy snow fell. The director called the children to carry the timber from inside the courtyard into the storehouse. Petka thought of how he could finally get his hands on his beloved watch, so he also joined with enthusiasm: \u0026ldquo;Move up, come on!\u0026rdquo; He threw himself into the task at hand and ordered everyone to pass the timber just like a commander. Page 60 可是库房满了,木材没有搬完,彼蒂加大失所望,因为他的心爱的表仍然拿不出来。虽然院长表扬了他,可他感到很遗憾。 But the storage room was full before all the timber had been moved in. Petka lost all his hope, because he could not get hold of his beloved watch. Although the headmaster praised him, he felt quite sorrowful. Page 61 由于他劳动积极,大家一致选举他当总务组的组长。彼蒂加又高兴起来了。 Because he had worked energetically, everyone elected him unanimously as group leader for general affairs. This cheered Petka up again. Page 62 大家对他非常信任,他也热心为大家办事;他用心读书,进步很快。到新年时,他升了级,跟高年级孩子一起读书了。表的事也来不及去想了。 Everybody trusted him a lot, and he took care of all of their affairs with his full heart; he studied diligently and made good progress. When the new year started, he moved up to a higher class and studied together with the senior students. He did not have time to think about the matter of the watch anymore. Page 63 日子飞快地过去了。三月里,巴黎公社纪念日这一天,孩子们去烈士陵园扫墓。他们在路上遇见了一个醉汉,大家把他推来推去,还用雪球打他的脸。彼蒂加认出那个醉汉正是库兑耶尔。 The days were passing faster and faster. In March, on the Paris Commune Memorial Day, all the kids went out to sweep the tombs at the martyrs\u0026rsquo; cemetery. On their way, they came across a drunkard. Everyone rudely pushed and pulled him back and forth and even threw snowballs at his face. Petka recognized that this drunkard was Kudeyar. Page 64 库兑耶尔呻吟着、挣扎着、躲来躲去。彼蒂加忽然产生了同情心,于是跳出来,叫道:“喂,住手吧!” Kudeyar groaned, fought, and tried his best to duck away from the children. Petka suddenly felt sorry for him and so he jumped between them and shouted: \u0026ldquo;Hey, stop it!\u0026rdquo; Page 65 库兑耶尔也认出了他,怒吼道:“你这流氓!你偷了我的表!”彼蒂加又羞又愧。 Kudeyar also recognized Petka and shouted in anger: \u0026ldquo;You rogue! You stole my watch!\u0026rdquo; Petka felt very ashamed. Page 66 复活节快到了。经院长许可,彼蒂加和小伙伴米罗诺夫一起到集市上去玩耍。彼蒂加认识了一个叫娜塔莎的小女孩。他们彼此谈得很亲密,一直玩到很晚才分手。 Easter was near. The director allowed Petka to go out with his mate Milonov to spend some time at the market. There, Petka got to know a girl called Natasha. They started getting closer to each other and only separated when it was very late. Page 67 积雪融化了。一天,彼蒂加发现院子里的木材也烧完了。他左思右想,一夜没睡好。第二天清早,他悄悄来到埋表的地方,把表挖了出来。表依然闪闪放光,但彼蒂加却觉得它黯然失色。 The masses of snow had melted away. One day, Petka noticed that all the timber in the yard had been used up. He pondered and pondered, and he could not sleep the entire night. The next day, he secretly went to the place where he hid the watch and dug it out. It was still sparkling and glittering, but Petka had the feeling that it had lost its splendour. Page 68 这回彼蒂加该按照他的计划逃走了吧?可是,不!现在他不想离开这儿了。那表怎么办呢?扔掉它?怪愚蠢的,最好是还给库兑耶尔,但到哪儿去找他呢?彼蒂加揣着这只可恨的表,心里很痛苦。 Should Petka run away as he had planned? No, of course not! Now he did not want to leave this place. So, what should he do with the watch? Throw it away? That was quite stupid, the best option was to give it back to Kudeyar, but where could he find him? Petka hid this detestable watch in his clothes, his heart heavy. Page 69 夏天到了,屋顶要油漆一下,院长叫彼蒂加上街去买油漆。他来到市场,想起先前的流浪生活,想到偷东西挨打的难堪情景……唉!真无聊!真糊涂! Summer had arrived, and the roof needed to be painted. The director asked Petka to go shopping for paint. When he came to the market, he thought of his previous vagrant life and the embarrassment of stealing and being beaten up\u0026hellip; UGH! What a bore! How confusing! Page 70 “捉贼!捉住他!”突然传来一阵叫喊声。转眼间,从他面前跑过一个蓬头垢面的孩子。彼蒂加立刻认出那是毕塔珂夫。他一下子抓住毕塔珂夫的肩膀。毕塔珂夫一闪身,回手照他心窝就是一拳。 \u0026ldquo;Catch the thief! Catch him!\u0026rdquo; Suddenly there was shouting. In the blink of an eye, an unkempt child ran past him. Petka immediately recognized that it was Pyatakov. He grabbed Pyatakov\u0026rsquo;s shoulder at once. Pyatakov flinched, and then gave him a punch in the gut. Page 71 “不要撒野!你不认识我啦!我是彼蒂加。”他们来到远离街心的僻静的地方,“原谅我吧,全是我不好……”他对毕塔珂夫讲述了那晚偷搬木材的事。 \u0026ldquo;Don\u0026rsquo;t be wild! Don\u0026rsquo;t you know me? I\u0026rsquo;m Petka!\u0026rdquo; They came to a secluded place, away from the middle of the street, \u0026ldquo;forgive me, it's all my fault\u0026hellip;,\u0026rdquo; he told Pyatakov about the matter of stealing the wood that night. Page 72 毕塔珂夫大笑起来:“可那一夜我确实弄了十六根木材,卖给小贩了……”他敲了一下彼蒂加的前额,就踉踉跄跄地走了。 Pyatakov started laughing: \u0026ldquo;But I did get 16 pieces of lumber that night, and sold that to a black-market handler\u0026hellip;\u0026rdquo; he hit Petka on the forehead and staggered away. Page 73 突然,毕塔珂夫又转身回来打了彼蒂加一记耳光:“把表给我!听见没有?你当我不知道?我跟库兑耶尔同住了半年监牢,他都对我讲了……现在他还关在监狱里。”彼蒂加真想快点儿把表交给毕塔珂夫。 Suddenly, Pyatakov turned around and slapped Petka into the face: \u0026ldquo;Give me the watch! Did you hear that? You think I don\u0026rsquo;t know? I spent half a year in jail with Kudeyar, and he told me everything\u0026hellip; he is still locked up in jail.\u0026rdquo; Petka really wanted to give the watch to Pyatakov quickly. Page 74 这时,警察和一群人赶来了。毕塔珂夫被捕了。 At this time, the police and a group of people arrived. Pyatakov was arrested. Page 75 彼蒂加穿过市场,闷闷不乐地向颜料店走去。他狠狠地捏住口袋里的表:我要这包袱干什么?这个倒霉的玩艺儿!他转过街角,忽然看见一个卖表链的小女孩,原来是娜塔莎。 Petka crossed the market and walked to the paint shop gloomily. He squeezed the watch in his pocket fiercely: What do I want this burden for? This hapless game! As he turned around the corner of the street, he suddenly saw a girl selling a watch chain. The girl turned out to be Natasha. Page 76 他分明认得,那表链正是库兑耶尔的。他问娜塔莎表链是从哪儿来的。她说:“这是我爸爸的。他从监狱捎来一封信,叫我卖……我没办法生活……” He clearly recognized that the watch chain belonged to Kudeyar. He asked Natasha where the watch chain came from. She said: \u0026ldquo;This is my father's. He sent a letter from prison asking me to sell it… I can\u0026rsquo;t live like this…\u0026rdquo; Page 77 彼蒂加觉得脑袋在胀大,脚下的地面在摇动,他几乎要跌倒了。他把表链接过来,久久地端详着…… Petka felt his head swell and the ground under his feet shaking, and he almost fell. He took the watch chain and looked at it for a long time… Page 78 他从衣袋里掏出那只表,用发抖的手把它挂在表链上,递给娜塔莎说:“给你!”然后,飞快地跑走,消失在喧闹的人群中了。 He took the watch out of his pocket, attached it to the watch chain with trembling hands and handed it to Natasha: \u0026ldquo;Here, for you!\u0026rdquo; Then he ran away quickly and disappeared into the noisy crowd. This translation was produced in a joint translation project by BA students at the Institute of Chinese Studies, University of Freiburg, supervised by Lena Henningsen. We acknowledge the support of the ERC-funded project \u0026ldquo;The Politics of Reading in the People\u0026rsquo;s Republic of China\u0026rdquo; (READCHINA, Grant agreement No. 757365/SH5: 2018-2023). Special thanks go to Julia Schneider for a critical reading of the translation and to our colleagues Matthias Arnold and Hanno Lecher from the Centre for Asian and Transcultural Studies (CATS), Heidelberg University, for providing us with high resolution scans of the comics which are part of the Seifert collection.\nWe have taken much effort to contact the publisher of this comic in order to acquire permission by the copyright holder to publish the pages online. We regret that we have not received responses to our inquiries. If you believe that copyrights are not being respected, please send an email message to: readchina\u0026quot;at\u0026quot;mail.sinologie.uni-freiburg.de. 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    + READCHINA: lianhuanhua + # +

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    + Chinese Comics in Translation + # +

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    For most of the 20th century, pocket size comic books (lianhuanhua 连环画, often literally translated as “linked images”) were an integral part of Chinese everyday reading culture, providing readers with entertainment, information and/or political instruction. Established as such throughout the 1920s and 1930s, after 1949 these comic books continued to range from adaptations of literary texts or films to hagiographies of socialist heroes like Lei Feng to stories propagating the usefulness of using fertilizer in agricultural production. Published as handy pocket-sized booklets, they were shared among children and adult readers alike to be read at street stall libraries or at work units after hours. Lianhuanhua production was massive, with an estimated 50.000 titles published since the founding of the PRC. Moreover, one in three books published in 1986 was a comic!

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    Lianhuanhua were indeed quite popular reading material. To provide contemporary readers and researchers with a glimpse into the vast Chinese comic culture, the READCHINA project publishes a number of exemplary comics from the Mao and early post-Mao years with English translations on this webpage. We hope that these translations will spur further interest and research into this diverse, relevant and, very often, entertaining medium.

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    During the Mao years, Beijing Foreign Languages Publishing House published translations of comics into various foreign languages. In addition, the 1970s saw a few translations published outside China (most notably a translation into Italian published by Gino Nebiolo et al and retranslated into English and German; and a translation of excerpts of lianhuanhua into German prepared by Wolfgang Bauer). Today, more lianhuanhua in translation can be found online, such as:

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    + Further Reading + # +

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    For further reading on Chinese graphic narratives, including lianhuanhua but also the cartoon-like genre of manhua 漫画 and others, see for example:

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    Altehenger, Jennifer 2012: “Kopieren für die Revolution: Die Cartoonreproduktionskampagne in der Volksrepublik China 1950-52”, in: Henningsen, Lena, Martin Hofmann [ed.]: Tradition? Variation? Plagiat? Motive und ihre Adaption in China, (Jahrbuch der Deutschen Vereinigung für Chinastudien 6), Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz, 2012, 295-307.

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    Altehenger, Jennifer 2013: “A Socialist Satire: Manhua Magazine and Political Cartoon Production in the PRC, 1950–1960”, in: Frontiers of History in China, Vol.8, no.1, 77-102.

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    Bauer, Wolfgang [ed.] 1976: Chinesische Comics: Gespenster, Mörder, Klassenfeinde (translated by Wolfgang Bauer), Düsseldorf: Eugen Diederichs Verlag.

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    Bi, Keguan 毕克官 1982: History of Chinese Comics 中国漫画史话, Jinan: Shandong renmin chubanshe.

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    Chen, Minjie 2012: “Chinese Lian Huan Hua and Literacy: Popular Culture Meets Youth Literature” in: Cynthia B. Leung, Jiening Ruan [eds.]: Perspectices on Teaching and Learning Chinese Literacy in China, New York: Springer, 157-181.

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    Chen, Minjie 2015: “Linked Pictures: A Genre of Chinese Illustrated Books”, in: Cotsen Children’s Library, Princeton University, https://blogs.princeton.edu/cotsen/2015/06/chinese-illustrated-books/, June 19, 2015, last access 2021-02-10.

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    Crespi, John A. 2020: Manhua Modernity: Chinese Culture and the Pictorial Turn, Oakland: University of California Press.

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    Farquhar, Mary Ann 1999: Children’s Literature in China: From Lu Xun to Mao Zedong, Armonk: Routledge.

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    Guleva, Mariia 2021: “How to Deal with a Good Child? Prescribed Normality in Images of Children and Child-Adult Relations in Manhua Magazine, 1950-1960,“in: The Journal of the European Association for Chinese Studies, no. 30, 37-82.

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    Harder, Hans, Barbara Mittler [eds.] 2013: Asian Punches: A Transcultural Affair, Berlin: Springer.

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    Lent, John A. 1994: “Comic Art”, in: Dingbo Wu, Patrick D. Murphy [eds.]: Handbook of Chinese Popular Culture, Westport: Greenwood Press, 279-306.

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    Lent, John A. 2010: “Manga in East Asia”, in Toni Johnson-Woods [ed.]: Manga: An Anthology of Global and Cultural Perspectives, New York, Continuum 297-314.

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    Lent, John A. 2021: “Women and Asian Comic Art: Gendered Genres, Female Portrayals, and the Creative Industries”, in: Benjamin Woo, Jeremy Stoll [eds.]: The Comics World: Comic Books, Graphic Novels, and Their Publics, Jackson: University Press of Mississippi, 32-50.

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    Lent, John A., Xu Ying 2017: Comics Art in China, Jackson: University Press of Mississippi.

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    Mandzunowski, Damian 2019: “Caricatures Criticizing the Gang of Four: Contributors and Publications”, in: The Maoist Legacy, https://maoistlegacy.de/db/caricatures-criticizing-the-gang-of-four, 1 February 2019, last access February 4, 2022.

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    Mandzunowski, Damian 2018: “Wang, Zhang, Jiang, and Yao in Caricatures: A Close-Up View”, in: The Maoist Legacy, 1 November 2018, https://maoistlegacy.de/db/exhibits/show/manhua-closeup, last access February 4, 2022.

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    Mandzunowski, Damian 2018: “The Visual Language of the Caricatures Criticizing the Gang of Four”, in: The Maoist Legacy, 1 September 2018, https://maoistlegacy.de/db/exhibits/show/manhua-visuallanguage, last access February 4, 2022.

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    Mandzunowski, Damian 2018: “Caricatures Criticizing the Gang of Four,” in: The Maoist Legacy, 1 June 2018, https://www.maoistlegacy.de/db/caricatures-criticizing-the-gang-of-four, last access February 4, 2022.

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    Nebiolo, Gino, Jean Chesneaux, Umberto Eco [eds.] 1971: I Fumetti di Mao, Bari: Laterza & Figli.

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    Nebiolo, Gino 1972: Das Mädchen aus der Volkskommune (translated from Italian by Arno Widman, with an introduction by Gino Nebiolo and commentaries by Jean. Chesneaux and Umberto Eco): Reinbek: Rowohlt.

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    Nebiolo, Gino, Jean Chesneaux, Umberto Eco [eds.] 1972: The People's Comic Book: Red Women's Detachment, Hot on the Trail and Other Chinese Comics (translated from Italian by Endymion Wilkinson and Frances Frenaye, with an introduction by Gino Nebiolo), New York: Anchor Press.

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    Rea, Christopher G. 2013: “‘He’ll Roast All Subjects that may need the Roasting’: Puck and Mr. Punch in Nineteenth-Century China”, in: Hans Harder, Barbara Mittler [eds.]: Asian Punches: A Transcultural Affair, Berlin: Springer, 389-422.

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    Seifert, Andreas 2008: Bildergeschichten für Chinas Massen: Comic und Comicproduktion im 20. Jahrhundert, Köln: Böhlau Verlag.

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    Seifert, Andreas 2015: “Aufstieg und Fall der Lianhuanhua”, in: Reddition: Zeitschrift für Graphische Literatur, Vol.32, no.63, 4-29.

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    Stember, Nick 2014: “Don’t Call it ‘Manga’: A Short Intro to Chinese Comics and Manga”, in: Nick Stember, March 19, 2014, https://www.nickstember.com/dont-call-manga-short-introduction-chinese-comics-manhua/, last access February 22, 2022.

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    Tan, Xiyuan, 2019: “Guoxue Comics: Visualising Philosophical Concepts and Cultural Values through Sequential Narratives”, in: The Comics Grid: Journal of Comics Scholarship 9:1, 11. doi: 10.16995/cg.149.

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    Wu, I-Wei 2013: “Participating in Global Affairs: The Chinese Cartoon Monthly Shanghai Puck”, in: Hans Harder, Barbara Mittler [eds.]: Asian Punches: A Transcultural Affair, Berlin: Springer, 365-388.

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    + Acknowledgements + # +

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    The translations published here were produced in joint translation projects by students at the Institute of Chinese Studies, University of Freiburg, supervised by Lena Henningsen. The webpage was set up by Duncan Paterson. We acknowledge the support of the ERC-funded project “The Politics of Reading in the People’s Republic of China” (READCHINA, Grant agreement No. 757365/SH5: 2018-2023).

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    Special thanks go to our colleagues Matthias Arnold and Hanno Lecher from the Centre for Asian and Transcultural Studies (CATS), Heidelberg University, for providing us with high resolution scans of the comics which are part of the Seifert collection.

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    We have taken much effort to contact the publishers of the respective comics in order to acquire permission by the copyright holder to publish the pages online. We regret that we have not received responses to our inquiries. If you believe that copyrights are not being respected, please send an email message to: readchina"at"mail.sinologie.uni-freiburg.de. We will respond as soon as possible and will work with you to either accredit the material correctly or remove it entirely.

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    + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + diff --git a/public/index.xml b/public/index.xml new file mode 100644 index 0000000..5ab02e4 --- /dev/null +++ b/public/index.xml @@ -0,0 +1,2401 @@ + + + + READCHINA: lianhuanhua on Comics + https://readchina.github.io/comics/ + Recent content in READCHINA: lianhuanhua on Comics + Hugo -- gohugo.io + en-us + + 0 Front and back cover + https://readchina.github.io/comics/luxun/luxun-cover/ + Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 + + https://readchina.github.io/comics/luxun/luxun-cover/ + + + + + 0 Frontmatter + https://readchina.github.io/comics/luxun/luxun-front/ + Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 + + https://readchina.github.io/comics/luxun/luxun-front/ + + + + + About the translation + https://readchina.github.io/comics/biao/a-translation-notes/ + Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 + + https://readchina.github.io/comics/biao/a-translation-notes/ + This translation is the outcome of a joint translation project taught in the winter of 2020/2021 at the University of Freiburg. Our aim in this translation was to remain as faithful as possible to the Chinese original while at the same time conveying a tone of narration in line with a comic book addressed to young readers based on a &ldquo;classical&rdquo; piece of children&rsquo;s literature. As the story takes place in early 20th century Russia, the given names of the characters are given in Russian. + + + + About the translation + https://readchina.github.io/comics/zhufu/a-translation-notes/ + Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 + + https://readchina.github.io/comics/zhufu/a-translation-notes/ + In preparing this translation, our aim was to produce a text that would do justice to the legacy of Lu Xun, but more so, to the language and contents of the PRC adaptation of the story. In his essay accompanying his retranslation of the original short story into German, Hans Peter Hoffmann (2015) makes a convincing argument for the use of slightly outdated terms as markers for what Lu Xun wanted to emphasize as backward in his times. + + + + Front and back cover + https://readchina.github.io/comics/biao/b-cover/ + Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 + + https://readchina.github.io/comics/biao/b-cover/ + + + + + Front and back cover + https://readchina.github.io/comics/niqiu/b-cover/ + Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 + + https://readchina.github.io/comics/niqiu/b-cover/ + + + + + Front and back cover + https://readchina.github.io/comics/zhufu/b-cover/ + Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 + + https://readchina.github.io/comics/zhufu/b-cover/ + + + + + Frontmatter + https://readchina.github.io/comics/biao/b-front/ + Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 + + https://readchina.github.io/comics/biao/b-front/ + + + + + Frontmatter + https://readchina.github.io/comics/niqiu/b-front/ + Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 + + https://readchina.github.io/comics/niqiu/b-front/ + + + + + Frontmatter 01 + https://readchina.github.io/comics/zhufu/b-front-i/ + Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 + + https://readchina.github.io/comics/zhufu/b-front-i/ + Preface to the 1957 edition # (not shown above) +内容说明 # 祥林嫂年轻的时候死了丈夫,便到鲁四老爷家帮工。后来她婆婆又强迫她嫁人。不久她的第二个丈夫病死了,她的儿子被狼吃掉了,她被生活所逼,只好又回到鲁四老爷家里。鲁四老爷厌恶她死过两个丈夫,说她不干净,败坏风俗。她怪自己的命不好,听了柳妈的话,到土地庙里捐一条门槛,当撖替身赎罪,可是人家还一样鄙视她。她更加衰老了,精神更迟钝了,终于她被赶出了鲁家,变成乞丐死了。 Explanation of the contents # After Xianglin&rsquo;s wife lost her husband early in life, she comes to the Lu household as a servant. Later on, her mother-in-law forces her to remarry. Soon after, her second husband dies of illness, and her son is eaten by a wolf. She has no choice but to return to the Lu household. + + + + Frontmatter 02 + https://readchina.github.io/comics/zhufu/b-front-ii/ + Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 + + https://readchina.github.io/comics/zhufu/b-front-ii/ + 前言 # 《祝福》描写了一个淳朴的劳动妇女祥林嫂。丈夫死后,她为了逃避被出卖的命运,便来到鲁镇,在地主鲁四家里做工。但不久仍被婆家绑回去,逼嫁到山村里。&ldquo;她一路只是嚎,骂&rdquo;,后来还&quot;一头撞在香案角上&quot;,不惜以自己的生命来反抗旧社会、旧礼教的压迫。当她再一次在鲁四家里出现,那是第二个丈夫病死,儿子被狼叼走之后。因她再嫁再寡,鲁四把她看成不祥之物,暗暗告诫家人不许她沾手祭品。镇上的人由于受到封建礼教的毒害,也跟着嘲笑她。柳妈又以&quot;阴间&quot;的锯刑来恐吓她,要她到土地庙捐一条门槛,当作赎罪的替身,给千人踏,万人跨。她为了自己的生存,不断挣扎,捐了门槛;但仍然无效,主人还是不许她摆设祭品。她从此精神失常,象一个木偶人。不久被鲁四赶走,成为乞丐。最后怀着对&quot;阴间&quot;的恐怖和疑惑,在年终&quot;祝福&quot;时,死在街头上。 Preface # &ldquo;The New Year&rsquo;s Sacrifice&rdquo; describes the simple female worker Xianglin&rsquo;s wife. After the death of her husband, she comes to Luzhen to work in the household of Landlord Lu to escape the fate of being sold off. But before long, she is kidnapped by the family of her mother-in-law and forced to remarry into a mountain village. &ldquo;She howled and cursed the whole way&rdquo;, and later also &ldquo;bumped her head against the corner of the incense burner table&rdquo;, to resist to the oppression of old society and old Confucian ethics with her own life. + + + + Frontmatter 03 + https://readchina.github.io/comics/zhufu/b-front-iii/ + Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 + + https://readchina.github.io/comics/zhufu/b-front-iii/ + 祥林嫂的一生是受压迫受欺辱的一生,是不断挣扎和反抗的一生,但以孔孟之道为反动理论基础的封建社会的四大绳索&mdash;&mdash;政权、族权、神权和夫权却紧紧地束缚她。她不仅在物质上、肉体上受尽压榨和摧残,而且在精神上也受尽种种鄙视和嘲笑;不仅生前哀哀无告,还须怀着恐怖走向死亡&mdash;&mdash;对于她,不是意味着悲惨生活的结束,而是成了另一种最大的恐怖的开始,这就深刻揭露了封建礼教和迷信勾结一起残酷压迫劳动人民的本质。祥林嫂的形象,是鲁迅深刻地概括了封建社会千百万被压迫人民的遭遇而写成的一个悲惨的典型人物,它有力地控诉了孔老二反动礼教的思想实质和封建主义制度的野蛮性和残酷性。杀人不见而血的刽子手鲁四,就是孔老二的徒子徒孙。鲁迅先生写这篇作品,就是为了号召人民向这些吃人的势力进行斗争。 +在当前批林批孔的斗争中,《祝福》对于识破孔孟之道的反动本质有着一定的意义,困此我们编绘这本连环画出版。 +The life of Xianglin&rsquo;s wife was a life filled with oppression and humiliation, a life of constant struggle and resistance. But the four major feudal bonds &ndash; political authority, kinship authority, theocratic authority and patriarchic authority &ndash; bound her tightly to the Confucian and Menzian doctrines, which serve as the basis of the reactionary feudal society. She not only suffered severely from material and physical oppression and destruction, but also suffered psychologically from all sorts of contempt and mockery. + + + + Page 01 + https://readchina.github.io/comics/biao/b-page-01/ + Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 + + https://readchina.github.io/comics/biao/b-page-01/ + +彼蒂加对做过的事情都糊涂得很。他在市场里到处走,什么都想过了。他又懊恼、又伤心。他饿得很,想买点儿吃的,可是口袋里一分钱也没有。 Petka was confused about the things he had done. He walked around the marketplace thinking about all sorts of things. He was frustrated and sad. He was terribly hungry and wanted to buy something to eat, but he did not have any money in his pocket. + + + + Page 01 + https://readchina.github.io/comics/luxun/maishudegushi/maishudegushi-page-01/ + Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 + + https://readchina.github.io/comics/luxun/maishudegushi/maishudegushi-page-01/ + 一九三二年深秋,一个细雨绵绵的日子。中午时分,上海内山书店里很清静,没有顾客。在店堂的一角,鲁迅正和书店主人,日本朋友内山完造谈论着国民党反动派压制进步文化的情况。这时,鲁迅的著作几乎全部被他们禁止了。 Es war ein vernieselter Tag im Spätherbst des Jahres 1932. Um die Mittagszeit war es in der Uchiyama-Buchhandlung in Shanghai ganz ruhig, es waren keine Kunden da. In einer Ecke des Ladens unterhielt sich Lu Xun mit dem Ladenbesitzer, seinem japanischen Freund Kanzō Uchiyama, darüber, wie die fortschrittliche Kultur durch die Reaktionäre der Guomindang unterdrückt wurde. Zu jener Zeit hatten diese nahezu sämtliche literarischen Schriften von Lu Xun verboten. + + + + Page 01 + https://readchina.github.io/comics/luxun/yifumukedegushi/b-page-01/ + Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 + + https://readchina.github.io/comics/luxun/yifumukedegushi/b-page-01/ + +鲁迅十分重视新兴木刻,认为这是“新的,年轻的,前进的”艺术,“为革命所需要”。他组织“朝花社”,介绍外国革命木刻,又主持木刻讲习会,亲自担任翻译,请外国友人传授木刻技艺。 Lu Xun schätzte die neu aufkommende Holzschnittkunst sehr, er betrachtete sie als „neue, junge und fortschrittliche“ Kunstform „für die Revolution“. Er organisierte die „Morgenblüten-Gesellschaft“, machte revolutionäre Holzschnitte aus dem Ausland bekannt und richtete außerdem ein Seminar über Holzschnitte aus. Dort war er persönlich als Übersetzer tätig und lud einen befreundeten ausländischen Künstler ein, seine Fertigkeiten in der Holzschnittkunst weiterzugeben. + + + + Page 01 + https://readchina.github.io/comics/luxun/zuihouyicixunli/b-page-01/ + Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 + + https://readchina.github.io/comics/luxun/zuihouyicixunli/b-page-01/ + +一九三六年春天起,鲁迅不幸得了重病,经过检查,肺部已烂了四分之三,体重也不到四十公斤,身体很虚弱。但他在病中坚持和国民党反动派以及混入革命队伍内的“蛀虫”作斗争,同时关心着青年一代的成长。 Seit dem Frühjahr des Jahres 1936 war Lu Xun leider schwer krank. Eine Untersuchung ergab, dass sein Lungengewebe bereits zu drei Vierteln zerstört war. Er wog keine 40 Kilogramm mehr und war sehr schwach. Doch trotz seiner Erkrankung kämpfte er weiter gegen die Reaktionäre der Guomindang und die „Schädlinge“, die in die revolutionären Truppen eigeschleust waren. Zugleich lag ihm die Entwicklung der jungen Generation am Herzen. + + + + Page 01 + https://readchina.github.io/comics/niqiu/b-page-01/ + Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 + + https://readchina.github.io/comics/niqiu/b-page-01/ + +抗日战争时期,河北省乐亭县靠滦河的东岸,有一个张家庄,是抗日根据地的边沿区。这个庄的抗日组织在共产党的领导下,按照毛主席的军事路线,积极开展抗日斗争。 During the War of Resistance Against Japan, there was a place named Zhangjia Village, located on the east bank of the Luan River in Laoting County, which was in the border area of an anti-Japanese base. The village&rsquo;s anti-Japanese organization was under the leadership of the Communist Party and actively carried out the anti-Japanese struggle in accordance with Chairman Mao&rsquo;s military line. + + + + Page 01 + https://readchina.github.io/comics/zhufu/b-page-01/ + Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 + + https://readchina.github.io/comics/zhufu/b-page-01/ + +有一年初冬,鲁镇鲁四老爷家里要换女工,做中人的卫老婆子带来了一个女工,年纪大约二十六,七岁,脸色青黄,但两颊却还是红的。 One year in early winter, the family of Mr. Lu in the town of Luzhen wanted to change their female worker. Old Wei, who acted as a middlewoman, brought a female worker, roughly 26 or 27 years old. She had a sallow face, but her cheeks were still reddish. + + + + Page 02 + https://readchina.github.io/comics/biao/b-page-02/ + Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 + + https://readchina.github.io/comics/biao/b-page-02/ + +忽然,他看见一个女人在卖蛋饼,那蛋饼焦黄、松脆,还冒着热气。他馋得直流 口涎,于是走过去,拿起一个蛋饼,嗅了一嗅,塞在袋子里,转身走开了。 All of a sudden, he saw a woman selling pancakes which were brown, crisp and gave off hot steam. His mouth was watering, so he went and took one of the pancakes, smelled it, stuffed it in his pocket, turned around and walked away. + + + + Page 02 + https://readchina.github.io/comics/luxun/maishudegushi/maishudegushi-page-02/ + Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 + + https://readchina.github.io/comics/luxun/maishudegushi/maishudegushi-page-02/ + 中国人开的书店不能出售鲁迅著作,鲁迅就委托外国人开的书店代售,千方百计把革命真理传播到工农大众中去。鲁迅对内山完造说:“国民党不准书店发售我译的《毁灭》,其实《毁灭》是禁止不了的。” Von Chinesen betriebene Buchhandlungen durften Lu Xuns Werke nicht verkaufen, so dass er den Vertrieb seiner Bücher einer von einem Ausländer geführten Buchhandlung anvertraute, um die Wahrheit der Revolution mit allen Mitteln unter den Massen der Arbeiter und Bauern zu verbreiten. Lu Xun sagte zu Uchiyama Kanzō: „Die Guomindang erlaubt es Buchhandlungen nicht, das von mir übersetzte Werk Die Neunzehn zu verkaufen, doch Die Neunzehn lässt sich nicht verbieten. + + + + Page 02 + https://readchina.github.io/comics/luxun/yifumukedegushi/b-page-02/ + Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 + + https://readchina.github.io/comics/luxun/yifumukedegushi/b-page-02/ + +鲁迅还不辞辛苦,收集各国进步的原版木刻画,举办展览会,给爱好木刻的青年们观摩、学习。后来,又亲自将这些画翻印出来,送给从事新兴木刻运动的青年们。 Lu Xun scheute auch sonst keine Mühen, er sammelte aus verschiedensten Ländern fortschrittliche Holzschnitte im Original und veranstaltete Ausstellungen, um jungen Menschen, die sich für den Holzschnitt begeisterten, Anschauungsmaterial zu bieten und davon zu lernen. Später ließ er diese Bilder persönlich reproduzieren und schenkte sie den jungen Leuten, die sich in der aufkeimenden Holzschnitt-Bewegung engagierten. + + + + Page 02 + https://readchina.github.io/comics/luxun/zuihouyicixunli/b-page-02/ + Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 + + https://readchina.github.io/comics/luxun/zuihouyicixunli/b-page-02/ + +十月八日,是“中华全国木刻第二回流动展览会”展出的最后一天。那天午后,鲁迅抱病赶去参观。他多年来呕心沥血培育的这株幼苗,在白色恐怖的威胁下,终于成长起来,并开出了一枝枝花朵,这怎能不使鲁迅高兴呢! Der 8. Oktober war der letzte Ausstellungstag der „2. Landesweiten Wanderausstellung für chinesische Holzschnitte“. Am Nachmittag machte sich der kranke Lu Xun daher zügig auf den Weg zur Ausstellung. Viele Jahre hatte er all seine Kraft darauf verwendet die Schösslinge auszubilden, und nun waren diese unter der Bedrohung durch den weißen Terror endlich herangewachsen und hatten selbst Blüten getrieben. Wie hätte dies Lu Xun nicht glücklich machen können! + + + + Page 02 + https://readchina.github.io/comics/niqiu/b-page-02/ + Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 + + https://readchina.github.io/comics/niqiu/b-page-02/ + 一九四二年夏天,盘踞在河西据点里的日寇,特务,伪军,经常出来抓老百姓,抢东西。村里人都恨透了这帮坏蛋。有一天,敌人到河东“讨伐”。把抗属张大爷种的一亩西瓜凡熟的都给抢吃了,临走还把他打了一顿。 In the summer of 1942, Japanese invaders, spies, and puppet soldiers were stationed on the west side of the Luan River and often came out to take captive civilians and steal their things. Everyone in the village detested these bastards. One day, the enemy arrived at the east side of the river to &ldquo;punish&rdquo; the locals. They robbed and ate all the ripe watermelons on the patch of Uncle Zhang, a military dependent. + + + + Page 02 + https://readchina.github.io/comics/zhufu/b-page-02/ + Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 + + https://readchina.github.io/comics/zhufu/b-page-02/ + +卫老婆子叫她祥林嫂,说是自己母家的邻舍,死了当家人,所以出来做工。鲁四老爷皱了皱眉,鲁四太太已经知道了他的意思,是在讨厌她是一个寡妇。 Old Wei called her Xianglin&rsquo;s wife, said she was her maternal family&rsquo;s neighbour, and she came out to work because her husband had died. Mr. Lu frowned, and his wife immediately knew what he meant, that he disliked the status of Xianglin&rsquo;s wife as a widow. + + + + Page 03 + https://readchina.github.io/comics/biao/b-page-03/ + Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 + + https://readchina.github.io/comics/biao/b-page-03/ + +那女人追了过来,一把抓住他的肩膀,嚷道:“你偷东西!还我蛋饼!” The woman chased after him, grabbed his shoulder and shouted: &ldquo;You thief! Give back my pancake!&rdquo; + + + + Page 03 + https://readchina.github.io/comics/luxun/maishudegushi/maishudegushi-page-03/ + Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 + + https://readchina.github.io/comics/luxun/maishudegushi/maishudegushi-page-03/ + +说话间,一个头戴黄色制服帽的公共汽车青年卖票工人走了进来。这个青年看了鲁迅和店主人一眼,就翻起书架上的书来。突然,书脊上“鲁迅”两字跳入了他的眼帘。他赶忙抽出一本,急切地翻看起来。 Während sie sich unterhielten, trat ein junger Verkäufer von Busfahrkarten mit gelber Uniformmütze auf dem Kopf herein. Der junge Mann warf Lu Xun und dem Ladenbesitzer einen kurzen Blick zu, bevor er anfing, sich die Bücher in den Regalen anzuschauen. Plötzlich sprang ihm der Name „Lu Xun&quot; von einigen Buchrücken ins Auge. Sofort zog er ein Buch heraus und fing an, ungeduldig darin zu blättern. + + + + Page 03 + https://readchina.github.io/comics/luxun/yifumukedegushi/b-page-03/ + Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 + + https://readchina.github.io/comics/luxun/yifumukedegushi/b-page-03/ + +在鲁迅的倡导和培育下,我国新兴的革命木刻如茁壮的幼芽,冲破国民党反动派的种种压迫,顽强地成长起来。不少青年组成了木刻团体,运用木刻这一武器,跟国民党反动派进京斗争。 Durch Lu Xuns Initiative und Anleitung glich Chinas aufkeimender revolutionärer Holzschnitt einem kräftigen Sprössling, der jede Unterdrückung durch die Reaktionäre der Guomindang überwindet und unbeugsam wächst. Viele junge Menschen bildeten Holzschnitt-Gruppen und benutzten den Holzschnitt als Waffe im Kampf gegen die Reaktionäre der Guomindang. + + + + Page 03 + https://readchina.github.io/comics/luxun/zuihouyicixunli/b-page-03/ + Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 + + https://readchina.github.io/comics/luxun/zuihouyicixunli/b-page-03/ + 鲁迅踏进会场,整个会场顿时轰动起来。一群木刻青年立刻围上来,热烈地向他问候,关切地询问他的健康状况。鲁迅坦率地回答:“不好,不好,今年九个月中,足足大病了六个月。”说着,又是一阵咳嗽,脸色很苍白。 Als Lu Xun den Ausstellungssaal betrat, sorgte dies im ganzen Saal sofort für Aufsehen. Eine Gruppe junger Holzschnittkünstler gesellte sich sofort um ihn, grüßte ihn freundlich und fragte besorgt nach seinem Gesundheitszustand. Lu Xun antwortete geradeheraus: „Mir geht es nicht gut, wirklich nicht. Von neun Monaten war ich dieses Jahr ganze sechs Monate schwer krank.“ Als er das sagte, erlitt er einen weiteren Hustenanfall, und sein Gesicht war ganz blass. + + + + Page 03 + https://readchina.github.io/comics/niqiu/b-page-03/ + Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 + + https://readchina.github.io/comics/niqiu/b-page-03/ + +张大爷连伤带气,一病就起不来炕。那块西瓜地也就没人收拾了。 Uncle Zhang was injured and annoyed, and he was bedridden. Also, no one was able to tidy up the watermelon patch. + + + + Page 03 + https://readchina.github.io/comics/zhufu/b-page-03/ + Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 + + https://readchina.github.io/comics/zhufu/b-page-03/ + +但鲁四太太看祥林嫂模样还周正,手脚都壮大,很像一个安分耐劳的人,便不管四老爷的皱眉,将她留下试工了。 But Mrs. Lu thought her appearance very presentable, with strong hands and feet, and she looked like an honest and hard-working person, so she and kept her for a trial period regardless of Mr. Lu&rsquo;s frown. + + + + Page 04 + https://readchina.github.io/comics/biao/b-page-04/ + Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 + + https://readchina.github.io/comics/biao/b-page-04/ + +随着那女人的叫嚷声,一下子围上一大群人。人们把他拖在地上,毒打了一顿,接着又把他拉到警察局去。 Following the woman&rsquo;s shouting, a group of people immediately gathered around them. They dragged him to the floor, beat him relentlessly and took him to the police station. + + + + Page 04 + https://readchina.github.io/comics/luxun/maishudegushi/maishudegushi-page-04/ + Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 + + https://readchina.github.io/comics/luxun/maishudegushi/maishudegushi-page-04/ + 这就是鲁迅译的小说《毁灭》。鲁迅的著译,在那暗无天日的岁月里给了他多大的鼓舞啊!但是由于反动派的查禁,鲁迅的书越来越难买到了,今天在这里是意外发现。他按捺不住内心的喜悦,捧着这本书,舍不得放下。 Es war eben jener von Lu Xun übersetzte Roman Die Neunzehn. Was für eine enorme Inspiration Lu Xuns Schriften und Übersetzungen ihm in jenen finsteren Zeiten doch gegeben hatten! Doch aufgrund der Verbote durch die reaktionären Kräfte wurde es immer schwieriger, Lu Xuns Bücher zu erwerben. Dass er nun heute hier auf dieses Werk stieß, war ein unverhoffter Fund. Er konnte seine innere Freude nicht zurückhalten, hielt das Buch in den Händen und konnte es nicht mehr aus den Händen legen. + + + + Page 04 + https://readchina.github.io/comics/luxun/yifumukedegushi/b-page-04/ + Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 + + https://readchina.github.io/comics/luxun/yifumukedegushi/b-page-04/ + +一九三六年春天,鲁迅收到了一幅木刻和一封信。这是一个由于从事革命木刻而遭到反动派逮捕、拘禁的青年寄来的。 Im Frühjahr 1936 erhielt Lu Xun einen Holzschnitt und einen Brief. Geschickt wurden sie ihm von einem jungen Mann, der sich dem revolutionären Holzschnitt widmete und aus diesem Grund von den Reaktionären festgenommen und eingesperrt worden war. + + + + Page 04 + https://readchina.github.io/comics/luxun/zuihouyicixunli/b-page-04/ + Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 + + https://readchina.github.io/comics/luxun/zuihouyicixunli/b-page-04/ + 青年们看着他那瘦弱的身躯,心里十分难过,都劝他坐下歇一会儿。鲁迅却径直向展品走去。他仔细观看挂在墙上的每一幅作品,当他看到这些青年刻苦创作的作品,确比过去有了进步时,脸上露出了欣慰的笑容。 Lu Xuns schlechter Gesundheitszustand machte die jungen Leute ganz traurig. Sie drängten ihn sich hinzusetzen und sich eine Weile auszuruhen, doch Lu Xun ging geradewegs auf die Ausstellungsstücke zu. Er schaute sich jedes einzelne der Werke, die an der Wand hingen, genauestens an. Und als er die Werke sah, welche diese jungen Leute in mühsamer Arbeit erschaffen hatten, und feststellte, dass diese sich im Vergleich zu früher verbessert hatten, zeigte sich auf seinem Gesicht ein zufriedenes Lächeln. + + + + Page 04 + https://readchina.github.io/comics/niqiu/b-page-04/ + Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 + + https://readchina.github.io/comics/niqiu/b-page-04/ + +村干部研究了一下,决定委托儿童团看管瓜田。儿童团把这个任务交给了一个最勇敢而又有斗争经验的团员——泥鳅。 Therefore, the village cadres discussed the matter and decided to entrust the Children&rsquo;s Corps to take care of the melon patch. The Children&rsquo;s Corps then gave this task to one of the bravest and most experienced League members: Niqiu. + + + + Page 04 + https://readchina.github.io/comics/zhufu/b-page-04/ + Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 + + https://readchina.github.io/comics/zhufu/b-page-04/ + +试工期内,祥林嫂整天的做,似乎闲着就无聊,她又有力,简直抵得过一个男子,所以第三天就定局,每月钱五百文。 During the trial period, Xianglin&rsquo;s wife worked around the clock and seemed to get bored whenever she was idle. Besides, she was so strong that she could compete over a man, so on the third day, it was settled that she would stay and earn 500 wen per month. + + + + Page 05 + https://readchina.github.io/comics/biao/b-page-05/ + Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 + + https://readchina.github.io/comics/biao/b-page-05/ + +他被拘留了。他仰望窗外清朗、明净和蓝的发亮的天空,苦恼在脑子里打转:人生是多么糟糕!只为了一个蛋饼……他只等待着临头的命运。 He was held in custody and looked outside the window at the bright, clear and shining sky as his sorrows were whirling around his head: &ldquo;Life is so terrible! Only for a pancake…&rdquo; He was just waiting for his impending fate. + + + + Page 05 + https://readchina.github.io/comics/luxun/maishudegushi/maishudegushi-page-05/ + Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 + + https://readchina.github.io/comics/luxun/maishudegushi/maishudegushi-page-05/ + +店主人走了过来。这个青年很有礼貌地问:“先生,这本书多少钱?”店主人接过书翻看了一下说:“一元四角。”青年伸手摸了摸衬衫的口袋,里面只剩一元钱了。他轻声说了一句:“对不起,我的钱不够。” Der Ladenbesitzer kam zu ihm herüber. Der junge Mann fragte höflich: „Entschuldigen Sie, wieviel kostet dieses Buch?&quot; Der Ladenbesitzer nahm das Buch, drehte es um und sagte: „Einen Yuan und vier Jiao.&quot; Der junge Mann griff in seine Hemdtasche und merkte, dass er nur noch einen Yuan übrighatte. Er sagte mit leiser Stimme: „Es tut mir leid, doch mein Geld reicht nicht aus.&quot; + + + + Page 05 + https://readchina.github.io/comics/luxun/yifumukedegushi/b-page-05/ + Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 + + https://readchina.github.io/comics/luxun/yifumukedegushi/b-page-05/ + +这副木刻正中是鲁迅的头像,像的四周是昏暗的夜,狂吠的狗,孤寂的荒坟;一支巨大的毛笔就象[sic]一杆钢枪,横扫着手握屠刀的吃人野兽。技术虽不成熟,但却渗透着对鲁迅的敬爱和对反动派的仇恨。 Im Zentrum des Holzschnitts befand sich ein Porträt von Lu Xun. Es war umgeben von düsterer Nacht, wild bellenden Hunden und einsamen, verlassenen Gräbern; ein riesengroßer Pinsel, der einem Gewehr glich, fegte eine menschenfressende Bestie, die ein Schlachtmesser in der Hand hielt, davon. Zwar war die Technik noch nicht ausgereift, doch war das Bild voller Respekt und Liebe für Lu Xun und voller Verachtung gegenüber den Reaktionären. + + + + Page 05 + https://readchina.github.io/comics/luxun/zuihouyicixunli/b-page-05/ + Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 + + https://readchina.github.io/comics/luxun/zuihouyicixunli/b-page-05/ + 参观到一半,鲁迅顺手翻了一本意见簿,见上面写着“艺术之光”之类的捧场话,就说:“这是‘匾’。”青年们都笑了。他们领会鲁迅深刻的含意:盲目的捧场话如同高挂在厅堂前面歌功颂德的“匾”一样,对青年人是没有好处的。 Als er sich die Ausstellung zur Hälfte angesehen hatte, blätterte Lu Xun beiläufig in einem Gästebuch zur Ausstellung. Er sah, dass darin lobende Worte wie „Der Ruhm der Kunst“ und Ähnliches eingetragen waren und sagte: „Das ist doch eine ‚Schrifttafel‘.“ Die jungen Leute lachten. Sie verstanden die tiefere Bedeutung von Lu Xuns Worten: Genau wie die Lobhudeleien einer ‚Schrifttafel‘, die hoch über dem Eingang zu einer Halle hängt, hatte blindes Lob für die jungen Leute keinerlei Nutzen. + + + + Page 05 + https://readchina.github.io/comics/niqiu/b-page-05/ + Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 + + https://readchina.github.io/comics/niqiu/b-page-05/ + +瓜地和村子隔着半里路宽的一个大水坑,坑里长着芦苇。泥鳅是穷人家的孩子,从小就学会了干活。他的水量很大,自从接受了看瓜的任务后,他每天都游水过去,照料西瓜。 The watermelon patch and the village were separated by a big water pond, half a mile wide with reeds growing inside. Niqiu came from a poor family and had learned to work hard since he was a small kid. He was a good swimmer, so after he had accepted responsibility to protect the melons, he swam over each day to tend to the watermelons. + + + + Page 05 + https://readchina.github.io/comics/zhufu/b-page-05/ + Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 + + https://readchina.github.io/comics/zhufu/b-page-05/ + 祥林嫂不很爱说话,别人问了才回答,答的也不多。直到十几天之后,别人陆续的知道:她家里还有严厉的婆婆,一个小叔子;她是春天没了丈夫的,她丈夫活着时打柴为生,比她小十岁。大家所知道的也就只是这一点。 Xianglin&rsquo;s wife did not talk much and answered only when addressed, and her answers were brief. A dozen days had passed before other people learned bit-by-bit, that she had a harsh mother-in-law at home and a younger brother-in-law; she had lost her husband in the spring; her husband, 10 years younger than her, had gathered firewood for a living before he died. These were all that people knew about her. + + + + Page 06 + https://readchina.github.io/comics/biao/b-page-06/ + Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 + + https://readchina.github.io/comics/biao/b-page-06/ + +忽然,传来一阵敲击木头隔板的声音:“老爷!同志!放我出去吧!看在老天爷面上!我的孩子们在等我呢!”一股浓烈的酒气涌了过来。原来那是个醉汉。 Suddenly, he noticed a tapping sound on the wooden wall: &ldquo;Masters! Comrades! Let me out! In the name of God! My children are waiting for me!&rdquo; A wave of boozy breath came over. It turned out to be a drunkard. + + + + Page 06 + https://readchina.github.io/comics/luxun/maishudegushi/maishudegushi-page-06/ + Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 + + https://readchina.github.io/comics/luxun/maishudegushi/maishudegushi-page-06/ + +店主人没听清他的话,还是热心地向他推荐:“你买一本吧,这是一部很好的书。”青年诚恳地回答:“我知道。”他反复地将书抚摸着,脸上现出了惋惜的神情。 Der Ladenbesitzer hatte ihn nicht richtig gehört und empfahl ihm weiter enthusiastisch: „Kaufen Sie ein Exemplar, das ist ein wirklich gutes Buch.&quot; Der junge Mann erwiderte aufrichtig: „Ich weiß.&quot; Er fuhr immer wieder mit den Fingern über das Buch, sein Gesichtsausdruck von Bedauern erfüllt. + + + + Page 06 + https://readchina.github.io/comics/luxun/yifumukedegushi/b-page-06/ + Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 + + https://readchina.github.io/comics/luxun/yifumukedegushi/b-page-06/ + +一九三二年,这个青年才十八岁,由于受到鲁迅倡导革命木刻的影响,他和几个青年组织了一个木刻社。一次,他刻了一幅外国文学家的肖像,被特务发现了。他和另外两个青年便遭到了逮捕。 Im Jahr 1932, als der junge Mann gerade erst achtzehn Jahre alt gewesen war, hatte er unter dem Einfluss von Lu Xuns Initiative für den revolutionären Holzschnitt mit einigen anderen jungen Leuten eine Gesellschaft für auf die Beine gestellt. Einmal hatte er das Porträt eines ausländischen Schriftstellers geschnitzt, was von einem Spitzel entdeckt wurde. Er und zwei weitere junge Leute waren daraufhin festgenommen worden. + + + + Page 06 + https://readchina.github.io/comics/luxun/zuihouyicixunli/b-page-06/ + Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 + + https://readchina.github.io/comics/luxun/zuihouyicixunli/b-page-06/ + 大家再三请鲁迅休息,他才在一张藤椅上坐下。青年们见鲁迅脸色苍白,都劝他出国疗养。鲁迅微笑着回答:“我这种人是无法休养的。不写文章就不得过。与其不工作而多活几年,倒不如赶快工作而少活几年的好。” Erst als sie ihn wiederholt gebeten hatten sich doch etwas auszuruhen, setzte sich Lu Xun auf einen Rattanstuhl. Die jungen Leute sahen die Blässe in Lu Xuns Gesicht und drängten ihn, sich doch im Ausland auszukurieren. Lu Xun lächelte und sagte: „Leute wie ich können sich nicht erholen. Ich kann gar nicht anders als zu schreiben. Lieber nicht zu arbeiten und dafür ein paar Jahre länger zu leben, das ist nicht so gut, als bei der Arbeit keine Zeit zu verlieren und dafür einige Jahre weniger zu leben. + + + + Page 06 + https://readchina.github.io/comics/niqiu/b-page-06/ + Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 + + https://readchina.github.io/comics/niqiu/b-page-06/ + +泥鳅到了地理,总是闲不住,不是打瓜蔓,就是剜地蚕,嘴里还喊着:“沙瓤的大西瓜,谁吃谁甜掉牙!” At the patch, Niqiu always was busy. When he was not cutting the melon vines, he was picking out earthworms, all the while shouting: &ldquo;A huge watermelon full of mushy pulp sweetens everyone&rsquo;s life!&rdquo; + + + + Page 06 + https://readchina.github.io/comics/zhufu/b-page-06/ + Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 + + https://readchina.github.io/comics/zhufu/b-page-06/ + 日子很快的过去了,她的做工却毫没有松懈。人们都说鲁四老爷家里雇着了女工,实在比勤快的男人还勤快。到年底,扫尘,洗地,杀鸡,宰鹅,彻夜的煮福礼,全是一人担当,竟没有添短工。她的口角边渐渐的有了笑影,脸上也白胖了。 The days passed quickly, but her work never slacked off. Everyone said the female worker employed by Mr. Lu indeed was more diligent than a diligent man. By the end of the year, sweeping the dust, washing the ground, killing the chickens, slaughtering the geese, and preparing blessing ceremonies all night long, all of which were done by her alone without additional short-term helpers. The corners of her mouth gradually had a hint of a smile, her face also grew fairer and plumber. + + + + Page 07 + https://readchina.github.io/comics/biao/b-page-07/ + Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 + + https://readchina.github.io/comics/biao/b-page-07/ + +真是可笑极了。“傻瓜,”彼蒂加说,“我怎么能放你出去呢?我也是像你一样,关在这里的呀!” This was ridiculous! &ldquo;You fool&rdquo;, Petka said, &ldquo;how can I let you out? I am locked up in here just like you!&rdquo; + + + + Page 07 + https://readchina.github.io/comics/luxun/maishudegushi/maishudegushi-page-07/ + Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 + + https://readchina.github.io/comics/luxun/maishudegushi/maishudegushi-page-07/ + +坐在里面的鲁迅把这一切都看在眼里。他站起身慢慢地走了过来,亲切地看着这个青年,问道:“你要买这本书?”青年点头说:“很想买。” Lu Xun saß derweil im Inneren des Ladens und hatte dies alles mit angesehen. Jetzt stand er auf, ging langsam hinüber, sah den jungen Mann freundlich an und fragte: „Möchten Sie das Buch kaufen?&quot; Der junge Mann nickte und antwortete: „Sehr gerne.&quot; + + + + Page 07 + https://readchina.github.io/comics/luxun/yifumukedegushi/b-page-07/ + Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 + + https://readchina.github.io/comics/luxun/yifumukedegushi/b-page-07/ + +在反动派的法庭上,伪法官气势汹汹地指着他刻的文学家肖像喝问:“这是谁?”他回答:“一个文学家。”法官嚎叫起来:“这明明是红军的军官,你还想赖?”于是,他被判了两年六个月的徒刑。 Im Jahr 1932, als der junge Mann gerade erst achtzehn Jahre alt gewesen war, hatte er unter dem Einfluss von Lu Xuns Initiative für den revolutionären Holzschnitt mit einigen anderen jungen Leuten eine Gesellschaft für auf die Beine gestellt. Einmal hatte er das Porträt eines ausländischen Schriftstellers geschnitzt, was von einem Spitzel entdeckt wurde. Er und zwei weitere junge Leute waren daraufhin festgenommen worden. + + + + Page 07 + https://readchina.github.io/comics/luxun/zuihouyicixunli/b-page-07/ + Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 + + https://readchina.github.io/comics/luxun/zuihouyicixunli/b-page-07/ + +接着,鲁迅把话题转到木刻上。他说:“创作,我是不会的,但介绍翻印之类,也还要干下去。”青年们清楚记得,鲁迅辛勤收集翻印了许多外国进步木刻画集,馈赠给他们。那一本本精美的木刻画集,浸透了鲁迅培育青年的多少心血! Anschließend wechselte Lu Xun das Thema zu den Holzschnitten. Er sagte: „Kunstwerke erschaffen, das kann ich nicht, aber ich werde weiter Nachdrucke und Ähnliches vorstellen.“ Die jungen Leute erinnerten sich noch genau daran, dass Lu Xun in mühsamer Arbeit viele fortschrittliche Holzschnittsammlungen aus dem Ausland zusammengetragen und nachgeduckt und ihnen diese dann geschenkt hatte. Jede dieser hochwertigen Holzschnittsammlungen war durchtränkt von Lu Xuns Herzblut zur Förderung der Jugend! + + + + Page 07 + https://readchina.github.io/comics/niqiu/b-page-07/ + Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 + + https://readchina.github.io/comics/niqiu/b-page-07/ + +由于泥鳅热心的收拾,又赶上雨水勤,瓜蔓爬满了地,小瓜又顶上来了,不到半月时间,个个长得比量米的柳条斗子还大。 Because of Niqiu&rsquo;s enthusiastic work, and the frequent rainfalls, the melon vines crawled over the whole field and the small watermelons began to grow again. Before half a month had passed, they had all grown even bigger than Niqiu&rsquo;s wicker basket. + + + + Page 07 + https://readchina.github.io/comics/zhufu/b-page-07/ + Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 + + https://readchina.github.io/comics/zhufu/b-page-07/ + 新年才过,祥林嫂从河边淘米回来时,忽而失了色,说刚才远远的看见一个男人在对岸徘徊,很像夫家的堂伯,恐怕是正为寻她而来了。鲁四太太很惊疑,打听底细,她又不说。 Just after the new year, once when Xianglin&rsquo;s wife came back from rinsing rice by the river, she suddenly went pale and said that she just saw from afar a man pacing up and down on the other side of the riverband, who looked very similar to her husband&rsquo;s cousin. She was afraid that he had come to find her. Mrs. Lu was suspicious, but when she asked for details, Xianglin&rsquo;s wife would not say anything. + + + + Page 08 + https://readchina.github.io/comics/biao/b-page-08/ + Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 + + https://readchina.github.io/comics/biao/b-page-08/ + +“局长同志,请您放我出去吧!你瞧,这是多好的一块金表呀!”果然,从板缝里伸过一只手,手掌里托着一块闪闪发光的金表。表链上还挂着各式各样的小玩艺。 &ldquo;Comrade director, please let me free! Look at this wonderful golden watch!&rdquo; Sure enough, there was a hand reaching through the gap in the wall. There was a twisting sparkling golden watch in its palm. All sorts of little charms were hanging on the watch chain. + + + + Page 08 + https://readchina.github.io/comics/luxun/maishudegushi/maishudegushi-page-08/ + Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 + + https://readchina.github.io/comics/luxun/maishudegushi/maishudegushi-page-08/ + 鲁迅从书架上抽出另一本书递给他:“你买这一本吧,这本书很好。”青年接过来一看,封面上印着“铁流”两个字,但一看定价:一元八角,便说:“我买不起,先生。如果钱够的话,我真想都买回去看看。” Lu Xun zog ein weiteres Buch aus dem Bücherregal und reichte es ihm: „Kaufen Sie doch dieses Buch. Es ist sehr gut.&quot; Der junge Mann nahm es entgegen und warf einen Blick auf den Einband, auf dem der Titel Der eiserne Strom aufgedruckt war. Doch als er den Preis von einem Yuan und acht Jiao sah, sagte er: „Das kann ich mir nicht leisten, lieber Herr. Wenn ich genug Geld hätte, würde ich wirklich gerne beide Bücher mitnehmen und lesen. + + + + Page 08 + https://readchina.github.io/comics/luxun/yifumukedegushi/b-page-08/ + Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 + + https://readchina.github.io/comics/luxun/yifumukedegushi/b-page-08/ + 一九三五年初,青年受尽折磨之后出狱,在一个学校当教师。但他依然牢记着鲁迅的教导。业余,他又拿起了木刻刀。为了表彰鲁迅的战斗业绩,表达自己跟着鲁迅继续斗争的决心,他刻了这副木刻画。 Zu Beginn des Jahres 1935 war der junge Mann dann, nachdem er nach einem qualvollen Gefängnisaufenthalt entlassen worden war, Lehrer an einer Schule geworden. Aber er hatte sich immer noch ganz genau an Lu Xuns Unterweisungen erinnert. In seiner Freizeit nahm er wieder das Schnitzmesser zur Hand. Um die Erfolge von Lu Xuns Kampf zu ehren und seine eigene Entschlossenheit auszudrücken, dessen Kampf fortzusetzen, hatte er diesen Holzschnitt angefertigt. + + + + Page 08 + https://readchina.github.io/comics/luxun/zuihouyicixunli/b-page-08/ + Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 + + https://readchina.github.io/comics/luxun/zuihouyicixunli/b-page-08/ + 休息之后,鲁迅精神似乎好了些,又兴致勃勃地继续参观。他细心倾听着青年木刻作者的介绍,并随时提出自己的意见。鲁迅赞扬那些表现了工农群众斗争精神的作品,恳切地指出某些作品观察不深,刀法失当的缺点。 Nach der Pause ging es Lu Xun dem Anschein nach etwas besser und er setzte seinen Ausstellungsbesuch mit großer Begeisterung fort. Er hörte den Erklärungen der jungen Holzschnittkünstler aufmerksam zu und teilte ihnen immer wieder seine Ansichten dazu mit. Lu Xun lobte die Werke, die den Kampfgeist der Massen der Arbeiter und Bauern ausstrahlten, wies aber auch offen auf Mängel in einigen der Werke hin, wie etwa eine nur oberflächliche Beobachtungsgabe oder eine unzureichende Handfertigkeit beim Schnitzen. + + + + Page 08 + https://readchina.github.io/comics/niqiu/b-page-08/ + Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 + + https://readchina.github.io/comics/niqiu/b-page-08/ + +村里帮着泥鳅把熟了的西瓜及时摘下来,拉到集上卖掉,用卖瓜的钱给张大爷买药、治病。 The village people helped Niqiu pick the ripe watermelons in time and brought them to the market to sell them. With the money they earned, they bought medicine for Uncle Zhang and cured his injuries. + + + + Page 08 + https://readchina.github.io/comics/zhufu/b-page-08/ + Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 + + https://readchina.github.io/comics/zhufu/b-page-08/ + +鲁四老爷一知道,就皱一皱眉,对四太太说:这不好。恐怕她是逃出来的! When Mr. Lu found out about this, he frowned and said to his wife: &ldquo;This isn&rsquo;t good. I&rsquo;m afraid she ran away from her family!&rdquo; + + + + Page 09 + https://readchina.github.io/comics/biao/b-page-09/ + Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 + + https://readchina.github.io/comics/biao/b-page-09/ + +彼蒂加清晰地听到那表滴答地响,他的心也跟着猛跳起来。“嘿,真走运!”他抓过表,快活得喘不过气,血忽地涌到小脑瓜里去了。 Petka could clearly hear the watch ticking, and his heart started to beat in time with the watch. &ldquo;How lucky!&rdquo; He grabbed the watch so happy he could hardly breathe, and suddenly the blood rushed to his head. + + + + Page 09 + https://readchina.github.io/comics/luxun/maishudegushi/maishudegushi-page-09/ + Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 + + https://readchina.github.io/comics/luxun/maishudegushi/maishudegushi-page-09/ + +鲁迅温和地问道:“一元钱你有没有?一元钱?”青年回答一声:“有!”不觉抬起头来看着鲁迅热情的眼光。 Lu Xun fragte gutmütig: „Hast du denn einen Yuan? Einen einzigen?&quot; Der junge Mann antwortete: „Ja!&quot; Unbewusst hob er den Kopf und schaute in Lu Xuns freundliche Augen. + + + + Page 09 + https://readchina.github.io/comics/luxun/yifumukedegushi/b-page-09/ + Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 + + https://readchina.github.io/comics/luxun/yifumukedegushi/b-page-09/ + +一九三五年夏天,全国木刻联合会在上海举办展览会的时候,主持者向他征求作品。他怀着向反动派示威的心情,决定把这副木刻送去,“让那些吃人的人看看!” Im Sommer 1935, als die Nationale Holzschnitt-Vereinigung in Shanghai eine Ausstellung veranstaltete, hatten ihn die Veranstalter nach einem seiner Werke gefragt. Mit dem Gedanken daran, gegen die Reaktionäre zu protestieren, beschloss er, jenen Holzschnitt einzureichen, „um es diesen Menschenfressern zu zeigen!“ + + + + Page 09 + https://readchina.github.io/comics/luxun/zuihouyicixunli/b-page-09/ + Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 + + https://readchina.github.io/comics/luxun/zuihouyicixunli/b-page-09/ + 夜幕徐徐降临了,鲁迅这才和大家告别。青年们望着鲁迅渐渐远去的瘦弱身影,不禁想起他“横眉冷对千夫指,俯首甘为孺子牛”的著名诗句,想起他几十年的战斗历程。他们的眼眶湿润了。 Erst als langsam die Nacht hereinbrach, verabschiedete sich Lu Xun sich von allen. Und als die jungen Leute Lu Xuns schwacher und magerer Gestalt hinterherblickten, die sich nach und nach immer weiter entfernte, da mussten sie an einen berühmten Vers eines seiner Gedichte denken: „Mit grimmigem Blick biete ich tausend auf mich gerichteten Fingern die Stirn, mit gesenktem Kopf diene ich den Menschen“. Auch dachten sie an seinen jahrzehntelangen Kampf. + + + + Page 09 + https://readchina.github.io/comics/niqiu/b-page-09/ + Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 + + https://readchina.github.io/comics/niqiu/b-page-09/ + +一天,泥鳅把一个熟透了的大西瓜摘下来,洑着水把瓜运到张大爷家里。 One day, Niqiu picked a very ripe watermelon. He took it to Uncle Zhang&rsquo;s home by letting it float down the water. + + + + Page 09 + https://readchina.github.io/comics/zhufu/b-page-09/ + Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 + + https://readchina.github.io/comics/zhufu/b-page-09/ + +此后大约十几天,卫老婆子忽而带了一个女人来了,说是祥林嫂的婆婆。那女人虽是山里人模样,然而应酬很从容,说她特地来叫她的儿媳回家去,因为开春事务忙,家中人手不够。 About ten days later, Old Wei suddenly brought a woman, saying that she was the mother-in-law of Xianglin&rsquo;s wife. Although the woman looked like a peasant from the mountains, her social manner was very decent. She explained that she was here to take her daughter-in-law back home as her family was short of labor in the start of a busy spring. + + + + Page 10 + https://readchina.github.io/comics/biao/b-page-10/ + Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 + + https://readchina.github.io/comics/biao/b-page-10/ + +那醉汉顿着脚,好像给枪剌着一样大叫着:“救命呀!强盗……”彼蒂加吓坏了,紧紧抓着那块表。忽然,他想出了一个好主意。 The drunkard stomped his feet and yelled as if he had been stabbed: &ldquo;Ah, help! Bandits&hellip;&rdquo; Petka was scared and held the watch tightly. All of a sudden, he had a good idea. + + + + Page 10 + https://readchina.github.io/comics/luxun/maishudegushi/maishudegushi-page-10/ + Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 + + https://readchina.github.io/comics/luxun/maishudegushi/maishudegushi-page-10/ + +鲁迅把两本书交到青年手里:“给你,两本书一元钱。”青年接过书,几乎不相信自己的耳朵,他目不转睛地看着站在面前的这个慈祥的老人,猛然想起在杂志上见过的鲁迅照片,高兴得[sic]跳起来:“您,您就是……” Lu Xun legte beide Bücher in die Hände des jungen Mannes: „Hier, zwei Bücher für einen Yuan.&quot; Der junge Mann nahm die Bücher entgegen und konnte seinen Ohren kaum trauen. Unverwandt blickte er den gütigen alten Mann an, der vor ihm stand. Plötzlich erinnerte er sich an ein Foto von Lu Xun, das er in einer Zeitschrift gesehen hatte. Er sprang fröhlich auf: „Sie, Sie sind doch&hellip;&quot; + + + + Page 10 + https://readchina.github.io/comics/luxun/yifumukedegushi/b-page-10/ + Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 + + https://readchina.github.io/comics/luxun/yifumukedegushi/b-page-10/ + +展览会正式展出前一天,国民党反动派市党部的老爷们来检查了。他们见到这幅木刻,仿佛就象[sic]受到鲁迅的严厉审判一样,害怕得[sic]发抖,哆嗦着说:“这,这幅画不行!”硬逼着主持人把这幅木刻剔去。 Einen Tag vor der offiziellen Eröffnung der Ausstellung kamen die Herrschaften vom städtischen Parteibüro der reaktionären Guomindang zur Inspektion der Ausstellungsstücke. Als sie den Holzschnitt sahen, erschauderten sie vor Angst, als empfingen sie das strenge Urteil von Lu Xun, und sagten zitternd: „Dieses da, dieses Bild geht nicht!&quot; Und so zwangen sie die Veranstalter, das Bild wieder abzuhängen. + + + + Page 10 + https://readchina.github.io/comics/niqiu/b-page-10/ + Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 + + https://readchina.github.io/comics/niqiu/b-page-10/ + +这时,张大爷的病已好多了,他见泥鳅送了瓜来,便高兴得一骨碌坐起来。泥鳅抱着大西瓜,叫他尝尝。 By then, Uncle Zhang was feeling a lot better. When he saw Niqiu bringing the watermelon, he sat up, rejoicing. Niqiu held the huge watermelon in his arms and asked Uncle Zhang to try it. + + + + Page 10 + https://readchina.github.io/comics/zhufu/b-page-10/ + Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 + + https://readchina.github.io/comics/zhufu/b-page-10/ + +鲁四老爷说:“既是她的婆婆要她回去,那有什么话可以说呢。”于是算清了工钱,祥林嫂一文没有用,都交给婆婆。那女人又取了衣服,道过谢,出去了。其实已经是正午。 Mr. Lu said, &ldquo;now that her mother-in-law wants her to go home, what can we say?&rdquo; Then they settled her wages. As Xianglin&rsquo;s wife had not used a single coin, the entire sum was handed over to her mother-in-law. The woman picked up the clothes of Xianglin&rsquo;s wife, thanked Mr. Lu, and then left. It was already midday. + + + + Page 11 + https://readchina.github.io/comics/biao/b-page-11/ + Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 + + https://readchina.github.io/comics/biao/b-page-11/ + +他把表链和那些小玩艺一起揪下来,塞进板缝:“喏,拿去!”那醉汉已经糊涂了,早把表忘记了。他接过表链,喃喃地说:“多谢!多谢!我的心肝!” He pulled off the chain with the charms and stuffed it through the gap: &ldquo;Here, take it!&rdquo; The drunkard was muddle-headed. He had already forgotten about the watch. He took the chain and murmured: &ldquo;Thanks a lot! Thanks a lot! My precious!&rdquo; + + + + Page 11 + https://readchina.github.io/comics/luxun/maishudegushi/maishudegushi-page-11/ + Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 + + https://readchina.github.io/comics/luxun/maishudegushi/maishudegushi-page-11/ + 鲁迅微笑着点了点头,对他说:“这本《铁流》因为是另一位先生翻译的,所以收回一点成本;我那一本,是送给你的。”青年抑制不住内心的激动,眼眶里滚动着泪花,连忙掏出那枚带着体温的银元,放到鲁迅手里。 Lu Xun nickte lächelnd und sagte zu ihm: „Dieses Buch Der eiserne Strom hat ein anderer Herr übersetzt, daher muss ich von dir einen Teil der Kosten dafür einziehen. Das von mir übersetzte Buch aber schenke ich dir.&quot; Der junge Mann konnte seine innere Aufregung nicht mehr verbergen, sodass ihm Tränen in die Augen stiegen. Eilig zog er die Silbermünze, die noch seine Körperwärme trug, heraus und legte sie Lu Xun in die Hand. + + + + Page 11 + https://readchina.github.io/comics/luxun/yifumukedegushi/b-page-11/ + Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 + + https://readchina.github.io/comics/luxun/yifumukedegushi/b-page-11/ + +展览会开幕了,青年找遍整个会场,没有发现他刻的《鲁迅像》。他向展览会主持人询问,主持人从抽屉里取出那幅《鲁迅像》,把国民党反动派检查老爷的卑劣行径告诉他,深情地说:“要知道,这是火,一团炽热的火啊!” Die Ausstellung wurde eröffnet und der junge Mann suchte den gesamten Veranstaltungsort ab, konnte sein Lu Xun Porträt aber nicht finden. Er fragte den Ausstellungsleiter danach, dieser das Bild holte aus einer Schublade und erzählte ihm von der niederträchtigen Aktion der Inspekteure der Reaktionäre der Guomindang. Er sagte mitfühlend: „Du musst wissen, das ist Feuer, glühend heißes Feuer!“ + + + + Page 11 + https://readchina.github.io/comics/niqiu/b-page-11/ + Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 + + https://readchina.github.io/comics/niqiu/b-page-11/ + +张大爷接过瓜,把瓜贴在耳朵上,听了又拍,拍了又听,嘴里不住称赞:“好瓜!好瓜!这瓜给多少钱也不卖,留着做种。” After Uncle Zhang took the melon, he held it very close to his ear, listening and patting, patting and listening. He could not stop praising: &ldquo;Such a good watermelon! Such a good watermelon! No matter how much money they give us, we&rsquo;re not selling this one. We keep it for making seeds.&rdquo; + + + + Page 11 + https://readchina.github.io/comics/zhufu/b-page-11/ + Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 + + https://readchina.github.io/comics/zhufu/b-page-11/ + +好一会,四太太这才惊叫起来:“啊呀,米呢?祥林嫂不是去淘米的么?”于是大家分头寻淘箩。四太太先到厨下,再到堂前,后到卧房,全不见淘箩的影子。 After a while, Mrs. Lu cried out, &ldquo;Ah, where is the rice? Didn&rsquo;t Xianglin&rsquo;s wife go out to rinse the rice?&rdquo; People scattered up to look for the rice basket. Mrs. Lu checked the kitchen, then the hall, afterwards the bedroom, but she didn&rsquo;t see even a shadow of it. + + + + Page 12 + https://readchina.github.io/comics/biao/b-page-12/ + Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 + + https://readchina.github.io/comics/biao/b-page-12/ + +太阳在窗外放光,表在彼蒂加手里发亮。他想:聪明人说得对,因祸得福。这表值五十卢布……把它卖了,我得买个白面包,还有猪油、香肠、靴子、带条纹的汗衫…… The sun was shining outside the window, and the watch was gleaming in Petka&rsquo;s hand. He thought: &ldquo;The wise man was right about gaining profit by misfortune. This watch is worth 50 Roubles… after selling it, I&rsquo;ll buy myself white bread and lard, sausages, boots, and also a striped undershirt…&rdquo; + + + + Page 12 + https://readchina.github.io/comics/luxun/maishudegushi/maishudegushi-page-12/ + Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 + + https://readchina.github.io/comics/luxun/maishudegushi/maishudegushi-page-12/ + +青年有多少话要跟鲁迅说啊,可是一时不知从哪里说起。他深情地看了鲁迅一眼,恭敬地鞠了一个躬,把那两本凝结着深厚革命情谊的书小心地装进帆布袋,匆匆地走出了店门。 Der junge Mann wollte Lu Xun so viel sagen, doch in dem Moment wusste er nicht, wo er anfangen sollte. Er schaute Lu Xun mit tiefer Zuneigung an, verbeugte sich respektvoll, steckte die beiden Bücher, die von einer tiefen revolutionären Freundschaft zeugten, vorsichtig in seine Leinentasche und verließ schnellen Schrittes den Laden. + + + + Page 12 + https://readchina.github.io/comics/luxun/yifumukedegushi/b-page-12/ + Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 + + https://readchina.github.io/comics/luxun/yifumukedegushi/b-page-12/ + +青年拿回了这幅被禁止展出的木刻,把它珍藏在箱子里。过了些时候,他打开箱子,忽然想到:为什么不把这幅木刻寄给鲁迅先生看看,把它的遭遇告诉鲁迅先生呢?于是他立即写了一封信,连同这幅木刻,一起寄给了鲁迅。 Der junge Mann hatte das von der Ausstellung verbannte Bild zurückgenommen und gut in einer Kiste versteckt. Nach einiger Zeit öffnete er die Kiste wieder und hatte plötzlich eine Idee: Warum sollte er das Bild nicht an Lu Xun schicken und ihm erzählen, was dem Bild widerfahren ist? Also schrieb er sofort einen Brief und schickte ihn gemeinsam mit dem Bild an Lu Xun. + + + + Page 12 + https://readchina.github.io/comics/niqiu/b-page-12/ + Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 + + https://readchina.github.io/comics/niqiu/b-page-12/ + +泥鳅拿起刀,在西瓜把儿上,“嗖” 地一旋,碗大的一块西瓜皮掉下来,露出鸡冠子色的沙瓤,瓤里包着油亮亮的黑籽。他们都用小勺挖着吃,把西瓜籽吐出来留作籽用。 Niqiu picked up a knife, and &ndash; WHOOSH &ndash; let it down on the watermelon. A large piece of the watermelon fell off and revealed the cockscomb-coloured melon pulp, which was covered with shiny black seeds. They both dug out some pulp with small spoons and ate it, spitting out the watermelon seeds in order to use them as seeds. + + + + Page 12 + https://readchina.github.io/comics/zhufu/b-page-12/ + Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 + + https://readchina.github.io/comics/zhufu/b-page-12/ + +四老爷踱出门外,也不见,直到河边,才见淘箩平平正正的放在岸上,旁边还有一株菜。 Mr. Lu checked outside, and did not find any trace of it either. He finally found it placed neatly on the river bank, with a bunch of vegetables next to it. + + + + Page 13 + https://readchina.github.io/comics/biao/b-page-13/ + Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 + + https://readchina.github.io/comics/biao/b-page-13/ + +一切都很好。只有一样不好,就是像罐子里的老鼠一样被关住了。“不要紧!”他安慰自己,“晚上,市场一收摊子,他们就放我了。”可是时间又是多么长呀!太阳简直一点儿也不着急。 Everything was fine. Only one thing was not fine, to be locked up like a mouse in a jar. &ldquo;Never mind!&rdquo; He comforted himself, &ldquo;in the evening, once the market closes, they will let me go.&rdquo; But how slowly the time passed! The sun was not in a hurry at all. + + + + Page 13 + https://readchina.github.io/comics/luxun/maishudegushi/maishudegushi-page-13/ + Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 + + https://readchina.github.io/comics/luxun/maishudegushi/maishudegushi-page-13/ + +鲁迅送到门口。秋风卷着细雨,飘洒在他的脸上,凉丝丝的,可是手上那枚带着体温的银元,却使他心里感到无限温暖。他久久地凝视着那个青年工人冒雨远去的背影…… Lu Xun begleitete ihn bis zur Tür. Durch den Herbstwind wehte ihm der Nieselregen ins Gesicht. Es war kühl, doch die noch warme Silbermünze in seiner Hand erfüllte sein Herz mit grenzenloser Wärme. Lange blickte er dem jungen Arbeiter hinterher, wie er im Regen verschwand&hellip; + + + + Page 13 + https://readchina.github.io/comics/luxun/yifumukedegushi/b-page-13/ + Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 + + https://readchina.github.io/comics/luxun/yifumukedegushi/b-page-13/ + 鲁迅看了信和木刻,十分气愤。他立即给这个青年写了回信,信上写道:“我要保存这一幅画,一者是因为是遭过艰难的青年的作品,二是因为留着党老爷的蹄痕,三,则由此也纪念一点现在的黑暗和挣扎。” Als Lu Xun nun den Brief las und das Bild ansah, wurde er sehr wütend. Er verfasste sofort eine Antwort an den jungen Mann. Darin schrieb er: „Ich werde dieses Bild aufbewahren, erstens weil es das Werk eines jungen Mannes ist, der so viel erleiden musste, zweitens weil darauf die Inspekteure der Guomindang mit ihren Klauen Spuren hinterlassen haben und drittens auch zum Gedenken an die Dunkelheit und die Mühen der heutigen Zeit. + + + + Page 13 + https://readchina.github.io/comics/niqiu/b-page-13/ + Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 + + https://readchina.github.io/comics/niqiu/b-page-13/ + +吃完瓜,泥鳅抱着掏空了的大西瓜皮,在西瓜皮上挖了两个小洞,把西瓜皮往头上一套,象个大头娃娃似的,扭搭起秧歌,到坑沿上去了。 After eating the melon, Niqiu held the hollowed-out watermelon skin, cut two small holes into it and put the watermelon peel on his head, so he looked like a big-headed doll. Dancing a Yangge, he went to the edge of the water pond. + + + + Page 13 + https://readchina.github.io/comics/zhufu/b-page-13/ + Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 + + https://readchina.github.io/comics/zhufu/b-page-13/ + +看见的人报告说,河里面上午就停了一只白篷船,篷是全盖起来的。待到祥林嫂出来淘米,刚刚要跪下去,船里便突然跳出两个男人来,像是山里人,一个抱住她,一个帮着,拖进船去。 Bystanders reported that there had been a boat moored on the river since the morning, fully covered with a white canopy. When Xianglin&rsquo;s wife knelt down to wash the rice, two men looking like peasants from the mountains suddenly jumped out of the boat. One man caught her and, with the help of the other, dragged her into the boat. + + + + Page 14 + https://readchina.github.io/comics/biao/b-page-14/ + Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 + + https://readchina.github.io/comics/biao/b-page-14/ + +他又仔细看了看那表,才把它塞在破烂的裤袋里。为了牢靠,他把袋子打了一个结。不一会儿,们锁响了,一个警察走进来叫他出去。彼蒂加高兴地跳了起来,提一提裤子,跟着警察走出禁闭室。 Carefully, he looked at the watch and put it into the pocket of his tattered trousers. Just in case, he tied the pocket with a knot. After a while, the door opened, a policeman walked in and called him out. Rejoicing, Petka jumped up, pulled up his pants and followed the policeman out of the guardroom. + + + + Page 14 + https://readchina.github.io/comics/luxun/yifumukedegushi/b-page-14/ + Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 + + https://readchina.github.io/comics/luxun/yifumukedegushi/b-page-14/ + +不久,这个青年受鲁迅的邀请,来到鲁迅寓所,和鲁迅亲切交谈。鲁迅询问他的身世,青年向鲁迅倾诉多年来郁积在心中的愤恨和不平,也把一九三二年被国民党反动派逮捕和监禁的经过告诉了鲁迅。 Nicht viel später erhielt der junge Mann Lu Xuns Einladung, ihn zu Hause zu besuchen und mit ihm ein persönliches Gespräch zu führen. Lu Xun fragte ihn zu seinem harten Los, und der junge Mann vertraute ihm die seit Jahren in ihm schwelende Verbitterung und seinen Kummer an, auch von der Festnahme und Inhaftierung durch die Reaktionäre der Guomindang im Jahr 1932 erzählte er Lu Xun. + + + + Page 14 + https://readchina.github.io/comics/niqiu/b-page-14/ + Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 + + https://readchina.github.io/comics/niqiu/b-page-14/ + +泥鳅来到了水坑边上,水坑里有很多洗澡玩的孩子,扑通扑通地打着水。泥鳅悄悄地往水里一钻,只有一个套在头上的大西瓜皮留在水面上。 When Niqiu came to the edge of the water pond, a lot of children were washing and playing in the water, splashing the water. Niqiu quietly waded into the water, only the watermelon peel was visible on the surface. + + + + Page 14 + https://readchina.github.io/comics/zhufu/b-page-14/ + Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 + + https://readchina.github.io/comics/zhufu/b-page-14/ + +又说,祥林嫂还哭喊了几声,此后便再也没有什么声息,大约给用什么堵住了罢。接着就走上两个女人来,一个不认识,一个就是卫老婆子。窥探舱里,不很分明,祥林嫂像是捆了躺在船板上。 They continued to report, that Xianglin&rsquo;s wife cried out a few times and then fell into silence. Her mouth was probably stuffed by something. Afterwards, two women appeared, one of them unknown, the other one Old Wei. The bystanders peeped in. It was not quite clear, but Xianglin&rsquo;s wife seemed to be tied up lying on the deck. + + + + Page 15 + https://readchina.github.io/comics/biao/b-page-15/ + Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 + + https://readchina.github.io/comics/biao/b-page-15/ + +彼蒂加被带进局长办公室。“你好!小扒手。”局长问,“你什么时候生的?”“不知道,可是我十一岁了。”“好像是第七次到我这儿来做客吧?我的判决是原谅你年幼无知,送你到少年教养院去。”彼帝加的头嗡的一声胀大了。 Petka was taken into the chief's office. &ldquo;Hello, little pickpocket! When were you born?&rdquo; The chief asked. &ldquo;I don&rsquo;t know, but I am eleven years old.&rdquo; - &ldquo;You seem to be my guest for the seventh time? My decision is to forgive you your youth and ignorance, and send you to the reformatory.&rdquo; Petka&rsquo;s head started to buzz. + + + + Page 15 + https://readchina.github.io/comics/luxun/yifumukedegushi/b-page-15/ + Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 + + https://readchina.github.io/comics/luxun/yifumukedegushi/b-page-15/ + +鲁迅听完这个青年的诉说,愤慨地说:“为了刻一张文学家的像,得了这样的罪,这是大黑暗,也是大笑话。”青年苦笑一下,说:“这次坐牢倒给我增加了不少知识,使我见到了那么多残酷刑罚,真是惨不忍睹……” Als Lu Xun den Bericht des jungen Mannes angehört hatte, sagte er entrüstet: „Für das Schnitzen eines Schriftsteller-Porträts eine solche Strafe zu erhalten, das ist wirklich düster, aber auch total lächerlich.“ Der junge Mann lachte bitter auf und sagte: „Im Gefängnis habe ich unerwarteterweise vieles gelernt. Ich habe so viele brutale Strafen gesehen, es war wirklich nicht auszuhalten…“ + + + + Page 15 + https://readchina.github.io/comics/niqiu/b-page-15/ + Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 + + https://readchina.github.io/comics/niqiu/b-page-15/ + +一个孩子眼尖,站在水里喊道:“看那有个大西瓜,大西瓜!”一个猛子游过去,要去打捞大西瓜。 One of the children had sharp eyes. He stood in the water and shouted: &ldquo;Look, there&rsquo;s a huge watermelon, a huge watermelon!&rdquo;, a courageous child swam over to get the huge watermelon out of the water. + + + + Page 15 + https://readchina.github.io/comics/zhufu/b-page-15/ + Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 + + https://readchina.github.io/comics/zhufu/b-page-15/ + +午饭之后,卫老婆子又来了。四老爷说:“可恶!”四太太愤愤地说:“你自己荐她来,又合伙劫她去,成个什么样子?你拿我们家里开玩笑么?” Old Wei came again after lunch. Mr. Lu said, &ldquo;How dreadful is this!&rdquo; Mrs. Lu said angrily, &ldquo;It was you yourself who recommended her to work here, and now you just helped others to kidnap her back, what is this? Are you trying to make a joke out of our family?&rdquo; + + + + Page 16 + https://readchina.github.io/comics/biao/b-page-16/ + Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 + + https://readchina.github.io/comics/biao/b-page-16/ + +更糟糕的是,局长命令警察搜他的身。他想:从此永远分手了,我的宝贝表!幸亏警察嫌脏,不肯动手。 To make matters worse, the chief ordered the policeman to search his body. He thought: &ldquo;Farewell forever, my beloved watch.&rdquo; Fortunately, the policeman disliked filth and was unwilling to move. + + + + Page 16 + https://readchina.github.io/comics/luxun/yifumukedegushi/b-page-16/ + Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 + + https://readchina.github.io/comics/luxun/yifumukedegushi/b-page-16/ + +“最惨的是和我关在同一房间里的一个年青农民。反动派说他是红军军长,把缝衣针插进他的指甲缝里,插了一只又一只,十个指头都插满了,但是他至死不招。到现在,他那坚贞不屈的形象,还时刻浮现在我的眼前。” „Am Schlimmsten erging es einem jungen Bauern, der mit mir in eine Zelle gesperrt war. Die Reaktionäre meinten, er wäre ein Offizier der Roten Armee, und so bohrten sie ihm Nähnadeln unter die Fingernägel, eine Nadel nach der anderen, an allen zehn Fingern, aber bis er starb, gab er kein Geständnis ab. Bis zum heutigen Tag ist mir sein entschlossener und unbeugsamer Ausdruck noch immer vor Augen.“ + + + + Page 16 + https://readchina.github.io/comics/niqiu/b-page-16/ + Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 + + https://readchina.github.io/comics/niqiu/b-page-16/ + +其他的孩子也看到了,停止了“捉水猫猫”的游戏,都去捞那个大西瓜。西瓜在水面上一浮一浮的,孩子们追的快,瓜也游的快。 Other children also saw it, so they stopped the game of &ldquo;catch the water cat&rdquo; and went to catch the huge watermelon. The watermelon was floating on the surface. As the children were chasing it fast, it was also swimming fast. + + + + Page 16 + https://readchina.github.io/comics/zhufu/b-page-16/ + Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 + + https://readchina.github.io/comics/zhufu/b-page-16/ + +卫老婆子连忙说:“啊呀啊呀! 我真上当。对不起,四老爷,四太太。她来求我荐地方,我哪里料得到是瞒着她的婆婆的呢。这一回我一定荐一个好的来折罪……。” Old Wei answered hurriedly, &ldquo;Ah, ah! I was fooled. I apologize for this, Mr. and Mrs. Lu. She had come to me and begged for a work recommendation. How could I have known that she concealed this from her mother-in-law? Next time, I will find someone better to make up for the mistake.&rdquo; + + + + Page 17 + https://readchina.github.io/comics/biao/b-page-17/ + Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 + + https://readchina.github.io/comics/biao/b-page-17/ + +局长对警察说:“不搜也罢,这不关紧要。你带上公文,把这小浪子交给少年教养院去。”警察把公文塞在皮包里,对彼蒂加说:“流浪儿,走吧!”彼蒂加庆幸地一提裤子,迈开大步便走。 The chief said to the policeman: &ldquo;Don&rsquo;t search, it doesn't matter. Take this document and bring this little hooligan to the reformatory.&rdquo; The policeman stuffed the document into his briefcase and turned to Petka: &ldquo;Hooligan, let's go!&rdquo; Happily, Petka pulled up his pants and followed with big steps. + + + + Page 17 + https://readchina.github.io/comics/luxun/yifumukedegushi/b-page-17/ + Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 + + https://readchina.github.io/comics/luxun/yifumukedegushi/b-page-17/ + 青年还告诉鲁迅,他虽然被释放了,但还是很不自由,经常受到特务的监视,很感痛苦。鲁迅鼓励他说:“人生现在实在苦痛,但是我们总要战取光明,即使自己遇不到,也可以留给后来的!我们就这样的[sic]活下去吧!” Der Jugendliche erzählte Lu Xun außerdem noch, dass er, obwohl er freigelassen wurde, trotzdem nicht sehr frei war und häufig von Spitzeln einer Spezialeinheit überwacht wurde, was ihn sehr quälte. Lu Xun sagte ermunternd zu ihm: „Das Leben heutzutage ist in der Tat eine Qual. Dennoch sollten wir stets zuversichtlich bleiben, und auch wenn wir gewisse Dinge nicht erreichen können, so können wir sie jenen übertragen, die nach uns kommen werden. + + + + Page 17 + https://readchina.github.io/comics/niqiu/b-page-17/ + Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 + + https://readchina.github.io/comics/niqiu/b-page-17/ + +一个机灵的孩子停住了,喊道:“别追了,这西瓜有 '鬼',这是引咱们往深水里去,好淹死我们。”孩子们都害怕了,不敢再追。 A clever child stopped and yelled: &ldquo;Stop chasing, there&rsquo;s a ghost in this watermelon, it&rsquo;s leading us into the deep water to drown us.&rdquo; The children got scared and did not dare to continue their chase. + + + + Page 17 + https://readchina.github.io/comics/zhufu/b-page-17/ + Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 + + https://readchina.github.io/comics/zhufu/b-page-17/ + 原来祥林嫂瞒着她婆婆出来做工, 她婆婆要给小儿子娶媳妇,不把她嫁了就没有钱做聘礼,所以把她许给了贺家墺的贺老六。祥林嫂回家之后,她婆婆就逼她上轿。 As it turned out, Xianglin&rsquo;s wife had left for work without telling her mother-in-law. Her mother-in-law wanted to find a wife for her younger son, and without the income from marrying her off they could not afford to pay the bride price. Xianglin's wife was thus promised to He Laoliu of Hejia Village. After Xianglin&rsquo;s wife came home, her mother-in-law forced her to enter the bridal sedan chair. + + + + Page 18 + https://readchina.github.io/comics/biao/b-page-18/ + Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 + + https://readchina.github.io/comics/biao/b-page-18/ + +他们穿过热闹的市场,彼蒂加只有一个念头:跑掉!他的心思被警察看透了:“想溜掉吗?那就跑吧!”可他却一本正经的说:“我才不跑呢!即使打死我,我也不跑。” As they crossed the lively market, Petka only had one thought: &ldquo;Run away!&rdquo; The policeman read his mind. &ldquo;Want to slip away? Just run away then!&rdquo; But he answered seriously: &ldquo;I won&rsquo;t run away! Even if you beat me to death, I won&rsquo;t run away.&rdquo; + + + + Page 18 + https://readchina.github.io/comics/luxun/yifumukedegushi/b-page-18/ + Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 + + https://readchina.github.io/comics/luxun/yifumukedegushi/b-page-18/ + 青年望着鲁迅坚定的目光,浑身热血沸腾,心里默默地说:“鲁迅先生,我一定听从您的教导,要战取光明,要这样活下去!”鲁迅又对青年说:“我要将你刚才说的情况写一篇文章,中国不能发表,就拿到外国去!” Der junge Mann sah den entschlossenen Blick Lu Xuns, in ihm brodelte heißes Blut und innerlich sagte er zu ihm: „Werter Herr Lu Xun, ich werde Ihren Rat auf jeden Fall befolgen, zuversichtlich bleiben und genauso weiterleben!” Lu Xun wandte sich noch einmal an ihn und sagte: „Ich werde über alles, was du mir gerade erzählt hast, einen Artikel schreiben, und wenn er in China nicht erscheinen darf, dann eben im Ausland! + + + + Page 18 + https://readchina.github.io/comics/niqiu/b-page-18/ + Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 + + https://readchina.github.io/comics/niqiu/b-page-18/ + +孩子们都上了岸,眼巴巴的看着这个大西瓜。泥鳅从小洞里看见他们害怕的样子,不由得想笑。 The children all went ashore, looking anxiously at the huge watermelon. Niqiu watched their frightened expressions through the small holes in the watermelon and could not help wanting to laugh. + + + + Page 18 + https://readchina.github.io/comics/zhufu/b-page-18/ + Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 + + https://readchina.github.io/comics/zhufu/b-page-18/ + +祥林嫂不依,她婆婆就叫小儿子把她用绳子一捆,塞在花轿里。祥林嫂一路只是嚎,骂,花轿抬到贺家墺,她喉咙已经全哑了。 Xianglin&rsquo;s wife would not comply, so her mother-in-law told the younger son to tie her up with a rope and shove her into the sedan chair. Xianglin&rsquo;s wife howled and cursed the whole way, so by the time they arrived at Hejia Village, she was completely hoarse. + + + + Page 19 + https://readchina.github.io/comics/biao/b-page-19/ + Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 + + https://readchina.github.io/comics/biao/b-page-19/ + +警察走得口渴了,正好跟过一个叫“米兰”的茶馆,他叫彼蒂加一同进去喝茶,彼蒂加不肯。警察说:“我知道你是不跑的,你是一个乖小子……”他让彼蒂加在外边等着,自己进去了。 The policeman walked and became thirsty, just as they passed by a teahouse called &ldquo;Milan&rdquo;. He asked Petka to go in together to drink some tea, but Petka refused. The policeman said: &ldquo;I know you won&rsquo;t run away. You&rsquo;re a good boy…&rdquo; He left Petka waiting outside and went in by himself. + + + + Page 19 + https://readchina.github.io/comics/luxun/yifumukedegushi/b-page-19/ + Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 + + https://readchina.github.io/comics/luxun/yifumukedegushi/b-page-19/ + 青年走后,鲁迅的心情久久不能平静。窗外一片漆黑,夜已深了。他提笔疾书。他要向全世界披露中国历史上最黑暗的一页,告诉人们中国的革命者正在这黑暗里浴血奋斗。于是,一篇犀利的杂文《写于深夜里》在斗争中诞生了。 Nachdem der junge Mann gegangen war, kam Lu Xun lange nicht zur Ruhe. Vor seinem Fenster war es stockdunkel, es war schon mitten in der Nacht. Er nahm einen Stift zur Hand und schrieb schnell. Er wollte für die ganze Welt eine der dunkelsten Seiten der Geschichte Chinas enthüllen und den Menschen erzählen, dass sich die chinesischen Revolutionäre in einem blutigen Kampf befanden. So wurde der scharfsinnige Essay mit dem Titel “In tiefer Nacht geschrieben” aus dem Kampf heraus geboren. + + + + Page 19 + https://readchina.github.io/comics/niqiu/b-page-19/ + Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 + + https://readchina.github.io/comics/niqiu/b-page-19/ + +他手一按,脚一踩,半个身子露出水面来。他晃着西瓜头,高兴地唱起了秧歌调。 He pushed with his hands, stomped with his feet and the upper part of his body emerged from the water. He shook his watermelon head and happily began to sing a Yangge tune. + + + + Page 19 + https://readchina.github.io/comics/zhufu/b-page-19/ + Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 + + https://readchina.github.io/comics/zhufu/b-page-19/ + +拉出轿来,贺老六的哥哥和祥林嫂的小叔子使劲的擒住她,也还拜不成天地。 After being pulled out of the sedan chair, He Laoliu&rsquo;s brother and her late husband&rsquo;s brother exerted all their strength to restrain her, nonetheless they still could not make her complete the kowtows of the wedding ceremony. + + + + Page 20 + https://readchina.github.io/comics/biao/b-page-20/ + Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 + + https://readchina.github.io/comics/biao/b-page-20/ + +彼蒂加二话没说拔脚就跑。他像插上了翅膀,转过街角,狂奔飞跑,心都快要从胸口里跳出来了。往哪儿去呢?他自己也不知道。 Without another word, Petka turned around and ran. He seemed to have grown wings, he turned around the corner and his heart was about to jump out of his chest. Where should he go? He did not know himself. + + + + Page 20 + https://readchina.github.io/comics/niqiu/b-page-20/ + Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 + + https://readchina.github.io/comics/niqiu/b-page-20/ + +小伙伴二嘎子听出是泥鳅的声音,便一挥手喊起来:“走哇!打这个大头鬼!” 于是十几个孩子一齐跳下水,朝泥鳅追去。 When Little Ergazi recognized Niqiu&rsquo;s voice, he waved his hand and shouted: &ldquo;Let&rsquo;s go! Beat this big-headed ghost!&rdquo; Following that, a dozen children collectively jumped into the water and chased after Niqiu. + + + + Page 20 + https://readchina.github.io/comics/zhufu/b-page-20/ + Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 + + https://readchina.github.io/comics/zhufu/b-page-20/ + +他们一不小心,一松手,祥林嫂就一头撞在香案角上,头上碰了一个大窟窿,鲜血直流,用了两把香灰,包上两块红布还止不住血。 When they, for a second, accidentally loosened their grip, Xianglin&rsquo;s wife rammed her head into the corner of the incense burner table. She struck a large hole into her head, and fresh blood was flowing. They put two handfuls of incense ash on the wound and wrapped it with two pieces of red cloth, but they still could not stop the blood flow. + + + + Page 21 + https://readchina.github.io/comics/biao/b-page-21/ + Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 + + https://readchina.github.io/comics/biao/b-page-21/ + +他终于在街市的尽头站住了。回头望望没有人追踪,心想:到底跑掉了! 现在我自由了! 他想起了表,用手一摸,哎呀! 表不在了,连袋子也没了。他灰心丧气,差一点哭出来。 Finally, he stopped at the end of the market. He turned around and saw that no one was following him, thinking: &ldquo;In the end I got away! Now I&rsquo;m free!&rdquo; He remembered the watch and felt for it. OH NO! The watch was gone, even his pocket had disappeared. He was so disheartened that he almost began to cry. + + + + Page 21 + https://readchina.github.io/comics/niqiu/b-page-21/ + Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 + + https://readchina.github.io/comics/niqiu/b-page-21/ + +一群孩子对付泥鳅一个人,在水里打起水仗来。烂泥从四面八方向他扔来,打得西瓜皮咚咚直响,泥鳅转着圈儿迎击。 It was a bunch of kids against Niqiu alone, starting a battle in the water. Mud was thrown at Niqiu from all directions, hitting the watermelon skin with a thud. Niqiu, spinning in circles, retaliated. + + + + Page 21 + https://readchina.github.io/comics/zhufu/b-page-21/ + Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 + + https://readchina.github.io/comics/zhufu/b-page-21/ + +直到他们七手八脚地将她和贺老六反关在新房里,她还是骂。 Even when they, with many other people lending hands, finally managed to lock her and He Laoliu up in the bridal chamber, she still kept on cursing. + + + + Page 22 + https://readchina.github.io/comics/biao/b-page-22/ + Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 + + https://readchina.github.io/comics/biao/b-page-22/ + +他循着原路回去找,可连表的影子也没看到。快到“米兰”茶馆时,他的眼睛突然一亮,马路上躺着装着表的袋子,他弯腰拾起袋子,哈! 表还在呢! He went back the same way, but he did not even see a shadow of his watch. When he had almost reached the &ldquo;Milan&rdquo; teahouse, his eyes suddenly brightened, as he saw the pocket with the watch in it. He bent down to pick it up. HA! The watch was still there! + + + + Page 22 + https://readchina.github.io/comics/niqiu/b-page-22/ + Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 + + https://readchina.github.io/comics/niqiu/b-page-22/ + +打了一阵,泥鳅使了个空城计,他悄悄地把头从瓜皮里退出来,一个猛子扎到大苇塘里,掏水鸟蛋去了,他的小伙伴们还向瓜皮上扔泥呢。 After fighting for a while, Niqiu made a feint. He carefully backed his head away from the watermelon, rapidly went into the big reed pond and went to dig for waterbird eggs. His comrades were still throwing mud at the watermelon skin. + + + + Page 22 + https://readchina.github.io/comics/zhufu/b-page-22/ + Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 + + https://readchina.github.io/comics/zhufu/b-page-22/ + +后来,祥林嫂到底拗不过,这才依顺了。贺老六有的是力气,会做活,房子是自家的,上头又没有婆婆,别人都说她交了好运。到年底,她就生了一个胖儿子,取名阿毛。 At last, Xianglin&rsquo;s wife was unable to resist any longer, and she obeyed. He Laoliu had strength, he could work, the house was his family&rsquo;s, and there was no mother-in-law over her head, so others said that she hit the jackpot. At the end of the year, she gave birth to a plump son named Ah Mao. + + + + Page 23 + https://readchina.github.io/comics/biao/b-page-23/ + Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 + + https://readchina.github.io/comics/biao/b-page-23/ + +这时警察从茶馆里出来了:“好!你毕竟等着,真是好样儿的!”他拿出一块甜饼递给彼蒂加。随后,他们继续向教养院走去。 Right at that moment, the policeman stepped out of the teahouse: &ldquo;Good! You&rsquo;ve waited after all. What a good boy!&rdquo; He took out a piece of sweet cake and handed it to Petka. After this, they continued their walk to the reformatory. + + + + Page 23 + https://readchina.github.io/comics/niqiu/b-page-23/ + Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 + + https://readchina.github.io/comics/niqiu/b-page-23/ + +忽然坑西边有人大声喊:“敌人来啦!”孩子们一听,赶忙上岸钻进了高粱地。 Suddenly, someone screamed from the west of the pond: &ldquo;The enemies are coming!&rdquo; As soon as the children heard that, they hurriedly went ashore and slipped into the sorghum field. + + + + Page 23 + https://readchina.github.io/comics/zhufu/b-page-23/ + Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 + + https://readchina.github.io/comics/zhufu/b-page-23/ + +不料过了三年,贺老六染上伤寒症,本来已经好了的,吃了一碗冷饭,复发了,年纪青青的丧了命。 Unexpectedly, after three years, He Laoliu caught typhoid fever. He had already recovered, but after eating a bowl of cold rice, he relapsed and died at a young age. + + + + Page 24 + https://readchina.github.io/comics/biao/b-page-24/ + Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 + + https://readchina.github.io/comics/biao/b-page-24/ + +不多时,他们来到教养院。教养院的房子全是绿顶白墙,窗户带着罩窗,还有个院子,右头围墙,一重大门。彼蒂加叹了一口气。他想,这监牢似的教养院,谁能从这儿逃走呢? Before long, they arrived at the reformatory. The building of the reformatory had a green roof and white walls. The windows had curtains and there was a yard. On the right side of the fence, there was a heavy gate. Petka sighed. He thought: &ldquo;This reformatory is like a prison, who can escape from here?&rdquo; + + + + Page 24 + https://readchina.github.io/comics/niqiu/b-page-24/ + Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 + + https://readchina.github.io/comics/niqiu/b-page-24/ + +泥鳅正在苇塘里掏水鸟蛋,离坑沿远,耳朵眼里又塞着秫秸芯,没有听见喊声。等他出了苇塘一看,哟!人都哪儿去了呢?水坑里只有那个西瓜皮还漂在水面上。 In the reed pond Niqiu was digging for water bird eggs, far away from the edge of the pond, and since his ears and eyes were filled with sorghum sticks, he did not hear the shout. When he got out of the reed and looked around, he thought: &ldquo;Oh! Where is everyone?&rdquo; Only the watermelon skin was still floating on the surface of the water. + + + + Page 24 + https://readchina.github.io/comics/zhufu/b-page-24/ + Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 + + https://readchina.github.io/comics/zhufu/b-page-24/ + +祥林嫂打柴,摘茶, 养蚕,苦苦的扶养着儿子阿毛。 Xianglin&rsquo;s wife gathered firewood, plucked tea, raised silkworms, struggling to raise her son Ah Mao. + + + + Page 25 + https://readchina.github.io/comics/biao/b-page-25/ + Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 + + https://readchina.github.io/comics/biao/b-page-25/ + +警察叫开门,他们走进二楼去见院长。警察向院长要了收据,看了彼蒂加一眼:“孩子好好地在这儿生活吧!再见!” The policeman called to open the door and they went to the second floor to see the director. The policeman requested for a receipt from the director and glanced at Petka: &ldquo;Child, live well here! Goodbye!&rdquo; + + + + Page 25 + https://readchina.github.io/comics/niqiu/b-page-25/ + Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 + + https://readchina.github.io/comics/niqiu/b-page-25/ + +他上了西岸,站直了身子,看了看自己的影子,影子还矮着哩。心想:“还不到下半晌,为什么都走了?” He got onto the west bank, stood up straight and looked at his shadow which was still short. He thought: &ldquo;It&rsquo;s not yet afternoon, why did they all leave?&rdquo; + + + + Page 25 + https://readchina.github.io/comics/zhufu/b-page-25/ + Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 + + https://readchina.github.io/comics/zhufu/b-page-25/ + +第二年春天,这一日,祥林嫂一清早起来就开了门,拿小篮盛了一篮豆,叫阿毛坐在门槛上剥豆子。 One day in the following spring, Xianglin&rsquo;s wife opened the door early in the morning, scooped a basketful of beans into a small basket, and called Ah Mao to sit at the threshold and shell beans. + + + + Page 26 + https://readchina.github.io/comics/biao/b-page-26/ + Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 + + https://readchina.github.io/comics/biao/b-page-26/ + +院长一边翻看着警察局的公文,一边对彼蒂加说:“哦,小偷?这干不得!你这小,再边几年就能成为一个有用的人了……现在我们首先得整理你的外表。” While the director looked through the police documents, he turned to Petka: &ldquo;Oh, a thief? This can&rsquo;t be! You&rsquo;re still young, in a few years, you can turn into a useful person&hellip; now, we first have to put your appearance in order.&rdquo; + + + + Page 26 + https://readchina.github.io/comics/niqiu/b-page-26/ + Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 + + https://readchina.github.io/comics/niqiu/b-page-26/ + +他抖掉头上的水,正在坑沿上四下张望,一个乡亲从西往东跑过来,向后指着对泥鳅说:“快跑!汉奸队又来啦!” He shook the water off his head and looked around the edge of the pond when a villager came running past from west to east, pointing backwards and saying to Niqiu: &ldquo;Run away! The traitors are returning!&rdquo; + + + + Page 26 + https://readchina.github.io/comics/zhufu/b-page-26/ + Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 + + https://readchina.github.io/comics/zhufu/b-page-26/ + +她自己就在屋后劈柴,淘米,米下了锅,要蒸豆了,她这才叫阿毛。 She herself was at the back of the house chopping firewood and rinsing rice. After putting the rice into the pot, it was time to steam the beans, and only then did she call Ah Mao. + + + + Page 27 + https://readchina.github.io/comics/biao/b-page-27/ + Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 + + https://readchina.github.io/comics/biao/b-page-27/ + +彼蒂加被带到卫生科。卫生员叫他把衣服脱光进浴盆洗澡,还要把他的破衣服烧掉,换一身新的。 Petka was taken to the infirmary. The health worker told him to take off all his clothes, to take a bath in the bathtub and to burn his worn-out clothes in exchange for a set of new ones. + + + + Page 27 + https://readchina.github.io/comics/niqiu/b-page-27/ + Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 + + https://readchina.github.io/comics/niqiu/b-page-27/ + +泥鳅听了,手一扳树杈,就上了坑沿那棵弯弯的老柳树,手打眼罩往西一看,十几个伪军,正顺着小路往这边走。 When Niqiu heard this, he grabbed a tree branch and pulled himself up onto the curved old willow tree at the pond. Using his hand as a visor, he looked westwards and saw a dozen or so puppet soldiers walking along a small path towards him. + + + + Page 27 + https://readchina.github.io/comics/zhufu/b-page-27/ + Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 + + https://readchina.github.io/comics/zhufu/b-page-27/ + +没有应,她出来一看,只见豆撒得一地,没有她的阿毛了。 When there was no response, she went outside to look. All that could be seen were beans scattered all over the ground. Her Ah Mao was gone. + + + + Page 28 + https://readchina.github.io/comics/biao/b-page-28/ + Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 + + https://readchina.github.io/comics/biao/b-page-28/ + +彼蒂加吃了一惊。他紧紧抓住裤子,怎么办呢?表……幸运的是卫生员暂时离开了浴室。他来不及多想,迅速地从口袋里掏出表,把它塞进嘴里。 Petka was shocked. He firmly held on to his trousers: &ldquo;What should I do? The watch&hellip;&rdquo; Fortunately, the health worker left the bathroom for a moment. He did not have much time to think, so he quickly took the watch out of his pocket and put it in his mouth. + + + + Page 28 + https://readchina.github.io/comics/niqiu/b-page-28/ + Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 + + https://readchina.github.io/comics/niqiu/b-page-28/ + +那个老乡叫他快走,泥鳅看了看瓜地,咬了咬嘴唇说:“大叔你走吧,我还要看瓜!”那个老乡说:“看瓜?这可不是闹着玩的!上回那些坏蛋来,吃了瓜还把张大爷打了一顿。” The villager told him to run away, but Niqiu looked at the melon patch, bit his lip and said: &ldquo;You go ahead, Uncle! I need to watch over the melons!&rdquo; The villager answered: &ldquo;Watch over the melons? This is not a joke! Last time those bastards came, they ate the melons and beat up Uncle Zhang.&rdquo; + + + + Page 28 + https://readchina.github.io/comics/zhufu/b-page-28/ + Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 + + https://readchina.github.io/comics/zhufu/b-page-28/ + +她各处去问,都没有,她急了,央人出去寻。 She asked around everywhere, but no one had seen him. She became worried, and begged people to go search for him. + + + + Page 29 + https://readchina.github.io/comics/biao/b-page-29/ + Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 + + https://readchina.github.io/comics/biao/b-page-29/ + 卫生员来了,他用钳子把彼蒂加的脏衣服夹了出来,然后又回来给他洗澡。彼蒂加已经五年没洗澡了,躺在浴盆里感到舒服极了。卫生员问他问这问那。彼蒂加因为嘴里含着表,一句话也说不出,只是点头或摇头。 The health worker came back. He carried Petka&rsquo;s clothes outside with pliers, then returned to give him a bath. Petka had not taken a bath in five years, so when he lay in the bathtub, it felt really comfortable. The health worker asked a stream of questions. But because Petka had the watch in his mouth, he could not say a word, he just nodded or shook his head. + + + + Page 29 + https://readchina.github.io/comics/niqiu/b-page-29/ + Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 + + https://readchina.github.io/comics/niqiu/b-page-29/ + 一提这件事,泥鳅气就来了,他愤愤地说:“我不能让他们白吃张大爷的瓜,是谁吃的,我都给他记上,有机会,都得叫他们还帐。” +When this was mentioned, Niqiu&rsquo;s anger rose again. He said angrily: &ldquo;I can&rsquo;t let them eat Uncle Zhang&rsquo;s melons for free. Whoever ate them, I&rsquo;ll put that on his bill, and I&rsquo;ll make them pay for it when I get the chance.&rdquo; + + + + Page 29 + https://readchina.github.io/comics/zhufu/b-page-29/ + Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 + + https://readchina.github.io/comics/zhufu/b-page-29/ + +直到下半天,寻来寻去寻到山墺里,看见刺柴上挂着一只阿毛的小鞋。大家都说:“糟了,怕是遭了狼了。” Until the afternoon, they searched all over and reached a mountain clearing, where they saw one of Ah Mao&rsquo;s little shoes hanging on a thorny branch. They all said: &ldquo;Oh no, it looks like a wolf got him.&rdquo; + + + + Page 30 + https://readchina.github.io/comics/biao/b-page-30/ + Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 + + https://readchina.github.io/comics/biao/b-page-30/ + +卫生员终于关上了他的话匣子。他放掉脏水,又放进干净的水,然后拿起报纸:“孩子,如果太冷或太热,你就说话。” The health worker finally turned off his chatterbox. He let the dirty water out, and filled it up with clean water, then he took the newspapers: &ldquo;Kid, if it&rsquo;s too cold or too hot, just tell me.&rdquo; + + + + Page 30 + https://readchina.github.io/comics/niqiu/b-page-30/ + Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 + + https://readchina.github.io/comics/niqiu/b-page-30/ + +那位老乡见劝不动他,只好走了。泥鳅抓住一条树枝一悠,“扑通”一声,就扎到水里,把西瓜皮又套到了头上,站在没脖儿深的水里。 The villager saw that Niqiu could not be persuaded, so he could only walk away. Niqiu grabbed a long tree branch, swung himself and - SPLASH - plunged into the water. He put the watermelon skin on his head again and stood in the water which did not reach his neck. + + + + Page 30 + https://readchina.github.io/comics/zhufu/b-page-30/ + Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 + + https://readchina.github.io/comics/zhufu/b-page-30/ + +再寻进去,阿毛果然躺在草窠里,肚里的五脏已经都给狼吃空了,手上还紧紧地捏着那只小篮。 Continuing the search, they indeed found Ah Mao lying in a grassy den, his guts already eaten away by the wolf. His hand was still tightly grasping the small basket. + + + + Page 31 + https://readchina.github.io/comics/biao/b-page-31/ + Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 + + https://readchina.github.io/comics/biao/b-page-31/ + +热水不断地从龙头里涌出,浴盆里渐渐地烫起来,彼蒂加焦急不安地折腾开了,却又说不出话来。最后,他实在熬不住了,一下子把表吐在浴盆里,大叫一声:“烫呀!”并像弹簧似的跳了出来。 The hot water gushed from the tap ceaselessly. The water in the bathtub got hotter and hotter. Petka tossed about uneasily but was unable to speak out. In the end, he could not take it anymore. All of a sudden, he spit the watch into the bathtub, and screamed: &ldquo;It&rsquo;s boiling!&rdquo; and jumped out like a metal spring. + + + + Page 31 + https://readchina.github.io/comics/niqiu/b-page-31/ + Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 + + https://readchina.github.io/comics/niqiu/b-page-31/ + +一会儿,便衣队特务和两个伪军来到西瓜地里,满地里找西瓜,也没找到一个熟的,他们气的把瓜秧全给拔了,生西瓜蛋踢得满地乱滚。 After a while, a plain clothes spy and two puppet soldiers came to the watermelon patch and searched the whole ground for melons but could not find a single ripe one. They became so angry that they pulled up all the melon seedlings and kicked the unripe melons all over the place. + + + + Page 31 + https://readchina.github.io/comics/zhufu/b-page-31/ + Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 + + https://readchina.github.io/comics/zhufu/b-page-31/ + +现在,祥林嫂只剩了一个光身了。 Now, Xianglin&rsquo;s wife was left with nothing but her lone self. + + + + Page 32 + https://readchina.github.io/comics/biao/b-page-32/ + Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 + + https://readchina.github.io/comics/biao/b-page-32/ + +卫生员又放了许多冷水在浴盆里,彼蒂加又重新跳了进去。他急忙在盆底摸表,终于碰到了光滑的圆东西,他惊喜地又把它塞进嘴里。不知为什么,浴盆里的水在逐渐减少。 The health worker then poured cold water into the bathtub, so Petka jumped in again. He anxiously felt for the watch at the bottom of the bathtub and finally got hold of a smooth round thing. He eagerly put it into his mouth again. He did not know why, but the water in the bathtub became less and less. + + + + Page 32 + https://readchina.github.io/comics/niqiu/b-page-32/ + Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 + + https://readchina.github.io/comics/niqiu/b-page-32/ + +糟踏了一阵,他们站在坑沿上,用高粱叶子作扇子,扇着体息,口渴得直舐嘴唇。 After trampling for a while, they stood on the edge of the pond and used sorghum leaves as fans. Fanning, they rested and licked their lips with thirst. + + + + Page 32 + https://readchina.github.io/comics/zhufu/b-page-32/ + Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 + + https://readchina.github.io/comics/zhufu/b-page-32/ + +到秋天,贺老六的哥哥竟来收屋,把她赶了出来。 When autumn came, He Laoliu&rsquo;s older brother took over the house and threw her. + + + + Page 33 + https://readchina.github.io/comics/biao/b-page-33/ + Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 + + https://readchina.github.io/comics/biao/b-page-33/ + +洗完澡,卫生员给他一套新衣服。他第一次穿这么漂亮的衣服,乐得咧着嘴笑了。卫生员诧导地看着他嘴里发亮的东西:“这是什么?” When he was done bathing, the health worker gave him a set of new clothes. It was the first time for him to wear such pretty clothes, so he grinned with his mouth wide open. The health worker was surprised to see something shiny in his mouth: &ldquo;What is this?&rdquo; + + + + Page 33 + https://readchina.github.io/comics/niqiu/b-page-33/ + Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 + + https://readchina.github.io/comics/niqiu/b-page-33/ + +那个高个子的伪军忽然向坑里指着说:“大西瓜!”小个儿马上说:“是我先看见的!”两个伪军争着要脱衣服下水去捞。 Suddenly, the tall puppet soldier pointed at the pond and said: &ldquo;Look at the huge watermelon!&rdquo; The short one immediately replied: &ldquo;I saw it first!&rdquo; The two puppet soldiers vied to undress in order to get into the water and fish it out. + + + + Page 33 + https://readchina.github.io/comics/zhufu/b-page-33/ + Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 + + https://readchina.github.io/comics/zhufu/b-page-33/ + +祥林嫂走投无路,只好拎了一只荸荠式的圆篮,一个小铺盖,又到鲁镇来找卫老婆子。 Xianglin&rsquo;s wife had nowhere to go, carrying around a basket shaped like a water chestnut and a small bedroll, she came again to Luzhen looking for Old Wei. + + + + Page 34 + https://readchina.github.io/comics/biao/b-page-34/ + Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 + + https://readchina.github.io/comics/biao/b-page-34/ + +彼蒂加赶紧闭上嘴,卫生员哪肯放过。最后,彼蒂加只得把它吐出来。天啊!这不是浴盆的铜塞子吗?卫生员惊奇地问:“告诉我,为什么把它放进嘴里?”彼蒂加只好撤谎:“我饿!” Petka hastily closed his mouth, but the health worker would not let go. In the end, Petka had to spit it out. Good heavens! Was this not the copper plug of the bathtub? The health worker was surprised: &ldquo;Tell me, why did you put that into your mouth?&rdquo; Petka had to lie: &ldquo;I&rsquo;m hungry!&rdquo; + + + + Page 34 + https://readchina.github.io/comics/niqiu/b-page-34/ + Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 + + https://readchina.github.io/comics/niqiu/b-page-34/ + +那个便衣特务呲着满嘴金牙得意地说:“你们俩谁也别抢,是我先看见的。”说着,就抢先穿着肥大的灯笼裤下了水。 The spy bared his mouth full of gold teeth and said complacently: &ldquo;Neither of you snatch it, I saw it first.&rdquo; As he was speaking, he rushed into the water in his loosely fitting knickerbockers. + + + + Page 34 + https://readchina.github.io/comics/zhufu/b-page-34/ + Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 + + https://readchina.github.io/comics/zhufu/b-page-34/ + +卫老婆子又将她带来鲁四老爷家里来了。四太太踌踌了一会,便叫祥林嫂拿圆篮和铺盖到下房去。四老爷照例皱皱眉,但鉴于向来雇用女工之难,也就并不大反对。 Old Wei brought her to Mr. Lu&rsquo;s house again. His wife hesitated for a while, but eventually told Xianglin&rsquo;s wife to bring her basket and bedroll to the servant&rsquo;s room. Mr. Lu frowned as usual, but in view of the difficulty of employing female workers, he did not oppose. + + + + Page 35 + https://readchina.github.io/comics/biao/b-page-35/ + Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 + + https://readchina.github.io/comics/biao/b-page-35/ + +表哪去了?彼蒂加偷偷朝浴盆张望。浴盆里水已流净,只有一块浴巾。卫生员把铜塞子扔回浴盆,去拿浴巾。彼蒂加心想:这可惜了!表一定在浴巾下面。他灵机一动,突然大叫起来:“啊唷!肚子痛!” Where did the watch go? Petka secretly peeped towards the bathtub. The water in the bathtub had already drained away, there was only a washcloth left. The health worker threw the plug back into the bathtub and was about to take the washcloth. Petka thought: &ldquo;Too bad! The watch must be under the towel.&rdquo; He had a sudden idea and screamed: &ldquo;Ouch! My stomach is aching!&rdquo; + + + + Page 35 + https://readchina.github.io/comics/niqiu/b-page-35/ + Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 + + https://readchina.github.io/comics/niqiu/b-page-35/ + +岸上两个伪军气得撅着嘴说:“这坑水可深,小心淹死你。”便衣特务得意地说:“老子淹不死。这是种瓜的老头特意为我留的,要不是上次教训了他一顿,今天他能给我留吗?” Pouting with anger, the two puppet soldiers on the bank said: &ldquo;That pond is really deep, be careful not to drown.&rdquo; The spy said proudly: &ldquo;I won&rsquo;t drown. The old man who grows melons reserved this one especially for me. If I hadn&rsquo;t taught him a lesson last time, would he have saved one for me today?&rdquo; + + + + Page 35 + https://readchina.github.io/comics/zhufu/b-page-35/ + Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 + + https://readchina.github.io/comics/zhufu/b-page-35/ + +四老爷只是暗暗告诫四太太说,祥林嫂这种人虽然似乎很可怜,但是败坏风俗,用她帮忙还可以,祭祀时候可用不着她沾手,否则,不干不净,祖宗不是吃的。 Mr. Lu cautioned his wife in private, that although someone like Xianglin&rsquo;s wife seems pitiful, she exerts a bad moral influence. It is okay to use her help, but she should not lend a hand during the sacrifices. Otherwise, the ancestors would not eat on because of her taints. + + + + Page 36 + https://readchina.github.io/comics/biao/b-page-36/ + Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 + + https://readchina.github.io/comics/biao/b-page-36/ + +卫生员慌了,急忙奔出门去取药。彼蒂加扑到浴巾上,一点不错,表就躺在浴巾下面。他急忙把它抓在手里,把水擦干,欣赏着。手心里的表活像是太阳在放光。 The health worker panicked and hurried out the door to get some medicine. Petka launched towards the cloth. And indeed!, the watch was really under the cloth. He grabbed it really fast, wiped it dry, and admired it. The watch in his hands was shining like the sun. + + + + Page 36 + https://readchina.github.io/comics/niqiu/b-page-36/ + Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 + + https://readchina.github.io/comics/niqiu/b-page-36/ + +泥鳅见便衣特务朝自己走来,水圈一环环地从他脖子上涌过,他看到特务那个不会水的样子,想起了“千斤牛入水,斗不过大鲤鱼”,就壮起了胆。 Niqiu saw the spy coming towards him, ripples on the water around his neck. Upon realizing that the spy could not swim well, he recalled the saying: &ldquo;When thousand pounds of cattle enter the water, they cannot defeat a carp&rdquo;, and mustered up his courage. + + + + Page 36 + https://readchina.github.io/comics/zhufu/b-page-36/ + Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 + + https://readchina.github.io/comics/zhufu/b-page-36/ + +鲁四老爷家里最重大的事件是祭祀,祥林嫂先前最忙的时候也就是祭祀,这回她却清闲了。桌子放在堂中央,她去分配酒杯和筷子。四太太慌忙地说:“祥林嫂, 你放着罢!我来摆。” Sacrificing to the ancestors was the biggest event for the family of Mr. Lu. Previously, the sacrifices were also the busiest time for Xianglin&rsquo;s wife. This time, however, she had nothing to do. The table was set in the centre of the hall, and she went to distribute glasses and chopsticks. Mrs. Lu rushed to say: &ldquo;Xianglin&rsquo;s wife, leave it there! I&rsquo;ll do it.&rdquo; + + + + Page 37 + https://readchina.github.io/comics/biao/b-page-37/ + Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 + + https://readchina.github.io/comics/biao/b-page-37/ + +彼蒂加急忙把表装进崭新的裤袋里。这时,卫生员拿来一瓶阿摩尼亚水,他嗅了嗅,打了几个喷嚏,就装作病好了。经过梳洗打扮,他变成一个漂亮的小伙子了。 Petka hastily put the watch into the pocket of his brand-new pants. Right then, the health worker brought a bottle of ammonia solution. Petka sniffed it, sneezed a few times, and then pretended to be cured. Now that he had freshened up, he turned into a pretty young lad. + + + + Page 37 + https://readchina.github.io/comics/niqiu/b-page-37/ + Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 + + https://readchina.github.io/comics/niqiu/b-page-37/ + +特务晃晃悠悠地蹚着水向西瓜走来,高兴得鼻子眼睛全挤在一块了。眼看就快要够到手了,突然“妈呀!”一声不见了。 The spy wiggled and waded towards the watermelon and squeezed his nose and eyes in happiness. As he was reaching for the melon, a sudden &ldquo;Oh my!&rdquo; was followed by an abrupt silence. + + + + Page 37 + https://readchina.github.io/comics/zhufu/b-page-37/ + Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 + + https://readchina.github.io/comics/zhufu/b-page-37/ + +她只好缩了手,又去取烛台,四太太慌忙地说:“祥林嫂,你放着罢!我来拿。” She was forced to withdraw her hand and went to pick up a candlestick. Mrs. Lu said in a panic: &ldquo;Xianglin&rsquo;s wife, leave it there! I&rsquo;ll get it.&rdquo; + + + + Page 38 + https://readchina.github.io/comics/biao/b-page-38/ + Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 + + https://readchina.github.io/comics/biao/b-page-38/ + +彼蒂加来到食堂,饭菜又热又香。他贪婪地吃着,连盘子都舔光了。独眼龙毕塔珂夫逗弄起他来了:“大饭桶,比大象吃得还多!”彼蒂加生气了,把匙子掷过去,正敲在独眼龙的脑门上。 When Petka arrived at the canteen, the food was hot and smelled good. He ate greedily, even licking the plate clean. The one-eyed Pyatakov began to tease him: &ldquo;You greedy pig! You eat more than an elephant!&rdquo; Petka became angry and threw his spoon right at One Eye&rsquo;s forehead. + + + + Page 38 + https://readchina.github.io/comics/niqiu/b-page-38/ + Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 + + https://readchina.github.io/comics/niqiu/b-page-38/ + +两个伪军以为这小子故意装的,高个子伪军说:“别得了便宜卖乘,没人跟你抢!”小个子伪军看着冒出水面的水泡说:“上来吧,别在那吐泡了!” The two puppet soldiers thought he was just pretending, so the tall one said: &ldquo;Stop acting, no one's going to fight you for it!&rdquo; Watching the bubbles rise up to the surface, the short one said: &ldquo;Come on up, stop blowing bubbles there!&rdquo; + + + + Page 38 + https://readchina.github.io/comics/zhufu/b-page-38/ + Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 + + https://readchina.github.io/comics/zhufu/b-page-38/ + +她转了几个圆圈,终于没有事情做,只得疑惑的走开。她在这一天可做的事只不过坐在灶下烧火。 After making a few rounds around the house, finally, there was nothing left for her to do but to walk away in confusion. All she could do on this day was to sit by the stove and tend to the fire. + + + + Page 39 + https://readchina.github.io/comics/biao/b-page-39/ + Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 + + https://readchina.github.io/comics/biao/b-page-39/ + +出了乱子了,院长赶来了。他用严厉的目光看着彼蒂加:“站到门口去,直到大家吃完午饭为止!”孩子们吃完午饭,三三两两从彼蒂加面前跑过去,有的向他伸舌头,有的向他扮鬼脸。 Upon the commotion, the director rushed in. He gave Petka a stern look: &ldquo;Stand in the doorway until everybody has finished their lunch!&rdquo; After the children had finished their lunch, they ran past Petka in groups of twos and threes, some of them sticking out their tongues, some of them making faces at him. + + + + Page 39 + https://readchina.github.io/comics/niqiu/b-page-39/ + Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 + + https://readchina.github.io/comics/niqiu/b-page-39/ + 半袋烟的功夫过去了,特务也没露面。这时两个伪军才觉察到出了事。高个子让小个子先下去看看,小个子说:“瓜是你先看见的,应该你先下去。”他俩谁也不敢下去,只在岸上乱叫。 They smoked half a pack of cigarettes, yet the spy did not reappear. Only now, the two soldiers realized that something was wrong. The tall one ordered the small one to go down first and take a look, but the small one said: &ldquo;You saw the melon first, so you should be the one to go down there first.&rdquo; Neither of them dared to go down, they just stood at the bank and shouted. + + + + Page 39 + https://readchina.github.io/comics/zhufu/b-page-39/ + Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 + + https://readchina.github.io/comics/zhufu/b-page-39/ + +镇上的人们仍然叫她祥林嫂,但音调和先前很不同;也还和她讲话,但笑容却冷冷的了。她全不理会那些事,只是直着眼睛,和大家讲她的儿子遭狼的故事,讲完就淌下眼泪来,声音也呜咽了。 Townspeople still called her Xianglin&rsquo;s wife, but the tone was very different from before. They still talked with her, but their smiles had turned cold. She ignored those things, and with straight eyes she told everyone the story of how her son had been attacked by a wolf. When she finished her tale, she shed tears and her voice choked with sobs. + + + + Page 40 + https://readchina.github.io/comics/biao/b-page-40/ + Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 + + https://readchina.github.io/comics/biao/b-page-40/ + +傍晚,彼蒂加担心把表带在身上会出乱子,于是来到院子里,在墙根挖了个小坑。他把表包好,埋在小坑里,还插上一根小树枝,免得记错了地方。 At dusk, Petka worried that keeping the watch on him might cause trouble, so he went to the yard and dug a small hole at the foot of a wall. He wrapped up the watch, buried it and stuck a small twiglet on it in order not to remember the wrong spot. + + + + Page 40 + https://readchina.github.io/comics/niqiu/b-page-40/ + Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 + + https://readchina.github.io/comics/niqiu/b-page-40/ + +再说泥鳅把那个特务拖下水去灌饱之后,就拉着他的腿绕过菱角坑,荷花塘,一口气把他拖到了大苇塘里。 After Niqiu dragged the spy down into the water to fill him up, he pulled him by the legs around the water chestnut pond, the lotus pond, and the big reed pond in one go. + + + + Page 40 + https://readchina.github.io/comics/zhufu/b-page-40/ + Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 + + https://readchina.github.io/comics/zhufu/b-page-40/ + 这故事倒颇有效,男人听了,往往收起笑容,没趣的走开了;女人们却像宽恕了她似的,脸上立刻改换了鄙薄的神气,还要陪出许多眼泪来。 This story worked quite effectively. The men would stop smiling and walk away uninterestedly after they heard it. The women would seem to forgive her, immediately changing the contemptuous looks on their faces, and shedding tears along with her. + + + + Page 41 + https://readchina.github.io/comics/biao/b-page-41/ + Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 + + https://readchina.github.io/comics/biao/b-page-41/ + +当天空布满星星的时候,就寝钟响了。彼蒂加倒在床上直睡到天亮。“起来!快起来!”院长摇着他的肩膀,“警察局长要你去一趟。”彼蒂加慌神啦,脚怎么也伸不进裤脚里去。 When the sky was full of stars, the bell rang. Petka fell into bed and slept till dawn. &ldquo;Get up! Get up!&rdquo; The director shook his shoulder. &ldquo;The chief wants you to come.&rdquo; Petka panicked and could not get his feet into his trousers no matter how hard he tried. + + + + Page 41 + https://readchina.github.io/comics/niqiu/b-page-41/ + Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 + + https://readchina.github.io/comics/niqiu/b-page-41/ + 特务躺在苇塘中间的一个小土岗上,肚子鼓的活象个大气蛤蟆。泥鳅气喘吁吁地蹲在一边,一时不知该怎么办好。他想把这家伙再推下水去,又一想,留着他,抗日政府可能能从他身上了解点敌人的情况。 The spy laid on a small hill in the middle of the reed pond. His big belly resembled a huge toad. Breathing heavily, Niqiu sat next to him. All of a sudden, he did not know what to do. He wanted to drag the guy back into the water, but thought it over. He could leave him so that the anti-Japanese government might learn something about the situation of the enemy from him. + + + + Page 41 + https://readchina.github.io/comics/zhufu/b-page-41/ + Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 + + https://readchina.github.io/comics/zhufu/b-page-41/ + +她就只是反复的向人说她悲惨的故事,倘一看见两三岁的小孩子,她就想引出她的阿毛的故事来,说:“唉唉!我们的阿毛如果还在,也就有这么大了。……” She just kept telling people again and again about her tragedy. Whenever she saw a two- or three-year-old child, she would bring up the story about her Ah-mao, and say, &ldquo;Ah ah! If our Ah-mao were still alive, he would be around that age…&rdquo; + + + + Page 42 + https://readchina.github.io/comics/biao/b-page-42/ + Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 + + https://readchina.github.io/comics/biao/b-page-42/ + 彼蒂加被带到警察局长办公室。他看见局长身旁站着一个红鼻子老汉。彼蒂加想,这一定是那个醉汉了。“凭良心回答,你偷了库兑耶尔的表吗?”局长问。“我敢赌咒,我从来没有见过表……”彼蒂加坦然地回答。 Petka was taken to the chief&rsquo;s office. He saw an old, red-nosed man standing next to the chief. Petka thought this was for sure the drunkard. &ldquo;Answer honestly, did you steal Kudeyar&rsquo;s watch?&rsquo;&rsquo; the chief asked. &ldquo;I swear, I've never seen that watch&hellip;&rsquo;&rsquo;, Petka answered calmly. s + + + + Page 42 + https://readchina.github.io/comics/niqiu/b-page-42/ + Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 + + https://readchina.github.io/comics/niqiu/b-page-42/ + +于是,泥鳅找了一块破碗碴儿,把特务的牙给撬了个缝,一股黑水从牙缝里淌出来。 Then, Niqiu found a small piece of a broken bowl. With the help of this shard, wedged between the teeth of the spy, Niqiu pried open the spy&rsquo;s mouth, and black water flowed out. + + + + Page 42 + https://readchina.github.io/comics/zhufu/b-page-42/ + Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 + + https://readchina.github.io/comics/zhufu/b-page-42/ + +但不久,全镇的人们几乎都能背诵她的话,一听到就烦厌得头痛,立即打断她的话,走开去了,让她张着口怔怔地站着。 But before long, almost everyone in town could recite her words. As soon as they heard it, they instantly turned very annoyed, interrupted her at once, walked away, and left her standing in a daze with her mouth hanging open. + + + + Page 43 + https://readchina.github.io/comics/biao/b-page-43/ + Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 + + https://readchina.github.io/comics/biao/b-page-43/ + +局长命令警察将彼蒂加从头到脚搜一遍。彼蒂加一点也不害怕,心里非常好笑。后来局长和库兑耶尔一齐动手,结果什么也没有搜到。 The chief ordered a policeman to search Petka from head to toe. Petka, silently finding it hilarious, was not afraid at all. Later, both the chief and Kudeyar joined in, but in the end, they could not find anything. + + + + Page 43 + https://readchina.github.io/comics/niqiu/b-page-43/ + Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 + + https://readchina.github.io/comics/niqiu/b-page-43/ + +过了一会儿,特务缓过气来了,肚子一鼓一鼓的。泥鳅一看,好像觉得特务变长了,心想:“这么大个家伙,我怎么弄得过他呢?” After a while, the spy was relieved and his stomach bulged. Niqiu had a look, and it seemed that the spy had grown bigger. Niqiu thought: &ldquo;What a big guy, how did I manage to overwhelm him?&rdquo; + + + + Page 43 + https://readchina.github.io/comics/zhufu/b-page-43/ + Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 + + https://readchina.github.io/comics/zhufu/b-page-43/ + +从此她死尸似的脸上就整日没有笑影,主人们觉得她手脚也没有先前那样灵活,口气上更有些不满了。 From then on, the smile had disappeared from her corpse-like face. Her employers found her work not as efficient as before, therefore their tone towards her became more dissatisfied. + + + + Page 44 + https://readchina.github.io/comics/biao/b-page-44/ + Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 + + https://readchina.github.io/comics/biao/b-page-44/ + +“他根本就没有表。他诬赖好人!”彼蒂加对局长说。局长教训了库兑耶尔一顿。库兑耶尔放声大哭。局长命令警察把彼蒂加送回教养院。 &ldquo;He doesn&rsquo;t even own a watch, he&rsquo;s accusing innocent people!&rdquo; Petka said to the chief. The chief read Kudeyar the riot act. Kudeyar began to cry loudly. The chief ordered the policeman to take Petka back to the reformatory. + + + + Page 44 + https://readchina.github.io/comics/niqiu/b-page-44/ + Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 + + https://readchina.github.io/comics/niqiu/b-page-44/ + +泥鳅小眼睛一眨,想了个主意。他扯了一把青苇子在地上踩了,拧成了一条绳子,趁特务还没清醒过来,把他的两手捆了个结结实实。 Niqiu blinked with his small eyes and had an idea. He pulled a handful of green reeds, stepped them on the ground, twisting them into a rope. While the spy was still unconscious, he tied his hands together tightly. + + + + Page 44 + https://readchina.github.io/comics/zhufu/b-page-44/ + Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 + + https://readchina.github.io/comics/zhufu/b-page-44/ + 转眼又到了年底,腊月二十以后,鲁四老爷家里又要忙着过新年了,这回另叫柳妈做帮手。柳妈是善女人,吃素,不肯杀鸡宰鹅,只管洗器皿。祥林嫂除烧火之外,没有别的事,闲坐着看柳妈洗器皿。 In the blink of an eye, it was the end of another year. After the 20th day of the twelfth lunar month, the Lu household was busy with the New Year&rsquo;s celebration again. This time, they found an extra help, Auntie Liu. Auntie Liu was a Buddhist vegetarian woman who refused to kill chickens and geese, but merely washed the vessels. Xianglin&rsquo;s wife had nothing to do except tend the fire, so she sat idly watching Auntie Liu wash the vessels. + + + + Page 45 + https://readchina.github.io/comics/biao/b-page-45/ + Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 + + https://readchina.github.io/comics/biao/b-page-45/ + +警察对彼蒂加说:“你一个人回去吧,我对你的诚实深信不疑。”彼蒂加真的一个人向教养院走去。现在他是不肯逃走的了,因为他心爱的表还埋在教养院的院子里呢! The policeman said to Petka: &ldquo;Go back by yourself, you are an honest boy.&rsquo;&rsquo; And Petka indeed started to walk back to the reformatory. He did not want to run away now because his beloved watch was still buried in the yard of the reformatory! + + + + Page 45 + https://readchina.github.io/comics/niqiu/b-page-45/ + Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 + + https://readchina.github.io/comics/niqiu/b-page-45/ + +特务醒过来了,他在地上直打滚。泥鳅命令他:“不准动!”特务一见是个孩子,就假装求饶说:“老弟,放开我吧!” The spy woke up and rolled back and forth on the ground. Niqiu commanded: &ldquo;Freeze!&rdquo; When the spy realized that Niqiu was just a child, he pretended to ask for forgiveness and said, &ldquo;Little one, set me free!&rdquo; + + + + Page 45 + https://readchina.github.io/comics/zhufu/b-page-45/ + Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 + + https://readchina.github.io/comics/zhufu/b-page-45/ + +柳妈看着祥林嫂说:“你和你第二个男人过活不到两年,倒落了一件罪名。你将来到阴司去,那两个死鬼的男人还要争,你给谁好呢?阎罗大王只好把你锯开来,分给他们。” Auntie Liu looked at Xianglin&rsquo;s wife and said: &ldquo;You and your second husband were together for less than two years, yet you are guilty of a great sin. When you arrive in the nether world, the ghosts of those two husbands will fight, whom will you be given to? The great king Yama will have to saw you apart and divide you between them.&rdquo; + + + + Page 46 + https://readchina.github.io/comics/biao/b-page-46/ + Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 + + https://readchina.github.io/comics/biao/b-page-46/ + +忽然,库兑耶尔从后面追了上来,扑倒在他的脚上:“求求你,还我表吧!我的女人在生病,孩子在挨饿。看上帝面上,还给我!” Suddenly, Kudeyar caught up with him and threw himself at his feet: &ldquo;I beg you, give me back my watch! My wife is sick, the children are starving. In the name of God, give it back to me!&rdquo; + + + + Page 46 + https://readchina.github.io/comics/niqiu/b-page-46/ + Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 + + https://readchina.github.io/comics/niqiu/b-page-46/ + +泥鳅气愤地指着他说:“谁叫你当汉奸欺侮中国人哪?谁叫你抢了张大爷的瓜?”特务赶忙说:“吃瓜我给钱,快给我解开,我好给你掏钱。” Niqiu pointed at him furiously and said, &ldquo;Who told you to become a traitor and bully the Chinese people? Who told you to rob Uncle Zhang's melons?&rdquo; The spy answered in a rush: &ldquo;I'll pay for the melon, untie me quickly, so that I can pay you.&rdquo; + + + + Page 46 + https://readchina.github.io/comics/zhufu/b-page-46/ + Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 + + https://readchina.github.io/comics/zhufu/b-page-46/ + 她听了柳妈的话,脸上就显出恐怖的神色来。柳吗接着说:“我想,你不如及早抵当。你到土地庙里。去捐一条门槛,当作你的替身,给千人踏,万人跨,赎了这一世的罪名,免得死了去受苦。” When she heard Auntie Liu&rsquo;s words, a look of horror appeared on her face. Auntie Liu continued: &ldquo;I think, it would be better if you go to compensate for it as soon as possible. Go to the Temple of the Village God. Donate a threshold, make it as your substitute, let thousands of people step on it, let tens of thousands of people cross over it in order to atone for your sins in life, so that you will not have to suffer in death. + + + + Page 47 + https://readchina.github.io/comics/biao/b-page-47/ + Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 + + https://readchina.github.io/comics/biao/b-page-47/ + +彼蒂加毫不理会,继续往前走。库兑耶尔从后面追上来嚷着:“我控告你!我给你吃官司!”“告去就是了,谁也不会相信你这个老酒鬼!”彼蒂加觉得很开心,只管自己的路。 Petka did not pay him any attention and continued to walk ahead. Kudeyar caught up with him, yelling: &ldquo;I will sue you! I will file a lawsuit!&rsquo;&rsquo; - &ldquo;Go ahead and sue me, no one will believe an old drunkard like you.&rsquo;&rsquo; Petka felt very happy and went his way. + + + + Page 47 + https://readchina.github.io/comics/niqiu/b-page-47/ + Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 + + https://readchina.github.io/comics/niqiu/b-page-47/ + +泥鳅笑呵呵地说:“等我把你送到抗日政府,咱俩到那再算账。”特务看软的不行,便用硬的威胁,可是毛泽东思想哺育成长起来的儿童不听这一套,威胁利诱对他们行不通。 Niqiu laughed: &ldquo;Just wait until I have sent you to the anti-Japanese government, we will settle our accounts there.&rdquo; When the spy saw that soft words would not work, he used hard threats, but children raised by Mao Zedong's Thought do not listen to such kinds of threats, and temptations have no effect on them. + + + + Page 47 + https://readchina.github.io/comics/zhufu/b-page-47/ + Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 + + https://readchina.github.io/comics/zhufu/b-page-47/ + 头天晚上,祥林嫂想着柳妈的话,越想越怕,到天亮才蒙胧睡去,又做了一个恶梦。第二天,早饭之后,她便到镇西头的土地庙里去求捐门槛。庙祝起初不允许,直到她急得流泪,才勉强答应了。价目是大钱十二千。 That evening, Xianglin&rsquo;s wife thought about Auntie Liu&rsquo;s words, the more she thought about it the more afraid she became. Only at dawn did she fall into a hazy sleep, and even then she had a nightmare. The next day, after breakfast, she went to the Temple of the Village God at the west end of town to ask to donate a threshold. At first, the temple attendant did not give his permission, only when she shed tears out of fear did he grudgingly agree. + + + + Page 48 + https://readchina.github.io/comics/biao/b-page-48/ + Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 + + https://readchina.github.io/comics/biao/b-page-48/ + +彼蒂加打算先把表挖出来,然后翻墙逃走。可是当他一走进教养院,却看见院子里停放着许多辆运木材的大马车。孩子们在院长的指挥下,正从马车上往下搬运木材。不一会儿,木材就堆满了院子。 Petka came up with a plan. He would first dig out the watch, and then climb over the wall and run away. However, when he arrived at the reformatory, he saw that numerous horse carriages loaded with timber were parked in the courtyard. Under the command of the director, the children unloaded the logs from the carriages. Before long, the courtyard was all filled with timber. + + + + Page 48 + https://readchina.github.io/comics/niqiu/b-page-48/ + Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 + + https://readchina.github.io/comics/niqiu/b-page-48/ + +正在这时,突然“砰! 砰!”两声枪响,子弹飞过苇塘的上空。泥鳅赶紧趴在地上,这枪子是那两个伪军放的,他们为了壮壮胆,朝天放了两枪就走了。 At that moment &ndash; BANG, BANG! &ndash; suddenly two shots rang out, and the bullets flew over the reed pond. Niqiu hurriedly got down on the ground. The two puppet soldiers had fired the shots. In order to strengthen their courage, they had fired the two shots towards the sky and fled. + + + + Page 48 + https://readchina.github.io/comics/zhufu/b-page-48/ + Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 + + https://readchina.github.io/comics/zhufu/b-page-48/ + +从此,她整日紧闭了,默默的跑街,扫地,洗菜,淘米。快够一年,她才从四太太手里支取了历来积存的工钱,换算了十二元鹰洋,又请假镇西头去。 From then on, she became entirely closed off, silently walking the streets, sweeping the floor, washing vegetables and rinsing rice. It was almost a year later when she asked Mrs. Lu for her accumulated wages, adding up to 12 yuan and again took leave to go to the west end of the town. + + + + Page 49 + https://readchina.github.io/comics/biao/b-page-49/ + Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 + + https://readchina.github.io/comics/biao/b-page-49/ + +他来到埋表的地方,那上面高高地堆放着木材。“我的表……”他伤心地哭了起来。 He arrived at the spot where he had buried the watch. Timber was piled high on top of it. &ldquo;My watch&hellip;&rdquo; Broken-hearted, he started to cry. + + + + Page 49 + https://readchina.github.io/comics/niqiu/b-page-49/ + Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 + + https://readchina.github.io/comics/niqiu/b-page-49/ + +忽然,泥鳅听见特务在一块石头上磨绳子,走近一看,苇绳快被特务挣断了。 Suddenly, Niqiu heard the spy grinding the rope on a rock, and when he came closer, he saw that the rope was about to be torn apart. + + + + Page 49 + https://readchina.github.io/comics/zhufu/b-page-49/ + Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 + + https://readchina.github.io/comics/zhufu/b-page-49/ + +回来的时候,她神气舒畅,眼光也分外有神,高兴似的对四太太说,她已经在土地庙捐了门槛了。 When she came home, her spirit was entirely free from worry, and her eyes were exceptionally bright, looking happy she told Mrs. Lu that she had already been at the Temple of the Village God and donated a threshold. + + + + Page 50 + https://readchina.github.io/comics/biao/b-page-50/ + Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 + + https://readchina.github.io/comics/biao/b-page-50/ + +这天夜里,他被火车的汽笛声惊醒:“唉唉,车站该是多么有趣!掏空那些有钱人的腰包多开心……”他打定主意,今晚把表弄到手后就逃走。 At night, the sound of a train whistle woke him up. &ldquo;Oh, how much fun it would be to be at the station and empty out the pockets of all those rich people&hellip;&rdquo; He made up his mind: Tonight, he would get the watch into his hands and just run away. + + + + Page 50 + https://readchina.github.io/comics/niqiu/b-page-50/ + Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 + + https://readchina.github.io/comics/niqiu/b-page-50/ + +泥鳅猛地骑在特务身上,一边用拳头打,一边狠狠地骂着。特务死命挣扎,两个人就在坑沿边滚了起来。 Niqiu violently got on top of the spy, punching him with his fists as he cursed him viciously. The spy struggled for his dear life as the two rolled around on the edge of the pond. + + + + Page 50 + https://readchina.github.io/comics/zhufu/b-page-50/ + Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 + + https://readchina.github.io/comics/zhufu/b-page-50/ + +可是到冬至的祭祖时节,祥林嫂看四太太装好祭品,便坦然去拿酒杯和筷子。不料四太太照旧慌忙地大声说:“你放着罢,祥林嫂!” When it came to the winter solstice and the sacrifices to the ancestors, Xianglin&rsquo;s wife saw Mrs. Lu preparing the sacrificial offerings and went to get the wine cups and chopsticks. But to her surprise, Mrs. Lu, as before, rushed to say: &ldquo;Leave it there, Xianglin&rsquo;s wife!&rdquo; + + + + Page 51 + https://readchina.github.io/comics/biao/b-page-51/ + Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 + + https://readchina.github.io/comics/biao/b-page-51/ + +他打开窗户,从排水管滑下来溜到院子里,来到埋表的地方。他使劲地搬开木材,一根,两根,三根……才搬了二三十根,他就上气不接下气了。 He opened the window, glided down the drainpipe, landed in the courtyard, and went to the place where his watch was buried. With all his strength he dragged away the logs. One log, two logs, three logs... when he had dragged away only twenty or thirty logs, he was gasping for air already. + + + + Page 51 + https://readchina.github.io/comics/niqiu/b-page-51/ + Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 + + https://readchina.github.io/comics/niqiu/b-page-51/ + +特务打不过泥鳅,就高声喊叫救命。泥鳅想堵住他的嘴,又没东西堵,特务的喊声越来越大,泥鳅怕被伪军听见,只得又把他推下水去. The spy was unable to defeat Niqiu, so he called for help. Niqiu wanted to stuff his mouth, but as he didn&rsquo;t find anything, the spy&rsquo;s shouting became louder and louder. Niqiu was afraid that the puppet soldiers would hear him, so he pushed him into the water again. + + + + Page 51 + https://readchina.github.io/comics/zhufu/b-page-51/ + Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 + + https://readchina.github.io/comics/zhufu/b-page-51/ + +她像是受了炮烙似的缩了手,脸色同时变作灰黑,也不再去取烛台,只是失神的站着。 She withdrew her hand as if it had been branded with red-hot metal, her face instantly became ashen, and she did not try again to fetch the candlestick, but just stood there dejectedly. + + + + Page 52 + https://readchina.github.io/comics/biao/b-page-52/ + Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 + + https://readchina.github.io/comics/biao/b-page-52/ + +当他再搬一根很重的圆木材时,一不小心滑脱了手,整个木材垛塌了下来,发出吓人的声响。随着一声嗥叫,一只大狗向他扑来。彼蒂加吓得浑身发抖,拚命地逃回宿舍里去。 Just when he was pulling one especially heavy log, it slipped out of his hands in a moment of carelessness. The entire pile of tree trunks collapsed, making a frightening noise. Following a loud growl, a huge dog jumped at Petka. Petka's entire body trembled with fear, and he ran back to the dorm for his dear life. + + + + Page 52 + https://readchina.github.io/comics/niqiu/b-page-52/ + Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 + + https://readchina.github.io/comics/niqiu/b-page-52/ + +特务在水里喝着水,象是葫芦头灌香油似的,“咕嘟嘟,咕嘟嘟”,水面上冒起了一串串水泡泡。 GLUG, GLUG &ndash; The spy drank from the water like a bottle gourd from sesame oil, and a stream of bubbles rose to the surface. + + + + Page 52 + https://readchina.github.io/comics/zhufu/b-page-52/ + Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 + + https://readchina.github.io/comics/zhufu/b-page-52/ + +直到四老爷上香的时候,叫她走开,她才走开。她疑惑的想:难道自己已经在土地庙捐了门槛,还不能赎了这一世的罪名么?…… Only when Mr. Lu burned the joss sticks and ordered her to leave did she leave. Feeling uncertain, she thought: Could it be that despite having already paid for a threshold in contribution to the village temple, she still could not redeem herself from the sins of this life? … + + + + Page 53 + https://readchina.github.io/comics/biao/b-page-53/ + Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 + + https://readchina.github.io/comics/biao/b-page-53/ + +第二天,彼蒂加得了严重的肺炎,整整昏睡了三个星期。 The next day, Petka came down with a serious pneumonia and slept for three weeks. + + + + Page 53 + https://readchina.github.io/comics/niqiu/b-page-53/ + Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 + + https://readchina.github.io/comics/niqiu/b-page-53/ + +敌人走后,张家庄的人都回来了,就是不见泥鳅。大伙四下里找寻着,到处都在喊着:&ldquo;泥鳅!泥——鳅——&rdquo; After the enemy had left, all the villagers of Zhangjia Village returned, but Niqiu was nowhere to be seen. Everybody was searching for him in all directions and shouted: &ldquo;Niqiu! Niiiiiiqiuuuuuuuuuuu!&rdquo; + + + + Page 53 + https://readchina.github.io/comics/zhufu/b-page-53/ + Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 + + https://readchina.github.io/comics/zhufu/b-page-53/ + +这一回她的变化非常大,第二天,不但眼睛凹陷下去,连精神也更不济了,而且很胆怯,有如在白天出穴游行的小鼠;否则呆坐着简直是一个木偶人。 This time, there was a huge change in her. The next day, her eyes were sunken down, her spirit further wasted away, and she became very timid, like a mouse wandering out of its hole in daytime; on other occasions she sat blankly, like a puppet. + + + + Page 54 + https://readchina.github.io/comics/biao/b-page-54/ + Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 + + https://readchina.github.io/comics/biao/b-page-54/ + +彼蒂加终于活下来了,恢复知觉了。一天,小伙伴米罗诺夫给他送来一本画书,还告诉他,在他害病的那天,毕塔珂夫因偷木材被送到少年管教所去了。彼蒂加禁不住绯红了脸。 Petka finally started to get better and recovered his consciousness. One day, his mate Milonov brought him a picture book. He told him that Pyatakov had been sent to the youth custody centre for stealing wood on the same day that Petka had fallen ill. Petka could not help but blush. + + + + Page 54 + https://readchina.github.io/comics/niqiu/b-page-54/ + Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 + + https://readchina.github.io/comics/niqiu/b-page-54/ + +泥鳅听了,使用两手卷成个筒筒,放在嘴上,拉长声音回答说:&ldquo;我在这儿哪!&rdquo; When Niqiu heard them, he formed his hands to a tube, raised them to his mouth and answered: &ldquo;I am heeeeeeeere!&rdquo; + + + + Page 54 + https://readchina.github.io/comics/zhufu/b-page-54/ + Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 + + https://readchina.github.io/comics/zhufu/b-page-54/ + +不到半年,她头发也花白起来了,记性尤其坏,甚而至于常常忘却了去淘米。四太太有时当面就说:“祥林嫂怎么这样了?倒不如那时不留她。”似乎是警告她,想打发她走了。 Within half a year, her hair started to turn white, her memory became particularly poor, even to the point that she frequently forgot to go and rinse rice. Mrs. Lu sometimes said right in front of her: &ldquo;How come Xianglin&rsquo;s wife becomes like this? It would have been better if we hadn&rsquo;t kept her.&rdquo; It was as if she was warning her that she wanted to dismiss her. + + + + Page 55 + https://readchina.github.io/comics/biao/b-page-55/ + Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 + + https://readchina.github.io/comics/biao/b-page-55/ + +米罗诺夫走后,彼蒂加很难过,心想:毕塔珂夫虽然讨厌,毕竟是自己的小伙伴,不能让他白受冤在。他决定去找院长,说明那天晚上是他搬动了木材,但埋表的事是绝对不能讲的。 After Milonov had left, Petka felt very bad and thought to himself: &ldquo;Even though I detest Pyatakov, he is still my mate, and I can&rsquo;t let him be accused wrongly.&rdquo; He decided that he would go to the director and explain that it had been Petka himself, who had moved the logs on that very night, but he would not say a word about the watch. + + + + Page 55 + https://readchina.github.io/comics/niqiu/b-page-55/ + Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 + + https://readchina.github.io/comics/niqiu/b-page-55/ + +泥鳅把喝饱水的特务又拖到东岸上。大伙一看,都高兴地说:“泥鳅真是共产党教育出来的好孩子,又为乡亲们除了一害!”泥鳅充满信心地表示:“要消灭这些害人虫,把日本鬼子赶出中国去!取得抗战的全部胜利!” Niqiu pulled the spy, who had had enough to drink, to the east bank. When everybody saw this, they happily said: &ldquo;Niqiu is a good boy educated by the Communist Party, he averted yet another harm to the villagers!&rdquo; Niqiu said with confidence: &ldquo;Let&rsquo;s destroy this vermin and drive the Japanese devils out of China! Let&rsquo;s achieve total victory in the war!&rdquo; + + + + Page 55 + https://readchina.github.io/comics/zhufu/b-page-55/ + Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 + + https://readchina.github.io/comics/zhufu/b-page-55/ + +不久,四太太终于停了祥林嫂的工,叫她回到卫老婆子那里去。镇上谁家都不肯雇用她,卫老婆子也没法收留,祥林嫂就成了乞丐。她头发全白,不像四十上下的人了。 Before long, Mrs. Lu finally suspended Xianglin&rsquo;s wife&rsquo;s work and told her to return to Old Wei&rsquo;s. No household in town was willing to employ her, and Old Wei was unable to take her in, so Xianglin&rsquo;s wife became a beggar. Her hair turned completely white, and she did not look like a person in their forties anymore. + + + + Page 56 + https://readchina.github.io/comics/biao/b-page-56/ + Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 + + https://readchina.github.io/comics/biao/b-page-56/ + +可是,他来到院长办公室,却又失掉了勇气。院长问他有什么事,他只说是来向院长借画书的。院长见他喜欢读书了,很高兴,就拿给他许多书。 However, when he arrived in the director&rsquo;s office, his courage left him. The director asked him what the matter was, but he only managed to say that he had come to borrow some picture books from him. When the director saw that he liked reading, he was very happy, and gave him many books. + + + + Page 56 + https://readchina.github.io/comics/zhufu/b-page-56/ + Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 + + https://readchina.github.io/comics/zhufu/b-page-56/ + +她见到识字的人,就用眼钉着问:“一个人死了之后,究竟有没有魂灵的?……死掉的一家人,真的都能见面么?……”但是,有谁能回答她呢!就是答得出,又能给她多少安慰呢! When she came across someone literate, she fixed her stare at him and asked: &ldquo;When a person dies, do they actually have a soul? &hellip; Dead families, can they truly meet each other? &hellip; &quot; But, who could answer her! Even if they gave an answer, how much comfort could this give her! + + + + Page 57 + https://readchina.github.io/comics/biao/b-page-57/ + Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 + + https://readchina.github.io/comics/biao/b-page-57/ + +一个星期六的晚上,库兑耶尔突然带着乳酪糖球来看望彼蒂加,他恳求彼蒂加把表还给他。彼蒂加脸色一下子变白了:“我不要!请您走吧!”“什么?叫我走?你还我表!”库兑耶尔大吵大嚷起来。 One Saturday evening, Kudeyar suddenly came to pay Petka a visit, bringing toffees and begging him to return his watch. Petka&rsquo;s face instantly turned white: &ldquo;No! I ask you to leave!&rdquo; &ndash; &ldquo;What? You tell me to go? Give me back my watch!&rdquo; Kudeyar started to make a big scene. + + + + Page 57 + https://readchina.github.io/comics/zhufu/b-page-57/ + Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 + + https://readchina.github.io/comics/zhufu/b-page-57/ + +转眼又到了年底,鲁镇的人家照例都又在“祝福”。这天天色阴暗,雪花乱糟糟的飞舞着,当鲁四老爷家里迎过福神,正在大放爆竹的时候,祥林嫂倒在河边,静悄悄的死了。 In the blink of an eye, it was the end of another year, the households of Luzhen were as usual all &ldquo;performing the new year&rsquo;s sacrifice&rdquo;. The day was gloomy, the snowflakes danced wildly in the air, just as the Lu household welcomed the God of Fortune, right when the fireworks were being set off, Xianglin&rsquo;s wife collapsed by the river bank and died quietly. + + + + Page 58 + https://readchina.github.io/comics/biao/b-page-58/ + Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 + + https://readchina.github.io/comics/biao/b-page-58/ + +院长赶来了问:“怎么一回事?”彼蒂加说:“他是我的伯父,是从疯人院出来的。请您不要再放他进来了!”于是大家把库兑耶尔赶走了。 The director hurried over and asked: &ldquo;What&rsquo;s going on here?&rdquo; Petka said: &ldquo;He is my uncle, he ran away from the madhouse. Please don&rsquo;t let him come in again!&rdquo; So everyone chased off Kudeyar. + + + + Page 59 + https://readchina.github.io/comics/biao/b-page-59/ + Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 + + https://readchina.github.io/comics/biao/b-page-59/ + +冬天到了,下起了大雪。院长叫孩子们把院子里的木材搬进库房去。彼蒂加想到心爱的表就可以到手了,所以劲头也来了:“快点儿,加油!”他干得很卖力,像个指挥官似的组织大家传递木材。 Winter came and heavy snow fell. The director called the children to carry the timber from inside the courtyard into the storehouse. Petka thought of how he could finally get his hands on his beloved watch, so he also joined with enthusiasm: &ldquo;Move up, come on!&rdquo; He threw himself into the task at hand and ordered everyone to pass the timber just like a commander. + + + + Page 60 + https://readchina.github.io/comics/biao/b-page-60/ + Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 + + https://readchina.github.io/comics/biao/b-page-60/ + +可是库房满了,木材没有搬完,彼蒂加大失所望,因为他的心爱的表仍然拿不出来。虽然院长表扬了他,可他感到很遗憾。 But the storage room was full before all the timber had been moved in. Petka lost all his hope, because he could not get hold of his beloved watch. Although the headmaster praised him, he felt quite sorrowful. + + + + Page 61 + https://readchina.github.io/comics/biao/b-page-61/ + Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 + + https://readchina.github.io/comics/biao/b-page-61/ + +由于他劳动积极,大家一致选举他当总务组的组长。彼蒂加又高兴起来了。 Because he had worked energetically, everyone elected him unanimously as group leader for general affairs. This cheered Petka up again. + + + + Page 62 + https://readchina.github.io/comics/biao/b-page-62/ + Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 + + https://readchina.github.io/comics/biao/b-page-62/ + +大家对他非常信任,他也热心为大家办事;他用心读书,进步很快。到新年时,他升了级,跟高年级孩子一起读书了。表的事也来不及去想了。 Everybody trusted him a lot, and he took care of all of their affairs with his full heart; he studied diligently and made good progress. When the new year started, he moved up to a higher class and studied together with the senior students. He did not have time to think about the matter of the watch anymore. + + + + Page 63 + https://readchina.github.io/comics/biao/b-page-63/ + Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 + + https://readchina.github.io/comics/biao/b-page-63/ + +日子飞快地过去了。三月里,巴黎公社纪念日这一天,孩子们去烈士陵园扫墓。他们在路上遇见了一个醉汉,大家把他推来推去,还用雪球打他的脸。彼蒂加认出那个醉汉正是库兑耶尔。 The days were passing faster and faster. In March, on the Paris Commune Memorial Day, all the kids went out to sweep the tombs at the martyrs&rsquo; cemetery. On their way, they came across a drunkard. Everyone rudely pushed and pulled him back and forth and even threw snowballs at his face. Petka recognized that this drunkard was Kudeyar. + + + + Page 64 + https://readchina.github.io/comics/biao/b-page-64/ + Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 + + https://readchina.github.io/comics/biao/b-page-64/ + +库兑耶尔呻吟着、挣扎着、躲来躲去。彼蒂加忽然产生了同情心,于是跳出来,叫道:“喂,住手吧!” Kudeyar groaned, fought, and tried his best to duck away from the children. Petka suddenly felt sorry for him and so he jumped between them and shouted: &ldquo;Hey, stop it!&rdquo; + + + + Page 65 + https://readchina.github.io/comics/biao/b-page-65/ + Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 + + https://readchina.github.io/comics/biao/b-page-65/ + +库兑耶尔也认出了他,怒吼道:“你这流氓!你偷了我的表!”彼蒂加又羞又愧。 Kudeyar also recognized Petka and shouted in anger: &ldquo;You rogue! You stole my watch!&rdquo; Petka felt very ashamed. + + + + Page 66 + https://readchina.github.io/comics/biao/b-page-66/ + Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 + + https://readchina.github.io/comics/biao/b-page-66/ + +复活节快到了。经院长许可,彼蒂加和小伙伴米罗诺夫一起到集市上去玩耍。彼蒂加认识了一个叫娜塔莎的小女孩。他们彼此谈得很亲密,一直玩到很晚才分手。 Easter was near. The director allowed Petka to go out with his mate Milonov to spend some time at the market. There, Petka got to know a girl called Natasha. They started getting closer to each other and only separated when it was very late. + + + + Page 67 + https://readchina.github.io/comics/biao/b-page-67/ + Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 + + https://readchina.github.io/comics/biao/b-page-67/ + 积雪融化了。一天,彼蒂加发现院子里的木材也烧完了。他左思右想,一夜没睡好。第二天清早,他悄悄来到埋表的地方,把表挖了出来。表依然闪闪放光,但彼蒂加却觉得它黯然失色。 The masses of snow had melted away. One day, Petka noticed that all the timber in the yard had been used up. He pondered and pondered, and he could not sleep the entire night. The next day, he secretly went to the place where he hid the watch and dug it out. It was still sparkling and glittering, but Petka had the feeling that it had lost its splendour. + + + + Page 68 + https://readchina.github.io/comics/biao/b-page-68/ + Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 + + https://readchina.github.io/comics/biao/b-page-68/ + +这回彼蒂加该按照他的计划逃走了吧?可是,不!现在他不想离开这儿了。那表怎么办呢?扔掉它?怪愚蠢的,最好是还给库兑耶尔,但到哪儿去找他呢?彼蒂加揣着这只可恨的表,心里很痛苦。 Should Petka run away as he had planned? No, of course not! Now he did not want to leave this place. So, what should he do with the watch? Throw it away? That was quite stupid, the best option was to give it back to Kudeyar, but where could he find him? Petka hid this detestable watch in his clothes, his heart heavy. + + + + Page 69 + https://readchina.github.io/comics/biao/b-page-69/ + Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 + + https://readchina.github.io/comics/biao/b-page-69/ + +夏天到了,屋顶要油漆一下,院长叫彼蒂加上街去买油漆。他来到市场,想起先前的流浪生活,想到偷东西挨打的难堪情景……唉!真无聊!真糊涂! Summer had arrived, and the roof needed to be painted. The director asked Petka to go shopping for paint. When he came to the market, he thought of his previous vagrant life and the embarrassment of stealing and being beaten up&hellip; UGH! What a bore! How confusing! + + + + Page 70 + https://readchina.github.io/comics/biao/b-page-70/ + Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 + + https://readchina.github.io/comics/biao/b-page-70/ + +“捉贼!捉住他!”突然传来一阵叫喊声。转眼间,从他面前跑过一个蓬头垢面的孩子。彼蒂加立刻认出那是毕塔珂夫。他一下子抓住毕塔珂夫的肩膀。毕塔珂夫一闪身,回手照他心窝就是一拳。 &ldquo;Catch the thief! Catch him!&rdquo; Suddenly there was shouting. In the blink of an eye, an unkempt child ran past him. Petka immediately recognized that it was Pyatakov. He grabbed Pyatakov&rsquo;s shoulder at once. Pyatakov flinched, and then gave him a punch in the gut. + + + + Page 71 + https://readchina.github.io/comics/biao/b-page-71/ + Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 + + https://readchina.github.io/comics/biao/b-page-71/ + +“不要撒野!你不认识我啦!我是彼蒂加。”他们来到远离街心的僻静的地方,“原谅我吧,全是我不好……”他对毕塔珂夫讲述了那晚偷搬木材的事。 &ldquo;Don&rsquo;t be wild! Don&rsquo;t you know me? I&rsquo;m Petka!&rdquo; They came to a secluded place, away from the middle of the street, &ldquo;forgive me, it's all my fault&hellip;,&rdquo; he told Pyatakov about the matter of stealing the wood that night. + + + + Page 72 + https://readchina.github.io/comics/biao/b-page-72/ + Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 + + https://readchina.github.io/comics/biao/b-page-72/ + +毕塔珂夫大笑起来:“可那一夜我确实弄了十六根木材,卖给小贩了……”他敲了一下彼蒂加的前额,就踉踉跄跄地走了。 Pyatakov started laughing: &ldquo;But I did get 16 pieces of lumber that night, and sold that to a black-market handler&hellip;&rdquo; he hit Petka on the forehead and staggered away. + + + + Page 73 + https://readchina.github.io/comics/biao/b-page-73/ + Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 + + https://readchina.github.io/comics/biao/b-page-73/ + +突然,毕塔珂夫又转身回来打了彼蒂加一记耳光:“把表给我!听见没有?你当我不知道?我跟库兑耶尔同住了半年监牢,他都对我讲了……现在他还关在监狱里。”彼蒂加真想快点儿把表交给毕塔珂夫。 Suddenly, Pyatakov turned around and slapped Petka into the face: &ldquo;Give me the watch! Did you hear that? You think I don&rsquo;t know? I spent half a year in jail with Kudeyar, and he told me everything&hellip; he is still locked up in jail.&rdquo; Petka really wanted to give the watch to Pyatakov quickly. + + + + Page 74 + https://readchina.github.io/comics/biao/b-page-74/ + Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 + + https://readchina.github.io/comics/biao/b-page-74/ + +这时,警察和一群人赶来了。毕塔珂夫被捕了。 At this time, the police and a group of people arrived. Pyatakov was arrested. + + + + Page 75 + https://readchina.github.io/comics/biao/b-page-75/ + Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 + + https://readchina.github.io/comics/biao/b-page-75/ + +彼蒂加穿过市场,闷闷不乐地向颜料店走去。他狠狠地捏住口袋里的表:我要这包袱干什么?这个倒霉的玩艺儿!他转过街角,忽然看见一个卖表链的小女孩,原来是娜塔莎。 Petka crossed the market and walked to the paint shop gloomily. He squeezed the watch in his pocket fiercely: What do I want this burden for? This hapless game! As he turned around the corner of the street, he suddenly saw a girl selling a watch chain. The girl turned out to be Natasha. + + + + Page 76 + https://readchina.github.io/comics/biao/b-page-76/ + Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 + + https://readchina.github.io/comics/biao/b-page-76/ + +他分明认得,那表链正是库兑耶尔的。他问娜塔莎表链是从哪儿来的。她说:“这是我爸爸的。他从监狱捎来一封信,叫我卖……我没办法生活……” He clearly recognized that the watch chain belonged to Kudeyar. He asked Natasha where the watch chain came from. She said: &ldquo;This is my father's. He sent a letter from prison asking me to sell it… I can&rsquo;t live like this…&rdquo; + + + + Page 77 + https://readchina.github.io/comics/biao/b-page-77/ + Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 + + https://readchina.github.io/comics/biao/b-page-77/ + +彼蒂加觉得脑袋在胀大,脚下的地面在摇动,他几乎要跌倒了。他把表链接过来,久久地端详着…… Petka felt his head swell and the ground under his feet shaking, and he almost fell. He took the watch chain and looked at it for a long time… + + + + Page 78 + https://readchina.github.io/comics/biao/b-page-78/ + Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 + + https://readchina.github.io/comics/biao/b-page-78/ + +他从衣袋里掏出那只表,用发抖的手把它挂在表链上,递给娜塔莎说:“给你!”然后,飞快地跑走,消失在喧闹的人群中了。 He took the watch out of his pocket, attached it to the watch chain with trembling hands and handed it to Natasha: &ldquo;Here, for you!&rdquo; Then he ran away quickly and disappeared into the noisy crowd. + + + + diff --git a/public/katex/auto-render.min.js b/public/katex/auto-render.min.js new file mode 100644 index 0000000..3a6d663 --- /dev/null +++ b/public/katex/auto-render.min.js @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +!function(e,t){"object"==typeof exports&&"object"==typeof module?module.exports=t(require("katex")):"function"==typeof define&&define.amd?define(["katex"],t):"object"==typeof exports?exports.renderMathInElement=t(require("katex")):e.renderMathInElement=t(e.katex)}("undefined"!=typeof self?self:this,function(e){return 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b/public/luxun/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,3603 @@ + + + + + + + + + + +Geschichten über Lu Xun und Junge Leute - Lu Xun und die chinesische Holzschnitt Bewegung 鲁迅和青年的故事 | Comics + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
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    + + + Geschichten über Lu Xun und Junge Leute - Lu Xun und die chinesische Holzschnitt Bewegung 鲁迅和青年的故事 + + +
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    + Geschichten über Lu Xun und Junge Leute - Lu Xun und die chinesische Holzschnitt Bewegung 鲁迅和青年的故事 + # +

    +

    Einleitung zu den Comics und Erläuterung der Übersetzung: +Lena Henningsen

    +

    Gegen Ende seines Lebens bemühte sich der chinesische Schriftsteller Lu Xun 鲁迅 (1881-1936) um die Holzschnitt-Bewegung in China. Er sah das große ästhetische und politische Potenzial in dieser Kunstform: Mit ihrer Ausdrucksstärke konnte sie den Betrachter direkt ansprechen, aufgrund ihrer Reproduzierbarkeit war sie geeignet, einer breiteren Zuschauerschaft ästhetisches Erleben zu ermöglichen und diese gar zu mobilisieren. Lu Xun sammelte Holzschnitte von europäischen Künstlern wie Frans Masereel oder Käthe Kollwitz, deren Werk „Die Mutter" in der Ausstellung in „Die Geschichte eines Holzschnitts" (Fan 1976) im Hintergrund des zweiten Panels zu sehen ist, wenn auch überproportional groß. Lu Xun ließ diese Werke reproduzieren, ausstellen und in Zeitschriften veröffentlichen, und er organisierte einen Workshop für junge Künstler: ein japanischer Künstler – der Bruder von Lu Xuns Freund, dem Buchhändler Uchiyama Kanzō – unterrichtete junge chinesische Künstler, Lu Xun übersetzte.

    +

    Von Lu Xuns Bemühen um einen modernen, politischen Holzschnitt handeln zwei der drei hier vorgestellten chinesischen Comics, der erste spielt vor dem Hintergrund von Lu Xuns Übersetzertätigkeit sowie im Buchladen des besagten Freunds. Damit zeigen die Comics tatsächliche Episoden aus dem Leben des berühmten Schriftstellers. Der Realitätsbezug wird auch dadurch verstärkt, dass konkrete Szenerien – der Buchladen oder der Ausstellungsraum – detailgetreu und realitätsnah dargestellt werden, wie ein Vergleich mit Fotographien aus der Zeit bezeugt. Auch finden sich Zitate von realen Bildern in den Comics, neben dem erwähnten Kollwitz-Bild lässt sich auch das Porträt von Lu Xun in „Geschichte eines Holzschnitts" auf das Original von Cao Bai zurückverfolgen. Die Comics lassen sich einbetten in Diskurse um Lu Xuns Bemühen um diese Kunstform, um eine Verbreitung von Comics als Mittel zur Modernisierung des Landes, sowie um das intellektuelle und literarische Vermächtnis des Schriftstellers (Tang 2007, Davies 2013, Fogel 2019, Graf 2023, Baker, Ginsberg 2020, Goldman 1982, Holm 1985, Lee 1985, Liu 2019, Gu 2019).

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    Die lianhuanhua schildern also drei Episoden gegen Ende des Lebens von Lu Xun. Sie tun dies aus der Perspektive des Sommers 1976, in dem die hier übersetzten Comics in einem kleinen Sammelband mit dem Titel Geschichten über Lu Xun und Junge Leute (鲁迅和青年的故事, Shi 1976) veröffentlicht wurden, also gegen Ende der Kulturrevolution. Damit steht der Band auch an einer Umbruchsstelle in der Entwicklung chinesischer Comics: Im Bewusstsein um die Effizienz von Comics in der Vermittlung von Wissen und Ideologie, förderte die Kommunistische Partei (KP) lianhuanhua massiv. Lianhuanhua zählen zu den wissenschaftlich noch wenig untersuchten, aber gesellschaftlich besonders weit verbreiteten Medien im China der Mao-Zeit sowie der frühen Post-Mao Ära. Während in der Kulturrevolution weiterhin lianhuanhua produziert wurden, erlitten aber gleichzeitig zahlreiche Comic-Künstler politische Verfolgung und konnten nicht zeichnen oder publizieren. In ihrer künstlerischen Vielfalt, aber auch in ihrer Themenwahl können die hier vorliegenden Geschichten damit auf vielerlei Weise gelesen werden: als Huldigung des vielleicht wichtigsten chinesischen. Schriftstellers des 20. Jahrhunderts; als eine Auseinandersetzung mit dem Verhältnis zwischen den Generationen; als eine Auseinandersetzung mit den Aufgaben und Rollen von Schriftstellern und Künstlern; als eine Auseinandersetzung mit dem Verhältnis zwischen Politik und Kunst; und als eine Auseinandersetzung mit dem Medium Comic, genauer: lianhuanhua, und der Rolle des Holzschnitts.

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    Eine Reihe von Topoi, Details und sprachlichen Wendungen im Text verorten die Comics dabei klar in den späten 1970ern:

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    In der Summe stellen alle Geschichten aus Geschichten über Lu Xun und Junge Leute – auch die hier nicht vorliegenden – Lu Xun als einen fürsorglichen Mentor für junge Leute dar, seien diese Künstler, Studierende, oder – wie in „Die Geschichte eines Buchkaufs" (Hu 1976) – einfache Arbeiter. Dieser Fokus steht im Einklang mit anderen Beschreibungen von Lu Xun, verdient aber im Jahr 1976 besondere Aufmerksamkeit: Die Geschichten wurden im August 1976 veröffentlicht, unmittelbar vor dem Ende der Kulturrevolution, in der Mao Zedong die Jugend des Landes angeleitet hatte, sich gegen Autoritäten und die ältere Generation (Eltern, Lehrer…) zu wenden. Später hatte Mao dieselben Jugendlichen dann im Rahmen der Landverschickungskampagne aufs Land geschickt, wo sie zum Teil selber vielfach Leid erlebten. Die Geschichten lassen eine Neudefinition im Umgang von Jung und Alt erkennen, sie stellen Lu Xun als Mentor der Jugend dar. Der Umgang miteinander ist geprägt von wechselseitigem Wohlwollen, Respekt und Sorge.

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    „Die Geschichte eines Holzschnitts" behandelt nicht nur das repressive politische Klima im China der 1930er Jahre und Lu Xuns Rolle für die Entwicklung dieser Kunstform in China. Sie kann auch gelesen werden als eine Metapher für die Unterdrückung von Künstlern durch die KP während der Kulturrevolution. Dem Comic liegen die reale Geschichte von Cao Bai zugrunde, das von ihm gestaltete Porträt von Lu Xun, sowie Lu Xuns Aufsatz „In Tiefer Nacht Geschrieben" (1936, für eine Übersetzung, siehe: Lu Xun 2017: 288-292). Der Leser mag sich aber auch fragen, ob die Autoren des Comics mit der Geschichte nicht auch über die harsche, gewalttätige und ungerechte Verfolgung nachdachten, der viele Künstler während der Kulturrevolution ausgesetzt gewesen waren.

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    Gleichzeitig spiegeln die Geschichten durchaus einen Lu Xun wieder, wie er in den vorausgegangenen Jahrzehnten von der Propaganda der KP dargestellt wurde, als einen Kämpfer für die Sache des Kommunismus, ein Kämpfer, der den Stift als Waffe in den Kampf führte, und der ohne zu schwanken an der Seite der KP stand – ungeachtet Lu Xuns deutlich ambivalenterer Haltung gegenüber der Doktrin der KP im echten Leben. Neben der kulturrevolutionär geprägten Sprache (etwa wenn die Gegner auf der Seite der Guomindang als „Reaktionäre" bezeichnet werden), verweisen auch die intertextuellen Bezüge auf die offizielle Doktrin: In „Die Geschichte eines Buchkaufs" etwa verschenkt Lu Xun zwei Bücher, das von ihm übersetzte Werk Die Neunzehn von Alexander Fadeyev, sowie Der Eiserne Strom von Serafimovich. Beide Titel sind Übersetzungen aus dem Russischen und zählen zum Kanon des sozialistischen Realismus, der auch in China weit propagiert wurde. Die Neunzehn finden sogar Erwähnung in Mao Zedongs Yan’aner (Reden aus dem Jahr 1942 (Denton 2016, Mao, McDougall 1980), in der er die bis heute gültige Doktrin für Literatur und Kunst festschrieb: Literatur und Kunst existieren nicht um ihrer selbst willen, sondern haben der Politik zu dienen, sprich: der Politik der KP. Als positives Beispiel verweist Mao auf Fadeyev – sowie wiederholt auf Lu Xun. Die herausragende Position von Lu Xun wird auch dadurch betont, dass Mao seine Rede mit einem Zweizeiler von Lu Xun beschließt, mit dem er die Unterordnung des Künstlers unter das Volk illustriert:

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    Mit grimmigem Blick biete ich tausend auf mich gerichteten Fingern die Stirn,

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    mit gesenktem Kopf diene ich den Menschen.

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    Diese politische Interpretation des Gedichts entspricht nicht unbedingt der dichterischen Intention (Davies 2020); aufgrund der vielfachen Wiederveröffentlichung der Yananer Reden aber sind die Gedichtzeilen weit über ihren Ursprungskontext bekannt und werden vielfach zitiert – sowohl im Tagebuch von Lei Feng (Henningsen 2022), als auch auf der letzten Seite der hier übersetzten Geschichte „Der Letzte Besuch" (Sheng 1976): Die jungen Künstler sehen Lu Xun hinterher, der im Nieselregen verschwindet. Sie haben einen von der Krankheit gezeichneten Lu Xun erlebt – der aber noch immer Energie ausstrahlte, der weiterhin seine ganze (verbleibende) Kraft in den Dienst der guten Sache, des Kampfes stellen will. Und sie scheinen zu ahnen, dass dies ein Abschied für immer ist, schließlich stirbt Lu Xun nur wenige Tage nach seinem Ausstellungsbesuch. So passend das zitierte Gedicht in der Situation scheint: Angesichts der weiten postumen Verbreitung der Zeilen durch die Yananer Reden sind sie ebenso ein Zitat von Lu Xun, das den jungen Leuten in ihre Gedanken gelegt wird, wie auch ein Zitat von Mao Zedong, der wiederum nur wenige Wochen nach der Veröffentlichung dieses Comics sterben würde. So sehr die Comics die Unterdrückung durch den politischen Gegner anprangern (eine Unterdrückung, die auch gelesen werden kann als eine Spiegelung der Unterdrückung, der viele Künstler während der Kulturrevolution ausgesetzt waren!), so bekräftigen die Geschichten mit diesem Zitat am Ende doch das Supremat der KP über künstlerisches Schaffen in der Volksrepublik China des Jahres 1976.

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    Eine Anmerkung zur Übersetzung: die Texte verwenden die Partikel 得, 地 und 的 nicht entsprechend des heutigen Standardgebrauchs, aber durchaus entsprechend der Gepflogenheiten der späten 1970er. Das Gleiche gilt für das Schriftzeichen anstelle 象 von 像. Wir haben diese Stellen entsprechend in der Transkription markiert, aber nicht korrigiert.

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    Die vorliegenden Übersetzungen wurden unter der Leitung von Dominik Weihrauch von Studierenden der Freien Universität Berlin im Rahmen des Masterkurses „Fortgeschrittenes Chinesisch 2" erstellt: Großer Dank an Johannes Nentwig (hauptverantwortlich für „Die Geschichte eines Holzschnitts"), Carolina Franke, Carla Nikolaus.

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    + Zitierte Literatur: + # +

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    Baker, David, Mary Ginsberg 2020 [eds.]: Lu Xun’s Legacy: Printmaking in Modern China: An Exhibition of Prints from the Muban Educational Trust, London: Muban Educational Trust.

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    Davies, Gloria 2013: Lu Xun’s Revolution: Writing in a Time of Violence, Cambridge, Harvard University Press.

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    Davies, Gloria 2020: “Lu Xun in 1960: On Valuing a Maoist Icon”, in: Critical Inquiry, 46, 515-535.

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    Denton, Kirk, A. 2016: “Literature and Politics: Mao Zedong’s ‘Yan’an Talks’ and Party Rectification”, in: Kirk A. Denton [ed.]: The Columbia Companion to Modern Chinese Literature, New York: Columbia University Press, 224-230.

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    Goldman, Merle 1982: “The Political Use of Lu Xun”, in: The China Quarterly, 91, 446-461.

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    Graf, Emily M. 2023: Lu Xun on Display: Memory, Space and Media in the Making of World Literary Heritage or The Materiality of World Literary Heritage: Memory, Space and Media in the Making of Lu Xun, Heidelberg: University of Heidelberg.

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    Fan Yixin 范一辛 (Illustration), Shi Zhongpei 史中培 (Adaptation) 1976: “Die Geschichte eines Holzschnitts” 一幅木刻的故事, in: Shi Zhongpei 史中培: Geschichten über Lu Xun und Junge Leute 鲁迅和青年的故事, Shanghai: Shanghai renmin chubanshe, 1-19.

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    Fogel, Joshua A. 2019: A Friend in Deed: Lu Xun, Uchiyama Kanzo, and the Intellectual World of Shanghai on the Eve of War, Ann Arbor: Asia Shorts.

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    Henningsen, Lena 2022: “Chairman Mao’s Good Reader: Mise en abyme in The Diary of Lei Feng”, in: ReadChina Interventions, Oct. 1, 2022, No. 3, https://readchina.github.io/interventions/LeiFeng.html, last access 2022-11-01.

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    Holm, David 1985: “Lu Xun in the Period of 1936-1949: The Making of a Chinese Gorki”, in: Lee, Leo Ou-fan [ed.]: Lu Xun and his Legacy, Los Angeles: University of California Press, 153-179.

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    Hu Keli 胡克礼 (Illustration), Shi Zhongpei 史中培 (Adaptation) 1976: “Die Geschichte eins Buchkaufs” 买书的故事, in: Shi Zhongpei 史中培: Geschichten über Lu Xun und Junge Leute 鲁迅和青年的故事, Shanghai: Shanghai renmin chubanshe, 1-13.

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    Gu, Ming Dong 2019: “Lu Xun’s Writings: Modernizing Chinese language and consciousness”, in: Gu, Ming Dong [ed.]: Routledge Handbook of Modern Chinese Literature, Oxon: Routledge, 23-35.

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    Lee, Leo Ou-fan [ed.] 1985: Lu Xun and his Legacy, Los Angeles: University of California Press.

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    Liu, Yiwen 2019: “Witnessing Death: The Circulation of Lu Xun’s Postmortem Image”, in: Circulation, 9/2, http://hdl.handle.net/2027/spo.7977573.0009.204, last access 2022-06-10.

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    Lu Xun 2017: Jottings under Lamplight (edited. by Eileen J. Cheng and Kirk A. Denton), Cambridge: Harvard University Press.

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    Mao Zedong, edited by Bonnie McDougall 1980: Talks at the Yan'an Conference on Literature and Art, University of Michigan.

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    Sheng Zengxiang 盛增祥 (Illustration), Shi Zhongpei 史中培 (Adaptation) 1976: “Der Letzte Besuch” 最后一次巡礼, in: Shi Zhongpei 史中培: Geschichten über Lu Xun und Junge Leute 鲁迅和青年的故事, Shanghai: Shanghai renmin chubanshe, 1-10.

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    Shi Zhongpei 史中培1976: Geschichten über Lu Xun und Junge Leute 鲁迅和青年的故事, Shanghai: Shanghai renmin chubanshe.

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    Tang, Xiaobing 2007: Origins of the Chinese Avant-Garde: The Modern Woodcut Movement, Berkeley: University of California Press.

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    买书的故事

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    Die Geschichte eines Buchkaufs

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    + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + diff --git a/public/luxun/maishudegushi/index.xml b/public/luxun/maishudegushi/index.xml new file mode 100644 index 0000000..7daff44 --- /dev/null +++ b/public/luxun/maishudegushi/index.xml @@ -0,0 +1,135 @@ + + + + 1 Die Geschichte eines Buchkaufs 买书的故事 on Comics + https://readchina.github.io/comics/luxun/maishudegushi/ + Recent content in 1 Die Geschichte eines Buchkaufs 买书的故事 on Comics + Hugo -- gohugo.io + en-us + + Page 01 + https://readchina.github.io/comics/luxun/maishudegushi/maishudegushi-page-01/ + Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 + + https://readchina.github.io/comics/luxun/maishudegushi/maishudegushi-page-01/ + 一九三二年深秋,一个细雨绵绵的日子。中午时分,上海内山书店里很清静,没有顾客。在店堂的一角,鲁迅正和书店主人,日本朋友内山完造谈论着国民党反动派压制进步文化的情况。这时,鲁迅的著作几乎全部被他们禁止了。 Es war ein vernieselter Tag im Spätherbst des Jahres 1932. Um die Mittagszeit war es in der Uchiyama-Buchhandlung in Shanghai ganz ruhig, es waren keine Kunden da. In einer Ecke des Ladens unterhielt sich Lu Xun mit dem Ladenbesitzer, seinem japanischen Freund Kanzō Uchiyama, darüber, wie die fortschrittliche Kultur durch die Reaktionäre der Guomindang unterdrückt wurde. Zu jener Zeit hatten diese nahezu sämtliche literarischen Schriften von Lu Xun verboten. + + + + Page 02 + https://readchina.github.io/comics/luxun/maishudegushi/maishudegushi-page-02/ + Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 + + https://readchina.github.io/comics/luxun/maishudegushi/maishudegushi-page-02/ + 中国人开的书店不能出售鲁迅著作,鲁迅就委托外国人开的书店代售,千方百计把革命真理传播到工农大众中去。鲁迅对内山完造说:“国民党不准书店发售我译的《毁灭》,其实《毁灭》是禁止不了的。” Von Chinesen betriebene Buchhandlungen durften Lu Xuns Werke nicht verkaufen, so dass er den Vertrieb seiner Bücher einer von einem Ausländer geführten Buchhandlung anvertraute, um die Wahrheit der Revolution mit allen Mitteln unter den Massen der Arbeiter und Bauern zu verbreiten. Lu Xun sagte zu Uchiyama Kanzō: „Die Guomindang erlaubt es Buchhandlungen nicht, das von mir übersetzte Werk Die Neunzehn zu verkaufen, doch Die Neunzehn lässt sich nicht verbieten. + + + + Page 03 + https://readchina.github.io/comics/luxun/maishudegushi/maishudegushi-page-03/ + Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 + + https://readchina.github.io/comics/luxun/maishudegushi/maishudegushi-page-03/ + +说话间,一个头戴黄色制服帽的公共汽车青年卖票工人走了进来。这个青年看了鲁迅和店主人一眼,就翻起书架上的书来。突然,书脊上“鲁迅”两字跳入了他的眼帘。他赶忙抽出一本,急切地翻看起来。 Während sie sich unterhielten, trat ein junger Verkäufer von Busfahrkarten mit gelber Uniformmütze auf dem Kopf herein. Der junge Mann warf Lu Xun und dem Ladenbesitzer einen kurzen Blick zu, bevor er anfing, sich die Bücher in den Regalen anzuschauen. Plötzlich sprang ihm der Name „Lu Xun&quot; von einigen Buchrücken ins Auge. Sofort zog er ein Buch heraus und fing an, ungeduldig darin zu blättern. + + + + Page 04 + https://readchina.github.io/comics/luxun/maishudegushi/maishudegushi-page-04/ + Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 + + https://readchina.github.io/comics/luxun/maishudegushi/maishudegushi-page-04/ + 这就是鲁迅译的小说《毁灭》。鲁迅的著译,在那暗无天日的岁月里给了他多大的鼓舞啊!但是由于反动派的查禁,鲁迅的书越来越难买到了,今天在这里是意外发现。他按捺不住内心的喜悦,捧着这本书,舍不得放下。 Es war eben jener von Lu Xun übersetzte Roman Die Neunzehn. Was für eine enorme Inspiration Lu Xuns Schriften und Übersetzungen ihm in jenen finsteren Zeiten doch gegeben hatten! Doch aufgrund der Verbote durch die reaktionären Kräfte wurde es immer schwieriger, Lu Xuns Bücher zu erwerben. Dass er nun heute hier auf dieses Werk stieß, war ein unverhoffter Fund. Er konnte seine innere Freude nicht zurückhalten, hielt das Buch in den Händen und konnte es nicht mehr aus den Händen legen. + + + + Page 05 + https://readchina.github.io/comics/luxun/maishudegushi/maishudegushi-page-05/ + Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 + + https://readchina.github.io/comics/luxun/maishudegushi/maishudegushi-page-05/ + +店主人走了过来。这个青年很有礼貌地问:“先生,这本书多少钱?”店主人接过书翻看了一下说:“一元四角。”青年伸手摸了摸衬衫的口袋,里面只剩一元钱了。他轻声说了一句:“对不起,我的钱不够。” Der Ladenbesitzer kam zu ihm herüber. Der junge Mann fragte höflich: „Entschuldigen Sie, wieviel kostet dieses Buch?&quot; Der Ladenbesitzer nahm das Buch, drehte es um und sagte: „Einen Yuan und vier Jiao.&quot; Der junge Mann griff in seine Hemdtasche und merkte, dass er nur noch einen Yuan übrighatte. Er sagte mit leiser Stimme: „Es tut mir leid, doch mein Geld reicht nicht aus.&quot; + + + + Page 06 + https://readchina.github.io/comics/luxun/maishudegushi/maishudegushi-page-06/ + Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 + + https://readchina.github.io/comics/luxun/maishudegushi/maishudegushi-page-06/ + +店主人没听清他的话,还是热心地向他推荐:“你买一本吧,这是一部很好的书。”青年诚恳地回答:“我知道。”他反复地将书抚摸着,脸上现出了惋惜的神情。 Der Ladenbesitzer hatte ihn nicht richtig gehört und empfahl ihm weiter enthusiastisch: „Kaufen Sie ein Exemplar, das ist ein wirklich gutes Buch.&quot; Der junge Mann erwiderte aufrichtig: „Ich weiß.&quot; Er fuhr immer wieder mit den Fingern über das Buch, sein Gesichtsausdruck von Bedauern erfüllt. + + + + Page 07 + https://readchina.github.io/comics/luxun/maishudegushi/maishudegushi-page-07/ + Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 + + https://readchina.github.io/comics/luxun/maishudegushi/maishudegushi-page-07/ + +坐在里面的鲁迅把这一切都看在眼里。他站起身慢慢地走了过来,亲切地看着这个青年,问道:“你要买这本书?”青年点头说:“很想买。” Lu Xun saß derweil im Inneren des Ladens und hatte dies alles mit angesehen. Jetzt stand er auf, ging langsam hinüber, sah den jungen Mann freundlich an und fragte: „Möchten Sie das Buch kaufen?&quot; Der junge Mann nickte und antwortete: „Sehr gerne.&quot; + + + + Page 08 + https://readchina.github.io/comics/luxun/maishudegushi/maishudegushi-page-08/ + Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 + + https://readchina.github.io/comics/luxun/maishudegushi/maishudegushi-page-08/ + 鲁迅从书架上抽出另一本书递给他:“你买这一本吧,这本书很好。”青年接过来一看,封面上印着“铁流”两个字,但一看定价:一元八角,便说:“我买不起,先生。如果钱够的话,我真想都买回去看看。” Lu Xun zog ein weiteres Buch aus dem Bücherregal und reichte es ihm: „Kaufen Sie doch dieses Buch. Es ist sehr gut.&quot; Der junge Mann nahm es entgegen und warf einen Blick auf den Einband, auf dem der Titel Der eiserne Strom aufgedruckt war. Doch als er den Preis von einem Yuan und acht Jiao sah, sagte er: „Das kann ich mir nicht leisten, lieber Herr. Wenn ich genug Geld hätte, würde ich wirklich gerne beide Bücher mitnehmen und lesen. + + + + Page 09 + https://readchina.github.io/comics/luxun/maishudegushi/maishudegushi-page-09/ + Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 + + https://readchina.github.io/comics/luxun/maishudegushi/maishudegushi-page-09/ + +鲁迅温和地问道:“一元钱你有没有?一元钱?”青年回答一声:“有!”不觉抬起头来看着鲁迅热情的眼光。 Lu Xun fragte gutmütig: „Hast du denn einen Yuan? Einen einzigen?&quot; Der junge Mann antwortete: „Ja!&quot; Unbewusst hob er den Kopf und schaute in Lu Xuns freundliche Augen. + + + + Page 10 + https://readchina.github.io/comics/luxun/maishudegushi/maishudegushi-page-10/ + Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 + + https://readchina.github.io/comics/luxun/maishudegushi/maishudegushi-page-10/ + +鲁迅把两本书交到青年手里:“给你,两本书一元钱。”青年接过书,几乎不相信自己的耳朵,他目不转睛地看着站在面前的这个慈祥的老人,猛然想起在杂志上见过的鲁迅照片,高兴得[sic]跳起来:“您,您就是……” Lu Xun legte beide Bücher in die Hände des jungen Mannes: „Hier, zwei Bücher für einen Yuan.&quot; Der junge Mann nahm die Bücher entgegen und konnte seinen Ohren kaum trauen. Unverwandt blickte er den gütigen alten Mann an, der vor ihm stand. Plötzlich erinnerte er sich an ein Foto von Lu Xun, das er in einer Zeitschrift gesehen hatte. Er sprang fröhlich auf: „Sie, Sie sind doch&hellip;&quot; + + + + Page 11 + https://readchina.github.io/comics/luxun/maishudegushi/maishudegushi-page-11/ + Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 + + https://readchina.github.io/comics/luxun/maishudegushi/maishudegushi-page-11/ + 鲁迅微笑着点了点头,对他说:“这本《铁流》因为是另一位先生翻译的,所以收回一点成本;我那一本,是送给你的。”青年抑制不住内心的激动,眼眶里滚动着泪花,连忙掏出那枚带着体温的银元,放到鲁迅手里。 Lu Xun nickte lächelnd und sagte zu ihm: „Dieses Buch Der eiserne Strom hat ein anderer Herr übersetzt, daher muss ich von dir einen Teil der Kosten dafür einziehen. Das von mir übersetzte Buch aber schenke ich dir.&quot; Der junge Mann konnte seine innere Aufregung nicht mehr verbergen, sodass ihm Tränen in die Augen stiegen. Eilig zog er die Silbermünze, die noch seine Körperwärme trug, heraus und legte sie Lu Xun in die Hand. + + + + Page 12 + https://readchina.github.io/comics/luxun/maishudegushi/maishudegushi-page-12/ + Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 + + https://readchina.github.io/comics/luxun/maishudegushi/maishudegushi-page-12/ + +青年有多少话要跟鲁迅说啊,可是一时不知从哪里说起。他深情地看了鲁迅一眼,恭敬地鞠了一个躬,把那两本凝结着深厚革命情谊的书小心地装进帆布袋,匆匆地走出了店门。 Der junge Mann wollte Lu Xun so viel sagen, doch in dem Moment wusste er nicht, wo er anfangen sollte. Er schaute Lu Xun mit tiefer Zuneigung an, verbeugte sich respektvoll, steckte die beiden Bücher, die von einer tiefen revolutionären Freundschaft zeugten, vorsichtig in seine Leinentasche und verließ schnellen Schrittes den Laden. + + + + Page 13 + https://readchina.github.io/comics/luxun/maishudegushi/maishudegushi-page-13/ + Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 + + https://readchina.github.io/comics/luxun/maishudegushi/maishudegushi-page-13/ + +鲁迅送到门口。秋风卷着细雨,飘洒在他的脸上,凉丝丝的,可是手上那枚带着体温的银元,却使他心里感到无限温暖。他久久地凝视着那个青年工人冒雨远去的背影…… Lu Xun begleitete ihn bis zur Tür. Durch den Herbstwind wehte ihm der Nieselregen ins Gesicht. Es war kühl, doch die noch warme Silbermünze in seiner Hand erfüllte sein Herz mit grenzenloser Wärme. Lange blickte er dem jungen Arbeiter hinterher, wie er im Regen verschwand&hellip; + + + + diff --git a/public/luxun/maishudegushi/maishudegushi-page-01/index.html b/public/luxun/maishudegushi/maishudegushi-page-01/index.html new file mode 100644 index 0000000..50a8b10 --- /dev/null +++ b/public/luxun/maishudegushi/maishudegushi-page-01/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,3570 @@ + + + + + + + + + + + + +Page 01 | Comics + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
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    + 一九三二年深秋,一个细雨绵绵的日子。中午时分,上海内山书店里很清静,没有顾客。在店堂的一角,鲁迅正和书店主人,日本朋友内山完造谈论着国民党反动派压制进步文化的情况。这时,鲁迅的著作几乎全部被他们禁止了。 +
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    + 中国人开的书店不能出售鲁迅著作,鲁迅就委托外国人开的书店代售,千方百计把革命真理传播到工农大众中去。鲁迅对内山完造说:“国民党不准书店发售我译的《毁灭》,其实《毁灭》是禁止不了的。” +
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    + 说话间,一个头戴黄色制服帽的公共汽车青年卖票工人走了进来。这个青年看了鲁迅和店主人一眼,就翻起书架上的书来。突然,书脊上“鲁迅”两字跳入了他的眼帘。他赶忙抽出一本,急切地翻看起来。 +
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    + Während sie sich unterhielten, trat ein junger Verkäufer von Busfahrkarten mit gelber Uniformmütze auf dem Kopf herein. Der junge Mann warf Lu Xun und dem Ladenbesitzer einen kurzen Blick zu, bevor er anfing, sich die Bücher in den Regalen anzuschauen. Plötzlich sprang ihm der Name „Lu Xun" von einigen Buchrücken ins Auge. Sofort zog er ein Buch heraus und fing an, ungeduldig darin zu blättern. +
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    + 这就是鲁迅译的小说《毁灭》。鲁迅的著译,在那暗无天日的岁月里给了他多大的鼓舞啊!但是由于反动派的查禁,鲁迅的书越来越难买到了,今天在这里是意外发现。他按捺不住内心的喜悦,捧着这本书,舍不得放下。 +
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    + Es war eben jener von Lu Xun übersetzte Roman Die Neunzehn. Was für eine enorme Inspiration Lu Xuns Schriften und Übersetzungen ihm in jenen finsteren Zeiten doch gegeben hatten! Doch aufgrund der Verbote durch die reaktionären Kräfte wurde es immer schwieriger, Lu Xuns Bücher zu erwerben. Dass er nun heute hier auf dieses Werk stieß, war ein unverhoffter Fund. Er konnte seine innere Freude nicht zurückhalten, hielt das Buch in den Händen und konnte es nicht mehr aus den Händen legen. +
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    + 店主人走了过来。这个青年很有礼貌地问:“先生,这本书多少钱?”店主人接过书翻看了一下说:“一元四角。”青年伸手摸了摸衬衫的口袋,里面只剩一元钱了。他轻声说了一句:“对不起,我的钱不够。” +
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    + Der Ladenbesitzer kam zu ihm herüber. Der junge Mann fragte höflich: „Entschuldigen Sie, wieviel kostet dieses Buch?" Der Ladenbesitzer nahm das Buch, drehte es um und sagte: „Einen Yuan und vier Jiao." Der junge Mann griff in seine Hemdtasche und merkte, dass er nur noch einen Yuan übrighatte. Er sagte mit leiser Stimme: „Es tut mir leid, doch mein Geld reicht nicht aus." +
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    + 店主人没听清他的话,还是热心地向他推荐:“你买一本吧,这是一部很好的书。”青年诚恳地回答:“我知道。”他反复地将书抚摸着,脸上现出了惋惜的神情。 +
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    + Der Ladenbesitzer hatte ihn nicht richtig gehört und empfahl ihm weiter enthusiastisch: „Kaufen Sie ein Exemplar, das ist ein wirklich gutes Buch." Der junge Mann erwiderte aufrichtig: „Ich weiß." Er fuhr immer wieder mit den Fingern über das Buch, sein Gesichtsausdruck von Bedauern erfüllt. +
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    + 坐在里面的鲁迅把这一切都看在眼里。他站起身慢慢地走了过来,亲切地看着这个青年,问道:“你要买这本书?”青年点头说:“很想买。” +
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    + Lu Xun saß derweil im Inneren des Ladens und hatte dies alles mit angesehen. Jetzt stand er auf, ging langsam hinüber, sah den jungen Mann freundlich an und fragte: „Möchten Sie das Buch kaufen?" Der junge Mann nickte und antwortete: „Sehr gerne." +
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    + 鲁迅从书架上抽出另一本书递给他:“你买这一本吧,这本书很好。”青年接过来一看,封面上印着“铁流”两个字,但一看定价:一元八角,便说:“我买不起,先生。如果钱够的话,我真想都买回去看看。” +
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    + Lu Xun zog ein weiteres Buch aus dem Bücherregal und reichte es ihm: „Kaufen Sie doch dieses Buch. Es ist sehr gut." Der junge Mann nahm es entgegen und warf einen Blick auf den Einband, auf dem der Titel Der eiserne Strom aufgedruckt war. Doch als er den Preis von einem Yuan und acht Jiao sah, sagte er: „Das kann ich mir nicht leisten, lieber Herr. Wenn ich genug Geld hätte, würde ich wirklich gerne beide Bücher mitnehmen und lesen." +
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    + 鲁迅温和地问道:“一元钱你有没有?一元钱?”青年回答一声:“有!”不觉抬起头来看着鲁迅热情的眼光。 +
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    + Lu Xun fragte gutmütig: „Hast du denn einen Yuan? Einen einzigen?" Der junge Mann antwortete: „Ja!" Unbewusst hob er den Kopf und schaute in Lu Xuns freundliche Augen. +
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    + 鲁迅把两本书交到青年手里:“给你,两本书一元钱。”青年接过书,几乎不相信自己的耳朵,他目不转睛地看着站在面前的这个慈祥的老人,猛然想起在杂志上见过的鲁迅照片,高兴得[sic]跳起来:“您,您就是……” +
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    + Lu Xun legte beide Bücher in die Hände des jungen Mannes: „Hier, zwei Bücher für einen Yuan." Der junge Mann nahm die Bücher entgegen und konnte seinen Ohren kaum trauen. Unverwandt blickte er den gütigen alten Mann an, der vor ihm stand. Plötzlich erinnerte er sich an ein Foto von Lu Xun, das er in einer Zeitschrift gesehen hatte. Er sprang fröhlich auf: „Sie, Sie sind doch…" +
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    + 鲁迅微笑着点了点头,对他说:“这本《铁流》因为是另一位先生翻译的,所以收回一点成本;我那一本,是送给你的。”青年抑制不住内心的激动,眼眶里滚动着泪花,连忙掏出那枚带着体温的银元,放到鲁迅手里。 +
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    + Lu Xun nickte lächelnd und sagte zu ihm: „Dieses Buch Der eiserne Strom hat ein anderer Herr übersetzt, daher muss ich von dir einen Teil der Kosten dafür einziehen. Das von mir übersetzte Buch aber schenke ich dir." Der junge Mann konnte seine innere Aufregung nicht mehr verbergen, sodass ihm Tränen in die Augen stiegen. Eilig zog er die Silbermünze, die noch seine Körperwärme trug, heraus und legte sie Lu Xun in die Hand. +
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    + 青年有多少话要跟鲁迅说啊,可是一时不知从哪里说起。他深情地看了鲁迅一眼,恭敬地鞠了一个躬,把那两本凝结着深厚革命情谊的书小心地装进帆布袋,匆匆地走出了店门。 +
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    + Der junge Mann wollte Lu Xun so viel sagen, doch in dem Moment wusste er nicht, wo er anfangen sollte. Er schaute Lu Xun mit tiefer Zuneigung an, verbeugte sich respektvoll, steckte die beiden Bücher, die von einer tiefen revolutionären Freundschaft zeugten, vorsichtig in seine Leinentasche und verließ schnellen Schrittes den Laden. +
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    + 鲁迅送到门口。秋风卷着细雨,飘洒在他的脸上,凉丝丝的,可是手上那枚带着体温的银元,却使他心里感到无限温暖。他久久地凝视着那个青年工人冒雨远去的背影…… +
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    + Lu Xun begleitete ihn bis zur Tür. Durch den Herbstwind wehte ihm der Nieselregen ins Gesicht. Es war kühl, doch die noch warme Silbermünze in seiner Hand erfüllte sein Herz mit grenzenloser Wärme. Lange blickte er dem jungen Arbeiter hinterher, wie er im Regen verschwand… +
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    + 鲁迅十分重视新兴木刻,认为这是“新的,年轻的,前进的”艺术,“为革命所需要”。他组织“朝花社”,介绍外国革命木刻,又主持木刻讲习会,亲自担任翻译,请外国友人传授木刻技艺。 +
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    + Lu Xun schätzte die neu aufkommende Holzschnittkunst sehr, er betrachtete sie als „neue, junge und fortschrittliche“ Kunstform „für die Revolution“. Er organisierte die „Morgenblüten-Gesellschaft“, machte revolutionäre Holzschnitte aus dem Ausland bekannt und richtete außerdem ein Seminar über Holzschnitte aus. Dort war er persönlich als Übersetzer tätig und lud einen befreundeten ausländischen Künstler ein, seine Fertigkeiten in der Holzschnittkunst weiterzugeben. +
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    + 鲁迅还不辞辛苦,收集各国进步的原版木刻画,举办展览会,给爱好木刻的青年们观摩、学习。后来,又亲自将这些画翻印出来,送给从事新兴木刻运动的青年们。 +
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    + Lu Xun scheute auch sonst keine Mühen, er sammelte aus verschiedensten Ländern fortschrittliche Holzschnitte im Original und veranstaltete Ausstellungen, um jungen Menschen, die sich für den Holzschnitt begeisterten, Anschauungsmaterial zu bieten und davon zu lernen. Später ließ er diese Bilder persönlich reproduzieren und schenkte sie den jungen Leuten, die sich in der aufkeimenden Holzschnitt-Bewegung engagierten. +
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    + 在鲁迅的倡导和培育下,我国新兴的革命木刻如茁壮的幼芽,冲破国民党反动派的种种压迫,顽强地成长起来。不少青年组成了木刻团体,运用木刻这一武器,跟国民党反动派进京斗争。 +
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    + Durch Lu Xuns Initiative und Anleitung glich Chinas aufkeimender revolutionärer Holzschnitt einem kräftigen Sprössling, der jede Unterdrückung durch die Reaktionäre der Guomindang überwindet und unbeugsam wächst. Viele junge Menschen bildeten Holzschnitt-Gruppen und benutzten den Holzschnitt als Waffe im Kampf gegen die Reaktionäre der Guomindang. +
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    + 一九三六年春天,鲁迅收到了一幅木刻和一封信。这是一个由于从事革命木刻而遭到反动派逮捕、拘禁的青年寄来的。 +
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    + Im Frühjahr 1936 erhielt Lu Xun einen Holzschnitt und einen Brief. Geschickt wurden sie ihm von einem jungen Mann, der sich dem revolutionären Holzschnitt widmete und aus diesem Grund von den Reaktionären festgenommen und eingesperrt worden war. +
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    + 这副木刻正中是鲁迅的头像,像的四周是昏暗的夜,狂吠的狗,孤寂的荒坟;一支巨大的毛笔就象[sic]一杆钢枪,横扫着手握屠刀的吃人野兽。技术虽不成熟,但却渗透着对鲁迅的敬爱和对反动派的仇恨。 +
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    + Im Zentrum des Holzschnitts befand sich ein Porträt von Lu Xun. Es war umgeben von düsterer Nacht, wild bellenden Hunden und einsamen, verlassenen Gräbern; ein riesengroßer Pinsel, der einem Gewehr glich, fegte eine menschenfressende Bestie, die ein Schlachtmesser in der Hand hielt, davon. Zwar war die Technik noch nicht ausgereift, doch war das Bild voller Respekt und Liebe für Lu Xun und voller Verachtung gegenüber den Reaktionären. +
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    + 一九三二年,这个青年才十八岁,由于受到鲁迅倡导革命木刻的影响,他和几个青年组织了一个木刻社。一次,他刻了一幅外国文学家的肖像,被特务发现了。他和另外两个青年便遭到了逮捕。 +
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    + Im Jahr 1932, als der junge Mann gerade erst achtzehn Jahre alt gewesen war, hatte er unter dem Einfluss von Lu Xuns Initiative für den revolutionären Holzschnitt mit einigen anderen jungen Leuten eine Gesellschaft für auf die Beine gestellt. Einmal hatte er das Porträt eines ausländischen Schriftstellers geschnitzt, was von einem Spitzel entdeckt wurde. Er und zwei weitere junge Leute waren daraufhin festgenommen worden. +
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    + 在反动派的法庭上,伪法官气势汹汹地指着他刻的文学家肖像喝问:“这是谁?”他回答:“一个文学家。”法官嚎叫起来:“这明明是红军的军官,你还想赖?”于是,他被判了两年六个月的徒刑。 +
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    + Im Jahr 1932, als der junge Mann gerade erst achtzehn Jahre alt gewesen war, hatte er unter dem Einfluss von Lu Xuns Initiative für den revolutionären Holzschnitt mit einigen anderen jungen Leuten eine Gesellschaft für auf die Beine gestellt. Einmal hatte er das Porträt eines ausländischen Schriftstellers geschnitzt, was von einem Spitzel entdeckt wurde. Er und zwei weitere junge Leute waren daraufhin festgenommen worden. +
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    + 一九三五年初,青年受尽折磨之后出狱,在一个学校当教师。但他依然牢记着鲁迅的教导。业余,他又拿起了木刻刀。为了表彰鲁迅的战斗业绩,表达自己跟着鲁迅继续斗争的决心,他刻了这副木刻画。 +
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    + Zu Beginn des Jahres 1935 war der junge Mann dann, nachdem er nach einem qualvollen Gefängnisaufenthalt entlassen worden war, Lehrer an einer Schule geworden. Aber er hatte sich immer noch ganz genau an Lu Xuns Unterweisungen erinnert. In seiner Freizeit nahm er wieder das Schnitzmesser zur Hand. Um die Erfolge von Lu Xuns Kampf zu ehren und seine eigene Entschlossenheit auszudrücken, dessen Kampf fortzusetzen, hatte er diesen Holzschnitt angefertigt. +
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    + 一九三五年夏天,全国木刻联合会在上海举办展览会的时候,主持者向他征求作品。他怀着向反动派示威的心情,决定把这副木刻送去,“让那些吃人的人看看!” +
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    + Im Sommer 1935, als die Nationale Holzschnitt-Vereinigung in Shanghai eine Ausstellung veranstaltete, hatten ihn die Veranstalter nach einem seiner Werke gefragt. Mit dem Gedanken daran, gegen die Reaktionäre zu protestieren, beschloss er, jenen Holzschnitt einzureichen, „um es diesen Menschenfressern zu zeigen!“ +
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    + 展览会正式展出前一天,国民党反动派市党部的老爷们来检查了。他们见到这幅木刻,仿佛就象[sic]受到鲁迅的严厉审判一样,害怕得[sic]发抖,哆嗦着说:“这,这幅画不行!”硬逼着主持人把这幅木刻剔去。 +
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    + Einen Tag vor der offiziellen Eröffnung der Ausstellung kamen die Herrschaften vom städtischen Parteibüro der reaktionären Guomindang zur Inspektion der Ausstellungsstücke. Als sie den Holzschnitt sahen, erschauderten sie vor Angst, als empfingen sie das strenge Urteil von Lu Xun, und sagten zitternd: „Dieses da, dieses Bild geht nicht!" Und so zwangen sie die Veranstalter, das Bild wieder abzuhängen. +
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    + 展览会开幕了,青年找遍整个会场,没有发现他刻的《鲁迅像》。他向展览会主持人询问,主持人从抽屉里取出那幅《鲁迅像》,把国民党反动派检查老爷的卑劣行径告诉他,深情地说:“要知道,这是火,一团炽热的火啊!” +
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    + Die Ausstellung wurde eröffnet und der junge Mann suchte den gesamten Veranstaltungsort ab, konnte sein Lu Xun Porträt aber nicht finden. Er fragte den Ausstellungsleiter danach, dieser das Bild holte aus einer Schublade und erzählte ihm von der niederträchtigen Aktion der Inspekteure der Reaktionäre der Guomindang. Er sagte mitfühlend: „Du musst wissen, das ist Feuer, glühend heißes Feuer!“ +
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    + 青年拿回了这幅被禁止展出的木刻,把它珍藏在箱子里。过了些时候,他打开箱子,忽然想到:为什么不把这幅木刻寄给鲁迅先生看看,把它的遭遇告诉鲁迅先生呢?于是他立即写了一封信,连同这幅木刻,一起寄给了鲁迅。 +
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    + Der junge Mann hatte das von der Ausstellung verbannte Bild zurückgenommen und gut in einer Kiste versteckt. Nach einiger Zeit öffnete er die Kiste wieder und hatte plötzlich eine Idee: Warum sollte er das Bild nicht an Lu Xun schicken und ihm erzählen, was dem Bild widerfahren ist? Also schrieb er sofort einen Brief und schickte ihn gemeinsam mit dem Bild an Lu Xun. +
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    + 鲁迅看了信和木刻,十分气愤。他立即给这个青年写了回信,信上写道:“我要保存这一幅画,一者是因为是遭过艰难的青年的作品,二是因为留着党老爷的蹄痕,三,则由此也纪念一点现在的黑暗和挣扎。” +
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    + Als Lu Xun nun den Brief las und das Bild ansah, wurde er sehr wütend. Er verfasste sofort eine Antwort an den jungen Mann. Darin schrieb er: „Ich werde dieses Bild aufbewahren, erstens weil es das Werk eines jungen Mannes ist, der so viel erleiden musste, zweitens weil darauf die Inspekteure der Guomindang mit ihren Klauen Spuren hinterlassen haben und drittens auch zum Gedenken an die Dunkelheit und die Mühen der heutigen Zeit.“ +
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    + 不久,这个青年受鲁迅的邀请,来到鲁迅寓所,和鲁迅亲切交谈。鲁迅询问他的身世,青年向鲁迅倾诉多年来郁积在心中的愤恨和不平,也把一九三二年被国民党反动派逮捕和监禁的经过告诉了鲁迅。 +
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    + Nicht viel später erhielt der junge Mann Lu Xuns Einladung, ihn zu Hause zu besuchen und mit ihm ein persönliches Gespräch zu führen. Lu Xun fragte ihn zu seinem harten Los, und der junge Mann vertraute ihm die seit Jahren in ihm schwelende Verbitterung und seinen Kummer an, auch von der Festnahme und Inhaftierung durch die Reaktionäre der Guomindang im Jahr 1932 erzählte er Lu Xun. +
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    + 鲁迅听完这个青年的诉说,愤慨地说:“为了刻一张文学家的像,得了这样的罪,这是大黑暗,也是大笑话。”青年苦笑一下,说:“这次坐牢倒给我增加了不少知识,使我见到了那么多残酷刑罚,真是惨不忍睹……” +
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    + Als Lu Xun den Bericht des jungen Mannes angehört hatte, sagte er entrüstet: „Für das Schnitzen eines Schriftsteller-Porträts eine solche Strafe zu erhalten, das ist wirklich düster, aber auch total lächerlich.“ Der junge Mann lachte bitter auf und sagte: „Im Gefängnis habe ich unerwarteterweise vieles gelernt. Ich habe so viele brutale Strafen gesehen, es war wirklich nicht auszuhalten…“ +
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    + “最惨的是和我关在同一房间里的一个年青农民。反动派说他是红军军长,把缝衣针插进他的指甲缝里,插了一只又一只,十个指头都插满了,但是他至死不招。到现在,他那坚贞不屈的形象,还时刻浮现在我的眼前。” +
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    + „Am Schlimmsten erging es einem jungen Bauern, der mit mir in eine Zelle gesperrt war. Die Reaktionäre meinten, er wäre ein Offizier der Roten Armee, und so bohrten sie ihm Nähnadeln unter die Fingernägel, eine Nadel nach der anderen, an allen zehn Fingern, aber bis er starb, gab er kein Geständnis ab. Bis zum heutigen Tag ist mir sein entschlossener und unbeugsamer Ausdruck noch immer vor Augen.“ +
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    + 青年还告诉鲁迅,他虽然被释放了,但还是很不自由,经常受到特务的监视,很感痛苦。鲁迅鼓励他说:“人生现在实在苦痛,但是我们总要战取光明,即使自己遇不到,也可以留给后来的!我们就这样的[sic]活下去吧!” +
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    + Der Jugendliche erzählte Lu Xun außerdem noch, dass er, obwohl er freigelassen wurde, trotzdem nicht sehr frei war und häufig von Spitzeln einer Spezialeinheit überwacht wurde, was ihn sehr quälte. Lu Xun sagte ermunternd zu ihm: „Das Leben heutzutage ist in der Tat eine Qual. Dennoch sollten wir stets zuversichtlich bleiben, und auch wenn wir gewisse Dinge nicht erreichen können, so können wir sie jenen übertragen, die nach uns kommen werden. Lass uns nach dieser Maxime weiterleben!“ +
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    + 青年望着鲁迅坚定的目光,浑身热血沸腾,心里默默地说:“鲁迅先生,我一定听从您的教导,要战取光明,要这样活下去!”鲁迅又对青年说:“我要将你刚才说的情况写一篇文章,中国不能发表,就拿到外国去!” +
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    + Der junge Mann sah den entschlossenen Blick Lu Xuns, in ihm brodelte heißes Blut und innerlich sagte er zu ihm: „Werter Herr Lu Xun, ich werde Ihren Rat auf jeden Fall befolgen, zuversichtlich bleiben und genauso weiterleben!” Lu Xun wandte sich noch einmal an ihn und sagte: „Ich werde über alles, was du mir gerade erzählt hast, einen Artikel schreiben, und wenn er in China nicht erscheinen darf, dann eben im Ausland!“ +
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    + 青年走后,鲁迅的心情久久不能平静。窗外一片漆黑,夜已深了。他提笔疾书。他要向全世界披露中国历史上最黑暗的一页,告诉人们中国的革命者正在这黑暗里浴血奋斗。于是,一篇犀利的杂文《写于深夜里》在斗争中诞生了。 +
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    + Nachdem der junge Mann gegangen war, kam Lu Xun lange nicht zur Ruhe. Vor seinem Fenster war es stockdunkel, es war schon mitten in der Nacht. Er nahm einen Stift zur Hand und schrieb schnell. Er wollte für die ganze Welt eine der dunkelsten Seiten der Geschichte Chinas enthüllen und den Menschen erzählen, dass sich die chinesischen Revolutionäre in einem blutigen Kampf befanden. So wurde der scharfsinnige Essay mit dem Titel “In tiefer Nacht geschrieben” aus dem Kampf heraus geboren. +
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    + Die Geschichte eines Buchkaufs 一幅木刻的故事 + # +

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    一幅木刻的故事

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    绘画 范一辛

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    Die Geschichte eines Holzschnitts

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    Illustrationen: Fan Yixin

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Er organisierte die „Morgenblüten-Gesellschaft“, machte revolutionäre Holzschnitte aus dem Ausland bekannt und richtete außerdem ein Seminar über Holzschnitte aus. Dort war er persönlich als Übersetzer tätig und lud einen befreundeten ausländischen Künstler ein, seine Fertigkeiten in der Holzschnittkunst weiterzugeben. + + + + Page 02 + https://readchina.github.io/comics/luxun/yifumukedegushi/b-page-02/ + Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 + + https://readchina.github.io/comics/luxun/yifumukedegushi/b-page-02/ + +鲁迅还不辞辛苦,收集各国进步的原版木刻画,举办展览会,给爱好木刻的青年们观摩、学习。后来,又亲自将这些画翻印出来,送给从事新兴木刻运动的青年们。 Lu Xun scheute auch sonst keine Mühen, er sammelte aus verschiedensten Ländern fortschrittliche Holzschnitte im Original und veranstaltete Ausstellungen, um jungen Menschen, die sich für den Holzschnitt begeisterten, Anschauungsmaterial zu bieten und davon zu lernen. Später ließ er diese Bilder persönlich reproduzieren und schenkte sie den jungen Leuten, die sich in der aufkeimenden Holzschnitt-Bewegung engagierten. + + + + Page 03 + https://readchina.github.io/comics/luxun/yifumukedegushi/b-page-03/ + Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 + + https://readchina.github.io/comics/luxun/yifumukedegushi/b-page-03/ + +在鲁迅的倡导和培育下,我国新兴的革命木刻如茁壮的幼芽,冲破国民党反动派的种种压迫,顽强地成长起来。不少青年组成了木刻团体,运用木刻这一武器,跟国民党反动派进京斗争。 Durch Lu Xuns Initiative und Anleitung glich Chinas aufkeimender revolutionärer Holzschnitt einem kräftigen Sprössling, der jede Unterdrückung durch die Reaktionäre der Guomindang überwindet und unbeugsam wächst. Viele junge Menschen bildeten Holzschnitt-Gruppen und benutzten den Holzschnitt als Waffe im Kampf gegen die Reaktionäre der Guomindang. + + + + Page 04 + https://readchina.github.io/comics/luxun/yifumukedegushi/b-page-04/ + Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 + + https://readchina.github.io/comics/luxun/yifumukedegushi/b-page-04/ + +一九三六年春天,鲁迅收到了一幅木刻和一封信。这是一个由于从事革命木刻而遭到反动派逮捕、拘禁的青年寄来的。 Im Frühjahr 1936 erhielt Lu Xun einen Holzschnitt und einen Brief. Geschickt wurden sie ihm von einem jungen Mann, der sich dem revolutionären Holzschnitt widmete und aus diesem Grund von den Reaktionären festgenommen und eingesperrt worden war. + + + + Page 05 + https://readchina.github.io/comics/luxun/yifumukedegushi/b-page-05/ + Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 + + https://readchina.github.io/comics/luxun/yifumukedegushi/b-page-05/ + +这副木刻正中是鲁迅的头像,像的四周是昏暗的夜,狂吠的狗,孤寂的荒坟;一支巨大的毛笔就象[sic]一杆钢枪,横扫着手握屠刀的吃人野兽。技术虽不成熟,但却渗透着对鲁迅的敬爱和对反动派的仇恨。 Im Zentrum des Holzschnitts befand sich ein Porträt von Lu Xun. Es war umgeben von düsterer Nacht, wild bellenden Hunden und einsamen, verlassenen Gräbern; ein riesengroßer Pinsel, der einem Gewehr glich, fegte eine menschenfressende Bestie, die ein Schlachtmesser in der Hand hielt, davon. Zwar war die Technik noch nicht ausgereift, doch war das Bild voller Respekt und Liebe für Lu Xun und voller Verachtung gegenüber den Reaktionären. + + + + Page 06 + https://readchina.github.io/comics/luxun/yifumukedegushi/b-page-06/ + Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 + + https://readchina.github.io/comics/luxun/yifumukedegushi/b-page-06/ + +一九三二年,这个青年才十八岁,由于受到鲁迅倡导革命木刻的影响,他和几个青年组织了一个木刻社。一次,他刻了一幅外国文学家的肖像,被特务发现了。他和另外两个青年便遭到了逮捕。 Im Jahr 1932, als der junge Mann gerade erst achtzehn Jahre alt gewesen war, hatte er unter dem Einfluss von Lu Xuns Initiative für den revolutionären Holzschnitt mit einigen anderen jungen Leuten eine Gesellschaft für auf die Beine gestellt. Einmal hatte er das Porträt eines ausländischen Schriftstellers geschnitzt, was von einem Spitzel entdeckt wurde. Er und zwei weitere junge Leute waren daraufhin festgenommen worden. + + + + Page 07 + https://readchina.github.io/comics/luxun/yifumukedegushi/b-page-07/ + Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 + + https://readchina.github.io/comics/luxun/yifumukedegushi/b-page-07/ + +在反动派的法庭上,伪法官气势汹汹地指着他刻的文学家肖像喝问:“这是谁?”他回答:“一个文学家。”法官嚎叫起来:“这明明是红军的军官,你还想赖?”于是,他被判了两年六个月的徒刑。 Im Jahr 1932, als der junge Mann gerade erst achtzehn Jahre alt gewesen war, hatte er unter dem Einfluss von Lu Xuns Initiative für den revolutionären Holzschnitt mit einigen anderen jungen Leuten eine Gesellschaft für auf die Beine gestellt. Einmal hatte er das Porträt eines ausländischen Schriftstellers geschnitzt, was von einem Spitzel entdeckt wurde. Er und zwei weitere junge Leute waren daraufhin festgenommen worden. + + + + Page 08 + https://readchina.github.io/comics/luxun/yifumukedegushi/b-page-08/ + Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 + + https://readchina.github.io/comics/luxun/yifumukedegushi/b-page-08/ + 一九三五年初,青年受尽折磨之后出狱,在一个学校当教师。但他依然牢记着鲁迅的教导。业余,他又拿起了木刻刀。为了表彰鲁迅的战斗业绩,表达自己跟着鲁迅继续斗争的决心,他刻了这副木刻画。 Zu Beginn des Jahres 1935 war der junge Mann dann, nachdem er nach einem qualvollen Gefängnisaufenthalt entlassen worden war, Lehrer an einer Schule geworden. Aber er hatte sich immer noch ganz genau an Lu Xuns Unterweisungen erinnert. In seiner Freizeit nahm er wieder das Schnitzmesser zur Hand. Um die Erfolge von Lu Xuns Kampf zu ehren und seine eigene Entschlossenheit auszudrücken, dessen Kampf fortzusetzen, hatte er diesen Holzschnitt angefertigt. + + + + Page 09 + https://readchina.github.io/comics/luxun/yifumukedegushi/b-page-09/ + Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 + + https://readchina.github.io/comics/luxun/yifumukedegushi/b-page-09/ + +一九三五年夏天,全国木刻联合会在上海举办展览会的时候,主持者向他征求作品。他怀着向反动派示威的心情,决定把这副木刻送去,“让那些吃人的人看看!” Im Sommer 1935, als die Nationale Holzschnitt-Vereinigung in Shanghai eine Ausstellung veranstaltete, hatten ihn die Veranstalter nach einem seiner Werke gefragt. Mit dem Gedanken daran, gegen die Reaktionäre zu protestieren, beschloss er, jenen Holzschnitt einzureichen, „um es diesen Menschenfressern zu zeigen!“ + + + + Page 10 + https://readchina.github.io/comics/luxun/yifumukedegushi/b-page-10/ + Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 + + https://readchina.github.io/comics/luxun/yifumukedegushi/b-page-10/ + +展览会正式展出前一天,国民党反动派市党部的老爷们来检查了。他们见到这幅木刻,仿佛就象[sic]受到鲁迅的严厉审判一样,害怕得[sic]发抖,哆嗦着说:“这,这幅画不行!”硬逼着主持人把这幅木刻剔去。 Einen Tag vor der offiziellen Eröffnung der Ausstellung kamen die Herrschaften vom städtischen Parteibüro der reaktionären Guomindang zur Inspektion der Ausstellungsstücke. Als sie den Holzschnitt sahen, erschauderten sie vor Angst, als empfingen sie das strenge Urteil von Lu Xun, und sagten zitternd: „Dieses da, dieses Bild geht nicht!&quot; Und so zwangen sie die Veranstalter, das Bild wieder abzuhängen. + + + + Page 11 + https://readchina.github.io/comics/luxun/yifumukedegushi/b-page-11/ + Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 + + https://readchina.github.io/comics/luxun/yifumukedegushi/b-page-11/ + +展览会开幕了,青年找遍整个会场,没有发现他刻的《鲁迅像》。他向展览会主持人询问,主持人从抽屉里取出那幅《鲁迅像》,把国民党反动派检查老爷的卑劣行径告诉他,深情地说:“要知道,这是火,一团炽热的火啊!” Die Ausstellung wurde eröffnet und der junge Mann suchte den gesamten Veranstaltungsort ab, konnte sein Lu Xun Porträt aber nicht finden. Er fragte den Ausstellungsleiter danach, dieser das Bild holte aus einer Schublade und erzählte ihm von der niederträchtigen Aktion der Inspekteure der Reaktionäre der Guomindang. Er sagte mitfühlend: „Du musst wissen, das ist Feuer, glühend heißes Feuer!“ + + + + Page 12 + https://readchina.github.io/comics/luxun/yifumukedegushi/b-page-12/ + Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 + + https://readchina.github.io/comics/luxun/yifumukedegushi/b-page-12/ + +青年拿回了这幅被禁止展出的木刻,把它珍藏在箱子里。过了些时候,他打开箱子,忽然想到:为什么不把这幅木刻寄给鲁迅先生看看,把它的遭遇告诉鲁迅先生呢?于是他立即写了一封信,连同这幅木刻,一起寄给了鲁迅。 Der junge Mann hatte das von der Ausstellung verbannte Bild zurückgenommen und gut in einer Kiste versteckt. Nach einiger Zeit öffnete er die Kiste wieder und hatte plötzlich eine Idee: Warum sollte er das Bild nicht an Lu Xun schicken und ihm erzählen, was dem Bild widerfahren ist? Also schrieb er sofort einen Brief und schickte ihn gemeinsam mit dem Bild an Lu Xun. + + + + Page 13 + https://readchina.github.io/comics/luxun/yifumukedegushi/b-page-13/ + Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 + + https://readchina.github.io/comics/luxun/yifumukedegushi/b-page-13/ + 鲁迅看了信和木刻,十分气愤。他立即给这个青年写了回信,信上写道:“我要保存这一幅画,一者是因为是遭过艰难的青年的作品,二是因为留着党老爷的蹄痕,三,则由此也纪念一点现在的黑暗和挣扎。” Als Lu Xun nun den Brief las und das Bild ansah, wurde er sehr wütend. Er verfasste sofort eine Antwort an den jungen Mann. Darin schrieb er: „Ich werde dieses Bild aufbewahren, erstens weil es das Werk eines jungen Mannes ist, der so viel erleiden musste, zweitens weil darauf die Inspekteure der Guomindang mit ihren Klauen Spuren hinterlassen haben und drittens auch zum Gedenken an die Dunkelheit und die Mühen der heutigen Zeit. + + + + Page 14 + https://readchina.github.io/comics/luxun/yifumukedegushi/b-page-14/ + Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 + + https://readchina.github.io/comics/luxun/yifumukedegushi/b-page-14/ + +不久,这个青年受鲁迅的邀请,来到鲁迅寓所,和鲁迅亲切交谈。鲁迅询问他的身世,青年向鲁迅倾诉多年来郁积在心中的愤恨和不平,也把一九三二年被国民党反动派逮捕和监禁的经过告诉了鲁迅。 Nicht viel später erhielt der junge Mann Lu Xuns Einladung, ihn zu Hause zu besuchen und mit ihm ein persönliches Gespräch zu führen. Lu Xun fragte ihn zu seinem harten Los, und der junge Mann vertraute ihm die seit Jahren in ihm schwelende Verbitterung und seinen Kummer an, auch von der Festnahme und Inhaftierung durch die Reaktionäre der Guomindang im Jahr 1932 erzählte er Lu Xun. + + + + Page 15 + https://readchina.github.io/comics/luxun/yifumukedegushi/b-page-15/ + Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 + + https://readchina.github.io/comics/luxun/yifumukedegushi/b-page-15/ + +鲁迅听完这个青年的诉说,愤慨地说:“为了刻一张文学家的像,得了这样的罪,这是大黑暗,也是大笑话。”青年苦笑一下,说:“这次坐牢倒给我增加了不少知识,使我见到了那么多残酷刑罚,真是惨不忍睹……” Als Lu Xun den Bericht des jungen Mannes angehört hatte, sagte er entrüstet: „Für das Schnitzen eines Schriftsteller-Porträts eine solche Strafe zu erhalten, das ist wirklich düster, aber auch total lächerlich.“ Der junge Mann lachte bitter auf und sagte: „Im Gefängnis habe ich unerwarteterweise vieles gelernt. Ich habe so viele brutale Strafen gesehen, es war wirklich nicht auszuhalten…“ + + + + Page 16 + https://readchina.github.io/comics/luxun/yifumukedegushi/b-page-16/ + Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 + + https://readchina.github.io/comics/luxun/yifumukedegushi/b-page-16/ + +“最惨的是和我关在同一房间里的一个年青农民。反动派说他是红军军长,把缝衣针插进他的指甲缝里,插了一只又一只,十个指头都插满了,但是他至死不招。到现在,他那坚贞不屈的形象,还时刻浮现在我的眼前。” „Am Schlimmsten erging es einem jungen Bauern, der mit mir in eine Zelle gesperrt war. Die Reaktionäre meinten, er wäre ein Offizier der Roten Armee, und so bohrten sie ihm Nähnadeln unter die Fingernägel, eine Nadel nach der anderen, an allen zehn Fingern, aber bis er starb, gab er kein Geständnis ab. Bis zum heutigen Tag ist mir sein entschlossener und unbeugsamer Ausdruck noch immer vor Augen.“ + + + + Page 17 + https://readchina.github.io/comics/luxun/yifumukedegushi/b-page-17/ + Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 + + https://readchina.github.io/comics/luxun/yifumukedegushi/b-page-17/ + 青年还告诉鲁迅,他虽然被释放了,但还是很不自由,经常受到特务的监视,很感痛苦。鲁迅鼓励他说:“人生现在实在苦痛,但是我们总要战取光明,即使自己遇不到,也可以留给后来的!我们就这样的[sic]活下去吧!” Der Jugendliche erzählte Lu Xun außerdem noch, dass er, obwohl er freigelassen wurde, trotzdem nicht sehr frei war und häufig von Spitzeln einer Spezialeinheit überwacht wurde, was ihn sehr quälte. Lu Xun sagte ermunternd zu ihm: „Das Leben heutzutage ist in der Tat eine Qual. Dennoch sollten wir stets zuversichtlich bleiben, und auch wenn wir gewisse Dinge nicht erreichen können, so können wir sie jenen übertragen, die nach uns kommen werden. + + + + Page 18 + https://readchina.github.io/comics/luxun/yifumukedegushi/b-page-18/ + Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 + + https://readchina.github.io/comics/luxun/yifumukedegushi/b-page-18/ + 青年望着鲁迅坚定的目光,浑身热血沸腾,心里默默地说:“鲁迅先生,我一定听从您的教导,要战取光明,要这样活下去!”鲁迅又对青年说:“我要将你刚才说的情况写一篇文章,中国不能发表,就拿到外国去!” Der junge Mann sah den entschlossenen Blick Lu Xuns, in ihm brodelte heißes Blut und innerlich sagte er zu ihm: „Werter Herr Lu Xun, ich werde Ihren Rat auf jeden Fall befolgen, zuversichtlich bleiben und genauso weiterleben!” Lu Xun wandte sich noch einmal an ihn und sagte: „Ich werde über alles, was du mir gerade erzählt hast, einen Artikel schreiben, und wenn er in China nicht erscheinen darf, dann eben im Ausland! + + + + Page 19 + https://readchina.github.io/comics/luxun/yifumukedegushi/b-page-19/ + Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 + + https://readchina.github.io/comics/luxun/yifumukedegushi/b-page-19/ + 青年走后,鲁迅的心情久久不能平静。窗外一片漆黑,夜已深了。他提笔疾书。他要向全世界披露中国历史上最黑暗的一页,告诉人们中国的革命者正在这黑暗里浴血奋斗。于是,一篇犀利的杂文《写于深夜里》在斗争中诞生了。 Nachdem der junge Mann gegangen war, kam Lu Xun lange nicht zur Ruhe. Vor seinem Fenster war es stockdunkel, es war schon mitten in der Nacht. Er nahm einen Stift zur Hand und schrieb schnell. Er wollte für die ganze Welt eine der dunkelsten Seiten der Geschichte Chinas enthüllen und den Menschen erzählen, dass sich die chinesischen Revolutionäre in einem blutigen Kampf befanden. So wurde der scharfsinnige Essay mit dem Titel “In tiefer Nacht geschrieben” aus dem Kampf heraus geboren. + + + + diff --git a/public/luxun/zuihouyicixunli/b-page-01/index.html b/public/luxun/zuihouyicixunli/b-page-01/index.html new file mode 100644 index 0000000..94d3b2c --- /dev/null +++ b/public/luxun/zuihouyicixunli/b-page-01/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,3572 @@ + + + + + + + + + + + + +Page 01 | Comics + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
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    + 一九三六年春天起,鲁迅不幸得了重病,经过检查,肺部已烂了四分之三,体重也不到四十公斤,身体很虚弱。但他在病中坚持和国民党反动派以及混入革命队伍内的“蛀虫”作斗争,同时关心着青年一代的成长。 +
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    + Seit dem Frühjahr des Jahres 1936 war Lu Xun leider schwer krank. Eine Untersuchung ergab, dass sein Lungengewebe bereits zu drei Vierteln zerstört war. Er wog keine 40 Kilogramm mehr und war sehr schwach. Doch trotz seiner Erkrankung kämpfte er weiter gegen die Reaktionäre der Guomindang und die „Schädlinge“, die in die revolutionären Truppen eigeschleust waren. Zugleich lag ihm die Entwicklung der jungen Generation am Herzen. +
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    + 十月八日,是“中华全国木刻第二回流动展览会”展出的最后一天。那天午后,鲁迅抱病赶去参观。他多年来呕心沥血培育的这株幼苗,在白色恐怖的威胁下,终于成长起来,并开出了一枝枝花朵,这怎能不使鲁迅高兴呢! +
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    + Der 8. Oktober war der letzte Ausstellungstag der „2. Landesweiten Wanderausstellung für chinesische Holzschnitte“. Am Nachmittag machte sich der kranke Lu Xun daher zügig auf den Weg zur Ausstellung. Viele Jahre hatte er all seine Kraft darauf verwendet die Schösslinge auszubilden, und nun waren diese unter der Bedrohung durch den weißen Terror endlich herangewachsen und hatten selbst Blüten getrieben. Wie hätte dies Lu Xun nicht glücklich machen können! +
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    + 鲁迅踏进会场,整个会场顿时轰动起来。一群木刻青年立刻围上来,热烈地向他问候,关切地询问他的健康状况。鲁迅坦率地回答:“不好,不好,今年九个月中,足足大病了六个月。”说着,又是一阵咳嗽,脸色很苍白。 +
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    + 青年们看着他那瘦弱的身躯,心里十分难过,都劝他坐下歇一会儿。鲁迅却径直向展品走去。他仔细观看挂在墙上的每一幅作品,当他看到这些青年刻苦创作的作品,确比过去有了进步时,脸上露出了欣慰的笑容。 +
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    + Lu Xuns schlechter Gesundheitszustand machte die jungen Leute ganz traurig. Sie drängten ihn sich hinzusetzen und sich eine Weile auszuruhen, doch Lu Xun ging geradewegs auf die Ausstellungsstücke zu. Er schaute sich jedes einzelne der Werke, die an der Wand hingen, genauestens an. Und als er die Werke sah, welche diese jungen Leute in mühsamer Arbeit erschaffen hatten, und feststellte, dass diese sich im Vergleich zu früher verbessert hatten, zeigte sich auf seinem Gesicht ein zufriedenes Lächeln. +
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    + 参观到一半,鲁迅顺手翻了一本意见簿,见上面写着“艺术之光”之类的捧场话,就说:“这是‘匾’。”青年们都笑了。他们领会鲁迅深刻的含意:盲目的捧场话如同高挂在厅堂前面歌功颂德的“匾”一样,对青年人是没有好处的。 +
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    + Als er sich die Ausstellung zur Hälfte angesehen hatte, blätterte Lu Xun beiläufig in einem Gästebuch zur Ausstellung. Er sah, dass darin lobende Worte wie „Der Ruhm der Kunst“ und Ähnliches eingetragen waren und sagte: „Das ist doch eine ‚Schrifttafel‘.“ Die jungen Leute lachten. Sie verstanden die tiefere Bedeutung von Lu Xuns Worten: Genau wie die Lobhudeleien einer ‚Schrifttafel‘, die hoch über dem Eingang zu einer Halle hängt, hatte blindes Lob für die jungen Leute keinerlei Nutzen. +
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    + 大家再三请鲁迅休息,他才在一张藤椅上坐下。青年们见鲁迅脸色苍白,都劝他出国疗养。鲁迅微笑着回答:“我这种人是无法休养的。不写文章就不得过。与其不工作而多活几年,倒不如赶快工作而少活几年的好。” +
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    + Erst als sie ihn wiederholt gebeten hatten sich doch etwas auszuruhen, setzte sich Lu Xun auf einen Rattanstuhl. Die jungen Leute sahen die Blässe in Lu Xuns Gesicht und drängten ihn, sich doch im Ausland auszukurieren. Lu Xun lächelte und sagte: „Leute wie ich können sich nicht erholen. Ich kann gar nicht anders als zu schreiben. Lieber nicht zu arbeiten und dafür ein paar Jahre länger zu leben, das ist nicht so gut, als bei der Arbeit keine Zeit zu verlieren und dafür einige Jahre weniger zu leben. +
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    + 接着,鲁迅把话题转到木刻上。他说:“创作,我是不会的,但介绍翻印之类,也还要干下去。”青年们清楚记得,鲁迅辛勤收集翻印了许多外国进步木刻画集,馈赠给他们。那一本本精美的木刻画集,浸透了鲁迅培育青年的多少心血! +
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    + Nach der Pause ging es Lu Xun dem Anschein nach etwas besser und er setzte seinen Ausstellungsbesuch mit großer Begeisterung fort. Er hörte den Erklärungen der jungen Holzschnittkünstler aufmerksam zu und teilte ihnen immer wieder seine Ansichten dazu mit. Lu Xun lobte die Werke, die den Kampfgeist der Massen der Arbeiter und Bauern ausstrahlten, wies aber auch offen auf Mängel in einigen der Werke hin, wie etwa eine nur oberflächliche Beobachtungsgabe oder eine unzureichende Handfertigkeit beim Schnitzen. +
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    + 夜幕徐徐降临了,鲁迅这才和大家告别。青年们望着鲁迅渐渐远去的瘦弱身影,不禁想起他“横眉冷对千夫指,俯首甘为孺子牛”的著名诗句,想起他几十年的战斗历程。他们的眼眶湿润了。 +
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    + Erst als langsam die Nacht hereinbrach, verabschiedete sich Lu Xun sich von allen. Und als die jungen Leute Lu Xuns schwacher und magerer Gestalt hinterherblickten, die sich nach und nach immer weiter entfernte, da mussten sie an einen berühmten Vers eines seiner Gedichte denken: „Mit grimmigem Blick biete ich tausend auf mich gerichteten Fingern die Stirn, mit gesenktem Kopf diene ich den Menschen“. Auch dachten sie an seinen jahrzehntelangen Kampf. Und ihre Augen waren voller Tränen. +
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    最后一次巡礼

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    绘画 盛增祥

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    Der letzte Besuch

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    Illustrationen: Sheng Zengxiang

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Doch trotz seiner Erkrankung kämpfte er weiter gegen die Reaktionäre der Guomindang und die „Schädlinge“, die in die revolutionären Truppen eigeschleust waren. Zugleich lag ihm die Entwicklung der jungen Generation am Herzen. + + + + Page 02 + https://readchina.github.io/comics/luxun/zuihouyicixunli/b-page-02/ + Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 + + https://readchina.github.io/comics/luxun/zuihouyicixunli/b-page-02/ + +十月八日,是“中华全国木刻第二回流动展览会”展出的最后一天。那天午后,鲁迅抱病赶去参观。他多年来呕心沥血培育的这株幼苗,在白色恐怖的威胁下,终于成长起来,并开出了一枝枝花朵,这怎能不使鲁迅高兴呢! Der 8. Oktober war der letzte Ausstellungstag der „2. Landesweiten Wanderausstellung für chinesische Holzschnitte“. Am Nachmittag machte sich der kranke Lu Xun daher zügig auf den Weg zur Ausstellung. Viele Jahre hatte er all seine Kraft darauf verwendet die Schösslinge auszubilden, und nun waren diese unter der Bedrohung durch den weißen Terror endlich herangewachsen und hatten selbst Blüten getrieben. Wie hätte dies Lu Xun nicht glücklich machen können! + + + + Page 03 + https://readchina.github.io/comics/luxun/zuihouyicixunli/b-page-03/ + Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 + + https://readchina.github.io/comics/luxun/zuihouyicixunli/b-page-03/ + 鲁迅踏进会场,整个会场顿时轰动起来。一群木刻青年立刻围上来,热烈地向他问候,关切地询问他的健康状况。鲁迅坦率地回答:“不好,不好,今年九个月中,足足大病了六个月。”说着,又是一阵咳嗽,脸色很苍白。 Als Lu Xun den Ausstellungssaal betrat, sorgte dies im ganzen Saal sofort für Aufsehen. Eine Gruppe junger Holzschnittkünstler gesellte sich sofort um ihn, grüßte ihn freundlich und fragte besorgt nach seinem Gesundheitszustand. Lu Xun antwortete geradeheraus: „Mir geht es nicht gut, wirklich nicht. Von neun Monaten war ich dieses Jahr ganze sechs Monate schwer krank.“ Als er das sagte, erlitt er einen weiteren Hustenanfall, und sein Gesicht war ganz blass. + + + + Page 04 + https://readchina.github.io/comics/luxun/zuihouyicixunli/b-page-04/ + Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 + + https://readchina.github.io/comics/luxun/zuihouyicixunli/b-page-04/ + 青年们看着他那瘦弱的身躯,心里十分难过,都劝他坐下歇一会儿。鲁迅却径直向展品走去。他仔细观看挂在墙上的每一幅作品,当他看到这些青年刻苦创作的作品,确比过去有了进步时,脸上露出了欣慰的笑容。 Lu Xuns schlechter Gesundheitszustand machte die jungen Leute ganz traurig. Sie drängten ihn sich hinzusetzen und sich eine Weile auszuruhen, doch Lu Xun ging geradewegs auf die Ausstellungsstücke zu. Er schaute sich jedes einzelne der Werke, die an der Wand hingen, genauestens an. Und als er die Werke sah, welche diese jungen Leute in mühsamer Arbeit erschaffen hatten, und feststellte, dass diese sich im Vergleich zu früher verbessert hatten, zeigte sich auf seinem Gesicht ein zufriedenes Lächeln. + + + + Page 05 + https://readchina.github.io/comics/luxun/zuihouyicixunli/b-page-05/ + Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 + + https://readchina.github.io/comics/luxun/zuihouyicixunli/b-page-05/ + 参观到一半,鲁迅顺手翻了一本意见簿,见上面写着“艺术之光”之类的捧场话,就说:“这是‘匾’。”青年们都笑了。他们领会鲁迅深刻的含意:盲目的捧场话如同高挂在厅堂前面歌功颂德的“匾”一样,对青年人是没有好处的。 Als er sich die Ausstellung zur Hälfte angesehen hatte, blätterte Lu Xun beiläufig in einem Gästebuch zur Ausstellung. Er sah, dass darin lobende Worte wie „Der Ruhm der Kunst“ und Ähnliches eingetragen waren und sagte: „Das ist doch eine ‚Schrifttafel‘.“ Die jungen Leute lachten. Sie verstanden die tiefere Bedeutung von Lu Xuns Worten: Genau wie die Lobhudeleien einer ‚Schrifttafel‘, die hoch über dem Eingang zu einer Halle hängt, hatte blindes Lob für die jungen Leute keinerlei Nutzen. + + + + Page 06 + https://readchina.github.io/comics/luxun/zuihouyicixunli/b-page-06/ + Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 + + https://readchina.github.io/comics/luxun/zuihouyicixunli/b-page-06/ + 大家再三请鲁迅休息,他才在一张藤椅上坐下。青年们见鲁迅脸色苍白,都劝他出国疗养。鲁迅微笑着回答:“我这种人是无法休养的。不写文章就不得过。与其不工作而多活几年,倒不如赶快工作而少活几年的好。” Erst als sie ihn wiederholt gebeten hatten sich doch etwas auszuruhen, setzte sich Lu Xun auf einen Rattanstuhl. Die jungen Leute sahen die Blässe in Lu Xuns Gesicht und drängten ihn, sich doch im Ausland auszukurieren. Lu Xun lächelte und sagte: „Leute wie ich können sich nicht erholen. Ich kann gar nicht anders als zu schreiben. Lieber nicht zu arbeiten und dafür ein paar Jahre länger zu leben, das ist nicht so gut, als bei der Arbeit keine Zeit zu verlieren und dafür einige Jahre weniger zu leben. + + + + Page 07 + https://readchina.github.io/comics/luxun/zuihouyicixunli/b-page-07/ + Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 + + https://readchina.github.io/comics/luxun/zuihouyicixunli/b-page-07/ + +接着,鲁迅把话题转到木刻上。他说:“创作,我是不会的,但介绍翻印之类,也还要干下去。”青年们清楚记得,鲁迅辛勤收集翻印了许多外国进步木刻画集,馈赠给他们。那一本本精美的木刻画集,浸透了鲁迅培育青年的多少心血! Anschließend wechselte Lu Xun das Thema zu den Holzschnitten. Er sagte: „Kunstwerke erschaffen, das kann ich nicht, aber ich werde weiter Nachdrucke und Ähnliches vorstellen.“ Die jungen Leute erinnerten sich noch genau daran, dass Lu Xun in mühsamer Arbeit viele fortschrittliche Holzschnittsammlungen aus dem Ausland zusammengetragen und nachgeduckt und ihnen diese dann geschenkt hatte. Jede dieser hochwertigen Holzschnittsammlungen war durchtränkt von Lu Xuns Herzblut zur Förderung der Jugend! + + + + Page 08 + https://readchina.github.io/comics/luxun/zuihouyicixunli/b-page-08/ + Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 + + https://readchina.github.io/comics/luxun/zuihouyicixunli/b-page-08/ + 休息之后,鲁迅精神似乎好了些,又兴致勃勃地继续参观。他细心倾听着青年木刻作者的介绍,并随时提出自己的意见。鲁迅赞扬那些表现了工农群众斗争精神的作品,恳切地指出某些作品观察不深,刀法失当的缺点。 Nach der Pause ging es Lu Xun dem Anschein nach etwas besser und er setzte seinen Ausstellungsbesuch mit großer Begeisterung fort. Er hörte den Erklärungen der jungen Holzschnittkünstler aufmerksam zu und teilte ihnen immer wieder seine Ansichten dazu mit. Lu Xun lobte die Werke, die den Kampfgeist der Massen der Arbeiter und Bauern ausstrahlten, wies aber auch offen auf Mängel in einigen der Werke hin, wie etwa eine nur oberflächliche Beobachtungsgabe oder eine unzureichende Handfertigkeit beim Schnitzen. + + + + Page 09 + https://readchina.github.io/comics/luxun/zuihouyicixunli/b-page-09/ + Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 + + https://readchina.github.io/comics/luxun/zuihouyicixunli/b-page-09/ + 夜幕徐徐降临了,鲁迅这才和大家告别。青年们望着鲁迅渐渐远去的瘦弱身影,不禁想起他“横眉冷对千夫指,俯首甘为孺子牛”的著名诗句,想起他几十年的战斗历程。他们的眼眶湿润了。 Erst als langsam die Nacht hereinbrach, verabschiedete sich Lu Xun sich von allen. Und als die jungen Leute Lu Xuns schwacher und magerer Gestalt hinterherblickten, die sich nach und nach immer weiter entfernte, da mussten sie an einen berühmten Vers eines seiner Gedichte denken: „Mit grimmigem Blick biete ich tausend auf mich gerichteten Fingern die Stirn, mit gesenktem Kopf diene ich den Menschen“. Auch dachten sie an seinen jahrzehntelangen Kampf. + + + + diff --git a/public/manifest.json b/public/manifest.json new file mode 100644 index 0000000..3848b26 --- /dev/null +++ b/public/manifest.json @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +{ + "name": "Comics", + "short_name": "Comics", + "start_url": "/", + "scope": "/", + "display": "standalone", + "background_color": "#000000", + "theme_color": "#000000", + "icons": [ + { + "src": "/favicon.svg", + "sizes": "512x512" + } + ] +} diff --git a/public/mermaid.min.js b/public/mermaid.min.js new file mode 100644 index 0000000..48da6d6 --- /dev/null +++ b/public/mermaid.min.js @@ -0,0 +1,32 @@ +!function(t,e){"object"==typeof exports&&"object"==typeof module?module.exports=e():"function"==typeof define&&define.amd?define([],e):"object"==typeof exports?exports.mermaid=e():t.mermaid=e()}("undefined"!=typeof self?self:this,(function(){return function(t){var e={};function n(r){if(e[r])return e[r].exports;var i=e[r]={i:r,l:!1,exports:{}};return 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and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal + * in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights + * to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell + * copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is + * furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions: + * + * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in + * all copies or substantial portions of the Software. + * + * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR + * IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY, + * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE + * AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER + * LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, + * OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN + * THE SOFTWARE. + */ +t.exports={graphlib:n(311),dagre:n(153),intersect:n(368),render:n(370),util:n(12),version:n(382)}},function(t,e){t.exports=function(t){return t.webpackPolyfill||(t.deprecate=function(){},t.paths=[],t.children||(t.children=[]),Object.defineProperty(t,"loaded",{enumerable:!0,get:function(){return t.l}}),Object.defineProperty(t,"id",{enumerable:!0,get:function(){return t.i}}),t.webpackPolyfill=1),t}},function(t,e,n){"use strict";var r=n(4),i=n(17).Graph;function a(t,e,n,i){var a;do{a=r.uniqueId(i)}while(t.hasNode(a));return n.dummy=e,t.setNode(a,n),a}function o(t){return r.max(r.map(t.nodes(),(function(e){var n=t.node(e).rank;if(!r.isUndefined(n))return n})))}t.exports={addDummyNode:a,simplify:function(t){var 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"+(c+1)+":\n"+p.showPosition()+"\nExpecting "+S.join(", ")+", got '"+(this.terminals_[x]||x)+"'":"Parse error on line "+(c+1)+": Unexpected "+(x==f?"end of input":"'"+(this.terminals_[x]||x)+"'"),this.parseError(O,{text:p.match,token:this.terminals_[x]||x,line:p.yylineno,loc:v,expected:S})}if(w[0]instanceof Array&&w.length>1)throw new Error("Parse Error: multiple actions possible at state: "+k+", token: "+x);switch(w[0]){case 1:n.push(x),i.push(p.yytext),a.push(p.yylloc),n.push(w[1]),x=null,_?(x=_,_=null):(u=p.yyleng,s=p.yytext,c=p.yylineno,v=p.yylloc,l>0&&l--);break;case 2:if(C=this.productions_[w[1]][1],M.$=i[i.length-C],M._$={first_line:a[a.length-(C||1)].first_line,last_line:a[a.length-1].last_line,first_column:a[a.length-(C||1)].first_column,last_column:a[a.length-1].last_column},m&&(M._$.range=[a[a.length-(C||1)].range[0],a[a.length-1].range[1]]),void 0!==(E=this.performAction.apply(M,[s,u,c,g.yy,w[1],i,a].concat(d))))return E;C&&(n=n.slice(0,-1*C*2),i=i.slice(0,-1*C),a=a.slice(0,-1*C)),n.push(this.productions_[w[1]][0]),i.push(M.$),a.push(M._$),A=o[n[n.length-2]][n[n.length-1]],n.push(A);break;case 3:return!0}}return!0}},D={EOF:1,parseError:function(t,e){if(!this.yy.parser)throw new Error(t);this.yy.parser.parseError(t,e)},setInput:function(t,e){return this.yy=e||this.yy||{},this._input=t,this._more=this._backtrack=this.done=!1,this.yylineno=this.yyleng=0,this.yytext=this.matched=this.match="",this.conditionStack=["INITIAL"],this.yylloc={first_line:1,first_column:0,last_line:1,last_column:0},this.options.ranges&&(this.yylloc.range=[0,0]),this.offset=0,this},input:function(){var t=this._input[0];return this.yytext+=t,this.yyleng++,this.offset++,this.match+=t,this.matched+=t,t.match(/(?:\r\n?|\n).*/g)?(this.yylineno++,this.yylloc.last_line++):this.yylloc.last_column++,this.options.ranges&&this.yylloc.range[1]++,this._input=this._input.slice(1),t},unput:function(t){var e=t.length,n=t.split(/(?:\r\n?|\n)/g);this._input=t+this._input,this.yytext=this.yytext.substr(0,this.yytext.length-e),this.offset-=e;var r=this.match.split(/(?:\r\n?|\n)/g);this.match=this.match.substr(0,this.match.length-1),this.matched=this.matched.substr(0,this.matched.length-1),n.length-1&&(this.yylineno-=n.length-1);var i=this.yylloc.range;return this.yylloc={first_line:this.yylloc.first_line,last_line:this.yylineno+1,first_column:this.yylloc.first_column,last_column:n?(n.length===r.length?this.yylloc.first_column:0)+r[r.length-n.length].length-n[0].length:this.yylloc.first_column-e},this.options.ranges&&(this.yylloc.range=[i[0],i[0]+this.yyleng-e]),this.yyleng=this.yytext.length,this},more:function(){return this._more=!0,this},reject:function(){return this.options.backtrack_lexer?(this._backtrack=!0,this):this.parseError("Lexical error on line "+(this.yylineno+1)+". You can only invoke reject() in the lexer when the lexer is of the backtracking persuasion (options.backtrack_lexer = true).\n"+this.showPosition(),{text:"",token:null,line:this.yylineno})},less:function(t){this.unput(this.match.slice(t))},pastInput:function(){var t=this.matched.substr(0,this.matched.length-this.match.length);return(t.length>20?"...":"")+t.substr(-20).replace(/\n/g,"")},upcomingInput:function(){var t=this.match;return t.length<20&&(t+=this._input.substr(0,20-t.length)),(t.substr(0,20)+(t.length>20?"...":"")).replace(/\n/g,"")},showPosition:function(){var t=this.pastInput(),e=new Array(t.length+1).join("-");return t+this.upcomingInput()+"\n"+e+"^"},test_match:function(t,e){var n,r,i;if(this.options.backtrack_lexer&&(i={yylineno:this.yylineno,yylloc:{first_line:this.yylloc.first_line,last_line:this.last_line,first_column:this.yylloc.first_column,last_column:this.yylloc.last_column},yytext:this.yytext,match:this.match,matches:this.matches,matched:this.matched,yyleng:this.yyleng,offset:this.offset,_more:this._more,_input:this._input,yy:this.yy,conditionStack:this.conditionStack.slice(0),done:this.done},this.options.ranges&&(i.yylloc.range=this.yylloc.range.slice(0))),(r=t[0].match(/(?:\r\n?|\n).*/g))&&(this.yylineno+=r.length),this.yylloc={first_line:this.yylloc.last_line,last_line:this.yylineno+1,first_column:this.yylloc.last_column,last_column:r?r[r.length-1].length-r[r.length-1].match(/\r?\n?/)[0].length:this.yylloc.last_column+t[0].length},this.yytext+=t[0],this.match+=t[0],this.matches=t,this.yyleng=this.yytext.length,this.options.ranges&&(this.yylloc.range=[this.offset,this.offset+=this.yyleng]),this._more=!1,this._backtrack=!1,this._input=this._input.slice(t[0].length),this.matched+=t[0],n=this.performAction.call(this,this.yy,this,e,this.conditionStack[this.conditionStack.length-1]),this.done&&this._input&&(this.done=!1),n)return n;if(this._backtrack){for(var a in i)this[a]=i[a];return!1}return!1},next:function(){if(this.done)return this.EOF;var t,e,n,r;this._input||(this.done=!0),this._more||(this.yytext="",this.match="");for(var i=this._currentRules(),a=0;ae[0].length)){if(e=n,r=a,this.options.backtrack_lexer){if(!1!==(t=this.test_match(n,i[a])))return t;if(this._backtrack){e=!1;continue}return!1}if(!this.options.flex)break}return e?!1!==(t=this.test_match(e,i[r]))&&t:""===this._input?this.EOF:this.parseError("Lexical error on line "+(this.yylineno+1)+". Unrecognized text.\n"+this.showPosition(),{text:"",token:null,line:this.yylineno})},lex:function(){var t=this.next();return t||this.lex()},begin:function(t){this.conditionStack.push(t)},popState:function(){return this.conditionStack.length-1>0?this.conditionStack.pop():this.conditionStack[0]},_currentRules:function(){return this.conditionStack.length&&this.conditionStack[this.conditionStack.length-1]?this.conditions[this.conditionStack[this.conditionStack.length-1]].rules:this.conditions.INITIAL.rules},topState:function(t){return(t=this.conditionStack.length-1-Math.abs(t||0))>=0?this.conditionStack[t]:"INITIAL"},pushState:function(t){this.begin(t)},stateStackSize:function(){return this.conditionStack.length},options:{},performAction:function(t,e,n,r){switch(n){case 0:return this.begin("open_directive"),13;case 1:return this.begin("type_directive"),14;case 2:return this.popState(),this.begin("arg_directive"),11;case 3:return this.popState(),this.popState(),16;case 4:return 15;case 5:case 6:break;case 7:return 10;case 8:break;case 9:case 10:return 17;case 11:return this.begin("struct"),33;case 12:return"EOF_IN_STRUCT";case 13:return"OPEN_IN_STRUCT";case 14:return this.popState(),35;case 15:break;case 16:return"MEMBER";case 17:return 31;case 18:return 57;case 19:return 50;case 20:return 51;case 21:return 53;case 22:return 36;case 23:return 37;case 24:this.begin("generic");break;case 25:this.popState();break;case 26:return"GENERICTYPE";case 27:this.begin("string");break;case 28:this.popState();break;case 29:return"STR";case 30:this.begin("href");break;case 31:this.popState();break;case 32:return 56;case 33:this.begin("callback_name");break;case 34:this.popState();break;case 35:this.popState(),this.begin("callback_args");break;case 36:return 54;case 37:this.popState();break;case 38:return 55;case 39:case 40:case 41:case 42:return 52;case 43:case 44:return 45;case 45:case 46:return 47;case 47:return 46;case 48:return 44;case 49:return 48;case 50:return 49;case 51:return 25;case 52:return 32;case 53:return 69;case 54:return"DOT";case 55:return"PLUS";case 56:return 66;case 57:case 58:return"EQUALS";case 59:return 73;case 60:return"PUNCTUATION";case 61:return 72;case 62:return 71;case 63:return 68;case 64:return 19}},rules:[/^(?:%%\{)/,/^(?:((?:(?!\}%%)[^:.])*))/,/^(?::)/,/^(?:\}%%)/,/^(?:((?:(?!\}%%).|\n)*))/,/^(?:%%(?!\{)*[^\n]*(\r?\n?)+)/,/^(?:%%[^\n]*(\r?\n)*)/,/^(?:(\r?\n)+)/,/^(?:\s+)/,/^(?:classDiagram-v2\b)/,/^(?:classDiagram\b)/,/^(?:[{])/,/^(?:$)/,/^(?:[{])/,/^(?:[}])/,/^(?:[\n])/,/^(?:[^{}\n]*)/,/^(?:class\b)/,/^(?:cssClass\b)/,/^(?:callback\b)/,/^(?:link\b)/,/^(?:click\b)/,/^(?:<<)/,/^(?:>>)/,/^(?:[~])/,/^(?:[~])/,/^(?:[^~]*)/,/^(?:["])/,/^(?:["])/,/^(?:[^"]*)/,/^(?:href[\s]+["])/,/^(?:["])/,/^(?:[^"]*)/,/^(?:call[\s]+)/,/^(?:\([\s]*\))/,/^(?:\()/,/^(?:[^(]*)/,/^(?:\))/,/^(?:[^)]*)/,/^(?:_self\b)/,/^(?:_blank\b)/,/^(?:_parent\b)/,/^(?:_top\b)/,/^(?:\s*<\|)/,/^(?:\s*\|>)/,/^(?:\s*>)/,/^(?:\s*<)/,/^(?:\s*\*)/,/^(?:\s*o\b)/,/^(?:--)/,/^(?:\.\.)/,/^(?::{1}[^:\n;]+)/,/^(?::{3})/,/^(?:-)/,/^(?:\.)/,/^(?:\+)/,/^(?:%)/,/^(?:=)/,/^(?:=)/,/^(?:\w+)/,/^(?:[!"#$%&'*+,-.`?\\/])/,/^(?:[0-9]+)/,/^(?:[\u00AA\u00B5\u00BA\u00C0-\u00D6\u00D8-\u00F6]|[\u00F8-\u02C1\u02C6-\u02D1\u02E0-\u02E4\u02EC\u02EE\u0370-\u0374\u0376\u0377]|[\u037A-\u037D\u0386\u0388-\u038A\u038C\u038E-\u03A1\u03A3-\u03F5]|[\u03F7-\u0481\u048A-\u0527\u0531-\u0556\u0559\u0561-\u0587\u05D0-\u05EA]|[\u05F0-\u05F2\u0620-\u064A\u066E\u066F\u0671-\u06D3\u06D5\u06E5\u06E6\u06EE]|[\u06EF\u06FA-\u06FC\u06FF\u0710\u0712-\u072F\u074D-\u07A5\u07B1\u07CA-\u07EA]|[\u07F4\u07F5\u07FA\u0800-\u0815\u081A\u0824\u0828\u0840-\u0858\u08A0]|[\u08A2-\u08AC\u0904-\u0939\u093D\u0950\u0958-\u0961\u0971-\u0977]|[\u0979-\u097F\u0985-\u098C\u098F\u0990\u0993-\u09A8\u09AA-\u09B0\u09B2]|[\u09B6-\u09B9\u09BD\u09CE\u09DC\u09DD\u09DF-\u09E1\u09F0\u09F1\u0A05-\u0A0A]|[\u0A0F\u0A10\u0A13-\u0A28\u0A2A-\u0A30\u0A32\u0A33\u0A35\u0A36\u0A38\u0A39]|[\u0A59-\u0A5C\u0A5E\u0A72-\u0A74\u0A85-\u0A8D\u0A8F-\u0A91\u0A93-\u0AA8]|[\u0AAA-\u0AB0\u0AB2\u0AB3\u0AB5-\u0AB9\u0ABD\u0AD0\u0AE0\u0AE1\u0B05-\u0B0C]|[\u0B0F\u0B10\u0B13-\u0B28\u0B2A-\u0B30\u0B32\u0B33\u0B35-\u0B39\u0B3D\u0B5C]|[\u0B5D\u0B5F-\u0B61\u0B71\u0B83\u0B85-\u0B8A\u0B8E-\u0B90\u0B92-\u0B95\u0B99]|[\u0B9A\u0B9C\u0B9E\u0B9F\u0BA3\u0BA4\u0BA8-\u0BAA\u0BAE-\u0BB9\u0BD0]|[\u0C05-\u0C0C\u0C0E-\u0C10\u0C12-\u0C28\u0C2A-\u0C33\u0C35-\u0C39\u0C3D]|[\u0C58\u0C59\u0C60\u0C61\u0C85-\u0C8C\u0C8E-\u0C90\u0C92-\u0CA8\u0CAA-\u0CB3]|[\u0CB5-\u0CB9\u0CBD\u0CDE\u0CE0\u0CE1\u0CF1\u0CF2\u0D05-\u0D0C\u0D0E-\u0D10]|[\u0D12-\u0D3A\u0D3D\u0D4E\u0D60\u0D61\u0D7A-\u0D7F\u0D85-\u0D96\u0D9A-\u0DB1]|[\u0DB3-\u0DBB\u0DBD\u0DC0-\u0DC6\u0E01-\u0E30\u0E32\u0E33\u0E40-\u0E46\u0E81]|[\u0E82\u0E84\u0E87\u0E88\u0E8A\u0E8D\u0E94-\u0E97\u0E99-\u0E9F\u0EA1-\u0EA3]|[\u0EA5\u0EA7\u0EAA\u0EAB\u0EAD-\u0EB0\u0EB2\u0EB3\u0EBD\u0EC0-\u0EC4\u0EC6]|[\u0EDC-\u0EDF\u0F00\u0F40-\u0F47\u0F49-\u0F6C\u0F88-\u0F8C\u1000-\u102A]|[\u103F\u1050-\u1055\u105A-\u105D\u1061\u1065\u1066\u106E-\u1070\u1075-\u1081]|[\u108E\u10A0-\u10C5\u10C7\u10CD\u10D0-\u10FA\u10FC-\u1248\u124A-\u124D]|[\u1250-\u1256\u1258\u125A-\u125D\u1260-\u1288\u128A-\u128D\u1290-\u12B0]|[\u12B2-\u12B5\u12B8-\u12BE\u12C0\u12C2-\u12C5\u12C8-\u12D6\u12D8-\u1310]|[\u1312-\u1315\u1318-\u135A\u1380-\u138F\u13A0-\u13F4\u1401-\u166C]|[\u166F-\u167F\u1681-\u169A\u16A0-\u16EA\u1700-\u170C\u170E-\u1711]|[\u1720-\u1731\u1740-\u1751\u1760-\u176C\u176E-\u1770\u1780-\u17B3\u17D7]|[\u17DC\u1820-\u1877\u1880-\u18A8\u18AA\u18B0-\u18F5\u1900-\u191C]|[\u1950-\u196D\u1970-\u1974\u1980-\u19AB\u19C1-\u19C7\u1A00-\u1A16]|[\u1A20-\u1A54\u1AA7\u1B05-\u1B33\u1B45-\u1B4B\u1B83-\u1BA0\u1BAE\u1BAF]|[\u1BBA-\u1BE5\u1C00-\u1C23\u1C4D-\u1C4F\u1C5A-\u1C7D\u1CE9-\u1CEC]|[\u1CEE-\u1CF1\u1CF5\u1CF6\u1D00-\u1DBF\u1E00-\u1F15\u1F18-\u1F1D]|[\u1F20-\u1F45\u1F48-\u1F4D\u1F50-\u1F57\u1F59\u1F5B\u1F5D\u1F5F-\u1F7D]|[\u1F80-\u1FB4\u1FB6-\u1FBC\u1FBE\u1FC2-\u1FC4\u1FC6-\u1FCC\u1FD0-\u1FD3]|[\u1FD6-\u1FDB\u1FE0-\u1FEC\u1FF2-\u1FF4\u1FF6-\u1FFC\u2071\u207F]|[\u2090-\u209C\u2102\u2107\u210A-\u2113\u2115\u2119-\u211D\u2124\u2126\u2128]|[\u212A-\u212D\u212F-\u2139\u213C-\u213F\u2145-\u2149\u214E\u2183\u2184]|[\u2C00-\u2C2E\u2C30-\u2C5E\u2C60-\u2CE4\u2CEB-\u2CEE\u2CF2\u2CF3]|[\u2D00-\u2D25\u2D27\u2D2D\u2D30-\u2D67\u2D6F\u2D80-\u2D96\u2DA0-\u2DA6]|[\u2DA8-\u2DAE\u2DB0-\u2DB6\u2DB8-\u2DBE\u2DC0-\u2DC6\u2DC8-\u2DCE]|[\u2DD0-\u2DD6\u2DD8-\u2DDE\u2E2F\u3005\u3006\u3031-\u3035\u303B\u303C]|[\u3041-\u3096\u309D-\u309F\u30A1-\u30FA\u30FC-\u30FF\u3105-\u312D]|[\u3131-\u318E\u31A0-\u31BA\u31F0-\u31FF\u3400-\u4DB5\u4E00-\u9FCC]|[\uA000-\uA48C\uA4D0-\uA4FD\uA500-\uA60C\uA610-\uA61F\uA62A\uA62B]|[\uA640-\uA66E\uA67F-\uA697\uA6A0-\uA6E5\uA717-\uA71F\uA722-\uA788]|[\uA78B-\uA78E\uA790-\uA793\uA7A0-\uA7AA\uA7F8-\uA801\uA803-\uA805]|[\uA807-\uA80A\uA80C-\uA822\uA840-\uA873\uA882-\uA8B3\uA8F2-\uA8F7\uA8FB]|[\uA90A-\uA925\uA930-\uA946\uA960-\uA97C\uA984-\uA9B2\uA9CF\uAA00-\uAA28]|[\uAA40-\uAA42\uAA44-\uAA4B\uAA60-\uAA76\uAA7A\uAA80-\uAAAF\uAAB1\uAAB5]|[\uAAB6\uAAB9-\uAABD\uAAC0\uAAC2\uAADB-\uAADD\uAAE0-\uAAEA\uAAF2-\uAAF4]|[\uAB01-\uAB06\uAB09-\uAB0E\uAB11-\uAB16\uAB20-\uAB26\uAB28-\uAB2E]|[\uABC0-\uABE2\uAC00-\uD7A3\uD7B0-\uD7C6\uD7CB-\uD7FB\uF900-\uFA6D]|[\uFA70-\uFAD9\uFB00-\uFB06\uFB13-\uFB17\uFB1D\uFB1F-\uFB28\uFB2A-\uFB36]|[\uFB38-\uFB3C\uFB3E\uFB40\uFB41\uFB43\uFB44\uFB46-\uFBB1\uFBD3-\uFD3D]|[\uFD50-\uFD8F\uFD92-\uFDC7\uFDF0-\uFDFB\uFE70-\uFE74\uFE76-\uFEFC]|[\uFF21-\uFF3A\uFF41-\uFF5A\uFF66-\uFFBE\uFFC2-\uFFC7\uFFCA-\uFFCF]|[\uFFD2-\uFFD7\uFFDA-\uFFDC])/,/^(?:\s)/,/^(?:$)/],conditions:{arg_directive:{rules:[3,4],inclusive:!1},type_directive:{rules:[2,3],inclusive:!1},open_directive:{rules:[1],inclusive:!1},callback_args:{rules:[37,38],inclusive:!1},callback_name:{rules:[34,35,36],inclusive:!1},href:{rules:[31,32],inclusive:!1},struct:{rules:[12,13,14,15,16],inclusive:!1},generic:{rules:[25,26],inclusive:!1},string:{rules:[28,29],inclusive:!1},INITIAL:{rules:[0,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,27,30,33,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64],inclusive:!0}}};function 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See http://momentjs.com/guides/#/warnings/dst-shifted/ for more information",(function(){if(!s(this._isDSTShifted))return this._isDSTShifted;var t={};if(m(t,this),(t=me(t))._a){var e=t._isUTC?d(t._a):xe(t._a);this._isDSTShifted=this.isValid()&&0h&&S.push("'"+this.terminals_[T]+"'");O=p.showPosition?"Parse error on line "+(c+1)+":\n"+p.showPosition()+"\nExpecting "+S.join(", ")+", got '"+(this.terminals_[x]||x)+"'":"Parse error on line "+(c+1)+": Unexpected "+(x==f?"end of input":"'"+(this.terminals_[x]||x)+"'"),this.parseError(O,{text:p.match,token:this.terminals_[x]||x,line:p.yylineno,loc:v,expected:S})}if(w[0]instanceof Array&&w.length>1)throw new Error("Parse Error: multiple actions possible at state: "+k+", token: "+x);switch(w[0]){case 1:n.push(x),i.push(p.yytext),a.push(p.yylloc),n.push(w[1]),x=null,_?(x=_,_=null):(u=p.yyleng,s=p.yytext,c=p.yylineno,v=p.yylloc,l>0&&l--);break;case 2:if(C=this.productions_[w[1]][1],M.$=i[i.length-C],M._$={first_line:a[a.length-(C||1)].first_line,last_line:a[a.length-1].last_line,first_column:a[a.length-(C||1)].first_column,last_column:a[a.length-1].last_column},m&&(M._$.range=[a[a.length-(C||1)].range[0],a[a.length-1].range[1]]),void 0!==(E=this.performAction.apply(M,[s,u,c,g.yy,w[1],i,a].concat(d))))return E;C&&(n=n.slice(0,-1*C*2),i=i.slice(0,-1*C),a=a.slice(0,-1*C)),n.push(this.productions_[w[1]][0]),i.push(M.$),a.push(M._$),A=o[n[n.length-2]][n[n.length-1]],n.push(A);break;case 3:return!0}}return!0}},qt={EOF:1,parseError:function(t,e){if(!this.yy.parser)throw new Error(t);this.yy.parser.parseError(t,e)},setInput:function(t,e){return this.yy=e||this.yy||{},this._input=t,this._more=this._backtrack=this.done=!1,this.yylineno=this.yyleng=0,this.yytext=this.matched=this.match="",this.conditionStack=["INITIAL"],this.yylloc={first_line:1,first_column:0,last_line:1,last_column:0},this.options.ranges&&(this.yylloc.range=[0,0]),this.offset=0,this},input:function(){var t=this._input[0];return this.yytext+=t,this.yyleng++,this.offset++,this.match+=t,this.matched+=t,t.match(/(?:\r\n?|\n).*/g)?(this.yylineno++,this.yylloc.last_line++):this.yylloc.last_column++,this.options.ranges&&this.yylloc.range[1]++,this._input=this._input.slice(1),t},unput:function(t){var e=t.length,n=t.split(/(?:\r\n?|\n)/g);this._input=t+this._input,this.yytext=this.yytext.substr(0,this.yytext.length-e),this.offset-=e;var r=this.match.split(/(?:\r\n?|\n)/g);this.match=this.match.substr(0,this.match.length-1),this.matched=this.matched.substr(0,this.matched.length-1),n.length-1&&(this.yylineno-=n.length-1);var i=this.yylloc.range;return this.yylloc={first_line:this.yylloc.first_line,last_line:this.yylineno+1,first_column:this.yylloc.first_column,last_column:n?(n.length===r.length?this.yylloc.first_column:0)+r[r.length-n.length].length-n[0].length:this.yylloc.first_column-e},this.options.ranges&&(this.yylloc.range=[i[0],i[0]+this.yyleng-e]),this.yyleng=this.yytext.length,this},more:function(){return this._more=!0,this},reject:function(){return this.options.backtrack_lexer?(this._backtrack=!0,this):this.parseError("Lexical error on line "+(this.yylineno+1)+". 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Unrecognized text.\n"+this.showPosition(),{text:"",token:null,line:this.yylineno})},lex:function(){var t=this.next();return t||this.lex()},begin:function(t){this.conditionStack.push(t)},popState:function(){return this.conditionStack.length-1>0?this.conditionStack.pop():this.conditionStack[0]},_currentRules:function(){return this.conditionStack.length&&this.conditionStack[this.conditionStack.length-1]?this.conditions[this.conditionStack[this.conditionStack.length-1]].rules:this.conditions.INITIAL.rules},topState:function(t){return(t=this.conditionStack.length-1-Math.abs(t||0))>=0?this.conditionStack[t]:"INITIAL"},pushState:function(t){this.begin(t)},stateStackSize:function(){return this.conditionStack.length},options:{},performAction:function(t,e,n,r){switch(n){case 0:return this.begin("open_directive"),12;case 1:return this.begin("type_directive"),13;case 2:return this.popState(),this.begin("arg_directive"),10;case 3:return this.popState(),this.popState(),15;case 4:return 14;case 5:case 6:break;case 7:this.begin("string");break;case 8:this.popState();break;case 9:return"STR";case 10:return 75;case 11:return 84;case 12:return 76;case 13:return 93;case 14:return 77;case 15:return 78;case 16:this.begin("href");break;case 17:this.popState();break;case 18:return 89;case 19:this.begin("callbackname");break;case 20:this.popState();break;case 21:this.popState(),this.begin("callbackargs");break;case 22:return 87;case 23:this.popState();break;case 24:return 88;case 25:this.begin("click");break;case 26:this.popState();break;case 27:return 79;case 28:case 29:return t.lex.firstGraph()&&this.begin("dir"),24;case 30:return 38;case 31:return 42;case 32:case 33:case 34:case 35:return 90;case 36:return this.popState(),25;case 37:case 38:case 39:case 40:case 41:case 42:case 43:case 44:case 45:case 46:return this.popState(),26;case 47:return 94;case 48:return 102;case 49:return 47;case 50:return 99;case 51:return 46;case 52:return 20;case 53:return 95;case 54:return 113;case 55:case 56:case 57:return 70;case 58:case 59:case 60:return 69;case 61:return 51;case 62:return 52;case 63:return 53;case 64:return 54;case 65:return 55;case 66:return 56;case 67:return 57;case 68:return 58;case 69:return 100;case 70:return 103;case 71:return 114;case 72:return 111;case 73:return 104;case 74:case 75:return 112;case 76:return 105;case 77:return 61;case 78:return 81;case 79:return"SEP";case 80:return 80;case 81:return 98;case 82:return 63;case 83:return 62;case 84:return 65;case 85:return 64;case 86:return 109;case 87:return 110;case 88:return 71;case 89:return 49;case 90:return 50;case 91:return 40;case 92:return 41;case 93:return 59;case 94:return 60;case 95:return 120;case 96:return 21;case 97:return 22;case 98:return 23}},rules:[/^(?:%%\{)/,/^(?:((?:(?!\}%%)[^:.])*))/,/^(?::)/,/^(?:\}%%)/,/^(?:((?:(?!\}%%).|\n)*))/,/^(?:%%(?!\{)[^\n]*)/,/^(?:[^\}]%%[^\n]*)/,/^(?:["])/,/^(?:["])/,/^(?:[^"]*)/,/^(?:style\b)/,/^(?:default\b)/,/^(?:linkStyle\b)/,/^(?:interpolate\b)/,/^(?:classDef\b)/,/^(?:class\b)/,/^(?:href[\s]+["])/,/^(?:["])/,/^(?:[^"]*)/,/^(?:call[\s]+)/,/^(?:\([\s]*\))/,/^(?:\()/,/^(?:[^(]*)/,/^(?:\))/,/^(?:[^)]*)/,/^(?:click[\s]+)/,/^(?:[\s\n])/,/^(?:[^\s\n]*)/,/^(?:graph\b)/,/^(?:flowchart\b)/,/^(?:subgraph\b)/,/^(?:end\b\s*)/,/^(?:_self\b)/,/^(?:_blank\b)/,/^(?:_parent\b)/,/^(?:_top\b)/,/^(?:(\r?\n)*\s*\n)/,/^(?:\s*LR\b)/,/^(?:\s*RL\b)/,/^(?:\s*TB\b)/,/^(?:\s*BT\b)/,/^(?:\s*TD\b)/,/^(?:\s*BR\b)/,/^(?:\s*<)/,/^(?:\s*>)/,/^(?:\s*\^)/,/^(?:\s*v\b)/,/^(?:[0-9]+)/,/^(?:#)/,/^(?::::)/,/^(?::)/,/^(?:&)/,/^(?:;)/,/^(?:,)/,/^(?:\*)/,/^(?:\s*[xo<]?--+[-xo>]\s*)/,/^(?:\s*[xo<]?==+[=xo>]\s*)/,/^(?:\s*[xo<]?-?\.+-[xo>]?\s*)/,/^(?:\s*[xo<]?--\s*)/,/^(?:\s*[xo<]?==\s*)/,/^(?:\s*[xo<]?-\.\s*)/,/^(?:\(-)/,/^(?:-\))/,/^(?:\(\[)/,/^(?:\]\))/,/^(?:\[\[)/,/^(?:\]\])/,/^(?:\[\()/,/^(?:\)\])/,/^(?:-)/,/^(?:\.)/,/^(?:[\_])/,/^(?:\+)/,/^(?:%)/,/^(?:=)/,/^(?:=)/,/^(?:<)/,/^(?:>)/,/^(?:\^)/,/^(?:\\\|)/,/^(?:v\b)/,/^(?:[A-Za-z]+)/,/^(?:\\\])/,/^(?:\[\/)/,/^(?:\/\])/,/^(?:\[\\)/,/^(?:[!"#$%&'*+,-.`?\\_/])/,/^(?:[\u00AA\u00B5\u00BA\u00C0-\u00D6\u00D8-\u00F6]|[\u00F8-\u02C1\u02C6-\u02D1\u02E0-\u02E4\u02EC\u02EE\u0370-\u0374\u0376\u0377]|[\u037A-\u037D\u0386\u0388-\u038A\u038C\u038E-\u03A1\u03A3-\u03F5]|[\u03F7-\u0481\u048A-\u0527\u0531-\u0556\u0559\u0561-\u0587\u05D0-\u05EA]|[\u05F0-\u05F2\u0620-\u064A\u066E\u066F\u0671-\u06D3\u06D5\u06E5\u06E6\u06EE]|[\u06EF\u06FA-\u06FC\u06FF\u0710\u0712-\u072F\u074D-\u07A5\u07B1\u07CA-\u07EA]|[\u07F4\u07F5\u07FA\u0800-\u0815\u081A\u0824\u0828\u0840-\u0858\u08A0]|[\u08A2-\u08AC\u0904-\u0939\u093D\u0950\u0958-\u0961\u0971-\u0977]|[\u0979-\u097F\u0985-\u098C\u098F\u0990\u0993-\u09A8\u09AA-\u09B0\u09B2]|[\u09B6-\u09B9\u09BD\u09CE\u09DC\u09DD\u09DF-\u09E1\u09F0\u09F1\u0A05-\u0A0A]|[\u0A0F\u0A10\u0A13-\u0A28\u0A2A-\u0A30\u0A32\u0A33\u0A35\u0A36\u0A38\u0A39]|[\u0A59-\u0A5C\u0A5E\u0A72-\u0A74\u0A85-\u0A8D\u0A8F-\u0A91\u0A93-\u0AA8]|[\u0AAA-\u0AB0\u0AB2\u0AB3\u0AB5-\u0AB9\u0ABD\u0AD0\u0AE0\u0AE1\u0B05-\u0B0C]|[\u0B0F\u0B10\u0B13-\u0B28\u0B2A-\u0B30\u0B32\u0B33\u0B35-\u0B39\u0B3D\u0B5C]|[\u0B5D\u0B5F-\u0B61\u0B71\u0B83\u0B85-\u0B8A\u0B8E-\u0B90\u0B92-\u0B95\u0B99]|[\u0B9A\u0B9C\u0B9E\u0B9F\u0BA3\u0BA4\u0BA8-\u0BAA\u0BAE-\u0BB9\u0BD0]|[\u0C05-\u0C0C\u0C0E-\u0C10\u0C12-\u0C28\u0C2A-\u0C33\u0C35-\u0C39\u0C3D]|[\u0C58\u0C59\u0C60\u0C61\u0C85-\u0C8C\u0C8E-\u0C90\u0C92-\u0CA8\u0CAA-\u0CB3]|[\u0CB5-\u0CB9\u0CBD\u0CDE\u0CE0\u0CE1\u0CF1\u0CF2\u0D05-\u0D0C\u0D0E-\u0D10]|[\u0D12-\u0D3A\u0D3D\u0D4E\u0D60\u0D61\u0D7A-\u0D7F\u0D85-\u0D96\u0D9A-\u0DB1]|[\u0DB3-\u0DBB\u0DBD\u0DC0-\u0DC6\u0E01-\u0E30\u0E32\u0E33\u0E40-\u0E46\u0E81]|[\u0E82\u0E84\u0E87\u0E88\u0E8A\u0E8D\u0E94-\u0E97\u0E99-\u0E9F\u0EA1-\u0EA3]|[\u0EA5\u0EA7\u0EAA\u0EAB\u0EAD-\u0EB0\u0EB2\u0EB3\u0EBD\u0EC0-\u0EC4\u0EC6]|[\u0EDC-\u0EDF\u0F00\u0F40-\u0F47\u0F49-\u0F6C\u0F88-\u0F8C\u1000-\u102A]|[\u103F\u1050-\u1055\u105A-\u105D\u1061\u1065\u1066\u106E-\u1070\u1075-\u1081]|[\u108E\u10A0-\u10C5\u10C7\u10CD\u10D0-\u10FA\u10FC-\u1248\u124A-\u124D]|[\u1250-\u1256\u1258\u125A-\u125D\u1260-\u1288\u128A-\u128D\u1290-\u12B0]|[\u12B2-\u12B5\u12B8-\u12BE\u12C0\u12C2-\u12C5\u12C8-\u12D6\u12D8-\u1310]|[\u1312-\u1315\u1318-\u135A\u1380-\u138F\u13A0-\u13F4\u1401-\u166C]|[\u166F-\u167F\u1681-\u169A\u16A0-\u16EA\u1700-\u170C\u170E-\u1711]|[\u1720-\u1731\u1740-\u1751\u1760-\u176C\u176E-\u1770\u1780-\u17B3\u17D7]|[\u17DC\u1820-\u1877\u1880-\u18A8\u18AA\u18B0-\u18F5\u1900-\u191C]|[\u1950-\u196D\u1970-\u1974\u1980-\u19AB\u19C1-\u19C7\u1A00-\u1A16]|[\u1A20-\u1A54\u1AA7\u1B05-\u1B33\u1B45-\u1B4B\u1B83-\u1BA0\u1BAE\u1BAF]|[\u1BBA-\u1BE5\u1C00-\u1C23\u1C4D-\u1C4F\u1C5A-\u1C7D\u1CE9-\u1CEC]|[\u1CEE-\u1CF1\u1CF5\u1CF6\u1D00-\u1DBF\u1E00-\u1F15\u1F18-\u1F1D]|[\u1F20-\u1F45\u1F48-\u1F4D\u1F50-\u1F57\u1F59\u1F5B\u1F5D\u1F5F-\u1F7D]|[\u1F80-\u1FB4\u1FB6-\u1FBC\u1FBE\u1FC2-\u1FC4\u1FC6-\u1FCC\u1FD0-\u1FD3]|[\u1FD6-\u1FDB\u1FE0-\u1FEC\u1FF2-\u1FF4\u1FF6-\u1FFC\u2071\u207F]|[\u2090-\u209C\u2102\u2107\u210A-\u2113\u2115\u2119-\u211D\u2124\u2126\u2128]|[\u212A-\u212D\u212F-\u2139\u213C-\u213F\u2145-\u2149\u214E\u2183\u2184]|[\u2C00-\u2C2E\u2C30-\u2C5E\u2C60-\u2CE4\u2CEB-\u2CEE\u2CF2\u2CF3]|[\u2D00-\u2D25\u2D27\u2D2D\u2D30-\u2D67\u2D6F\u2D80-\u2D96\u2DA0-\u2DA6]|[\u2DA8-\u2DAE\u2DB0-\u2DB6\u2DB8-\u2DBE\u2DC0-\u2DC6\u2DC8-\u2DCE]|[\u2DD0-\u2DD6\u2DD8-\u2DDE\u2E2F\u3005\u3006\u3031-\u3035\u303B\u303C]|[\u3041-\u3096\u309D-\u309F\u30A1-\u30FA\u30FC-\u30FF\u3105-\u312D]|[\u3131-\u318E\u31A0-\u31BA\u31F0-\u31FF\u3400-\u4DB5\u4E00-\u9FCC]|[\uA000-\uA48C\uA4D0-\uA4FD\uA500-\uA60C\uA610-\uA61F\uA62A\uA62B]|[\uA640-\uA66E\uA67F-\uA697\uA6A0-\uA6E5\uA717-\uA71F\uA722-\uA788]|[\uA78B-\uA78E\uA790-\uA793\uA7A0-\uA7AA\uA7F8-\uA801\uA803-\uA805]|[\uA807-\uA80A\uA80C-\uA822\uA840-\uA873\uA882-\uA8B3\uA8F2-\uA8F7\uA8FB]|[\uA90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Xt(){this.yy={}}return Gt.lexer=qt,Xt.prototype=Gt,Gt.Parser=Xt,new Xt}();e.parser=i,e.Parser=i.Parser,e.parse=function(){return i.parse.apply(i,arguments)},e.main=function(r){r[1]||(console.log("Usage: "+r[0]+" FILE"),t.exit(1));var i=n(19).readFileSync(n(20).normalize(r[1]),"utf8");return e.parser.parse(i)},n.c[n.s]===r&&e.main(t.argv.slice(1))}).call(this,n(14),n(7)(t))},function(t,e,n){(function(t,r){var i=function(){var t=function(t,e,n,r){for(n=n||{},r=t.length;r--;n[t[r]]=e);return n},e=[1,3],n=[1,5],r=[7,9,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,20,27,32],i=[1,15],a=[1,16],o=[1,17],s=[1,18],c=[1,19],u=[1,20],l=[1,21],h=[1,23],f=[1,25],d=[1,28],p=[5,7,9,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,20,27,32],g={trace:function(){},yy:{},symbols_:{error:2,start:3,directive:4,gantt:5,document:6,EOF:7,line:8,SPACE:9,statement:10,NL:11,dateFormat:12,inclusiveEndDates:13,axisFormat:14,excludes:15,todayMarker:16,title:17,section:18,clickStatement:19,taskTxt:20,taskData:21,openDirective:22,typeDirective:23,closeDirective:24,":":25,argDirective:26,click:27,callbackname:28,callbackargs:29,href:30,clickStatementDebug:31,open_directive:32,type_directive:33,arg_directive:34,close_directive:35,$accept:0,$end:1},terminals_:{2:"error",5:"gantt",7:"EOF",9:"SPACE",11:"NL",12:"dateFormat",13:"inclusiveEndDates",14:"axisFormat",15:"excludes",16:"todayMarker",17:"title",18:"section",20:"taskTxt",21:"taskData",25:":",27:"click",28:"callbackname",29:"callbackargs",30:"href",32:"open_directive",33:"type_directive",34:"arg_directive",35:"close_directive"},productions_:[0,[3,2],[3,3],[6,0],[6,2],[8,2],[8,1],[8,1],[8,1],[10,1],[10,1],[10,1],[10,1],[10,1],[10,1],[10,1],[10,1],[10,2],[10,1],[4,4],[4,6],[19,2],[19,3],[19,3],[19,4],[19,3],[19,4],[19,2],[31,2],[31,3],[31,3],[31,4],[31,3],[31,4],[31,2],[22,1],[23,1],[26,1],[24,1]],performAction:function(t,e,n,r,i,a,o){var s=a.length-1;switch(i){case 2:return a[s-1];case 3:this.$=[];break;case 4:a[s-1].push(a[s]),this.$=a[s-1];break;case 5:case 6:this.$=a[s];break;case 7:case 8:this.$=[];break;case 9:r.setDateFormat(a[s].substr(11)),this.$=a[s].substr(11);break;case 10:r.enableInclusiveEndDates(),this.$=a[s].substr(18);break;case 11:r.setAxisFormat(a[s].substr(11)),this.$=a[s].substr(11);break;case 12:r.setExcludes(a[s].substr(9)),this.$=a[s].substr(9);break;case 13:r.setTodayMarker(a[s].substr(12)),this.$=a[s].substr(12);break;case 14:r.setTitle(a[s].substr(6)),this.$=a[s].substr(6);break;case 15:r.addSection(a[s].substr(8)),this.$=a[s].substr(8);break;case 17:r.addTask(a[s-1],a[s]),this.$="task";break;case 21:this.$=a[s-1],r.setClickEvent(a[s-1],a[s],null);break;case 22:this.$=a[s-2],r.setClickEvent(a[s-2],a[s-1],a[s]);break;case 23:this.$=a[s-2],r.setClickEvent(a[s-2],a[s-1],null),r.setLink(a[s-2],a[s]);break;case 24:this.$=a[s-3],r.setClickEvent(a[s-3],a[s-2],a[s-1]),r.setLink(a[s-3],a[s]);break;case 25:this.$=a[s-2],r.setClickEvent(a[s-2],a[s],null),r.setLink(a[s-2],a[s-1]);break;case 26:this.$=a[s-3],r.setClickEvent(a[s-3],a[s-1],a[s]),r.setLink(a[s-3],a[s-2]);break;case 27:this.$=a[s-1],r.setLink(a[s-1],a[s]);break;case 28:case 34:this.$=a[s-1]+" "+a[s];break;case 29:case 30:case 32:this.$=a[s-2]+" "+a[s-1]+" "+a[s];break;case 31:case 33:this.$=a[s-3]+" "+a[s-2]+" "+a[s-1]+" "+a[s];break;case 35:r.parseDirective("%%{","open_directive");break;case 36:r.parseDirective(a[s],"type_directive");break;case 37:a[s]=a[s].trim().replace(/'/g,'"'),r.parseDirective(a[s],"arg_directive");break;case 38:r.parseDirective("}%%","close_directive","gantt")}},table:[{3:1,4:2,5:e,22:4,32:n},{1:[3]},{3:6,4:2,5:e,22:4,32:n},t(r,[2,3],{6:7}),{23:8,33:[1,9]},{33:[2,35]},{1:[2,1]},{4:24,7:[1,10],8:11,9:[1,12],10:13,11:[1,14],12:i,13:a,14:o,15:s,16:c,17:u,18:l,19:22,20:h,22:4,27:f,32:n},{24:26,25:[1,27],35:d},t([25,35],[2,36]),t(r,[2,8],{1:[2,2]}),t(r,[2,4]),{4:24,10:29,12:i,13:a,14:o,15:s,16:c,17:u,18:l,19:22,20:h,22:4,27:f,32:n},t(r,[2,6]),t(r,[2,7]),t(r,[2,9]),t(r,[2,10]),t(r,[2,11]),t(r,[2,12]),t(r,[2,13]),t(r,[2,14]),t(r,[2,15]),t(r,[2,16]),{21:[1,30]},t(r,[2,18]),{28:[1,31],30:[1,32]},{11:[1,33]},{26:34,34:[1,35]},{11:[2,38]},t(r,[2,5]),t(r,[2,17]),t(r,[2,21],{29:[1,36],30:[1,37]}),t(r,[2,27],{28:[1,38]}),t(p,[2,19]),{24:39,35:d},{35:[2,37]},t(r,[2,22],{30:[1,40]}),t(r,[2,23]),t(r,[2,25],{29:[1,41]}),{11:[1,42]},t(r,[2,24]),t(r,[2,26]),t(p,[2,20])],defaultActions:{5:[2,35],6:[2,1],28:[2,38],35:[2,37]},parseError:function(t,e){if(!e.recoverable){var n=new Error(t);throw n.hash=e,n}this.trace(t)},parse:function(t){var e=this,n=[0],r=[],i=[null],a=[],o=this.table,s="",c=0,u=0,l=0,h=2,f=1,d=a.slice.call(arguments,1),p=Object.create(this.lexer),g={yy:{}};for(var y in this.yy)Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(this.yy,y)&&(g.yy[y]=this.yy[y]);p.setInput(t,g.yy),g.yy.lexer=p,g.yy.parser=this,void 0===p.yylloc&&(p.yylloc={});var v=p.yylloc;a.push(v);var m=p.options&&p.options.ranges;function b(){var t;return"number"!=typeof(t=r.pop()||p.lex()||f)&&(t instanceof Array&&(t=(r=t).pop()),t=e.symbols_[t]||t),t}"function"==typeof g.yy.parseError?this.parseError=g.yy.parseError:this.parseError=Object.getPrototypeOf(this).parseError;for(var x,_,k,w,E,T,C,A,S,M={};;){if(k=n[n.length-1],this.defaultActions[k]?w=this.defaultActions[k]:(null==x&&(x=b()),w=o[k]&&o[k][x]),void 0===w||!w.length||!w[0]){var O="";for(T in S=[],o[k])this.terminals_[T]&&T>h&&S.push("'"+this.terminals_[T]+"'");O=p.showPosition?"Parse error on line "+(c+1)+":\n"+p.showPosition()+"\nExpecting "+S.join(", ")+", got '"+(this.terminals_[x]||x)+"'":"Parse error on line "+(c+1)+": Unexpected "+(x==f?"end of input":"'"+(this.terminals_[x]||x)+"'"),this.parseError(O,{text:p.match,token:this.terminals_[x]||x,line:p.yylineno,loc:v,expected:S})}if(w[0]instanceof Array&&w.length>1)throw new Error("Parse Error: multiple actions possible at state: "+k+", token: "+x);switch(w[0]){case 1:n.push(x),i.push(p.yytext),a.push(p.yylloc),n.push(w[1]),x=null,_?(x=_,_=null):(u=p.yyleng,s=p.yytext,c=p.yylineno,v=p.yylloc,l>0&&l--);break;case 2:if(C=this.productions_[w[1]][1],M.$=i[i.length-C],M._$={first_line:a[a.length-(C||1)].first_line,last_line:a[a.length-1].last_line,first_column:a[a.length-(C||1)].first_column,last_column:a[a.length-1].last_column},m&&(M._$.range=[a[a.length-(C||1)].range[0],a[a.length-1].range[1]]),void 0!==(E=this.performAction.apply(M,[s,u,c,g.yy,w[1],i,a].concat(d))))return E;C&&(n=n.slice(0,-1*C*2),i=i.slice(0,-1*C),a=a.slice(0,-1*C)),n.push(this.productions_[w[1]][0]),i.push(M.$),a.push(M._$),A=o[n[n.length-2]][n[n.length-1]],n.push(A);break;case 3:return!0}}return!0}},y={EOF:1,parseError:function(t,e){if(!this.yy.parser)throw new Error(t);this.yy.parser.parseError(t,e)},setInput:function(t,e){return this.yy=e||this.yy||{},this._input=t,this._more=this._backtrack=this.done=!1,this.yylineno=this.yyleng=0,this.yytext=this.matched=this.match="",this.conditionStack=["INITIAL"],this.yylloc={first_line:1,first_column:0,last_line:1,last_column:0},this.options.ranges&&(this.yylloc.range=[0,0]),this.offset=0,this},input:function(){var t=this._input[0];return this.yytext+=t,this.yyleng++,this.offset++,this.match+=t,this.matched+=t,t.match(/(?:\r\n?|\n).*/g)?(this.yylineno++,this.yylloc.last_line++):this.yylloc.last_column++,this.options.ranges&&this.yylloc.range[1]++,this._input=this._input.slice(1),t},unput:function(t){var e=t.length,n=t.split(/(?:\r\n?|\n)/g);this._input=t+this._input,this.yytext=this.yytext.substr(0,this.yytext.length-e),this.offset-=e;var r=this.match.split(/(?:\r\n?|\n)/g);this.match=this.match.substr(0,this.match.length-1),this.matched=this.matched.substr(0,this.matched.length-1),n.length-1&&(this.yylineno-=n.length-1);var i=this.yylloc.range;return this.yylloc={first_line:this.yylloc.first_line,last_line:this.yylineno+1,first_column:this.yylloc.first_column,last_column:n?(n.length===r.length?this.yylloc.first_column:0)+r[r.length-n.length].length-n[0].length:this.yylloc.first_column-e},this.options.ranges&&(this.yylloc.range=[i[0],i[0]+this.yyleng-e]),this.yyleng=this.yytext.length,this},more:function(){return this._more=!0,this},reject:function(){return this.options.backtrack_lexer?(this._backtrack=!0,this):this.parseError("Lexical error on line "+(this.yylineno+1)+". You can only invoke reject() in the lexer when the lexer is of the backtracking persuasion (options.backtrack_lexer = true).\n"+this.showPosition(),{text:"",token:null,line:this.yylineno})},less:function(t){this.unput(this.match.slice(t))},pastInput:function(){var t=this.matched.substr(0,this.matched.length-this.match.length);return(t.length>20?"...":"")+t.substr(-20).replace(/\n/g,"")},upcomingInput:function(){var t=this.match;return t.length<20&&(t+=this._input.substr(0,20-t.length)),(t.substr(0,20)+(t.length>20?"...":"")).replace(/\n/g,"")},showPosition:function(){var t=this.pastInput(),e=new Array(t.length+1).join("-");return t+this.upcomingInput()+"\n"+e+"^"},test_match:function(t,e){var n,r,i;if(this.options.backtrack_lexer&&(i={yylineno:this.yylineno,yylloc:{first_line:this.yylloc.first_line,last_line:this.last_line,first_column:this.yylloc.first_column,last_column:this.yylloc.last_column},yytext:this.yytext,match:this.match,matches:this.matches,matched:this.matched,yyleng:this.yyleng,offset:this.offset,_more:this._more,_input:this._input,yy:this.yy,conditionStack:this.conditionStack.slice(0),done:this.done},this.options.ranges&&(i.yylloc.range=this.yylloc.range.slice(0))),(r=t[0].match(/(?:\r\n?|\n).*/g))&&(this.yylineno+=r.length),this.yylloc={first_line:this.yylloc.last_line,last_line:this.yylineno+1,first_column:this.yylloc.last_column,last_column:r?r[r.length-1].length-r[r.length-1].match(/\r?\n?/)[0].length:this.yylloc.last_column+t[0].length},this.yytext+=t[0],this.match+=t[0],this.matches=t,this.yyleng=this.yytext.length,this.options.ranges&&(this.yylloc.range=[this.offset,this.offset+=this.yyleng]),this._more=!1,this._backtrack=!1,this._input=this._input.slice(t[0].length),this.matched+=t[0],n=this.performAction.call(this,this.yy,this,e,this.conditionStack[this.conditionStack.length-1]),this.done&&this._input&&(this.done=!1),n)return n;if(this._backtrack){for(var a in i)this[a]=i[a];return!1}return!1},next:function(){if(this.done)return this.EOF;var t,e,n,r;this._input||(this.done=!0),this._more||(this.yytext="",this.match="");for(var i=this._currentRules(),a=0;ae[0].length)){if(e=n,r=a,this.options.backtrack_lexer){if(!1!==(t=this.test_match(n,i[a])))return t;if(this._backtrack){e=!1;continue}return!1}if(!this.options.flex)break}return e?!1!==(t=this.test_match(e,i[r]))&&t:""===this._input?this.EOF:this.parseError("Lexical error on line "+(this.yylineno+1)+". Unrecognized text.\n"+this.showPosition(),{text:"",token:null,line:this.yylineno})},lex:function(){var t=this.next();return t||this.lex()},begin:function(t){this.conditionStack.push(t)},popState:function(){return this.conditionStack.length-1>0?this.conditionStack.pop():this.conditionStack[0]},_currentRules:function(){return this.conditionStack.length&&this.conditionStack[this.conditionStack.length-1]?this.conditions[this.conditionStack[this.conditionStack.length-1]].rules:this.conditions.INITIAL.rules},topState:function(t){return(t=this.conditionStack.length-1-Math.abs(t||0))>=0?this.conditionStack[t]:"INITIAL"},pushState:function(t){this.begin(t)},stateStackSize:function(){return this.conditionStack.length},options:{"case-insensitive":!0},performAction:function(t,e,n,r){switch(n){case 0:return this.begin("open_directive"),32;case 1:return this.begin("type_directive"),33;case 2:return this.popState(),this.begin("arg_directive"),25;case 3:return this.popState(),this.popState(),35;case 4:return 34;case 5:case 6:case 7:break;case 8:return 11;case 9:case 10:case 11:break;case 12:this.begin("href");break;case 13:this.popState();break;case 14:return 30;case 15:this.begin("callbackname");break;case 16:this.popState();break;case 17:this.popState(),this.begin("callbackargs");break;case 18:return 28;case 19:this.popState();break;case 20:return 29;case 21:this.begin("click");break;case 22:this.popState();break;case 23:return 27;case 24:return 5;case 25:return 12;case 26:return 13;case 27:return 14;case 28:return 15;case 29:return 16;case 30:return"date";case 31:return 17;case 32:return 18;case 33:return 20;case 34:return 21;case 35:return 25;case 36:return 7;case 37:return"INVALID"}},rules:[/^(?:%%\{)/i,/^(?:((?:(?!\}%%)[^:.])*))/i,/^(?::)/i,/^(?:\}%%)/i,/^(?:((?:(?!\}%%).|\n)*))/i,/^(?:%%(?!\{)*[^\n]*)/i,/^(?:[^\}]%%*[^\n]*)/i,/^(?:%%*[^\n]*[\n]*)/i,/^(?:[\n]+)/i,/^(?:\s+)/i,/^(?:#[^\n]*)/i,/^(?:%[^\n]*)/i,/^(?:href[\s]+["])/i,/^(?:["])/i,/^(?:[^"]*)/i,/^(?:call[\s]+)/i,/^(?:\([\s]*\))/i,/^(?:\()/i,/^(?:[^(]*)/i,/^(?:\))/i,/^(?:[^)]*)/i,/^(?:click[\s]+)/i,/^(?:[\s\n])/i,/^(?:[^\s\n]*)/i,/^(?:gantt\b)/i,/^(?:dateFormat\s[^#\n;]+)/i,/^(?:inclusiveEndDates\b)/i,/^(?:axisFormat\s[^#\n;]+)/i,/^(?:excludes\s[^#\n;]+)/i,/^(?:todayMarker\s[^\n;]+)/i,/^(?:\d\d\d\d-\d\d-\d\d\b)/i,/^(?:title\s[^#\n;]+)/i,/^(?:section\s[^#:\n;]+)/i,/^(?:[^#:\n;]+)/i,/^(?::[^#\n;]+)/i,/^(?::)/i,/^(?:$)/i,/^(?:.)/i],conditions:{close_directive:{rules:[],inclusive:!1},arg_directive:{rules:[3,4],inclusive:!1},type_directive:{rules:[2,3],inclusive:!1},open_directive:{rules:[1],inclusive:!1},callbackargs:{rules:[19,20],inclusive:!1},callbackname:{rules:[16,17,18],inclusive:!1},href:{rules:[13,14],inclusive:!1},click:{rules:[22,23],inclusive:!1},INITIAL:{rules:[0,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,15,21,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37],inclusive:!0}}};function v(){this.yy={}}return g.lexer=y,v.prototype=g,g.Parser=v,new v}();e.parser=i,e.Parser=i.Parser,e.parse=function(){return i.parse.apply(i,arguments)},e.main=function(r){r[1]||(console.log("Usage: "+r[0]+" FILE"),t.exit(1));var i=n(19).readFileSync(n(20).normalize(r[1]),"utf8");return e.parser.parse(i)},n.c[n.s]===r&&e.main(t.argv.slice(1))}).call(this,n(14),n(7)(t))},function(t,e,n){(function(t,r){var i=function(){var t=function(t,e,n,r){for(n=n||{},r=t.length;r--;n[t[r]]=e);return 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21:r.count+=1}},table:[{3:1,4:[1,2]},{1:[3]},{5:[1,3],8:[1,4]},{6:5,7:e,9:6,12:n},{5:[1,8]},{7:[1,9]},t(r,[2,7],{10:10,11:[1,11]}),t(i,[2,6]),{6:12,7:e,9:6,12:n},{1:[2,1]},{7:[2,4],12:[1,15],13:13,14:14,15:[1,16],17:[1,17],19:[1,18],20:[1,19],21:[1,20]},t(i,[2,5]),{7:[1,21]},t(r,[2,8]),{12:[1,22]},t(r,[2,10]),{12:[2,16],16:23,23:[1,24]},{18:[1,25]},{18:[1,26]},{18:[1,27]},{18:[1,30],22:28,24:[1,29]},{1:[2,2]},t(r,[2,9]),{12:[2,11]},{12:[2,17]},{12:[2,12]},{12:[2,13]},{12:[2,14]},{12:[2,15]},{12:a,25:31,26:o},{12:a,25:33,26:o},{12:[2,18]},{12:a,25:34,26:o},{12:[2,19]},{12:[2,21]}],defaultActions:{9:[2,1],21:[2,2],23:[2,11],24:[2,17],25:[2,12],26:[2,13],27:[2,14],28:[2,15],31:[2,18],33:[2,19],34:[2,21]},parseError:function(t,e){if(!e.recoverable){var n=new Error(t);throw n.hash=e,n}this.trace(t)},parse:function(t){var e=this,n=[0],r=[],i=[null],a=[],o=this.table,s="",c=0,u=0,l=0,h=2,f=1,d=a.slice.call(arguments,1),p=Object.create(this.lexer),g={yy:{}};for(var y in this.yy)Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(this.yy,y)&&(g.yy[y]=this.yy[y]);p.setInput(t,g.yy),g.yy.lexer=p,g.yy.parser=this,void 0===p.yylloc&&(p.yylloc={});var v=p.yylloc;a.push(v);var m=p.options&&p.options.ranges;function b(){var t;return"number"!=typeof(t=r.pop()||p.lex()||f)&&(t instanceof Array&&(t=(r=t).pop()),t=e.symbols_[t]||t),t}"function"==typeof g.yy.parseError?this.parseError=g.yy.parseError:this.parseError=Object.getPrototypeOf(this).parseError;for(var x,_,k,w,E,T,C,A,S,M={};;){if(k=n[n.length-1],this.defaultActions[k]?w=this.defaultActions[k]:(null==x&&(x=b()),w=o[k]&&o[k][x]),void 0===w||!w.length||!w[0]){var O="";for(T in S=[],o[k])this.terminals_[T]&&T>h&&S.push("'"+this.terminals_[T]+"'");O=p.showPosition?"Parse error on line "+(c+1)+":\n"+p.showPosition()+"\nExpecting "+S.join(", ")+", got '"+(this.terminals_[x]||x)+"'":"Parse error on line "+(c+1)+": Unexpected "+(x==f?"end of input":"'"+(this.terminals_[x]||x)+"'"),this.parseError(O,{text:p.match,token:this.terminals_[x]||x,line:p.yylineno,loc:v,expected:S})}if(w[0]instanceof Array&&w.length>1)throw new Error("Parse Error: multiple actions possible at state: "+k+", token: "+x);switch(w[0]){case 1:n.push(x),i.push(p.yytext),a.push(p.yylloc),n.push(w[1]),x=null,_?(x=_,_=null):(u=p.yyleng,s=p.yytext,c=p.yylineno,v=p.yylloc,l>0&&l--);break;case 2:if(C=this.productions_[w[1]][1],M.$=i[i.length-C],M._$={first_line:a[a.length-(C||1)].first_line,last_line:a[a.length-1].last_line,first_column:a[a.length-(C||1)].first_column,last_column:a[a.length-1].last_column},m&&(M._$.range=[a[a.length-(C||1)].range[0],a[a.length-1].range[1]]),void 0!==(E=this.performAction.apply(M,[s,u,c,g.yy,w[1],i,a].concat(d))))return E;C&&(n=n.slice(0,-1*C*2),i=i.slice(0,-1*C),a=a.slice(0,-1*C)),n.push(this.productions_[w[1]][0]),i.push(M.$),a.push(M._$),A=o[n[n.length-2]][n[n.length-1]],n.push(A);break;case 3:return!0}}return!0}},c={EOF:1,parseError:function(t,e){if(!this.yy.parser)throw new Error(t);this.yy.parser.parseError(t,e)},setInput:function(t,e){return this.yy=e||this.yy||{},this._input=t,this._more=this._backtrack=this.done=!1,this.yylineno=this.yyleng=0,this.yytext=this.matched=this.match="",this.conditionStack=["INITIAL"],this.yylloc={first_line:1,first_column:0,last_line:1,last_column:0},this.options.ranges&&(this.yylloc.range=[0,0]),this.offset=0,this},input:function(){var t=this._input[0];return this.yytext+=t,this.yyleng++,this.offset++,this.match+=t,this.matched+=t,t.match(/(?:\r\n?|\n).*/g)?(this.yylineno++,this.yylloc.last_line++):this.yylloc.last_column++,this.options.ranges&&this.yylloc.range[1]++,this._input=this._input.slice(1),t},unput:function(t){var e=t.length,n=t.split(/(?:\r\n?|\n)/g);this._input=t+this._input,this.yytext=this.yytext.substr(0,this.yytext.length-e),this.offset-=e;var r=this.match.split(/(?:\r\n?|\n)/g);this.match=this.match.substr(0,this.match.length-1),this.matched=this.matched.substr(0,this.matched.length-1),n.length-1&&(this.yylineno-=n.length-1);var i=this.yylloc.range;return this.yylloc={first_line:this.yylloc.first_line,last_line:this.yylineno+1,first_column:this.yylloc.first_column,last_column:n?(n.length===r.length?this.yylloc.first_column:0)+r[r.length-n.length].length-n[0].length:this.yylloc.first_column-e},this.options.ranges&&(this.yylloc.range=[i[0],i[0]+this.yyleng-e]),this.yyleng=this.yytext.length,this},more:function(){return this._more=!0,this},reject:function(){return this.options.backtrack_lexer?(this._backtrack=!0,this):this.parseError("Lexical error on line "+(this.yylineno+1)+". You can only invoke reject() in the lexer when the lexer is of the backtracking persuasion (options.backtrack_lexer = true).\n"+this.showPosition(),{text:"",token:null,line:this.yylineno})},less:function(t){this.unput(this.match.slice(t))},pastInput:function(){var t=this.matched.substr(0,this.matched.length-this.match.length);return(t.length>20?"...":"")+t.substr(-20).replace(/\n/g,"")},upcomingInput:function(){var t=this.match;return t.length<20&&(t+=this._input.substr(0,20-t.length)),(t.substr(0,20)+(t.length>20?"...":"")).replace(/\n/g,"")},showPosition:function(){var t=this.pastInput(),e=new Array(t.length+1).join("-");return t+this.upcomingInput()+"\n"+e+"^"},test_match:function(t,e){var n,r,i;if(this.options.backtrack_lexer&&(i={yylineno:this.yylineno,yylloc:{first_line:this.yylloc.first_line,last_line:this.last_line,first_column:this.yylloc.first_column,last_column:this.yylloc.last_column},yytext:this.yytext,match:this.match,matches:this.matches,matched:this.matched,yyleng:this.yyleng,offset:this.offset,_more:this._more,_input:this._input,yy:this.yy,conditionStack:this.conditionStack.slice(0),done:this.done},this.options.ranges&&(i.yylloc.range=this.yylloc.range.slice(0))),(r=t[0].match(/(?:\r\n?|\n).*/g))&&(this.yylineno+=r.length),this.yylloc={first_line:this.yylloc.last_line,last_line:this.yylineno+1,first_column:this.yylloc.last_column,last_column:r?r[r.length-1].length-r[r.length-1].match(/\r?\n?/)[0].length:this.yylloc.last_column+t[0].length},this.yytext+=t[0],this.match+=t[0],this.matches=t,this.yyleng=this.yytext.length,this.options.ranges&&(this.yylloc.range=[this.offset,this.offset+=this.yyleng]),this._more=!1,this._backtrack=!1,this._input=this._input.slice(t[0].length),this.matched+=t[0],n=this.performAction.call(this,this.yy,this,e,this.conditionStack[this.conditionStack.length-1]),this.done&&this._input&&(this.done=!1),n)return n;if(this._backtrack){for(var a in i)this[a]=i[a];return!1}return!1},next:function(){if(this.done)return this.EOF;var t,e,n,r;this._input||(this.done=!0),this._more||(this.yytext="",this.match="");for(var i=this._currentRules(),a=0;ae[0].length)){if(e=n,r=a,this.options.backtrack_lexer){if(!1!==(t=this.test_match(n,i[a])))return t;if(this._backtrack){e=!1;continue}return!1}if(!this.options.flex)break}return e?!1!==(t=this.test_match(e,i[r]))&&t:""===this._input?this.EOF:this.parseError("Lexical error on line "+(this.yylineno+1)+". Unrecognized text.\n"+this.showPosition(),{text:"",token:null,line:this.yylineno})},lex:function(){var t=this.next();return t||this.lex()},begin:function(t){this.conditionStack.push(t)},popState:function(){return this.conditionStack.length-1>0?this.conditionStack.pop():this.conditionStack[0]},_currentRules:function(){return this.conditionStack.length&&this.conditionStack[this.conditionStack.length-1]?this.conditions[this.conditionStack[this.conditionStack.length-1]].rules:this.conditions.INITIAL.rules},topState:function(t){return(t=this.conditionStack.length-1-Math.abs(t||0))>=0?this.conditionStack[t]:"INITIAL"},pushState:function(t){this.begin(t)},stateStackSize:function(){return this.conditionStack.length},options:{"case-insensitive":!0},performAction:function(t,e,n,r){switch(n){case 0:return 12;case 1:case 2:case 3:break;case 4:return 4;case 5:return 15;case 6:return 17;case 7:return 20;case 8:return 21;case 9:return 19;case 10:case 11:return 8;case 12:return 5;case 13:return 26;case 14:this.begin("options");break;case 15:this.popState();break;case 16:return 11;case 17:this.begin("string");break;case 18:this.popState();break;case 19:return 23;case 20:return 18;case 21:return 7}},rules:[/^(?:(\r?\n)+)/i,/^(?:\s+)/i,/^(?:#[^\n]*)/i,/^(?:%[^\n]*)/i,/^(?:gitGraph\b)/i,/^(?:commit\b)/i,/^(?:branch\b)/i,/^(?:merge\b)/i,/^(?:reset\b)/i,/^(?:checkout\b)/i,/^(?:LR\b)/i,/^(?:BT\b)/i,/^(?::)/i,/^(?:\^)/i,/^(?:options\r?\n)/i,/^(?:end\r?\n)/i,/^(?:[^\n]+\r?\n)/i,/^(?:["])/i,/^(?:["])/i,/^(?:[^"]*)/i,/^(?:[a-zA-Z][-_\.a-zA-Z0-9]*[-_a-zA-Z0-9])/i,/^(?:$)/i],conditions:{options:{rules:[15,16],inclusive:!1},string:{rules:[18,19],inclusive:!1},INITIAL:{rules:[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,17,20,21],inclusive:!0}}};function u(){this.yy={}}return s.lexer=c,u.prototype=s,s.Parser=u,new u}();e.parser=i,e.Parser=i.Parser,e.parse=function(){return i.parse.apply(i,arguments)},e.main=function(r){r[1]||(console.log("Usage: "+r[0]+" FILE"),t.exit(1));var i=n(19).readFileSync(n(20).normalize(r[1]),"utf8");return e.parser.parse(i)},n.c[n.s]===r&&e.main(t.argv.slice(1))}).call(this,n(14),n(7)(t))},function(t,e,n){(function(t,r){var i=function(){var t=function(t,e,n,r){for(n=n||{},r=t.length;r--;n[t[r]]=e);return n},e=[6,9,10],n={trace:function(){},yy:{},symbols_:{error:2,start:3,info:4,document:5,EOF:6,line:7,statement:8,NL:9,showInfo:10,$accept:0,$end:1},terminals_:{2:"error",4:"info",6:"EOF",9:"NL",10:"showInfo"},productions_:[0,[3,3],[5,0],[5,2],[7,1],[7,1],[8,1]],performAction:function(t,e,n,r,i,a,o){a.length;switch(i){case 1:return r;case 4:break;case 6:r.setInfo(!0)}},table:[{3:1,4:[1,2]},{1:[3]},t(e,[2,2],{5:3}),{6:[1,4],7:5,8:6,9:[1,7],10:[1,8]},{1:[2,1]},t(e,[2,3]),t(e,[2,4]),t(e,[2,5]),t(e,[2,6])],defaultActions:{4:[2,1]},parseError:function(t,e){if(!e.recoverable){var n=new Error(t);throw n.hash=e,n}this.trace(t)},parse:function(t){var e=this,n=[0],r=[],i=[null],a=[],o=this.table,s="",c=0,u=0,l=0,h=2,f=1,d=a.slice.call(arguments,1),p=Object.create(this.lexer),g={yy:{}};for(var y in this.yy)Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(this.yy,y)&&(g.yy[y]=this.yy[y]);p.setInput(t,g.yy),g.yy.lexer=p,g.yy.parser=this,void 0===p.yylloc&&(p.yylloc={});var v=p.yylloc;a.push(v);var m=p.options&&p.options.ranges;function b(){var t;return"number"!=typeof(t=r.pop()||p.lex()||f)&&(t instanceof Array&&(t=(r=t).pop()),t=e.symbols_[t]||t),t}"function"==typeof g.yy.parseError?this.parseError=g.yy.parseError:this.parseError=Object.getPrototypeOf(this).parseError;for(var x,_,k,w,E,T,C,A,S,M={};;){if(k=n[n.length-1],this.defaultActions[k]?w=this.defaultActions[k]:(null==x&&(x=b()),w=o[k]&&o[k][x]),void 0===w||!w.length||!w[0]){var O="";for(T in S=[],o[k])this.terminals_[T]&&T>h&&S.push("'"+this.terminals_[T]+"'");O=p.showPosition?"Parse error on line "+(c+1)+":\n"+p.showPosition()+"\nExpecting "+S.join(", ")+", got '"+(this.terminals_[x]||x)+"'":"Parse error on line "+(c+1)+": Unexpected "+(x==f?"end of input":"'"+(this.terminals_[x]||x)+"'"),this.parseError(O,{text:p.match,token:this.terminals_[x]||x,line:p.yylineno,loc:v,expected:S})}if(w[0]instanceof Array&&w.length>1)throw new Error("Parse Error: multiple actions possible at state: "+k+", token: "+x);switch(w[0]){case 1:n.push(x),i.push(p.yytext),a.push(p.yylloc),n.push(w[1]),x=null,_?(x=_,_=null):(u=p.yyleng,s=p.yytext,c=p.yylineno,v=p.yylloc,l>0&&l--);break;case 2:if(C=this.productions_[w[1]][1],M.$=i[i.length-C],M._$={first_line:a[a.length-(C||1)].first_line,last_line:a[a.length-1].last_line,first_column:a[a.length-(C||1)].first_column,last_column:a[a.length-1].last_column},m&&(M._$.range=[a[a.length-(C||1)].range[0],a[a.length-1].range[1]]),void 0!==(E=this.performAction.apply(M,[s,u,c,g.yy,w[1],i,a].concat(d))))return E;C&&(n=n.slice(0,-1*C*2),i=i.slice(0,-1*C),a=a.slice(0,-1*C)),n.push(this.productions_[w[1]][0]),i.push(M.$),a.push(M._$),A=o[n[n.length-2]][n[n.length-1]],n.push(A);break;case 3:return!0}}return!0}},r={EOF:1,parseError:function(t,e){if(!this.yy.parser)throw new Error(t);this.yy.parser.parseError(t,e)},setInput:function(t,e){return this.yy=e||this.yy||{},this._input=t,this._more=this._backtrack=this.done=!1,this.yylineno=this.yyleng=0,this.yytext=this.matched=this.match="",this.conditionStack=["INITIAL"],this.yylloc={first_line:1,first_column:0,last_line:1,last_column:0},this.options.ranges&&(this.yylloc.range=[0,0]),this.offset=0,this},input:function(){var t=this._input[0];return this.yytext+=t,this.yyleng++,this.offset++,this.match+=t,this.matched+=t,t.match(/(?:\r\n?|\n).*/g)?(this.yylineno++,this.yylloc.last_line++):this.yylloc.last_column++,this.options.ranges&&this.yylloc.range[1]++,this._input=this._input.slice(1),t},unput:function(t){var e=t.length,n=t.split(/(?:\r\n?|\n)/g);this._input=t+this._input,this.yytext=this.yytext.substr(0,this.yytext.length-e),this.offset-=e;var r=this.match.split(/(?:\r\n?|\n)/g);this.match=this.match.substr(0,this.match.length-1),this.matched=this.matched.substr(0,this.matched.length-1),n.length-1&&(this.yylineno-=n.length-1);var i=this.yylloc.range;return this.yylloc={first_line:this.yylloc.first_line,last_line:this.yylineno+1,first_column:this.yylloc.first_column,last_column:n?(n.length===r.length?this.yylloc.first_column:0)+r[r.length-n.length].length-n[0].length:this.yylloc.first_column-e},this.options.ranges&&(this.yylloc.range=[i[0],i[0]+this.yyleng-e]),this.yyleng=this.yytext.length,this},more:function(){return this._more=!0,this},reject:function(){return this.options.backtrack_lexer?(this._backtrack=!0,this):this.parseError("Lexical error on line "+(this.yylineno+1)+". You can only invoke reject() in the lexer when the lexer is of the backtracking persuasion (options.backtrack_lexer = true).\n"+this.showPosition(),{text:"",token:null,line:this.yylineno})},less:function(t){this.unput(this.match.slice(t))},pastInput:function(){var t=this.matched.substr(0,this.matched.length-this.match.length);return(t.length>20?"...":"")+t.substr(-20).replace(/\n/g,"")},upcomingInput:function(){var t=this.match;return t.length<20&&(t+=this._input.substr(0,20-t.length)),(t.substr(0,20)+(t.length>20?"...":"")).replace(/\n/g,"")},showPosition:function(){var t=this.pastInput(),e=new Array(t.length+1).join("-");return t+this.upcomingInput()+"\n"+e+"^"},test_match:function(t,e){var n,r,i;if(this.options.backtrack_lexer&&(i={yylineno:this.yylineno,yylloc:{first_line:this.yylloc.first_line,last_line:this.last_line,first_column:this.yylloc.first_column,last_column:this.yylloc.last_column},yytext:this.yytext,match:this.match,matches:this.matches,matched:this.matched,yyleng:this.yyleng,offset:this.offset,_more:this._more,_input:this._input,yy:this.yy,conditionStack:this.conditionStack.slice(0),done:this.done},this.options.ranges&&(i.yylloc.range=this.yylloc.range.slice(0))),(r=t[0].match(/(?:\r\n?|\n).*/g))&&(this.yylineno+=r.length),this.yylloc={first_line:this.yylloc.last_line,last_line:this.yylineno+1,first_column:this.yylloc.last_column,last_column:r?r[r.length-1].length-r[r.length-1].match(/\r?\n?/)[0].length:this.yylloc.last_column+t[0].length},this.yytext+=t[0],this.match+=t[0],this.matches=t,this.yyleng=this.yytext.length,this.options.ranges&&(this.yylloc.range=[this.offset,this.offset+=this.yyleng]),this._more=!1,this._backtrack=!1,this._input=this._input.slice(t[0].length),this.matched+=t[0],n=this.performAction.call(this,this.yy,this,e,this.conditionStack[this.conditionStack.length-1]),this.done&&this._input&&(this.done=!1),n)return n;if(this._backtrack){for(var a in i)this[a]=i[a];return!1}return!1},next:function(){if(this.done)return this.EOF;var t,e,n,r;this._input||(this.done=!0),this._more||(this.yytext="",this.match="");for(var i=this._currentRules(),a=0;ae[0].length)){if(e=n,r=a,this.options.backtrack_lexer){if(!1!==(t=this.test_match(n,i[a])))return t;if(this._backtrack){e=!1;continue}return!1}if(!this.options.flex)break}return e?!1!==(t=this.test_match(e,i[r]))&&t:""===this._input?this.EOF:this.parseError("Lexical error on line "+(this.yylineno+1)+". Unrecognized text.\n"+this.showPosition(),{text:"",token:null,line:this.yylineno})},lex:function(){var t=this.next();return t||this.lex()},begin:function(t){this.conditionStack.push(t)},popState:function(){return this.conditionStack.length-1>0?this.conditionStack.pop():this.conditionStack[0]},_currentRules:function(){return this.conditionStack.length&&this.conditionStack[this.conditionStack.length-1]?this.conditions[this.conditionStack[this.conditionStack.length-1]].rules:this.conditions.INITIAL.rules},topState:function(t){return(t=this.conditionStack.length-1-Math.abs(t||0))>=0?this.conditionStack[t]:"INITIAL"},pushState:function(t){this.begin(t)},stateStackSize:function(){return this.conditionStack.length},options:{"case-insensitive":!0},performAction:function(t,e,n,r){switch(n){case 0:return 4;case 1:return 9;case 2:return"space";case 3:return 10;case 4:return 6;case 5:return"TXT"}},rules:[/^(?:info\b)/i,/^(?:[\s\n\r]+)/i,/^(?:[\s]+)/i,/^(?:showInfo\b)/i,/^(?:$)/i,/^(?:.)/i],conditions:{INITIAL:{rules:[0,1,2,3,4,5],inclusive:!0}}};function i(){this.yy={}}return n.lexer=r,i.prototype=n,n.Parser=i,new i}();e.parser=i,e.Parser=i.Parser,e.parse=function(){return i.parse.apply(i,arguments)},e.main=function(r){r[1]||(console.log("Usage: "+r[0]+" FILE"),t.exit(1));var i=n(19).readFileSync(n(20).normalize(r[1]),"utf8");return e.parser.parse(i)},n.c[n.s]===r&&e.main(t.argv.slice(1))}).call(this,n(14),n(7)(t))},function(t,e,n){(function(t,r){var i=function(){var t=function(t,e,n,r){for(n=n||{},r=t.length;r--;n[t[r]]=e);return n},e=[1,4],n=[1,5],r=[1,6],i=[1,7],a=[1,9],o=[1,10,12,19,20,21,22],s=[1,6,10,12,19,20,21,22],c=[19,20,21],u=[1,22],l=[6,19,20,21,22],h={trace:function(){},yy:{},symbols_:{error:2,start:3,eol:4,directive:5,PIE:6,document:7,line:8,statement:9,txt:10,value:11,title:12,title_value:13,openDirective:14,typeDirective:15,closeDirective:16,":":17,argDirective:18,NEWLINE:19,";":20,EOF:21,open_directive:22,type_directive:23,arg_directive:24,close_directive:25,$accept:0,$end:1},terminals_:{2:"error",6:"PIE",10:"txt",11:"value",12:"title",13:"title_value",17:":",19:"NEWLINE",20:";",21:"EOF",22:"open_directive",23:"type_directive",24:"arg_directive",25:"close_directive"},productions_:[0,[3,2],[3,2],[3,2],[7,0],[7,2],[8,2],[9,0],[9,2],[9,2],[9,1],[5,3],[5,5],[4,1],[4,1],[4,1],[14,1],[15,1],[18,1],[16,1]],performAction:function(t,e,n,r,i,a,o){var s=a.length-1;switch(i){case 6:this.$=a[s-1];break;case 8:r.addSection(a[s-1],r.cleanupValue(a[s]));break;case 9:this.$=a[s].trim(),r.setTitle(this.$);break;case 16:r.parseDirective("%%{","open_directive");break;case 17:r.parseDirective(a[s],"type_directive");break;case 18:a[s]=a[s].trim().replace(/'/g,'"'),r.parseDirective(a[s],"arg_directive");break;case 19:r.parseDirective("}%%","close_directive","pie")}},table:[{3:1,4:2,5:3,6:e,14:8,19:n,20:r,21:i,22:a},{1:[3]},{3:10,4:2,5:3,6:e,14:8,19:n,20:r,21:i,22:a},{3:11,4:2,5:3,6:e,14:8,19:n,20:r,21:i,22:a},t(o,[2,4],{7:12}),t(s,[2,13]),t(s,[2,14]),t(s,[2,15]),{15:13,23:[1,14]},{23:[2,16]},{1:[2,1]},{1:[2,2]},t(c,[2,7],{14:8,8:15,9:16,5:19,1:[2,3],10:[1,17],12:[1,18],22:a}),{16:20,17:[1,21],25:u},t([17,25],[2,17]),t(o,[2,5]),{4:23,19:n,20:r,21:i},{11:[1,24]},{13:[1,25]},t(c,[2,10]),t(l,[2,11]),{18:26,24:[1,27]},t(l,[2,19]),t(o,[2,6]),t(c,[2,8]),t(c,[2,9]),{16:28,25:u},{25:[2,18]},t(l,[2,12])],defaultActions:{9:[2,16],10:[2,1],11:[2,2],27:[2,18]},parseError:function(t,e){if(!e.recoverable){var n=new Error(t);throw n.hash=e,n}this.trace(t)},parse:function(t){var e=this,n=[0],r=[],i=[null],a=[],o=this.table,s="",c=0,u=0,l=0,h=2,f=1,d=a.slice.call(arguments,1),p=Object.create(this.lexer),g={yy:{}};for(var y in this.yy)Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(this.yy,y)&&(g.yy[y]=this.yy[y]);p.setInput(t,g.yy),g.yy.lexer=p,g.yy.parser=this,void 0===p.yylloc&&(p.yylloc={});var v=p.yylloc;a.push(v);var m=p.options&&p.options.ranges;function b(){var t;return"number"!=typeof(t=r.pop()||p.lex()||f)&&(t instanceof Array&&(t=(r=t).pop()),t=e.symbols_[t]||t),t}"function"==typeof g.yy.parseError?this.parseError=g.yy.parseError:this.parseError=Object.getPrototypeOf(this).parseError;for(var x,_,k,w,E,T,C,A,S,M={};;){if(k=n[n.length-1],this.defaultActions[k]?w=this.defaultActions[k]:(null==x&&(x=b()),w=o[k]&&o[k][x]),void 0===w||!w.length||!w[0]){var O="";for(T in S=[],o[k])this.terminals_[T]&&T>h&&S.push("'"+this.terminals_[T]+"'");O=p.showPosition?"Parse error on line "+(c+1)+":\n"+p.showPosition()+"\nExpecting "+S.join(", ")+", got '"+(this.terminals_[x]||x)+"'":"Parse error on line "+(c+1)+": Unexpected "+(x==f?"end of input":"'"+(this.terminals_[x]||x)+"'"),this.parseError(O,{text:p.match,token:this.terminals_[x]||x,line:p.yylineno,loc:v,expected:S})}if(w[0]instanceof Array&&w.length>1)throw new Error("Parse Error: multiple actions possible at state: "+k+", token: "+x);switch(w[0]){case 1:n.push(x),i.push(p.yytext),a.push(p.yylloc),n.push(w[1]),x=null,_?(x=_,_=null):(u=p.yyleng,s=p.yytext,c=p.yylineno,v=p.yylloc,l>0&&l--);break;case 2:if(C=this.productions_[w[1]][1],M.$=i[i.length-C],M._$={first_line:a[a.length-(C||1)].first_line,last_line:a[a.length-1].last_line,first_column:a[a.length-(C||1)].first_column,last_column:a[a.length-1].last_column},m&&(M._$.range=[a[a.length-(C||1)].range[0],a[a.length-1].range[1]]),void 0!==(E=this.performAction.apply(M,[s,u,c,g.yy,w[1],i,a].concat(d))))return E;C&&(n=n.slice(0,-1*C*2),i=i.slice(0,-1*C),a=a.slice(0,-1*C)),n.push(this.productions_[w[1]][0]),i.push(M.$),a.push(M._$),A=o[n[n.length-2]][n[n.length-1]],n.push(A);break;case 3:return!0}}return!0}},f={EOF:1,parseError:function(t,e){if(!this.yy.parser)throw new Error(t);this.yy.parser.parseError(t,e)},setInput:function(t,e){return this.yy=e||this.yy||{},this._input=t,this._more=this._backtrack=this.done=!1,this.yylineno=this.yyleng=0,this.yytext=this.matched=this.match="",this.conditionStack=["INITIAL"],this.yylloc={first_line:1,first_column:0,last_line:1,last_column:0},this.options.ranges&&(this.yylloc.range=[0,0]),this.offset=0,this},input:function(){var t=this._input[0];return this.yytext+=t,this.yyleng++,this.offset++,this.match+=t,this.matched+=t,t.match(/(?:\r\n?|\n).*/g)?(this.yylineno++,this.yylloc.last_line++):this.yylloc.last_column++,this.options.ranges&&this.yylloc.range[1]++,this._input=this._input.slice(1),t},unput:function(t){var e=t.length,n=t.split(/(?:\r\n?|\n)/g);this._input=t+this._input,this.yytext=this.yytext.substr(0,this.yytext.length-e),this.offset-=e;var r=this.match.split(/(?:\r\n?|\n)/g);this.match=this.match.substr(0,this.match.length-1),this.matched=this.matched.substr(0,this.matched.length-1),n.length-1&&(this.yylineno-=n.length-1);var i=this.yylloc.range;return this.yylloc={first_line:this.yylloc.first_line,last_line:this.yylineno+1,first_column:this.yylloc.first_column,last_column:n?(n.length===r.length?this.yylloc.first_column:0)+r[r.length-n.length].length-n[0].length:this.yylloc.first_column-e},this.options.ranges&&(this.yylloc.range=[i[0],i[0]+this.yyleng-e]),this.yyleng=this.yytext.length,this},more:function(){return this._more=!0,this},reject:function(){return this.options.backtrack_lexer?(this._backtrack=!0,this):this.parseError("Lexical error on line "+(this.yylineno+1)+". You can only invoke reject() in the lexer when the lexer is of the backtracking persuasion (options.backtrack_lexer = true).\n"+this.showPosition(),{text:"",token:null,line:this.yylineno})},less:function(t){this.unput(this.match.slice(t))},pastInput:function(){var t=this.matched.substr(0,this.matched.length-this.match.length);return(t.length>20?"...":"")+t.substr(-20).replace(/\n/g,"")},upcomingInput:function(){var t=this.match;return t.length<20&&(t+=this._input.substr(0,20-t.length)),(t.substr(0,20)+(t.length>20?"...":"")).replace(/\n/g,"")},showPosition:function(){var t=this.pastInput(),e=new Array(t.length+1).join("-");return t+this.upcomingInput()+"\n"+e+"^"},test_match:function(t,e){var n,r,i;if(this.options.backtrack_lexer&&(i={yylineno:this.yylineno,yylloc:{first_line:this.yylloc.first_line,last_line:this.last_line,first_column:this.yylloc.first_column,last_column:this.yylloc.last_column},yytext:this.yytext,match:this.match,matches:this.matches,matched:this.matched,yyleng:this.yyleng,offset:this.offset,_more:this._more,_input:this._input,yy:this.yy,conditionStack:this.conditionStack.slice(0),done:this.done},this.options.ranges&&(i.yylloc.range=this.yylloc.range.slice(0))),(r=t[0].match(/(?:\r\n?|\n).*/g))&&(this.yylineno+=r.length),this.yylloc={first_line:this.yylloc.last_line,last_line:this.yylineno+1,first_column:this.yylloc.last_column,last_column:r?r[r.length-1].length-r[r.length-1].match(/\r?\n?/)[0].length:this.yylloc.last_column+t[0].length},this.yytext+=t[0],this.match+=t[0],this.matches=t,this.yyleng=this.yytext.length,this.options.ranges&&(this.yylloc.range=[this.offset,this.offset+=this.yyleng]),this._more=!1,this._backtrack=!1,this._input=this._input.slice(t[0].length),this.matched+=t[0],n=this.performAction.call(this,this.yy,this,e,this.conditionStack[this.conditionStack.length-1]),this.done&&this._input&&(this.done=!1),n)return n;if(this._backtrack){for(var a in i)this[a]=i[a];return!1}return!1},next:function(){if(this.done)return this.EOF;var t,e,n,r;this._input||(this.done=!0),this._more||(this.yytext="",this.match="");for(var i=this._currentRules(),a=0;ae[0].length)){if(e=n,r=a,this.options.backtrack_lexer){if(!1!==(t=this.test_match(n,i[a])))return t;if(this._backtrack){e=!1;continue}return!1}if(!this.options.flex)break}return e?!1!==(t=this.test_match(e,i[r]))&&t:""===this._input?this.EOF:this.parseError("Lexical error on line "+(this.yylineno+1)+". Unrecognized text.\n"+this.showPosition(),{text:"",token:null,line:this.yylineno})},lex:function(){var t=this.next();return t||this.lex()},begin:function(t){this.conditionStack.push(t)},popState:function(){return this.conditionStack.length-1>0?this.conditionStack.pop():this.conditionStack[0]},_currentRules:function(){return this.conditionStack.length&&this.conditionStack[this.conditionStack.length-1]?this.conditions[this.conditionStack[this.conditionStack.length-1]].rules:this.conditions.INITIAL.rules},topState:function(t){return(t=this.conditionStack.length-1-Math.abs(t||0))>=0?this.conditionStack[t]:"INITIAL"},pushState:function(t){this.begin(t)},stateStackSize:function(){return this.conditionStack.length},options:{"case-insensitive":!0},performAction:function(t,e,n,r){switch(n){case 0:return this.begin("open_directive"),22;case 1:return this.begin("type_directive"),23;case 2:return this.popState(),this.begin("arg_directive"),17;case 3:return this.popState(),this.popState(),25;case 4:return 24;case 5:case 6:break;case 7:return 19;case 8:case 9:break;case 10:return this.begin("title"),12;case 11:return this.popState(),"title_value";case 12:this.begin("string");break;case 13:this.popState();break;case 14:return"txt";case 15:return 6;case 16:return"value";case 17:return 21}},rules:[/^(?:%%\{)/i,/^(?:((?:(?!\}%%)[^:.])*))/i,/^(?::)/i,/^(?:\}%%)/i,/^(?:((?:(?!\}%%).|\n)*))/i,/^(?:%%(?!\{)[^\n]*)/i,/^(?:[^\}]%%[^\n]*)/i,/^(?:[\n\r]+)/i,/^(?:%%[^\n]*)/i,/^(?:[\s]+)/i,/^(?:title\b)/i,/^(?:(?!\n||)*[^\n]*)/i,/^(?:["])/i,/^(?:["])/i,/^(?:[^"]*)/i,/^(?:pie\b)/i,/^(?::[\s]*[\d]+(?:\.[\d]+)?)/i,/^(?:$)/i],conditions:{close_directive:{rules:[],inclusive:!1},arg_directive:{rules:[3,4],inclusive:!1},type_directive:{rules:[2,3],inclusive:!1},open_directive:{rules:[1],inclusive:!1},title:{rules:[11],inclusive:!1},string:{rules:[13,14],inclusive:!1},INITIAL:{rules:[0,5,6,7,8,9,10,12,15,16,17],inclusive:!0}}};function d(){this.yy={}}return h.lexer=f,d.prototype=h,h.Parser=d,new d}();e.parser=i,e.Parser=i.Parser,e.parse=function(){return i.parse.apply(i,arguments)},e.main=function(r){r[1]||(console.log("Usage: "+r[0]+" FILE"),t.exit(1));var i=n(19).readFileSync(n(20).normalize(r[1]),"utf8");return e.parser.parse(i)},n.c[n.s]===r&&e.main(t.argv.slice(1))}).call(this,n(14),n(7)(t))},function(t,e,n){(function(t,r){var i=function(){var t=function(t,e,n,r){for(n=n||{},r=t.length;r--;n[t[r]]=e);return n},e=[1,2],n=[1,5],r=[6,9,11,23,37],i=[1,17],a=[1,20],o=[1,25],s=[1,26],c=[1,27],u=[1,28],l=[1,37],h=[23,34,35],f=[4,6,9,11,23,37],d=[30,31,32,33],p=[22,27],g={trace:function(){},yy:{},symbols_:{error:2,start:3,ER_DIAGRAM:4,document:5,EOF:6,directive:7,line:8,SPACE:9,statement:10,NEWLINE:11,openDirective:12,typeDirective:13,closeDirective:14,":":15,argDirective:16,entityName:17,relSpec:18,role:19,BLOCK_START:20,attributes:21,BLOCK_STOP:22,ALPHANUM:23,attribute:24,attributeType:25,attributeName:26,ATTRIBUTE_WORD:27,cardinality:28,relType:29,ZERO_OR_ONE:30,ZERO_OR_MORE:31,ONE_OR_MORE:32,ONLY_ONE:33,NON_IDENTIFYING:34,IDENTIFYING:35,WORD:36,open_directive:37,type_directive:38,arg_directive:39,close_directive:40,$accept:0,$end:1},terminals_:{2:"error",4:"ER_DIAGRAM",6:"EOF",9:"SPACE",11:"NEWLINE",15:":",20:"BLOCK_START",22:"BLOCK_STOP",23:"ALPHANUM",27:"ATTRIBUTE_WORD",30:"ZERO_OR_ONE",31:"ZERO_OR_MORE",32:"ONE_OR_MORE",33:"ONLY_ONE",34:"NON_IDENTIFYING",35:"IDENTIFYING",36:"WORD",37:"open_directive",38:"type_directive",39:"arg_directive",40:"close_directive"},productions_:[0,[3,3],[3,2],[5,0],[5,2],[8,2],[8,1],[8,1],[8,1],[7,4],[7,6],[10,1],[10,5],[10,4],[10,3],[10,1],[17,1],[21,1],[21,2],[24,2],[25,1],[26,1],[18,3],[28,1],[28,1],[28,1],[28,1],[29,1],[29,1],[19,1],[19,1],[12,1],[13,1],[16,1],[14,1]],performAction:function(t,e,n,r,i,a,o){var s=a.length-1;switch(i){case 1:break;case 3:this.$=[];break;case 4:a[s-1].push(a[s]),this.$=a[s-1];break;case 5:case 6:this.$=a[s];break;case 7:case 8:this.$=[];break;case 12:r.addEntity(a[s-4]),r.addEntity(a[s-2]),r.addRelationship(a[s-4],a[s],a[s-2],a[s-3]);break;case 13:r.addEntity(a[s-3]),r.addAttributes(a[s-3],a[s-1]);break;case 14:r.addEntity(a[s-2]);break;case 15:r.addEntity(a[s]);break;case 16:this.$=a[s];break;case 17:this.$=[a[s]];break;case 18:a[s].push(a[s-1]),this.$=a[s];break;case 19:this.$={attributeType:a[s-1],attributeName:a[s]};break;case 20:case 21:this.$=a[s];break;case 22:this.$={cardA:a[s],relType:a[s-1],cardB:a[s-2]};break;case 23:this.$=r.Cardinality.ZERO_OR_ONE;break;case 24:this.$=r.Cardinality.ZERO_OR_MORE;break;case 25:this.$=r.Cardinality.ONE_OR_MORE;break;case 26:this.$=r.Cardinality.ONLY_ONE;break;case 27:this.$=r.Identification.NON_IDENTIFYING;break;case 28:this.$=r.Identification.IDENTIFYING;break;case 29:this.$=a[s].replace(/"/g,"");break;case 30:this.$=a[s];break;case 31:r.parseDirective("%%{","open_directive");break;case 32:r.parseDirective(a[s],"type_directive");break;case 33:a[s]=a[s].trim().replace(/'/g,'"'),r.parseDirective(a[s],"arg_directive");break;case 34:r.parseDirective("}%%","close_directive","er")}},table:[{3:1,4:e,7:3,12:4,37:n},{1:[3]},t(r,[2,3],{5:6}),{3:7,4:e,7:3,12:4,37:n},{13:8,38:[1,9]},{38:[2,31]},{6:[1,10],7:15,8:11,9:[1,12],10:13,11:[1,14],12:4,17:16,23:i,37:n},{1:[2,2]},{14:18,15:[1,19],40:a},t([15,40],[2,32]),t(r,[2,8],{1:[2,1]}),t(r,[2,4]),{7:15,10:21,12:4,17:16,23:i,37:n},t(r,[2,6]),t(r,[2,7]),t(r,[2,11]),t(r,[2,15],{18:22,28:24,20:[1,23],30:o,31:s,32:c,33:u}),t([6,9,11,15,20,23,30,31,32,33,37],[2,16]),{11:[1,29]},{16:30,39:[1,31]},{11:[2,34]},t(r,[2,5]),{17:32,23:i},{21:33,22:[1,34],24:35,25:36,27:l},{29:38,34:[1,39],35:[1,40]},t(h,[2,23]),t(h,[2,24]),t(h,[2,25]),t(h,[2,26]),t(f,[2,9]),{14:41,40:a},{40:[2,33]},{15:[1,42]},{22:[1,43]},t(r,[2,14]),{21:44,22:[2,17],24:35,25:36,27:l},{26:45,27:[1,46]},{27:[2,20]},{28:47,30:o,31:s,32:c,33:u},t(d,[2,27]),t(d,[2,28]),{11:[1,48]},{19:49,23:[1,51],36:[1,50]},t(r,[2,13]),{22:[2,18]},t(p,[2,19]),t(p,[2,21]),{23:[2,22]},t(f,[2,10]),t(r,[2,12]),t(r,[2,29]),t(r,[2,30])],defaultActions:{5:[2,31],7:[2,2],20:[2,34],31:[2,33],37:[2,20],44:[2,18],47:[2,22]},parseError:function(t,e){if(!e.recoverable){var n=new Error(t);throw n.hash=e,n}this.trace(t)},parse:function(t){var e=this,n=[0],r=[],i=[null],a=[],o=this.table,s="",c=0,u=0,l=0,h=2,f=1,d=a.slice.call(arguments,1),p=Object.create(this.lexer),g={yy:{}};for(var y in this.yy)Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(this.yy,y)&&(g.yy[y]=this.yy[y]);p.setInput(t,g.yy),g.yy.lexer=p,g.yy.parser=this,void 0===p.yylloc&&(p.yylloc={});var v=p.yylloc;a.push(v);var m=p.options&&p.options.ranges;function b(){var t;return"number"!=typeof(t=r.pop()||p.lex()||f)&&(t instanceof Array&&(t=(r=t).pop()),t=e.symbols_[t]||t),t}"function"==typeof g.yy.parseError?this.parseError=g.yy.parseError:this.parseError=Object.getPrototypeOf(this).parseError;for(var x,_,k,w,E,T,C,A,S,M={};;){if(k=n[n.length-1],this.defaultActions[k]?w=this.defaultActions[k]:(null==x&&(x=b()),w=o[k]&&o[k][x]),void 0===w||!w.length||!w[0]){var O="";for(T in S=[],o[k])this.terminals_[T]&&T>h&&S.push("'"+this.terminals_[T]+"'");O=p.showPosition?"Parse error on line "+(c+1)+":\n"+p.showPosition()+"\nExpecting "+S.join(", ")+", got '"+(this.terminals_[x]||x)+"'":"Parse error on line "+(c+1)+": Unexpected "+(x==f?"end of input":"'"+(this.terminals_[x]||x)+"'"),this.parseError(O,{text:p.match,token:this.terminals_[x]||x,line:p.yylineno,loc:v,expected:S})}if(w[0]instanceof Array&&w.length>1)throw new Error("Parse Error: multiple actions possible at state: "+k+", token: "+x);switch(w[0]){case 1:n.push(x),i.push(p.yytext),a.push(p.yylloc),n.push(w[1]),x=null,_?(x=_,_=null):(u=p.yyleng,s=p.yytext,c=p.yylineno,v=p.yylloc,l>0&&l--);break;case 2:if(C=this.productions_[w[1]][1],M.$=i[i.length-C],M._$={first_line:a[a.length-(C||1)].first_line,last_line:a[a.length-1].last_line,first_column:a[a.length-(C||1)].first_column,last_column:a[a.length-1].last_column},m&&(M._$.range=[a[a.length-(C||1)].range[0],a[a.length-1].range[1]]),void 0!==(E=this.performAction.apply(M,[s,u,c,g.yy,w[1],i,a].concat(d))))return E;C&&(n=n.slice(0,-1*C*2),i=i.slice(0,-1*C),a=a.slice(0,-1*C)),n.push(this.productions_[w[1]][0]),i.push(M.$),a.push(M._$),A=o[n[n.length-2]][n[n.length-1]],n.push(A);break;case 3:return!0}}return!0}},y={EOF:1,parseError:function(t,e){if(!this.yy.parser)throw new Error(t);this.yy.parser.parseError(t,e)},setInput:function(t,e){return this.yy=e||this.yy||{},this._input=t,this._more=this._backtrack=this.done=!1,this.yylineno=this.yyleng=0,this.yytext=this.matched=this.match="",this.conditionStack=["INITIAL"],this.yylloc={first_line:1,first_column:0,last_line:1,last_column:0},this.options.ranges&&(this.yylloc.range=[0,0]),this.offset=0,this},input:function(){var t=this._input[0];return this.yytext+=t,this.yyleng++,this.offset++,this.match+=t,this.matched+=t,t.match(/(?:\r\n?|\n).*/g)?(this.yylineno++,this.yylloc.last_line++):this.yylloc.last_column++,this.options.ranges&&this.yylloc.range[1]++,this._input=this._input.slice(1),t},unput:function(t){var e=t.length,n=t.split(/(?:\r\n?|\n)/g);this._input=t+this._input,this.yytext=this.yytext.substr(0,this.yytext.length-e),this.offset-=e;var r=this.match.split(/(?:\r\n?|\n)/g);this.match=this.match.substr(0,this.match.length-1),this.matched=this.matched.substr(0,this.matched.length-1),n.length-1&&(this.yylineno-=n.length-1);var i=this.yylloc.range;return this.yylloc={first_line:this.yylloc.first_line,last_line:this.yylineno+1,first_column:this.yylloc.first_column,last_column:n?(n.length===r.length?this.yylloc.first_column:0)+r[r.length-n.length].length-n[0].length:this.yylloc.first_column-e},this.options.ranges&&(this.yylloc.range=[i[0],i[0]+this.yyleng-e]),this.yyleng=this.yytext.length,this},more:function(){return this._more=!0,this},reject:function(){return this.options.backtrack_lexer?(this._backtrack=!0,this):this.parseError("Lexical error on line "+(this.yylineno+1)+". You can only invoke reject() in the lexer when the lexer is of the backtracking persuasion (options.backtrack_lexer = true).\n"+this.showPosition(),{text:"",token:null,line:this.yylineno})},less:function(t){this.unput(this.match.slice(t))},pastInput:function(){var t=this.matched.substr(0,this.matched.length-this.match.length);return(t.length>20?"...":"")+t.substr(-20).replace(/\n/g,"")},upcomingInput:function(){var t=this.match;return t.length<20&&(t+=this._input.substr(0,20-t.length)),(t.substr(0,20)+(t.length>20?"...":"")).replace(/\n/g,"")},showPosition:function(){var t=this.pastInput(),e=new Array(t.length+1).join("-");return t+this.upcomingInput()+"\n"+e+"^"},test_match:function(t,e){var n,r,i;if(this.options.backtrack_lexer&&(i={yylineno:this.yylineno,yylloc:{first_line:this.yylloc.first_line,last_line:this.last_line,first_column:this.yylloc.first_column,last_column:this.yylloc.last_column},yytext:this.yytext,match:this.match,matches:this.matches,matched:this.matched,yyleng:this.yyleng,offset:this.offset,_more:this._more,_input:this._input,yy:this.yy,conditionStack:this.conditionStack.slice(0),done:this.done},this.options.ranges&&(i.yylloc.range=this.yylloc.range.slice(0))),(r=t[0].match(/(?:\r\n?|\n).*/g))&&(this.yylineno+=r.length),this.yylloc={first_line:this.yylloc.last_line,last_line:this.yylineno+1,first_column:this.yylloc.last_column,last_column:r?r[r.length-1].length-r[r.length-1].match(/\r?\n?/)[0].length:this.yylloc.last_column+t[0].length},this.yytext+=t[0],this.match+=t[0],this.matches=t,this.yyleng=this.yytext.length,this.options.ranges&&(this.yylloc.range=[this.offset,this.offset+=this.yyleng]),this._more=!1,this._backtrack=!1,this._input=this._input.slice(t[0].length),this.matched+=t[0],n=this.performAction.call(this,this.yy,this,e,this.conditionStack[this.conditionStack.length-1]),this.done&&this._input&&(this.done=!1),n)return n;if(this._backtrack){for(var a in i)this[a]=i[a];return!1}return!1},next:function(){if(this.done)return this.EOF;var t,e,n,r;this._input||(this.done=!0),this._more||(this.yytext="",this.match="");for(var i=this._currentRules(),a=0;ae[0].length)){if(e=n,r=a,this.options.backtrack_lexer){if(!1!==(t=this.test_match(n,i[a])))return t;if(this._backtrack){e=!1;continue}return!1}if(!this.options.flex)break}return e?!1!==(t=this.test_match(e,i[r]))&&t:""===this._input?this.EOF:this.parseError("Lexical error on line "+(this.yylineno+1)+". Unrecognized text.\n"+this.showPosition(),{text:"",token:null,line:this.yylineno})},lex:function(){var t=this.next();return t||this.lex()},begin:function(t){this.conditionStack.push(t)},popState:function(){return this.conditionStack.length-1>0?this.conditionStack.pop():this.conditionStack[0]},_currentRules:function(){return this.conditionStack.length&&this.conditionStack[this.conditionStack.length-1]?this.conditions[this.conditionStack[this.conditionStack.length-1]].rules:this.conditions.INITIAL.rules},topState:function(t){return(t=this.conditionStack.length-1-Math.abs(t||0))>=0?this.conditionStack[t]:"INITIAL"},pushState:function(t){this.begin(t)},stateStackSize:function(){return this.conditionStack.length},options:{"case-insensitive":!0},performAction:function(t,e,n,r){switch(n){case 0:return this.begin("open_directive"),37;case 1:return this.begin("type_directive"),38;case 2:return this.popState(),this.begin("arg_directive"),15;case 3:return this.popState(),this.popState(),40;case 4:return 39;case 5:case 6:break;case 7:return 11;case 8:break;case 9:return 9;case 10:return 36;case 11:return 4;case 12:return this.begin("block"),20;case 13:break;case 14:return 27;case 15:break;case 16:return this.popState(),22;case 17:return e.yytext[0];case 18:return 30;case 19:return 31;case 20:return 32;case 21:return 33;case 22:return 30;case 23:return 31;case 24:return 32;case 25:return 34;case 26:return 35;case 27:case 28:return 34;case 29:return 23;case 30:return e.yytext[0];case 31:return 6}},rules:[/^(?:%%\{)/i,/^(?:((?:(?!\}%%)[^:.])*))/i,/^(?::)/i,/^(?:\}%%)/i,/^(?:((?:(?!\}%%).|\n)*))/i,/^(?:%(?!\{)[^\n]*)/i,/^(?:[^\}]%%[^\n]*)/i,/^(?:[\n]+)/i,/^(?:\s+)/i,/^(?:[\s]+)/i,/^(?:"[^"]*")/i,/^(?:erDiagram\b)/i,/^(?:\{)/i,/^(?:\s+)/i,/^(?:[A-Za-z][A-Za-z0-9\-_]*)/i,/^(?:[\n]+)/i,/^(?:\})/i,/^(?:.)/i,/^(?:\|o\b)/i,/^(?:\}o\b)/i,/^(?:\}\|)/i,/^(?:\|\|)/i,/^(?:o\|)/i,/^(?:o\{)/i,/^(?:\|\{)/i,/^(?:\.\.)/i,/^(?:--)/i,/^(?:\.-)/i,/^(?:-\.)/i,/^(?:[A-Za-z][A-Za-z0-9\-_]*)/i,/^(?:.)/i,/^(?:$)/i],conditions:{open_directive:{rules:[1],inclusive:!1},type_directive:{rules:[2,3],inclusive:!1},arg_directive:{rules:[3,4],inclusive:!1},block:{rules:[13,14,15,16,17],inclusive:!1},INITIAL:{rules:[0,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31],inclusive:!0}}};function v(){this.yy={}}return g.lexer=y,v.prototype=g,g.Parser=v,new v}();e.parser=i,e.Parser=i.Parser,e.parse=function(){return i.parse.apply(i,arguments)},e.main=function(r){r[1]||(console.log("Usage: "+r[0]+" FILE"),t.exit(1));var i=n(19).readFileSync(n(20).normalize(r[1]),"utf8");return e.parser.parse(i)},n.c[n.s]===r&&e.main(t.argv.slice(1))}).call(this,n(14),n(7)(t))},function(t,e,n){"use strict";var r;Object.defineProperty(e,"__esModule",{value:!0}),function(t){t[t.ALL=0]="ALL",t[t.RGB=1]="RGB",t[t.HSL=2]="HSL"}(r||(r={})),e.TYPE=r},function(t,e,n){"use strict";var r=n(10);t.exports=i;function i(t){this._isDirected=!r.has(t,"directed")||t.directed,this._isMultigraph=!!r.has(t,"multigraph")&&t.multigraph,this._isCompound=!!r.has(t,"compound")&&t.compound,this._label=void 0,this._defaultNodeLabelFn=r.constant(void 0),this._defaultEdgeLabelFn=r.constant(void 0),this._nodes={},this._isCompound&&(this._parent={},this._children={},this._children["\0"]={}),this._in={},this._preds={},this._out={},this._sucs={},this._edgeObjs={},this._edgeLabels={}}function a(t,e){t[e]?t[e]++:t[e]=1}function o(t,e){--t[e]||delete t[e]}function s(t,e,n,i){var a=""+e,o=""+n;if(!t&&a>o){var s=a;a=o,o=s}return a+""+o+""+(r.isUndefined(i)?"\0":i)}function c(t,e,n,r){var i=""+e,a=""+n;if(!t&&i>a){var o=i;i=a,a=o}var s={v:i,w:a};return r&&(s.name=r),s}function u(t,e){return s(t,e.v,e.w,e.name)}i.prototype._nodeCount=0,i.prototype._edgeCount=0,i.prototype.isDirected=function(){return this._isDirected},i.prototype.isMultigraph=function(){return this._isMultigraph},i.prototype.isCompound=function(){return this._isCompound},i.prototype.setGraph=function(t){return this._label=t,this},i.prototype.graph=function(){return this._label},i.prototype.setDefaultNodeLabel=function(t){return r.isFunction(t)||(t=r.constant(t)),this._defaultNodeLabelFn=t,this},i.prototype.nodeCount=function(){return this._nodeCount},i.prototype.nodes=function(){return r.keys(this._nodes)},i.prototype.sources=function(){var t=this;return r.filter(this.nodes(),(function(e){return r.isEmpty(t._in[e])}))},i.prototype.sinks=function(){var t=this;return r.filter(this.nodes(),(function(e){return r.isEmpty(t._out[e])}))},i.prototype.setNodes=function(t,e){var n=arguments,i=this;return r.each(t,(function(t){n.length>1?i.setNode(t,e):i.setNode(t)})),this},i.prototype.setNode=function(t,e){return r.has(this._nodes,t)?(arguments.length>1&&(this._nodes[t]=e),this):(this._nodes[t]=arguments.length>1?e:this._defaultNodeLabelFn(t),this._isCompound&&(this._parent[t]="\0",this._children[t]={},this._children["\0"][t]=!0),this._in[t]={},this._preds[t]={},this._out[t]={},this._sucs[t]={},++this._nodeCount,this)},i.prototype.node=function(t){return this._nodes[t]},i.prototype.hasNode=function(t){return r.has(this._nodes,t)},i.prototype.removeNode=function(t){var e=this;if(r.has(this._nodes,t)){var n=function(t){e.removeEdge(e._edgeObjs[t])};delete this._nodes[t],this._isCompound&&(this._removeFromParentsChildList(t),delete this._parent[t],r.each(this.children(t),(function(t){e.setParent(t)})),delete this._children[t]),r.each(r.keys(this._in[t]),n),delete this._in[t],delete this._preds[t],r.each(r.keys(this._out[t]),n),delete this._out[t],delete this._sucs[t],--this._nodeCount}return this},i.prototype.setParent=function(t,e){if(!this._isCompound)throw new Error("Cannot set parent in a non-compound graph");if(r.isUndefined(e))e="\0";else{for(var n=e+="";!r.isUndefined(n);n=this.parent(n))if(n===t)throw new Error("Setting "+e+" as parent of "+t+" would create a cycle");this.setNode(e)}return this.setNode(t),this._removeFromParentsChildList(t),this._parent[t]=e,this._children[e][t]=!0,this},i.prototype._removeFromParentsChildList=function(t){delete this._children[this._parent[t]][t]},i.prototype.parent=function(t){if(this._isCompound){var e=this._parent[t];if("\0"!==e)return e}},i.prototype.children=function(t){if(r.isUndefined(t)&&(t="\0"),this._isCompound){var e=this._children[t];if(e)return r.keys(e)}else{if("\0"===t)return this.nodes();if(this.hasNode(t))return[]}},i.prototype.predecessors=function(t){var e=this._preds[t];if(e)return r.keys(e)},i.prototype.successors=function(t){var e=this._sucs[t];if(e)return r.keys(e)},i.prototype.neighbors=function(t){var e=this.predecessors(t);if(e)return r.union(e,this.successors(t))},i.prototype.isLeaf=function(t){return 0===(this.isDirected()?this.successors(t):this.neighbors(t)).length},i.prototype.filterNodes=function(t){var e=new this.constructor({directed:this._isDirected,multigraph:this._isMultigraph,compound:this._isCompound});e.setGraph(this.graph());var n=this;r.each(this._nodes,(function(n,r){t(r)&&e.setNode(r,n)})),r.each(this._edgeObjs,(function(t){e.hasNode(t.v)&&e.hasNode(t.w)&&e.setEdge(t,n.edge(t))}));var i={};return this._isCompound&&r.each(e.nodes(),(function(t){e.setParent(t,function t(r){var a=n.parent(r);return void 0===a||e.hasNode(a)?(i[r]=a,a):a in i?i[a]:t(a)}(t))})),e},i.prototype.setDefaultEdgeLabel=function(t){return r.isFunction(t)||(t=r.constant(t)),this._defaultEdgeLabelFn=t,this},i.prototype.edgeCount=function(){return this._edgeCount},i.prototype.edges=function(){return r.values(this._edgeObjs)},i.prototype.setPath=function(t,e){var n=this,i=arguments;return r.reduce(t,(function(t,r){return i.length>1?n.setEdge(t,r,e):n.setEdge(t,r),r})),this},i.prototype.setEdge=function(){var t,e,n,i,o=!1,u=arguments[0];"object"==typeof u&&null!==u&&"v"in u?(t=u.v,e=u.w,n=u.name,2===arguments.length&&(i=arguments[1],o=!0)):(t=u,e=arguments[1],n=arguments[3],arguments.length>2&&(i=arguments[2],o=!0)),t=""+t,e=""+e,r.isUndefined(n)||(n=""+n);var l=s(this._isDirected,t,e,n);if(r.has(this._edgeLabels,l))return o&&(this._edgeLabels[l]=i),this;if(!r.isUndefined(n)&&!this._isMultigraph)throw new Error("Cannot set a named edge when isMultigraph = false");this.setNode(t),this.setNode(e),this._edgeLabels[l]=o?i:this._defaultEdgeLabelFn(t,e,n);var h=c(this._isDirected,t,e,n);return 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C={};return s&&(C.updatedPath=o),C.originalPath=n.points,C}(u,t,e,Me,r,n);!function(t,e){c.info("Moving label",t.id,t.label,Tn[t.id]);var n=e.updatedPath?e.updatedPath:e.originalPath;if(t.label){var r=Tn[t.id],i=t.x,a=t.y;if(n){var o=H.calcLabelPosition(n);c.info("Moving label from (",i,",",a,") to (",o.x,",",o.y,")")}r.attr("transform","translate("+i+", "+a+")")}if(t.startLabelLeft){var s=Cn[t.id].startLeft,u=t.x,l=t.y;if(n){var h=H.calcTerminalLabelPosition(0,"start_left",n);u=h.x,l=h.y}s.attr("transform","translate("+u+", "+l+")")}if(t.startLabelRight){var f=Cn[t.id].startRight,d=t.x,p=t.y;if(n){var g=H.calcTerminalLabelPosition(0,"start_right",n);d=g.x,p=g.y}f.attr("transform","translate("+d+", "+p+")")}if(t.endLabelLeft){var y=Cn[t.id].endLeft,v=t.x,m=t.y;if(n){var b=H.calcTerminalLabelPosition(0,"end_left",n);v=b.x,m=b.y}y.attr("transform","translate("+v+", "+m+")")}if(t.endLabelRight){var x=Cn[t.id].endRight,_=t.x,k=t.y;if(n){var 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g=0;for(g=l.length-1;g>=0;g--){i=l[g],Object(d.selectAll)("cluster").append("text");for(var y=0;y0)switch(e.valign){case"top":case"start":s=function(){return Math.round(e.y+e.textMargin)};break;case"middle":case"center":s=function(){return Math.round(e.y+(n+r+e.textMargin)/2)};break;case"bottom":case"end":s=function(){return Math.round(e.y+(n+r+2*e.textMargin)-e.textMargin)}}if(void 0!==e.anchor&&void 0!==e.textMargin&&void 0!==e.width)switch(e.anchor){case"left":case"start":e.x=Math.round(e.x+e.textMargin),e.anchor="start",e.dominantBaseline="text-after-edge",e.alignmentBaseline="middle";break;case"middle":case"center":e.x=Math.round(e.x+e.width/2),e.anchor="middle",e.dominantBaseline="middle",e.alignmentBaseline="middle";break;case"right":case"end":e.x=Math.round(e.x+e.width-e.textMargin),e.anchor="end",e.dominantBaseline="text-before-edge",e.alignmentBaseline="middle"}for(var c=0;c0&&(r+=(l._groups||l)[0][0].getBBox().height,n=r),a.push(l)}return a},jn=function(t,e){var n,r,i,a,o,s=t.append("polygon");return s.attr("points",(n=e.x,r=e.y,i=e.width,a=e.height,n+","+r+" "+(n+i)+","+r+" "+(n+i)+","+(r+a-(o=7))+" "+(n+i-1.2*o)+","+(r+a)+" "+n+","+(r+a))),s.attr("class","labelBox"),e.y=e.y+e.height/2,Fn(t,e),s},Rn=-1,Yn=function(){return{x:0,y:0,fill:void 0,anchor:void 0,style:"#666",width:void 0,height:void 0,textMargin:0,rx:0,ry:0,tspan:!0,valign:void 0}},zn=function(){return{x:0,y:0,fill:"#EDF2AE",stroke:"#666",width:100,anchor:"start",height:100,rx:0,ry:0}},Un=function(){function t(t,e,n,i,a,o,s){r(e.append("text").attr("x",n+a/2).attr("y",i+o/2+5).style("text-anchor","middle").text(t),s)}function e(t,e,n,i,a,o,s,c){for(var u=c.actorFontSize,l=c.actorFontFamily,h=c.actorFontWeight,f=t.split(x.lineBreakRegex),d=0;d2&&void 0!==arguments[2]?arguments[2]:{text:void 0,wrap:void 0},r=arguments.length>3?arguments[3]:void 0;if(r===ir.ACTIVE_END){var i=er(t.actor);if(i<1){var a=new Error("Trying to inactivate an inactive participant ("+t.actor+")");throw a.hash={text:"->>-",token:"->>-",line:"1",loc:{first_line:1,last_line:1,first_column:1,last_column:1},expected:["'ACTIVE_PARTICIPANT'"]},a}}return qn.push({from:t,to:e,message:n.text,wrap:void 0===n.wrap&&rr()||!!n.wrap,type:r}),!0},rr=function(){return Qn},ir={SOLID:0,DOTTED:1,NOTE:2,SOLID_CROSS:3,DOTTED_CROSS:4,SOLID_OPEN:5,DOTTED_OPEN:6,LOOP_START:10,LOOP_END:11,ALT_START:12,ALT_ELSE:13,ALT_END:14,OPT_START:15,OPT_END:16,ACTIVE_START:17,ACTIVE_END:18,PAR_START:19,PAR_AND:20,PAR_END:21,RECT_START:22,RECT_END:23,SOLID_POINT:24,DOTTED_POINT:25},ar=function(t,e,n){var r={actor:t,placement:e,message:n.text,wrap:void 0===n.wrap&&rr()||!!n.wrap},i=[].concat(t,t);Xn.push(r),qn.push({from:i[0],to:i[1],message:n.text,wrap:void 0===n.wrap&&rr()||!!n.wrap,type:ir.NOTE,placement:e})},or=function(t){Zn=t.text,Jn=void 0===t.wrap&&rr()||!!t.wrap},sr={addActor:tr,addMessage:function(t,e,n,r){qn.push({from:t,to:e,message:n.text,wrap:void 0===n.wrap&&rr()||!!n.wrap,answer:r})},addSignal:nr,autoWrap:rr,setWrap:function(t){Qn=t},enableSequenceNumbers:function(){Kn=!0},showSequenceNumbers:function(){return Kn},getMessages:function(){return qn},getActors:function(){return Gn},getActor:function(t){return Gn[t]},getActorKeys:function(){return Object.keys(Gn)},getTitle:function(){return Zn},parseDirective:function(t,e,n){Go.parseDirective(this,t,e,n)},getConfig:function(){return _t().sequence},getTitleWrapped:function(){return Jn},clear:function(){Gn={},qn=[]},parseMessage:function(t){var e=t.trim(),n={text:e.replace(/^[:]?(?:no)?wrap:/,"").trim(),wrap:null!==e.match(/^[:]?wrap:/)||null===e.match(/^[:]?nowrap:/)&&void 0};return c.debug("parseMessage:",n),n},LINETYPE:ir,ARROWTYPE:{FILLED:0,OPEN:1},PLACEMENT:{LEFTOF:0,RIGHTOF:1,OVER:2},addNote:ar,setTitle:or,apply:function t(e){if(e instanceof Array)e.forEach((function(e){t(e)}));else switch(e.type){case"addActor":tr(e.actor,e.actor,e.description);break;case"activeStart":case"activeEnd":nr(e.actor,void 0,void 0,e.signalType);break;case"addNote":ar(e.actor,e.placement,e.text);break;case"addMessage":nr(e.from,e.to,e.msg,e.signalType);break;case"loopStart":nr(void 0,void 0,e.loopText,e.signalType);break;case"loopEnd":nr(void 0,void 0,void 0,e.signalType);break;case"rectStart":nr(void 0,void 0,e.color,e.signalType);break;case"rectEnd":nr(void 0,void 0,void 0,e.signalType);break;case"optStart":nr(void 0,void 0,e.optText,e.signalType);break;case"optEnd":nr(void 0,void 0,void 0,e.signalType);break;case"altStart":case"else":nr(void 0,void 0,e.altText,e.signalType);break;case"altEnd":nr(void 0,void 0,void 0,e.signalType);break;case"setTitle":or(e.text);break;case"parStart":case"and":nr(void 0,void 0,e.parText,e.signalType);break;case"parEnd":nr(void 0,void 0,void 0,e.signalType)}}};Wn.parser.yy=sr;var cr={},ur={data:{startx:void 0,stopx:void 0,starty:void 0,stopy:void 0},verticalPos:0,sequenceItems:[],activations:[],models:{getHeight:function(){return Math.max.apply(null,0===this.actors.length?[0]:this.actors.map((function(t){return t.height||0})))+(0===this.loops.length?0:this.loops.map((function(t){return t.height||0})).reduce((function(t,e){return t+e})))+(0===this.messages.length?0:this.messages.map((function(t){return t.height||0})).reduce((function(t,e){return t+e})))+(0===this.notes.length?0:this.notes.map((function(t){return t.height||0})).reduce((function(t,e){return t+e})))},clear:function(){this.actors=[],this.loops=[],this.messages=[],this.notes=[]},addActor:function(t){this.actors.push(t)},addLoop:function(t){this.loops.push(t)},addMessage:function(t){this.messages.push(t)},addNote:function(t){this.notes.push(t)},lastActor:function(){return this.actors[this.actors.length-1]},lastLoop:function(){return this.loops[this.loops.length-1]},lastMessage:function(){return this.messages[this.messages.length-1]},lastNote:function(){return this.notes[this.notes.length-1]},actors:[],loops:[],messages:[],notes:[]},init:function(){this.sequenceItems=[],this.activations=[],this.models.clear(),this.data={startx:void 0,stopx:void 0,starty:void 0,stopy:void 0},this.verticalPos=0,pr(Wn.parser.yy.getConfig())},updateVal:function(t,e,n,r){void 0===t[e]?t[e]=n:t[e]=r(n,t[e])},updateBounds:function(t,e,n,r){var i=this,a=0;function o(o){return function(s){a++;var c=i.sequenceItems.length-a+1;i.updateVal(s,"starty",e-c*cr.boxMargin,Math.min),i.updateVal(s,"stopy",r+c*cr.boxMargin,Math.max),i.updateVal(ur.data,"startx",t-c*cr.boxMargin,Math.min),i.updateVal(ur.data,"stopx",n+c*cr.boxMargin,Math.max),"activation"!==o&&(i.updateVal(s,"startx",t-c*cr.boxMargin,Math.min),i.updateVal(s,"stopx",n+c*cr.boxMargin,Math.max),i.updateVal(ur.data,"starty",e-c*cr.boxMargin,Math.min),i.updateVal(ur.data,"stopy",r+c*cr.boxMargin,Math.max))}}this.sequenceItems.forEach(o()),this.activations.forEach(o("activation"))},insert:function(t,e,n,r){var i=Math.min(t,n),a=Math.max(t,n),o=Math.min(e,r),s=Math.max(e,r);this.updateVal(ur.data,"startx",i,Math.min),this.updateVal(ur.data,"starty",o,Math.min),this.updateVal(ur.data,"stopx",a,Math.max),this.updateVal(ur.data,"stopy",s,Math.max),this.updateBounds(i,o,a,s)},newActivation:function(t,e,n){var r=n[t.from.actor],i=gr(t.from.actor).length||0,a=r.x+r.width/2+(i-1)*cr.activationWidth/2;this.activations.push({startx:a,starty:this.verticalPos+2,stopx:a+cr.activationWidth,stopy:void 0,actor:t.from.actor,anchored:$n.anchorElement(e)})},endActivation:function(t){var e=this.activations.map((function(t){return t.actor})).lastIndexOf(t.from.actor);return this.activations.splice(e,1)[0]},createLoop:function(){var t=arguments.length>0&&void 0!==arguments[0]?arguments[0]:{message:void 0,wrap:!1,width:void 0},e=arguments.length>1?arguments[1]:void 0;return{startx:void 0,starty:this.verticalPos,stopx:void 0,stopy:void 0,title:t.message,wrap:t.wrap,width:t.width,height:0,fill:e}},newLoop:function(){var t=arguments.length>0&&void 0!==arguments[0]?arguments[0]:{message:void 0,wrap:!1,width:void 0},e=arguments.length>1?arguments[1]:void 0;this.sequenceItems.push(this.createLoop(t,e))},endLoop:function(){return this.sequenceItems.pop()},addSectionToLoop:function(t){var e=this.sequenceItems.pop();e.sections=e.sections||[],e.sectionTitles=e.sectionTitles||[],e.sections.push({y:ur.getVerticalPos(),height:0}),e.sectionTitles.push(t),this.sequenceItems.push(e)},bumpVerticalPos:function(t){this.verticalPos=this.verticalPos+t,this.data.stopy=this.verticalPos},getVerticalPos:function(){return this.verticalPos},getBounds:function(){return{bounds:this.data,models:this.models}}},lr=function(t){return{fontFamily:t.messageFontFamily,fontSize:t.messageFontSize,fontWeight:t.messageFontWeight}},hr=function(t){return{fontFamily:t.noteFontFamily,fontSize:t.noteFontSize,fontWeight:t.noteFontWeight}},fr=function(t){return{fontFamily:t.actorFontFamily,fontSize:t.actorFontSize,fontWeight:t.actorFontWeight}},dr=function(t,e,n,r){for(var i=0,a=0,o=0;o0&&o.forEach((function(r){if(n=r,i.startx===i.stopx){var a=e[t.from],o=e[t.to];n.from=Math.min(a.x-i.width/2,a.x-a.width/2,n.from),n.to=Math.max(o.x+i.width/2,o.x+a.width/2,n.to),n.width=Math.max(n.width,Math.abs(n.to-n.from))-cr.labelBoxWidth}else n.from=Math.min(i.startx,n.from),n.to=Math.max(i.stopx,n.to),n.width=Math.max(n.width,i.width)-cr.labelBoxWidth})))})),ur.activations=[],c.debug("Loop type widths:",a),a},_r={bounds:ur,drawActors:dr,setConf:pr,draw:function(t,e){cr=_t().sequence,Wn.parser.yy.clear(),Wn.parser.yy.setWrap(cr.wrap),Wn.parser.parse(t+"\n"),ur.init(),c.debug("C:".concat(JSON.stringify(cr,null,2)));var n=Object(d.select)('[id="'.concat(e,'"]')),r=Wn.parser.yy.getActors(),i=Wn.parser.yy.getActorKeys(),a=Wn.parser.yy.getMessages(),o=Wn.parser.yy.getTitle(),s=mr(r,a);cr.height=br(r,s),dr(n,r,i,0);var u=xr(a,r,s);$n.insertArrowHead(n),$n.insertArrowCrossHead(n),$n.insertArrowFilledHead(n),$n.insertSequenceNumber(n);var l=1;a.forEach((function(t){var e,i,a;switch(t.type){case Wn.parser.yy.LINETYPE.NOTE:i=t.noteModel,function(t,e){ur.bumpVerticalPos(cr.boxMargin),e.height=cr.boxMargin,e.starty=ur.getVerticalPos();var n=$n.getNoteRect();n.x=e.startx,n.y=e.starty,n.width=e.width||cr.width,n.class="note";var r=t.append("g"),i=$n.drawRect(r,n),a=$n.getTextObj();a.x=e.startx,a.y=e.starty,a.width=n.width,a.dy="1em",a.text=e.message,a.class="noteText",a.fontFamily=cr.noteFontFamily,a.fontSize=cr.noteFontSize,a.fontWeight=cr.noteFontWeight,a.anchor=cr.noteAlign,a.textMargin=cr.noteMargin,a.valign=cr.noteAlign;var o=Fn(r,a),s=Math.round(o.map((function(t){return(t._groups||t)[0][0].getBBox().height})).reduce((function(t,e){return t+e})));i.attr("height",s+2*cr.noteMargin),e.height+=s+2*cr.noteMargin,ur.bumpVerticalPos(s+2*cr.noteMargin),e.stopy=e.starty+s+2*cr.noteMargin,e.stopx=e.startx+n.width,ur.insert(e.startx,e.starty,e.stopx,e.stopy),ur.models.addNote(e)}(n,i);break;case Wn.parser.yy.LINETYPE.ACTIVE_START:ur.newActivation(t,n,r);break;case Wn.parser.yy.LINETYPE.ACTIVE_END:!function(t,e){var r=ur.endActivation(t);r.starty+18>e&&(r.starty=e-6,e+=12),$n.drawActivation(n,r,e,cr,gr(t.from.actor).length),ur.insert(r.startx,e-10,r.stopx,e)}(t,ur.getVerticalPos());break;case Wn.parser.yy.LINETYPE.LOOP_START:vr(u,t,cr.boxMargin,cr.boxMargin+cr.boxTextMargin,(function(t){return ur.newLoop(t)}));break;case Wn.parser.yy.LINETYPE.LOOP_END:e=ur.endLoop(),$n.drawLoop(n,e,"loop",cr),ur.bumpVerticalPos(e.stopy-ur.getVerticalPos()),ur.models.addLoop(e);break;case Wn.parser.yy.LINETYPE.RECT_START:vr(u,t,cr.boxMargin,cr.boxMargin,(function(t){return ur.newLoop(void 0,t.message)}));break;case Wn.parser.yy.LINETYPE.RECT_END:e=ur.endLoop(),$n.drawBackgroundRect(n,e),ur.models.addLoop(e),ur.bumpVerticalPos(e.stopy-ur.getVerticalPos());break;case Wn.parser.yy.LINETYPE.OPT_START:vr(u,t,cr.boxMargin,cr.boxMargin+cr.boxTextMargin,(function(t){return ur.newLoop(t)}));break;case Wn.parser.yy.LINETYPE.OPT_END:e=ur.endLoop(),$n.drawLoop(n,e,"opt",cr),ur.bumpVerticalPos(e.stopy-ur.getVerticalPos()),ur.models.addLoop(e);break;case Wn.parser.yy.LINETYPE.ALT_START:vr(u,t,cr.boxMargin,cr.boxMargin+cr.boxTextMargin,(function(t){return ur.newLoop(t)}));break;case Wn.parser.yy.LINETYPE.ALT_ELSE:vr(u,t,cr.boxMargin+cr.boxTextMargin,cr.boxMargin,(function(t){return ur.addSectionToLoop(t)}));break;case Wn.parser.yy.LINETYPE.ALT_END:e=ur.endLoop(),$n.drawLoop(n,e,"alt",cr),ur.bumpVerticalPos(e.stopy-ur.getVerticalPos()),ur.models.addLoop(e);break;case Wn.parser.yy.LINETYPE.PAR_START:vr(u,t,cr.boxMargin,cr.boxMargin+cr.boxTextMargin,(function(t){return ur.newLoop(t)}));break;case Wn.parser.yy.LINETYPE.PAR_AND:vr(u,t,cr.boxMargin+cr.boxTextMargin,cr.boxMargin,(function(t){return ur.addSectionToLoop(t)}));break;case Wn.parser.yy.LINETYPE.PAR_END:e=ur.endLoop(),$n.drawLoop(n,e,"par",cr),ur.bumpVerticalPos(e.stopy-ur.getVerticalPos()),ur.models.addLoop(e);break;default:try{(a=t.msgModel).starty=ur.getVerticalPos(),a.sequenceIndex=l,function(t,e){ur.bumpVerticalPos(10);var n=e.startx,r=e.stopx,i=e.starty,a=e.message,o=e.type,s=e.sequenceIndex,c=x.splitBreaks(a).length,u=H.calculateTextDimensions(a,lr(cr)),l=u.height/c;e.height+=l,ur.bumpVerticalPos(l);var h=$n.getTextObj();h.x=n,h.y=i+10,h.width=r-n,h.class="messageText",h.dy="1em",h.text=a,h.fontFamily=cr.messageFontFamily,h.fontSize=cr.messageFontSize,h.fontWeight=cr.messageFontWeight,h.anchor=cr.messageAlign,h.valign=cr.messageAlign,h.textMargin=cr.wrapPadding,h.tspan=!1,Fn(t,h);var f,d,p=u.height-10,g=u.width;if(n===r){d=ur.getVerticalPos()+p,cr.rightAngles?f=t.append("path").attr("d","M ".concat(n,",").concat(d," H ").concat(n+Math.max(cr.width/2,g/2)," V ").concat(d+25," H ").concat(n)):(p+=cr.boxMargin,d=ur.getVerticalPos()+p,f=t.append("path").attr("d","M "+n+","+d+" C "+(n+60)+","+(d-10)+" "+(n+60)+","+(d+30)+" "+n+","+(d+20))),p+=30;var y=Math.max(g/2,cr.width/2);ur.insert(n-y,ur.getVerticalPos()-10+p,r+y,ur.getVerticalPos()+30+p)}else p+=cr.boxMargin,d=ur.getVerticalPos()+p,(f=t.append("line")).attr("x1",n),f.attr("y1",d),f.attr("x2",r),f.attr("y2",d),ur.insert(n,d-10,r,d);o===Wn.parser.yy.LINETYPE.DOTTED||o===Wn.parser.yy.LINETYPE.DOTTED_CROSS||o===Wn.parser.yy.LINETYPE.DOTTED_POINT||o===Wn.parser.yy.LINETYPE.DOTTED_OPEN?(f.style("stroke-dasharray","3, 3"),f.attr("class","messageLine1")):f.attr("class","messageLine0");var v="";cr.arrowMarkerAbsolute&&(v=(v=(v=window.location.protocol+"//"+window.location.host+window.location.pathname+window.location.search).replace(/\(/g,"\\(")).replace(/\)/g,"\\)")),f.attr("stroke-width",2),f.attr("stroke","none"),f.style("fill","none"),o!==Wn.parser.yy.LINETYPE.SOLID&&o!==Wn.parser.yy.LINETYPE.DOTTED||f.attr("marker-end","url("+v+"#arrowhead)"),o!==Wn.parser.yy.LINETYPE.SOLID_POINT&&o!==Wn.parser.yy.LINETYPE.DOTTED_POINT||f.attr("marker-end","url("+v+"#filled-head)"),o!==Wn.parser.yy.LINETYPE.SOLID_CROSS&&o!==Wn.parser.yy.LINETYPE.DOTTED_CROSS||f.attr("marker-end","url("+v+"#crosshead)"),(sr.showSequenceNumbers()||cr.showSequenceNumbers)&&(f.attr("marker-start","url("+v+"#sequencenumber)"),t.append("text").attr("x",n).attr("y",d+4).attr("font-family","sans-serif").attr("font-size","12px").attr("text-anchor","middle").attr("textLength","16px").attr("class","sequenceNumber").text(s)),ur.bumpVerticalPos(p),e.height+=p,e.stopy=e.starty+e.height,ur.insert(e.fromBounds,e.starty,e.toBounds,e.stopy)}(n,a),ur.models.addMessage(a)}catch(t){c.error("error while drawing message",t)}}[Wn.parser.yy.LINETYPE.SOLID_OPEN,Wn.parser.yy.LINETYPE.DOTTED_OPEN,Wn.parser.yy.LINETYPE.SOLID,Wn.parser.yy.LINETYPE.DOTTED,Wn.parser.yy.LINETYPE.SOLID_CROSS,Wn.parser.yy.LINETYPE.DOTTED_CROSS,Wn.parser.yy.LINETYPE.SOLID_POINT,Wn.parser.yy.LINETYPE.DOTTED_POINT].includes(t.type)&&l++})),cr.mirrorActors&&(ur.bumpVerticalPos(2*cr.boxMargin),dr(n,r,i,ur.getVerticalPos()));var h=ur.getBounds().bounds;c.debug("For line height fix Querying: #"+e+" .actor-line"),Object(d.selectAll)("#"+e+" .actor-line").attr("y2",h.stopy);var f=h.stopy-h.starty+2*cr.diagramMarginY;cr.mirrorActors&&(f=f-cr.boxMargin+cr.bottomMarginAdj);var p=h.stopx-h.startx+2*cr.diagramMarginX;o&&n.append("text").text(o).attr("x",(h.stopx-h.startx)/2-2*cr.diagramMarginX).attr("y",-25),W(n,f,p,cr.useMaxWidth);var g=o?40:0;n.attr("viewBox",h.startx-cr.diagramMarginX+" -"+(cr.diagramMarginY+g)+" "+p+" "+(f+g)),c.debug("models:",ur.models)}},kr=n(27),wr=n.n(kr);function Er(t){return 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    + 抗日战争时期,河北省乐亭县靠滦河的东岸,有一个张家庄,是抗日根据地的边沿区。这个庄的抗日组织在共产党的领导下,按照毛主席的军事路线,积极开展抗日斗争。 +
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    + During the War of Resistance Against Japan, there was a place named Zhangjia Village, located on the east bank of the Luan River in Laoting County, which was in the border area of an anti-Japanese base. The village’s anti-Japanese organization was under the leadership of the Communist Party and actively carried out the anti-Japanese struggle in accordance with Chairman Mao’s military line. +
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    + 一九四二年夏天,盘踞在河西据点里的日寇,特务,伪军,经常出来抓老百姓,抢东西。村里人都恨透了这帮坏蛋。有一天,敌人到河东“讨伐”。把抗属张大爷种的一亩西瓜凡熟的都给抢吃了,临走还把他打了一顿。 +
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    + In the summer of 1942, Japanese invaders, spies, and puppet soldiers were stationed on the west side of the Luan River and often came out to take captive civilians and steal their things. Everyone in the village detested these bastards. One day, the enemy arrived at the east side of the river to “punish” the locals. They robbed and ate all the ripe watermelons on the patch of Uncle Zhang, a military dependent. Before leaving, they even beat him up. +
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    + 张大爷连伤带气,一病就起不来炕。那块西瓜地也就没人收拾了。 +
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    + Uncle Zhang was injured and annoyed, and he was bedridden. Also, no one was able to tidy up the watermelon patch. +
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    + 村干部研究了一下,决定委托儿童团看管瓜田。儿童团把这个任务交给了一个最勇敢而又有斗争经验的团员——泥鳅。 +
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    + Therefore, the village cadres discussed the matter and decided to entrust the Children’s Corps to take care of the melon patch. The Children’s Corps then gave this task to one of the bravest and most experienced League members: Niqiu. +
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    + 瓜地和村子隔着半里路宽的一个大水坑,坑里长着芦苇。泥鳅是穷人家的孩子,从小就学会了干活。他的水量很大,自从接受了看瓜的任务后,他每天都游水过去,照料西瓜。 +
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    + The watermelon patch and the village were separated by a big water pond, half a mile wide with reeds growing inside. Niqiu came from a poor family and had learned to work hard since he was a small kid. He was a good swimmer, so after he had accepted responsibility to protect the melons, he swam over each day to tend to the watermelons. +
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    + 泥鳅到了地理,总是闲不住,不是打瓜蔓,就是剜地蚕,嘴里还喊着:“沙瓤的大西瓜,谁吃谁甜掉牙!” +
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    + At the patch, Niqiu always was busy. When he was not cutting the melon vines, he was picking out earthworms, all the while shouting: “A huge watermelon full of mushy pulp sweetens everyone’s life!” +
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    + 由于泥鳅热心的收拾,又赶上雨水勤,瓜蔓爬满了地,小瓜又顶上来了,不到半月时间,个个长得比量米的柳条斗子还大。 +
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    + Because of Niqiu’s enthusiastic work, and the frequent rainfalls, the melon vines crawled over the whole field and the small watermelons began to grow again. Before half a month had passed, they had all grown even bigger than Niqiu’s wicker basket. +
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    + 村里帮着泥鳅把熟了的西瓜及时摘下来,拉到集上卖掉,用卖瓜的钱给张大爷买药、治病。 +
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    + The village people helped Niqiu pick the ripe watermelons in time and brought them to the market to sell them. With the money they earned, they bought medicine for Uncle Zhang and cured his injuries. +
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    + 一天,泥鳅把一个熟透了的大西瓜摘下来,洑着水把瓜运到张大爷家里。 +
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    + One day, Niqiu picked a very ripe watermelon. He took it to Uncle Zhang’s home by letting it float down the water. +
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    + 这时,张大爷的病已好多了,他见泥鳅送了瓜来,便高兴得一骨碌坐起来。泥鳅抱着大西瓜,叫他尝尝。 +
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    + By then, Uncle Zhang was feeling a lot better. When he saw Niqiu bringing the watermelon, he sat up, rejoicing. Niqiu held the huge watermelon in his arms and asked Uncle Zhang to try it. +
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    + 张大爷接过瓜,把瓜贴在耳朵上,听了又拍,拍了又听,嘴里不住称赞:“好瓜!好瓜!这瓜给多少钱也不卖,留着做种。” +
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    + After Uncle Zhang took the melon, he held it very close to his ear, listening and patting, patting and listening. He could not stop praising: “Such a good watermelon! Such a good watermelon! No matter how much money they give us, we’re not selling this one. We keep it for making seeds.” +
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    + 泥鳅拿起刀,在西瓜把儿上,“嗖” 地一旋,碗大的一块西瓜皮掉下来,露出鸡冠子色的沙瓤,瓤里包着油亮亮的黑籽。他们都用小勺挖着吃,把西瓜籽吐出来留作籽用。 +
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    + Niqiu picked up a knife, and – WHOOSH – let it down on the watermelon. A large piece of the watermelon fell off and revealed the cockscomb-coloured melon pulp, which was covered with shiny black seeds. They both dug out some pulp with small spoons and ate it, spitting out the watermelon seeds in order to use them as seeds. +
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    + 吃完瓜,泥鳅抱着掏空了的大西瓜皮,在西瓜皮上挖了两个小洞,把西瓜皮往头上一套,象个大头娃娃似的,扭搭起秧歌,到坑沿上去了。 +
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    + After eating the melon, Niqiu held the hollowed-out watermelon skin, cut two small holes into it and put the watermelon peel on his head, so he looked like a big-headed doll. Dancing a Yangge, he went to the edge of the water pond. +
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    + 泥鳅来到了水坑边上,水坑里有很多洗澡玩的孩子,扑通扑通地打着水。泥鳅悄悄地往水里一钻,只有一个套在头上的大西瓜皮留在水面上。 +
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    + When Niqiu came to the edge of the water pond, a lot of children were washing and playing in the water, splashing the water. Niqiu quietly waded into the water, only the watermelon peel was visible on the surface. +
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    + 一个孩子眼尖,站在水里喊道:“看那有个大西瓜,大西瓜!”一个猛子游过去,要去打捞大西瓜。 +
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    + One of the children had sharp eyes. He stood in the water and shouted: “Look, there’s a huge watermelon, a huge watermelon!”, a courageous child swam over to get the huge watermelon out of the water. +
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    + 其他的孩子也看到了,停止了“捉水猫猫”的游戏,都去捞那个大西瓜。西瓜在水面上一浮一浮的,孩子们追的快,瓜也游的快。 +
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    + Other children also saw it, so they stopped the game of “catch the water cat” and went to catch the huge watermelon. The watermelon was floating on the surface. As the children were chasing it fast, it was also swimming fast. +
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    + 一个机灵的孩子停住了,喊道:“别追了,这西瓜有 '鬼',这是引咱们往深水里去,好淹死我们。”孩子们都害怕了,不敢再追。 +
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    + A clever child stopped and yelled: “Stop chasing, there’s a ghost in this watermelon, it’s leading us into the deep water to drown us.” The children got scared and did not dare to continue their chase. +
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    + 孩子们都上了岸,眼巴巴的看着这个大西瓜。泥鳅从小洞里看见他们害怕的样子,不由得想笑。 +
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    + The children all went ashore, looking anxiously at the huge watermelon. Niqiu watched their frightened expressions through the small holes in the watermelon and could not help wanting to laugh. +
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    + 他手一按,脚一踩,半个身子露出水面来。他晃着西瓜头,高兴地唱起了秧歌调。 +
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    + He pushed with his hands, stomped with his feet and the upper part of his body emerged from the water. He shook his watermelon head and happily began to sing a Yangge tune. +
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    + 小伙伴二嘎子听出是泥鳅的声音,便一挥手喊起来:“走哇!打这个大头鬼!” 于是十几个孩子一齐跳下水,朝泥鳅追去。 +
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    + When Little Ergazi recognized Niqiu’s voice, he waved his hand and shouted: “Let’s go! Beat this big-headed ghost!” Following that, a dozen children collectively jumped into the water and chased after Niqiu. +
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    + 一群孩子对付泥鳅一个人,在水里打起水仗来。烂泥从四面八方向他扔来,打得西瓜皮咚咚直响,泥鳅转着圈儿迎击。 +
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    + It was a bunch of kids against Niqiu alone, starting a battle in the water. Mud was thrown at Niqiu from all directions, hitting the watermelon skin with a thud. Niqiu, spinning in circles, retaliated. +
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    + 打了一阵,泥鳅使了个空城计,他悄悄地把头从瓜皮里退出来,一个猛子扎到大苇塘里,掏水鸟蛋去了,他的小伙伴们还向瓜皮上扔泥呢。 +
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    + After fighting for a while, Niqiu made a feint. He carefully backed his head away from the watermelon, rapidly went into the big reed pond and went to dig for waterbird eggs. His comrades were still throwing mud at the watermelon skin. +
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    + 忽然坑西边有人大声喊:“敌人来啦!”孩子们一听,赶忙上岸钻进了高粱地。 +
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    + Suddenly, someone screamed from the west of the pond: “The enemies are coming!” As soon as the children heard that, they hurriedly went ashore and slipped into the sorghum field. +
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    + 泥鳅正在苇塘里掏水鸟蛋,离坑沿远,耳朵眼里又塞着秫秸芯,没有听见喊声。等他出了苇塘一看,哟!人都哪儿去了呢?水坑里只有那个西瓜皮还漂在水面上。 +
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    + In the reed pond Niqiu was digging for water bird eggs, far away from the edge of the pond, and since his ears and eyes were filled with sorghum sticks, he did not hear the shout. When he got out of the reed and looked around, he thought: “Oh! Where is everyone?” Only the watermelon skin was still floating on the surface of the water. +
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    + 他上了西岸,站直了身子,看了看自己的影子,影子还矮着哩。心想:“还不到下半晌,为什么都走了?” +
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    + He got onto the west bank, stood up straight and looked at his shadow which was still short. He thought: “It’s not yet afternoon, why did they all leave?” +
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    + 他抖掉头上的水,正在坑沿上四下张望,一个乡亲从西往东跑过来,向后指着对泥鳅说:“快跑!汉奸队又来啦!” +
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    + He shook the water off his head and looked around the edge of the pond when a villager came running past from west to east, pointing backwards and saying to Niqiu: “Run away! The traitors are returning!” +
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    + 泥鳅听了,手一扳树杈,就上了坑沿那棵弯弯的老柳树,手打眼罩往西一看,十几个伪军,正顺着小路往这边走。 +
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    + When Niqiu heard this, he grabbed a tree branch and pulled himself up onto the curved old willow tree at the pond. Using his hand as a visor, he looked westwards and saw a dozen or so puppet soldiers walking along a small path towards him. +
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    + 那个老乡叫他快走,泥鳅看了看瓜地,咬了咬嘴唇说:“大叔你走吧,我还要看瓜!”那个老乡说:“看瓜?这可不是闹着玩的!上回那些坏蛋来,吃了瓜还把张大爷打了一顿。” +
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    + The villager told him to run away, but Niqiu looked at the melon patch, bit his lip and said: “You go ahead, Uncle! I need to watch over the melons!” The villager answered: “Watch over the melons? This is not a joke! Last time those bastards came, they ate the melons and beat up Uncle Zhang.” +
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    一提这件事,泥鳅气就来了,他愤愤地说:“我不能让他们白吃张大爷的瓜,是谁吃的,我都给他记上,有机会,都得叫他们还帐。”

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    When this was mentioned, Niqiu’s anger rose again. He said angrily: “I can’t let them eat Uncle Zhang’s melons for free. Whoever ate them, I’ll put that on his bill, and I’ll make them pay for it when I get the chance.”

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    + 那位老乡见劝不动他,只好走了。泥鳅抓住一条树枝一悠,“扑通”一声,就扎到水里,把西瓜皮又套到了头上,站在没脖儿深的水里。 +
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    + The villager saw that Niqiu could not be persuaded, so he could only walk away. Niqiu grabbed a long tree branch, swung himself and - SPLASH - plunged into the water. He put the watermelon skin on his head again and stood in the water which did not reach his neck. +
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    + 一会儿,便衣队特务和两个伪军来到西瓜地里,满地里找西瓜,也没找到一个熟的,他们气的把瓜秧全给拔了,生西瓜蛋踢得满地乱滚。 +
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    + After a while, a plain clothes spy and two puppet soldiers came to the watermelon patch and searched the whole ground for melons but could not find a single ripe one. They became so angry that they pulled up all the melon seedlings and kicked the unripe melons all over the place. +
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    + 糟踏了一阵,他们站在坑沿上,用高粱叶子作扇子,扇着体息,口渴得直舐嘴唇。 +
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    + After trampling for a while, they stood on the edge of the pond and used sorghum leaves as fans. Fanning, they rested and licked their lips with thirst. +
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    + 那个高个子的伪军忽然向坑里指着说:“大西瓜!”小个儿马上说:“是我先看见的!”两个伪军争着要脱衣服下水去捞。 +
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    + Suddenly, the tall puppet soldier pointed at the pond and said: “Look at the huge watermelon!” The short one immediately replied: “I saw it first!” The two puppet soldiers vied to undress in order to get into the water and fish it out. +
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    + 那个便衣特务呲着满嘴金牙得意地说:“你们俩谁也别抢,是我先看见的。”说着,就抢先穿着肥大的灯笼裤下了水。 +
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    + The spy bared his mouth full of gold teeth and said complacently: “Neither of you snatch it, I saw it first.” As he was speaking, he rushed into the water in his loosely fitting knickerbockers. +
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    + 岸上两个伪军气得撅着嘴说:“这坑水可深,小心淹死你。”便衣特务得意地说:“老子淹不死。这是种瓜的老头特意为我留的,要不是上次教训了他一顿,今天他能给我留吗?” +
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    + Pouting with anger, the two puppet soldiers on the bank said: “That pond is really deep, be careful not to drown.” The spy said proudly: “I won’t drown. The old man who grows melons reserved this one especially for me. If I hadn’t taught him a lesson last time, would he have saved one for me today?” +
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    + 泥鳅见便衣特务朝自己走来,水圈一环环地从他脖子上涌过,他看到特务那个不会水的样子,想起了“千斤牛入水,斗不过大鲤鱼”,就壮起了胆。 +
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    + Niqiu saw the spy coming towards him, ripples on the water around his neck. Upon realizing that the spy could not swim well, he recalled the saying: “When thousand pounds of cattle enter the water, they cannot defeat a carp”, and mustered up his courage. +
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    + 特务晃晃悠悠地蹚着水向西瓜走来,高兴得鼻子眼睛全挤在一块了。眼看就快要够到手了,突然“妈呀!”一声不见了。 +
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    + The spy wiggled and waded towards the watermelon and squeezed his nose and eyes in happiness. As he was reaching for the melon, a sudden “Oh my!” was followed by an abrupt silence. +
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    + 两个伪军以为这小子故意装的,高个子伪军说:“别得了便宜卖乘,没人跟你抢!”小个子伪军看着冒出水面的水泡说:“上来吧,别在那吐泡了!” +
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    + The two puppet soldiers thought he was just pretending, so the tall one said: “Stop acting, no one's going to fight you for it!” Watching the bubbles rise up to the surface, the short one said: “Come on up, stop blowing bubbles there!” +
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    + 半袋烟的功夫过去了,特务也没露面。这时两个伪军才觉察到出了事。高个子让小个子先下去看看,小个子说:“瓜是你先看见的,应该你先下去。”他俩谁也不敢下去,只在岸上乱叫。 +
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    + They smoked half a pack of cigarettes, yet the spy did not reappear. Only now, the two soldiers realized that something was wrong. The tall one ordered the small one to go down first and take a look, but the small one said: “You saw the melon first, so you should be the one to go down there first.” Neither of them dared to go down, they just stood at the bank and shouted. +
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    + 再说泥鳅把那个特务拖下水去灌饱之后,就拉着他的腿绕过菱角坑,荷花塘,一口气把他拖到了大苇塘里。 +
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    + After Niqiu dragged the spy down into the water to fill him up, he pulled him by the legs around the water chestnut pond, the lotus pond, and the big reed pond in one go. +
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    + 特务躺在苇塘中间的一个小土岗上,肚子鼓的活象个大气蛤蟆。泥鳅气喘吁吁地蹲在一边,一时不知该怎么办好。他想把这家伙再推下水去,又一想,留着他,抗日政府可能能从他身上了解点敌人的情况。 +
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    + The spy laid on a small hill in the middle of the reed pond. His big belly resembled a huge toad. Breathing heavily, Niqiu sat next to him. All of a sudden, he did not know what to do. He wanted to drag the guy back into the water, but thought it over. He could leave him so that the anti-Japanese government might learn something about the situation of the enemy from him. +
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    + 于是,泥鳅找了一块破碗碴儿,把特务的牙给撬了个缝,一股黑水从牙缝里淌出来。 +
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    + Then, Niqiu found a small piece of a broken bowl. With the help of this shard, wedged between the teeth of the spy, Niqiu pried open the spy’s mouth, and black water flowed out. +
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    + 过了一会儿,特务缓过气来了,肚子一鼓一鼓的。泥鳅一看,好像觉得特务变长了,心想:“这么大个家伙,我怎么弄得过他呢?” +
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    + After a while, the spy was relieved and his stomach bulged. Niqiu had a look, and it seemed that the spy had grown bigger. Niqiu thought: “What a big guy, how did I manage to overwhelm him?” +
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    + 泥鳅小眼睛一眨,想了个主意。他扯了一把青苇子在地上踩了,拧成了一条绳子,趁特务还没清醒过来,把他的两手捆了个结结实实。 +
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    + Niqiu blinked with his small eyes and had an idea. He pulled a handful of green reeds, stepped them on the ground, twisting them into a rope. While the spy was still unconscious, he tied his hands together tightly. +
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    + 特务醒过来了,他在地上直打滚。泥鳅命令他:“不准动!”特务一见是个孩子,就假装求饶说:“老弟,放开我吧!” +
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    + The spy woke up and rolled back and forth on the ground. Niqiu commanded: “Freeze!” When the spy realized that Niqiu was just a child, he pretended to ask for forgiveness and said, “Little one, set me free!” +
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    + 泥鳅气愤地指着他说:“谁叫你当汉奸欺侮中国人哪?谁叫你抢了张大爷的瓜?”特务赶忙说:“吃瓜我给钱,快给我解开,我好给你掏钱。” +
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    + Niqiu pointed at him furiously and said, “Who told you to become a traitor and bully the Chinese people? Who told you to rob Uncle Zhang's melons?” The spy answered in a rush: “I'll pay for the melon, untie me quickly, so that I can pay you.” +
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    + 泥鳅笑呵呵地说:“等我把你送到抗日政府,咱俩到那再算账。”特务看软的不行,便用硬的威胁,可是毛泽东思想哺育成长起来的儿童不听这一套,威胁利诱对他们行不通。 +
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    + Niqiu laughed: “Just wait until I have sent you to the anti-Japanese government, we will settle our accounts there.” When the spy saw that soft words would not work, he used hard threats, but children raised by Mao Zedong's Thought do not listen to such kinds of threats, and temptations have no effect on them. +
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    + 正在这时,突然“砰! 砰!”两声枪响,子弹飞过苇塘的上空。泥鳅赶紧趴在地上,这枪子是那两个伪军放的,他们为了壮壮胆,朝天放了两枪就走了。 +
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    + At that moment – BANG, BANG! – suddenly two shots rang out, and the bullets flew over the reed pond. Niqiu hurriedly got down on the ground. The two puppet soldiers had fired the shots. In order to strengthen their courage, they had fired the two shots towards the sky and fled. +
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    + 忽然,泥鳅听见特务在一块石头上磨绳子,走近一看,苇绳快被特务挣断了。 +
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    + Suddenly, Niqiu heard the spy grinding the rope on a rock, and when he came closer, he saw that the rope was about to be torn apart. +
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    + 泥鳅猛地骑在特务身上,一边用拳头打,一边狠狠地骂着。特务死命挣扎,两个人就在坑沿边滚了起来。 +
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    + Niqiu violently got on top of the spy, punching him with his fists as he cursed him viciously. The spy struggled for his dear life as the two rolled around on the edge of the pond. +
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    + 特务打不过泥鳅,就高声喊叫救命。泥鳅想堵住他的嘴,又没东西堵,特务的喊声越来越大,泥鳅怕被伪军听见,只得又把他推下水去. +
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    + The spy was unable to defeat Niqiu, so he called for help. Niqiu wanted to stuff his mouth, but as he didn’t find anything, the spy’s shouting became louder and louder. Niqiu was afraid that the puppet soldiers would hear him, so he pushed him into the water again. +
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    + 特务在水里喝着水,象是葫芦头灌香油似的,“咕嘟嘟,咕嘟嘟”,水面上冒起了一串串水泡泡。 +
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    + GLUG, GLUG – The spy drank from the water like a bottle gourd from sesame oil, and a stream of bubbles rose to the surface. +
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    + 敌人走后,张家庄的人都回来了,就是不见泥鳅。大伙四下里找寻着,到处都在喊着:“泥鳅!泥——鳅——” +
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    + After the enemy had left, all the villagers of Zhangjia Village returned, but Niqiu was nowhere to be seen. Everybody was searching for him in all directions and shouted: “Niqiu! Niiiiiiqiuuuuuuuuuuu!” +
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    + 泥鳅听了,使用两手卷成个筒筒,放在嘴上,拉长声音回答说:“我在这儿哪!” +
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    + When Niqiu heard them, he formed his hands to a tube, raised them to his mouth and answered: “I am heeeeeeeere!” +
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    + 泥鳅把喝饱水的特务又拖到东岸上。大伙一看,都高兴地说:“泥鳅真是共产党教育出来的好孩子,又为乡亲们除了一害!”泥鳅充满信心地表示:“要消灭这些害人虫,把日本鬼子赶出中国去!取得抗战的全部胜利!” +
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    + Niqiu pulled the spy, who had had enough to drink, to the east bank. When everybody saw this, they happily said: “Niqiu is a good boy educated by the Communist Party, he averted yet another harm to the villagers!” Niqiu said with confidence: “Let’s destroy this vermin and drive the Japanese devils out of China! Let’s achieve total victory in the war!” +
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    + Niqiu Protects the Watermelons 泥鳅看瓜 (1974) + # +

    +

    Niqiu Protects the Watermelons 泥鳅看瓜, illustrated by Zhong Shan 钟山, translated by Laura Aymar, Bettina Jin, Piet Kortenjan, Lena Henningsen, Sascha Sacknieß, Sophia Schöller, Joschua Seiler, Miriam Stadler, Yixiong Wang and Jenny Wiggermann, Tianjian: Tianjin renmin meishu chubanshe, 1974. (No author or editor named).1

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    + Introduction to the Text + # +

    +

    Lena Henningsen

    +

    The first two pages set the scene for this story which takes place during the Second World War in China – or, rather, during the War of Resistance against Japan, as the Second World War (1937-1945) is commonly termed in China. The story takes place in Zhangjia Village which could also be translated as Zhang Family Village in Hebei Province. Despite the clear location, Zhangjia Village could be anywhere where fighting took place among the communist forces of the People’s Liberation Army and the Japanese invaders. These fights, the reader of this comic book learns soon, directly impacted the villagers as they fought on different sides. The village has been liberated and is now headed by cadres of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP), who continue the fight against the threats posed by the invaders. The kids in the village are organized in a Children’s Corps, and Uncle Zhang is described as a family member of a member of the communist forces on page 2 (抗属, translated here as “military dependent”), rendering him a respected member of the community. On the enemy’s side, there are the Japanese soldiers, and, more despicable in the eyes of the local villagers, there are puppet soldiers (伪军), i.e. Chinese soldiers who fought for the Japanese invaders, and later on traitors (汉奸队 26), including a plain clothes spy (便衣队特务 31).

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    The time of action is specified to 1942, which marks one of the turning points in the history of the CCP. The CCP had set up headquarters in Yan’an (Shaanxi Province). 1942 saw the beginning of the first rectification campaign (延安整风运动) through which Mao Zedong consolidated his power. The reference to the Yangge tradition (秧歌, pages 13 and 19) also serves as a reference to the revolutionary, pre-1949 past of the CCP. Yangge are a popular dance form originating in rural North China. The CCP used this dance form as a tool to disseminate socialist ideas among the population.

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    The second historical point of reference for an understanding of the story is 1974, the year of its publication. After the tumultuous early years of the Cultural Revolution, the country is returning to a distinct level of normalcy, including the fact that publishing houses resume publishing new works of art, including pocket-sized lianhuanhua 连环画. With their combination of images and brief texts and with their entertaining qualities, these books addressed young readers in particular and thus could be used for their educational and propagandistic values. The story celebrates the heroism of Niqiu, a courageous and honest young boy who is clearly created to serve as a role model for his young readers. Niqiu is given the task to oversee the watermelons because of his integrity and because he is a good swimmer: He needs to cover a distance of half a Chinese mile (里) each day (5). Historically, the length of a mile varied depending on regions, today it is defined as half a kilometer, so half a mile equals 250 m – indicating that the water pond is rather big, and that Niqiu is a good swimmer.

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    The story contains scenes of youthful play and of careless mischief. At the same time, the children are called upon to contribute to the rightful cause – to which Niqiu responds by taking up the fight himself, despite the warnings of an older villager. A careful reading may reveal that the children’s playfulness anticipates a contribution to the larger cause. When Niqiu fools his friends using the watermelon, this trap is referred to with the term 空城计 (literally “empty city strategy” in which an enemy is deceived into thinking that an undefended location is full of ambushes, thus causing the enemy to retreat 22) which can be traced back to the 36 Stratagems, thus locating the plot both within the Chinese tradition and within the 1970s when the 36 Stratagems continued to be referred to. Moreover, it frames the story of a young boy within the realm of strategies of military defense against a potent enemy.

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    His courageousness is crowned with victory – and framed within the proper rhetoric of the Cultural Revolution. He resists the threats of the spy, as “children raised by Mao Zedong's Thought do not listen to such kinds of threats, and temptations have no effect on them.” (47) And the villagers similarly make an explicit connection between Niqiu’s success and the efforts of the CCP by stating: “Niqiu is a good boy educated by the Communist Party, he averted yet another harm to the villagers!” (57). As such the lianhuanhua is as much a witness to the historical past of the War of Resistance against Japan as it is a witness of the rhetoric of its Cultural Revolutionary present.

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    + Front and back cover +
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    + Frontmatter +
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    + Page 01 +
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    + +抗日战争时期,河北省乐亭县靠滦河的东岸,有一个张家庄,是抗日根据地的边沿区。这个庄的抗日组织在共产党的领导下,按照毛主席的军事路线,积极开展抗日斗争。 During the War of Resistance Against Japan, there was a place named Zhangjia Village, located on the east bank of the Luan River in Laoting County, which was in the border area of an anti-Japanese base. The village’s anti-Japanese organization was under the leadership of the Communist Party and actively carried out the anti-Japanese struggle in accordance with Chairman Mao’s military line. +
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    + Page 02 +
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    + 一九四二年夏天,盘踞在河西据点里的日寇,特务,伪军,经常出来抓老百姓,抢东西。村里人都恨透了这帮坏蛋。有一天,敌人到河东“讨伐”。把抗属张大爷种的一亩西瓜凡熟的都给抢吃了,临走还把他打了一顿。 In the summer of 1942, Japanese invaders, spies, and puppet soldiers were stationed on the west side of the Luan River and often came out to take captive civilians and steal their things. Everyone in the village detested these bastards. One day, the enemy arrived at the east side of the river to “punish” the locals. They robbed and ate all the ripe watermelons on the patch of Uncle Zhang, a military dependent. +
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    + +张大爷连伤带气,一病就起不来炕。那块西瓜地也就没人收拾了。 Uncle Zhang was injured and annoyed, and he was bedridden. Also, no one was able to tidy up the watermelon patch. +
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    + +村干部研究了一下,决定委托儿童团看管瓜田。儿童团把这个任务交给了一个最勇敢而又有斗争经验的团员——泥鳅。 Therefore, the village cadres discussed the matter and decided to entrust the Children’s Corps to take care of the melon patch. The Children’s Corps then gave this task to one of the bravest and most experienced League members: Niqiu. +
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    + +瓜地和村子隔着半里路宽的一个大水坑,坑里长着芦苇。泥鳅是穷人家的孩子,从小就学会了干活。他的水量很大,自从接受了看瓜的任务后,他每天都游水过去,照料西瓜。 The watermelon patch and the village were separated by a big water pond, half a mile wide with reeds growing inside. Niqiu came from a poor family and had learned to work hard since he was a small kid. He was a good swimmer, so after he had accepted responsibility to protect the melons, he swam over each day to tend to the watermelons. +
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    + Page 06 +
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    + +泥鳅到了地理,总是闲不住,不是打瓜蔓,就是剜地蚕,嘴里还喊着:“沙瓤的大西瓜,谁吃谁甜掉牙!” At the patch, Niqiu always was busy. When he was not cutting the melon vines, he was picking out earthworms, all the while shouting: “A huge watermelon full of mushy pulp sweetens everyone’s life!” +
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    + Page 07 +
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    + +由于泥鳅热心的收拾,又赶上雨水勤,瓜蔓爬满了地,小瓜又顶上来了,不到半月时间,个个长得比量米的柳条斗子还大。 Because of Niqiu’s enthusiastic work, and the frequent rainfalls, the melon vines crawled over the whole field and the small watermelons began to grow again. Before half a month had passed, they had all grown even bigger than Niqiu’s wicker basket. +
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    + Page 08 +
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    + +村里帮着泥鳅把熟了的西瓜及时摘下来,拉到集上卖掉,用卖瓜的钱给张大爷买药、治病。 The village people helped Niqiu pick the ripe watermelons in time and brought them to the market to sell them. With the money they earned, they bought medicine for Uncle Zhang and cured his injuries. +
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    + +一天,泥鳅把一个熟透了的大西瓜摘下来,洑着水把瓜运到张大爷家里。 One day, Niqiu picked a very ripe watermelon. He took it to Uncle Zhang’s home by letting it float down the water. +
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    + Page 10 +
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    + +这时,张大爷的病已好多了,他见泥鳅送了瓜来,便高兴得一骨碌坐起来。泥鳅抱着大西瓜,叫他尝尝。 By then, Uncle Zhang was feeling a lot better. When he saw Niqiu bringing the watermelon, he sat up, rejoicing. Niqiu held the huge watermelon in his arms and asked Uncle Zhang to try it. +
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    + Page 11 +
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    + +张大爷接过瓜,把瓜贴在耳朵上,听了又拍,拍了又听,嘴里不住称赞:“好瓜!好瓜!这瓜给多少钱也不卖,留着做种。” After Uncle Zhang took the melon, he held it very close to his ear, listening and patting, patting and listening. He could not stop praising: “Such a good watermelon! Such a good watermelon! No matter how much money they give us, we’re not selling this one. We keep it for making seeds.” +
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    + +泥鳅拿起刀,在西瓜把儿上,“嗖” 地一旋,碗大的一块西瓜皮掉下来,露出鸡冠子色的沙瓤,瓤里包着油亮亮的黑籽。他们都用小勺挖着吃,把西瓜籽吐出来留作籽用。 Niqiu picked up a knife, and – WHOOSH – let it down on the watermelon. A large piece of the watermelon fell off and revealed the cockscomb-coloured melon pulp, which was covered with shiny black seeds. They both dug out some pulp with small spoons and ate it, spitting out the watermelon seeds in order to use them as seeds. +
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    + Page 13 +
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    + +吃完瓜,泥鳅抱着掏空了的大西瓜皮,在西瓜皮上挖了两个小洞,把西瓜皮往头上一套,象个大头娃娃似的,扭搭起秧歌,到坑沿上去了。 After eating the melon, Niqiu held the hollowed-out watermelon skin, cut two small holes into it and put the watermelon peel on his head, so he looked like a big-headed doll. Dancing a Yangge, he went to the edge of the water pond. +
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    + +泥鳅来到了水坑边上,水坑里有很多洗澡玩的孩子,扑通扑通地打着水。泥鳅悄悄地往水里一钻,只有一个套在头上的大西瓜皮留在水面上。 When Niqiu came to the edge of the water pond, a lot of children were washing and playing in the water, splashing the water. Niqiu quietly waded into the water, only the watermelon peel was visible on the surface. +
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    + Page 15 +
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    + +一个孩子眼尖,站在水里喊道:“看那有个大西瓜,大西瓜!”一个猛子游过去,要去打捞大西瓜。 One of the children had sharp eyes. He stood in the water and shouted: “Look, there’s a huge watermelon, a huge watermelon!”, a courageous child swam over to get the huge watermelon out of the water. +
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    + Page 16 +
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    + +其他的孩子也看到了,停止了“捉水猫猫”的游戏,都去捞那个大西瓜。西瓜在水面上一浮一浮的,孩子们追的快,瓜也游的快。 Other children also saw it, so they stopped the game of “catch the water cat” and went to catch the huge watermelon. The watermelon was floating on the surface. As the children were chasing it fast, it was also swimming fast. +
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    + Page 17 +
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    + +一个机灵的孩子停住了,喊道:“别追了,这西瓜有 '鬼',这是引咱们往深水里去,好淹死我们。”孩子们都害怕了,不敢再追。 A clever child stopped and yelled: “Stop chasing, there’s a ghost in this watermelon, it’s leading us into the deep water to drown us.” The children got scared and did not dare to continue their chase. +
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    + Page 18 +
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    + +孩子们都上了岸,眼巴巴的看着这个大西瓜。泥鳅从小洞里看见他们害怕的样子,不由得想笑。 The children all went ashore, looking anxiously at the huge watermelon. Niqiu watched their frightened expressions through the small holes in the watermelon and could not help wanting to laugh. +
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    + Page 19 +
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    + +他手一按,脚一踩,半个身子露出水面来。他晃着西瓜头,高兴地唱起了秧歌调。 He pushed with his hands, stomped with his feet and the upper part of his body emerged from the water. He shook his watermelon head and happily began to sing a Yangge tune. +
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    + +小伙伴二嘎子听出是泥鳅的声音,便一挥手喊起来:“走哇!打这个大头鬼!” 于是十几个孩子一齐跳下水,朝泥鳅追去。 When Little Ergazi recognized Niqiu’s voice, he waved his hand and shouted: “Let’s go! Beat this big-headed ghost!” Following that, a dozen children collectively jumped into the water and chased after Niqiu. +
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    + +一群孩子对付泥鳅一个人,在水里打起水仗来。烂泥从四面八方向他扔来,打得西瓜皮咚咚直响,泥鳅转着圈儿迎击。 It was a bunch of kids against Niqiu alone, starting a battle in the water. Mud was thrown at Niqiu from all directions, hitting the watermelon skin with a thud. Niqiu, spinning in circles, retaliated. +
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    + +打了一阵,泥鳅使了个空城计,他悄悄地把头从瓜皮里退出来,一个猛子扎到大苇塘里,掏水鸟蛋去了,他的小伙伴们还向瓜皮上扔泥呢。 After fighting for a while, Niqiu made a feint. He carefully backed his head away from the watermelon, rapidly went into the big reed pond and went to dig for waterbird eggs. His comrades were still throwing mud at the watermelon skin. +
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    + +忽然坑西边有人大声喊:“敌人来啦!”孩子们一听,赶忙上岸钻进了高粱地。 Suddenly, someone screamed from the west of the pond: “The enemies are coming!” As soon as the children heard that, they hurriedly went ashore and slipped into the sorghum field. +
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    + +泥鳅正在苇塘里掏水鸟蛋,离坑沿远,耳朵眼里又塞着秫秸芯,没有听见喊声。等他出了苇塘一看,哟!人都哪儿去了呢?水坑里只有那个西瓜皮还漂在水面上。 In the reed pond Niqiu was digging for water bird eggs, far away from the edge of the pond, and since his ears and eyes were filled with sorghum sticks, he did not hear the shout. When he got out of the reed and looked around, he thought: “Oh! Where is everyone?” Only the watermelon skin was still floating on the surface of the water. +
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    + +他上了西岸,站直了身子,看了看自己的影子,影子还矮着哩。心想:“还不到下半晌,为什么都走了?” He got onto the west bank, stood up straight and looked at his shadow which was still short. He thought: “It’s not yet afternoon, why did they all leave?” +
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    + +他抖掉头上的水,正在坑沿上四下张望,一个乡亲从西往东跑过来,向后指着对泥鳅说:“快跑!汉奸队又来啦!” He shook the water off his head and looked around the edge of the pond when a villager came running past from west to east, pointing backwards and saying to Niqiu: “Run away! The traitors are returning!” +
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    + +泥鳅听了,手一扳树杈,就上了坑沿那棵弯弯的老柳树,手打眼罩往西一看,十几个伪军,正顺着小路往这边走。 When Niqiu heard this, he grabbed a tree branch and pulled himself up onto the curved old willow tree at the pond. Using his hand as a visor, he looked westwards and saw a dozen or so puppet soldiers walking along a small path towards him. +
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    + +那个老乡叫他快走,泥鳅看了看瓜地,咬了咬嘴唇说:“大叔你走吧,我还要看瓜!”那个老乡说:“看瓜?这可不是闹着玩的!上回那些坏蛋来,吃了瓜还把张大爷打了一顿。” The villager told him to run away, but Niqiu looked at the melon patch, bit his lip and said: “You go ahead, Uncle! I need to watch over the melons!” The villager answered: “Watch over the melons? This is not a joke! Last time those bastards came, they ate the melons and beat up Uncle Zhang.” +
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    + 一提这件事,泥鳅气就来了,他愤愤地说:“我不能让他们白吃张大爷的瓜,是谁吃的,我都给他记上,有机会,都得叫他们还帐。” +When this was mentioned, Niqiu’s anger rose again. He said angrily: “I can’t let them eat Uncle Zhang’s melons for free. Whoever ate them, I’ll put that on his bill, and I’ll make them pay for it when I get the chance.” +
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    + Page 30 +
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    + +那位老乡见劝不动他,只好走了。泥鳅抓住一条树枝一悠,“扑通”一声,就扎到水里,把西瓜皮又套到了头上,站在没脖儿深的水里。 The villager saw that Niqiu could not be persuaded, so he could only walk away. Niqiu grabbed a long tree branch, swung himself and - SPLASH - plunged into the water. He put the watermelon skin on his head again and stood in the water which did not reach his neck. +
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    + Page 31 +
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    + +一会儿,便衣队特务和两个伪军来到西瓜地里,满地里找西瓜,也没找到一个熟的,他们气的把瓜秧全给拔了,生西瓜蛋踢得满地乱滚。 After a while, a plain clothes spy and two puppet soldiers came to the watermelon patch and searched the whole ground for melons but could not find a single ripe one. They became so angry that they pulled up all the melon seedlings and kicked the unripe melons all over the place. +
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    + Page 32 +
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    + +糟踏了一阵,他们站在坑沿上,用高粱叶子作扇子,扇着体息,口渴得直舐嘴唇。 After trampling for a while, they stood on the edge of the pond and used sorghum leaves as fans. Fanning, they rested and licked their lips with thirst. +
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    + Page 33 +
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    + +那个高个子的伪军忽然向坑里指着说:“大西瓜!”小个儿马上说:“是我先看见的!”两个伪军争着要脱衣服下水去捞。 Suddenly, the tall puppet soldier pointed at the pond and said: “Look at the huge watermelon!” The short one immediately replied: “I saw it first!” The two puppet soldiers vied to undress in order to get into the water and fish it out. +
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    + Page 34 +
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    + +那个便衣特务呲着满嘴金牙得意地说:“你们俩谁也别抢,是我先看见的。”说着,就抢先穿着肥大的灯笼裤下了水。 The spy bared his mouth full of gold teeth and said complacently: “Neither of you snatch it, I saw it first.” As he was speaking, he rushed into the water in his loosely fitting knickerbockers. +
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    + +岸上两个伪军气得撅着嘴说:“这坑水可深,小心淹死你。”便衣特务得意地说:“老子淹不死。这是种瓜的老头特意为我留的,要不是上次教训了他一顿,今天他能给我留吗?” Pouting with anger, the two puppet soldiers on the bank said: “That pond is really deep, be careful not to drown.” The spy said proudly: “I won’t drown. The old man who grows melons reserved this one especially for me. If I hadn’t taught him a lesson last time, would he have saved one for me today?” +
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    + +泥鳅见便衣特务朝自己走来,水圈一环环地从他脖子上涌过,他看到特务那个不会水的样子,想起了“千斤牛入水,斗不过大鲤鱼”,就壮起了胆。 Niqiu saw the spy coming towards him, ripples on the water around his neck. Upon realizing that the spy could not swim well, he recalled the saying: “When thousand pounds of cattle enter the water, they cannot defeat a carp”, and mustered up his courage. +
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    + +特务晃晃悠悠地蹚着水向西瓜走来,高兴得鼻子眼睛全挤在一块了。眼看就快要够到手了,突然“妈呀!”一声不见了。 The spy wiggled and waded towards the watermelon and squeezed his nose and eyes in happiness. As he was reaching for the melon, a sudden “Oh my!” was followed by an abrupt silence. +
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    + +两个伪军以为这小子故意装的,高个子伪军说:“别得了便宜卖乘,没人跟你抢!”小个子伪军看着冒出水面的水泡说:“上来吧,别在那吐泡了!” The two puppet soldiers thought he was just pretending, so the tall one said: “Stop acting, no one's going to fight you for it!” Watching the bubbles rise up to the surface, the short one said: “Come on up, stop blowing bubbles there!” +
    + +
    + Page 39 +
    +
    + 半袋烟的功夫过去了,特务也没露面。这时两个伪军才觉察到出了事。高个子让小个子先下去看看,小个子说:“瓜是你先看见的,应该你先下去。”他俩谁也不敢下去,只在岸上乱叫。 They smoked half a pack of cigarettes, yet the spy did not reappear. Only now, the two soldiers realized that something was wrong. The tall one ordered the small one to go down first and take a look, but the small one said: “You saw the melon first, so you should be the one to go down there first.” Neither of them dared to go down, they just stood at the bank and shouted. +
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    + Page 40 +
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    + +再说泥鳅把那个特务拖下水去灌饱之后,就拉着他的腿绕过菱角坑,荷花塘,一口气把他拖到了大苇塘里。 After Niqiu dragged the spy down into the water to fill him up, he pulled him by the legs around the water chestnut pond, the lotus pond, and the big reed pond in one go. +
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    + 特务躺在苇塘中间的一个小土岗上,肚子鼓的活象个大气蛤蟆。泥鳅气喘吁吁地蹲在一边,一时不知该怎么办好。他想把这家伙再推下水去,又一想,留着他,抗日政府可能能从他身上了解点敌人的情况。 The spy laid on a small hill in the middle of the reed pond. His big belly resembled a huge toad. Breathing heavily, Niqiu sat next to him. All of a sudden, he did not know what to do. He wanted to drag the guy back into the water, but thought it over. He could leave him so that the anti-Japanese government might learn something about the situation of the enemy from him. +
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    + +于是,泥鳅找了一块破碗碴儿,把特务的牙给撬了个缝,一股黑水从牙缝里淌出来。 Then, Niqiu found a small piece of a broken bowl. With the help of this shard, wedged between the teeth of the spy, Niqiu pried open the spy’s mouth, and black water flowed out. +
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    + +过了一会儿,特务缓过气来了,肚子一鼓一鼓的。泥鳅一看,好像觉得特务变长了,心想:“这么大个家伙,我怎么弄得过他呢?” After a while, the spy was relieved and his stomach bulged. Niqiu had a look, and it seemed that the spy had grown bigger. Niqiu thought: “What a big guy, how did I manage to overwhelm him?” +
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    + +泥鳅小眼睛一眨,想了个主意。他扯了一把青苇子在地上踩了,拧成了一条绳子,趁特务还没清醒过来,把他的两手捆了个结结实实。 Niqiu blinked with his small eyes and had an idea. He pulled a handful of green reeds, stepped them on the ground, twisting them into a rope. While the spy was still unconscious, he tied his hands together tightly. +
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    + +特务醒过来了,他在地上直打滚。泥鳅命令他:“不准动!”特务一见是个孩子,就假装求饶说:“老弟,放开我吧!” The spy woke up and rolled back and forth on the ground. Niqiu commanded: “Freeze!” When the spy realized that Niqiu was just a child, he pretended to ask for forgiveness and said, “Little one, set me free!” +
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    + +泥鳅气愤地指着他说:“谁叫你当汉奸欺侮中国人哪?谁叫你抢了张大爷的瓜?”特务赶忙说:“吃瓜我给钱,快给我解开,我好给你掏钱。” Niqiu pointed at him furiously and said, “Who told you to become a traitor and bully the Chinese people? Who told you to rob Uncle Zhang's melons?” The spy answered in a rush: “I'll pay for the melon, untie me quickly, so that I can pay you.” +
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    + +泥鳅笑呵呵地说:“等我把你送到抗日政府,咱俩到那再算账。”特务看软的不行,便用硬的威胁,可是毛泽东思想哺育成长起来的儿童不听这一套,威胁利诱对他们行不通。 Niqiu laughed: “Just wait until I have sent you to the anti-Japanese government, we will settle our accounts there.” When the spy saw that soft words would not work, he used hard threats, but children raised by Mao Zedong's Thought do not listen to such kinds of threats, and temptations have no effect on them. +
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    + +正在这时,突然“砰! 砰!”两声枪响,子弹飞过苇塘的上空。泥鳅赶紧趴在地上,这枪子是那两个伪军放的,他们为了壮壮胆,朝天放了两枪就走了。 At that moment – BANG, BANG! – suddenly two shots rang out, and the bullets flew over the reed pond. Niqiu hurriedly got down on the ground. The two puppet soldiers had fired the shots. In order to strengthen their courage, they had fired the two shots towards the sky and fled. +
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    + +忽然,泥鳅听见特务在一块石头上磨绳子,走近一看,苇绳快被特务挣断了。 Suddenly, Niqiu heard the spy grinding the rope on a rock, and when he came closer, he saw that the rope was about to be torn apart. +
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    + +泥鳅猛地骑在特务身上,一边用拳头打,一边狠狠地骂着。特务死命挣扎,两个人就在坑沿边滚了起来。 Niqiu violently got on top of the spy, punching him with his fists as he cursed him viciously. The spy struggled for his dear life as the two rolled around on the edge of the pond. +
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    + +特务打不过泥鳅,就高声喊叫救命。泥鳅想堵住他的嘴,又没东西堵,特务的喊声越来越大,泥鳅怕被伪军听见,只得又把他推下水去. The spy was unable to defeat Niqiu, so he called for help. Niqiu wanted to stuff his mouth, but as he didn’t find anything, the spy’s shouting became louder and louder. Niqiu was afraid that the puppet soldiers would hear him, so he pushed him into the water again. +
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    + +特务在水里喝着水,象是葫芦头灌香油似的,“咕嘟嘟,咕嘟嘟”,水面上冒起了一串串水泡泡。 GLUG, GLUG – The spy drank from the water like a bottle gourd from sesame oil, and a stream of bubbles rose to the surface. +
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    + +敌人走后,张家庄的人都回来了,就是不见泥鳅。大伙四下里找寻着,到处都在喊着:“泥鳅!泥——鳅——” After the enemy had left, all the villagers of Zhangjia Village returned, but Niqiu was nowhere to be seen. Everybody was searching for him in all directions and shouted: “Niqiu! Niiiiiiqiuuuuuuuuuuu!” +
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    + +泥鳅听了,使用两手卷成个筒筒,放在嘴上,拉长声音回答说:“我在这儿哪!” When Niqiu heard them, he formed his hands to a tube, raised them to his mouth and answered: “I am heeeeeeeere!” +
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    + +泥鳅把喝饱水的特务又拖到东岸上。大伙一看,都高兴地说:“泥鳅真是共产党教育出来的好孩子,又为乡亲们除了一害!”泥鳅充满信心地表示:“要消灭这些害人虫,把日本鬼子赶出中国去!取得抗战的全部胜利!” Niqiu pulled the spy, who had had enough to drink, to the east bank. When everybody saw this, they happily said: “Niqiu is a good boy educated by the Communist Party, he averted yet another harm to the villagers!” Niqiu said with confidence: “Let’s destroy this vermin and drive the Japanese devils out of China! Let’s achieve total victory in the war!” +
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      This translation was produced in a joint translation project by BA students at the Institute of Chinese Studies, University of Freiburg University, supervised by Lena Henningsen. We acknowledge the support of the ERC-funded project “The Politics of Reading in the People’s Republic of China” (READCHINA, Grant agreement No. 757365/SH5: 2018-2023). We thank Julia Schneider for a critical reading of the text and our colleagues Matthias Arnold and Hanno Lecher from the Centre for Asian and Transcultural Studies (CATS), Heidelberg University, for providing us with high resolution scans of the comics which are part of the Seifert collection.

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      We have taken much effort to contact the publisher of this comic in order to acquire permission by the copyright holder to publish the pages online. We regret that we have not received responses to our inquiries. If you believe that copyrights are not being respected, please send an email message to: readchina"at"mail.sinologie.uni-freiburg.de. We will respond as soon as possible and will work with you to either accredit the material correctly or remove it entirely. ↩︎

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    + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + diff --git a/public/niqiu/index.xml b/public/niqiu/index.xml new file mode 100644 index 0000000..7d225c8 --- /dev/null +++ b/public/niqiu/index.xml @@ -0,0 +1,575 @@ + + + + Niqiu Protects the Watermelons 泥鳅看瓜 (1974) on Comics + https://readchina.github.io/comics/niqiu/ + Recent content in Niqiu Protects the Watermelons 泥鳅看瓜 (1974) on Comics + Hugo -- gohugo.io + en-us + + Front and back cover + https://readchina.github.io/comics/niqiu/b-cover/ + Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 + + https://readchina.github.io/comics/niqiu/b-cover/ + + + + + Frontmatter + https://readchina.github.io/comics/niqiu/b-front/ + Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 + + https://readchina.github.io/comics/niqiu/b-front/ + + + + + Page 01 + https://readchina.github.io/comics/niqiu/b-page-01/ + Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 + + https://readchina.github.io/comics/niqiu/b-page-01/ + +抗日战争时期,河北省乐亭县靠滦河的东岸,有一个张家庄,是抗日根据地的边沿区。这个庄的抗日组织在共产党的领导下,按照毛主席的军事路线,积极开展抗日斗争。 During the War of Resistance Against Japan, there was a place named Zhangjia Village, located on the east bank of the Luan River in Laoting County, which was in the border area of an anti-Japanese base. The village&rsquo;s anti-Japanese organization was under the leadership of the Communist Party and actively carried out the anti-Japanese struggle in accordance with Chairman Mao&rsquo;s military line. + + + + Page 02 + https://readchina.github.io/comics/niqiu/b-page-02/ + Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 + + https://readchina.github.io/comics/niqiu/b-page-02/ + 一九四二年夏天,盘踞在河西据点里的日寇,特务,伪军,经常出来抓老百姓,抢东西。村里人都恨透了这帮坏蛋。有一天,敌人到河东“讨伐”。把抗属张大爷种的一亩西瓜凡熟的都给抢吃了,临走还把他打了一顿。 In the summer of 1942, Japanese invaders, spies, and puppet soldiers were stationed on the west side of the Luan River and often came out to take captive civilians and steal their things. Everyone in the village detested these bastards. One day, the enemy arrived at the east side of the river to &ldquo;punish&rdquo; the locals. They robbed and ate all the ripe watermelons on the patch of Uncle Zhang, a military dependent. + + + + Page 03 + https://readchina.github.io/comics/niqiu/b-page-03/ + Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 + + https://readchina.github.io/comics/niqiu/b-page-03/ + +张大爷连伤带气,一病就起不来炕。那块西瓜地也就没人收拾了。 Uncle Zhang was injured and annoyed, and he was bedridden. Also, no one was able to tidy up the watermelon patch. + + + + Page 04 + https://readchina.github.io/comics/niqiu/b-page-04/ + Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 + + https://readchina.github.io/comics/niqiu/b-page-04/ + +村干部研究了一下,决定委托儿童团看管瓜田。儿童团把这个任务交给了一个最勇敢而又有斗争经验的团员——泥鳅。 Therefore, the village cadres discussed the matter and decided to entrust the Children&rsquo;s Corps to take care of the melon patch. The Children&rsquo;s Corps then gave this task to one of the bravest and most experienced League members: Niqiu. + + + + Page 05 + https://readchina.github.io/comics/niqiu/b-page-05/ + Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 + + https://readchina.github.io/comics/niqiu/b-page-05/ + +瓜地和村子隔着半里路宽的一个大水坑,坑里长着芦苇。泥鳅是穷人家的孩子,从小就学会了干活。他的水量很大,自从接受了看瓜的任务后,他每天都游水过去,照料西瓜。 The watermelon patch and the village were separated by a big water pond, half a mile wide with reeds growing inside. Niqiu came from a poor family and had learned to work hard since he was a small kid. He was a good swimmer, so after he had accepted responsibility to protect the melons, he swam over each day to tend to the watermelons. + + + + Page 06 + https://readchina.github.io/comics/niqiu/b-page-06/ + Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 + + https://readchina.github.io/comics/niqiu/b-page-06/ + +泥鳅到了地理,总是闲不住,不是打瓜蔓,就是剜地蚕,嘴里还喊着:“沙瓤的大西瓜,谁吃谁甜掉牙!” At the patch, Niqiu always was busy. When he was not cutting the melon vines, he was picking out earthworms, all the while shouting: &ldquo;A huge watermelon full of mushy pulp sweetens everyone&rsquo;s life!&rdquo; + + + + Page 07 + https://readchina.github.io/comics/niqiu/b-page-07/ + Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 + + https://readchina.github.io/comics/niqiu/b-page-07/ + +由于泥鳅热心的收拾,又赶上雨水勤,瓜蔓爬满了地,小瓜又顶上来了,不到半月时间,个个长得比量米的柳条斗子还大。 Because of Niqiu&rsquo;s enthusiastic work, and the frequent rainfalls, the melon vines crawled over the whole field and the small watermelons began to grow again. Before half a month had passed, they had all grown even bigger than Niqiu&rsquo;s wicker basket. + + + + Page 08 + https://readchina.github.io/comics/niqiu/b-page-08/ + Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 + + https://readchina.github.io/comics/niqiu/b-page-08/ + +村里帮着泥鳅把熟了的西瓜及时摘下来,拉到集上卖掉,用卖瓜的钱给张大爷买药、治病。 The village people helped Niqiu pick the ripe watermelons in time and brought them to the market to sell them. With the money they earned, they bought medicine for Uncle Zhang and cured his injuries. + + + + Page 09 + https://readchina.github.io/comics/niqiu/b-page-09/ + Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 + + https://readchina.github.io/comics/niqiu/b-page-09/ + +一天,泥鳅把一个熟透了的大西瓜摘下来,洑着水把瓜运到张大爷家里。 One day, Niqiu picked a very ripe watermelon. He took it to Uncle Zhang&rsquo;s home by letting it float down the water. + + + + Page 10 + https://readchina.github.io/comics/niqiu/b-page-10/ + Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 + + https://readchina.github.io/comics/niqiu/b-page-10/ + +这时,张大爷的病已好多了,他见泥鳅送了瓜来,便高兴得一骨碌坐起来。泥鳅抱着大西瓜,叫他尝尝。 By then, Uncle Zhang was feeling a lot better. When he saw Niqiu bringing the watermelon, he sat up, rejoicing. Niqiu held the huge watermelon in his arms and asked Uncle Zhang to try it. + + + + Page 11 + https://readchina.github.io/comics/niqiu/b-page-11/ + Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 + + https://readchina.github.io/comics/niqiu/b-page-11/ + +张大爷接过瓜,把瓜贴在耳朵上,听了又拍,拍了又听,嘴里不住称赞:“好瓜!好瓜!这瓜给多少钱也不卖,留着做种。” After Uncle Zhang took the melon, he held it very close to his ear, listening and patting, patting and listening. He could not stop praising: &ldquo;Such a good watermelon! Such a good watermelon! No matter how much money they give us, we&rsquo;re not selling this one. We keep it for making seeds.&rdquo; + + + + Page 12 + https://readchina.github.io/comics/niqiu/b-page-12/ + Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 + + https://readchina.github.io/comics/niqiu/b-page-12/ + +泥鳅拿起刀,在西瓜把儿上,“嗖” 地一旋,碗大的一块西瓜皮掉下来,露出鸡冠子色的沙瓤,瓤里包着油亮亮的黑籽。他们都用小勺挖着吃,把西瓜籽吐出来留作籽用。 Niqiu picked up a knife, and &ndash; WHOOSH &ndash; let it down on the watermelon. A large piece of the watermelon fell off and revealed the cockscomb-coloured melon pulp, which was covered with shiny black seeds. They both dug out some pulp with small spoons and ate it, spitting out the watermelon seeds in order to use them as seeds. + + + + Page 13 + https://readchina.github.io/comics/niqiu/b-page-13/ + Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 + + https://readchina.github.io/comics/niqiu/b-page-13/ + +吃完瓜,泥鳅抱着掏空了的大西瓜皮,在西瓜皮上挖了两个小洞,把西瓜皮往头上一套,象个大头娃娃似的,扭搭起秧歌,到坑沿上去了。 After eating the melon, Niqiu held the hollowed-out watermelon skin, cut two small holes into it and put the watermelon peel on his head, so he looked like a big-headed doll. Dancing a Yangge, he went to the edge of the water pond. + + + + Page 14 + https://readchina.github.io/comics/niqiu/b-page-14/ + Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 + + https://readchina.github.io/comics/niqiu/b-page-14/ + +泥鳅来到了水坑边上,水坑里有很多洗澡玩的孩子,扑通扑通地打着水。泥鳅悄悄地往水里一钻,只有一个套在头上的大西瓜皮留在水面上。 When Niqiu came to the edge of the water pond, a lot of children were washing and playing in the water, splashing the water. Niqiu quietly waded into the water, only the watermelon peel was visible on the surface. + + + + Page 15 + https://readchina.github.io/comics/niqiu/b-page-15/ + Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 + + https://readchina.github.io/comics/niqiu/b-page-15/ + +一个孩子眼尖,站在水里喊道:“看那有个大西瓜,大西瓜!”一个猛子游过去,要去打捞大西瓜。 One of the children had sharp eyes. He stood in the water and shouted: &ldquo;Look, there&rsquo;s a huge watermelon, a huge watermelon!&rdquo;, a courageous child swam over to get the huge watermelon out of the water. + + + + Page 16 + https://readchina.github.io/comics/niqiu/b-page-16/ + Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 + + https://readchina.github.io/comics/niqiu/b-page-16/ + +其他的孩子也看到了,停止了“捉水猫猫”的游戏,都去捞那个大西瓜。西瓜在水面上一浮一浮的,孩子们追的快,瓜也游的快。 Other children also saw it, so they stopped the game of &ldquo;catch the water cat&rdquo; and went to catch the huge watermelon. The watermelon was floating on the surface. As the children were chasing it fast, it was also swimming fast. + + + + Page 17 + https://readchina.github.io/comics/niqiu/b-page-17/ + Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 + + https://readchina.github.io/comics/niqiu/b-page-17/ + +一个机灵的孩子停住了,喊道:“别追了,这西瓜有 '鬼',这是引咱们往深水里去,好淹死我们。”孩子们都害怕了,不敢再追。 A clever child stopped and yelled: &ldquo;Stop chasing, there&rsquo;s a ghost in this watermelon, it&rsquo;s leading us into the deep water to drown us.&rdquo; The children got scared and did not dare to continue their chase. + + + + Page 18 + https://readchina.github.io/comics/niqiu/b-page-18/ + Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 + + https://readchina.github.io/comics/niqiu/b-page-18/ + +孩子们都上了岸,眼巴巴的看着这个大西瓜。泥鳅从小洞里看见他们害怕的样子,不由得想笑。 The children all went ashore, looking anxiously at the huge watermelon. Niqiu watched their frightened expressions through the small holes in the watermelon and could not help wanting to laugh. + + + + Page 19 + https://readchina.github.io/comics/niqiu/b-page-19/ + Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 + + https://readchina.github.io/comics/niqiu/b-page-19/ + +他手一按,脚一踩,半个身子露出水面来。他晃着西瓜头,高兴地唱起了秧歌调。 He pushed with his hands, stomped with his feet and the upper part of his body emerged from the water. He shook his watermelon head and happily began to sing a Yangge tune. + + + + Page 20 + https://readchina.github.io/comics/niqiu/b-page-20/ + Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 + + https://readchina.github.io/comics/niqiu/b-page-20/ + +小伙伴二嘎子听出是泥鳅的声音,便一挥手喊起来:“走哇!打这个大头鬼!” 于是十几个孩子一齐跳下水,朝泥鳅追去。 When Little Ergazi recognized Niqiu&rsquo;s voice, he waved his hand and shouted: &ldquo;Let&rsquo;s go! Beat this big-headed ghost!&rdquo; Following that, a dozen children collectively jumped into the water and chased after Niqiu. + + + + Page 21 + https://readchina.github.io/comics/niqiu/b-page-21/ + Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 + + https://readchina.github.io/comics/niqiu/b-page-21/ + +一群孩子对付泥鳅一个人,在水里打起水仗来。烂泥从四面八方向他扔来,打得西瓜皮咚咚直响,泥鳅转着圈儿迎击。 It was a bunch of kids against Niqiu alone, starting a battle in the water. Mud was thrown at Niqiu from all directions, hitting the watermelon skin with a thud. Niqiu, spinning in circles, retaliated. + + + + Page 22 + https://readchina.github.io/comics/niqiu/b-page-22/ + Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 + + https://readchina.github.io/comics/niqiu/b-page-22/ + +打了一阵,泥鳅使了个空城计,他悄悄地把头从瓜皮里退出来,一个猛子扎到大苇塘里,掏水鸟蛋去了,他的小伙伴们还向瓜皮上扔泥呢。 After fighting for a while, Niqiu made a feint. He carefully backed his head away from the watermelon, rapidly went into the big reed pond and went to dig for waterbird eggs. His comrades were still throwing mud at the watermelon skin. + + + + Page 23 + https://readchina.github.io/comics/niqiu/b-page-23/ + Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 + + https://readchina.github.io/comics/niqiu/b-page-23/ + +忽然坑西边有人大声喊:“敌人来啦!”孩子们一听,赶忙上岸钻进了高粱地。 Suddenly, someone screamed from the west of the pond: &ldquo;The enemies are coming!&rdquo; As soon as the children heard that, they hurriedly went ashore and slipped into the sorghum field. + + + + Page 24 + https://readchina.github.io/comics/niqiu/b-page-24/ + Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 + + https://readchina.github.io/comics/niqiu/b-page-24/ + +泥鳅正在苇塘里掏水鸟蛋,离坑沿远,耳朵眼里又塞着秫秸芯,没有听见喊声。等他出了苇塘一看,哟!人都哪儿去了呢?水坑里只有那个西瓜皮还漂在水面上。 In the reed pond Niqiu was digging for water bird eggs, far away from the edge of the pond, and since his ears and eyes were filled with sorghum sticks, he did not hear the shout. When he got out of the reed and looked around, he thought: &ldquo;Oh! Where is everyone?&rdquo; Only the watermelon skin was still floating on the surface of the water. + + + + Page 25 + https://readchina.github.io/comics/niqiu/b-page-25/ + Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 + + https://readchina.github.io/comics/niqiu/b-page-25/ + +他上了西岸,站直了身子,看了看自己的影子,影子还矮着哩。心想:“还不到下半晌,为什么都走了?” He got onto the west bank, stood up straight and looked at his shadow which was still short. He thought: &ldquo;It&rsquo;s not yet afternoon, why did they all leave?&rdquo; + + + + Page 26 + https://readchina.github.io/comics/niqiu/b-page-26/ + Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 + + https://readchina.github.io/comics/niqiu/b-page-26/ + +他抖掉头上的水,正在坑沿上四下张望,一个乡亲从西往东跑过来,向后指着对泥鳅说:“快跑!汉奸队又来啦!” He shook the water off his head and looked around the edge of the pond when a villager came running past from west to east, pointing backwards and saying to Niqiu: &ldquo;Run away! The traitors are returning!&rdquo; + + + + Page 27 + https://readchina.github.io/comics/niqiu/b-page-27/ + Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 + + https://readchina.github.io/comics/niqiu/b-page-27/ + +泥鳅听了,手一扳树杈,就上了坑沿那棵弯弯的老柳树,手打眼罩往西一看,十几个伪军,正顺着小路往这边走。 When Niqiu heard this, he grabbed a tree branch and pulled himself up onto the curved old willow tree at the pond. Using his hand as a visor, he looked westwards and saw a dozen or so puppet soldiers walking along a small path towards him. + + + + Page 28 + https://readchina.github.io/comics/niqiu/b-page-28/ + Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 + + https://readchina.github.io/comics/niqiu/b-page-28/ + +那个老乡叫他快走,泥鳅看了看瓜地,咬了咬嘴唇说:“大叔你走吧,我还要看瓜!”那个老乡说:“看瓜?这可不是闹着玩的!上回那些坏蛋来,吃了瓜还把张大爷打了一顿。” The villager told him to run away, but Niqiu looked at the melon patch, bit his lip and said: &ldquo;You go ahead, Uncle! I need to watch over the melons!&rdquo; The villager answered: &ldquo;Watch over the melons? This is not a joke! Last time those bastards came, they ate the melons and beat up Uncle Zhang.&rdquo; + + + + Page 29 + https://readchina.github.io/comics/niqiu/b-page-29/ + Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 + + https://readchina.github.io/comics/niqiu/b-page-29/ + 一提这件事,泥鳅气就来了,他愤愤地说:“我不能让他们白吃张大爷的瓜,是谁吃的,我都给他记上,有机会,都得叫他们还帐。” +When this was mentioned, Niqiu&rsquo;s anger rose again. He said angrily: &ldquo;I can&rsquo;t let them eat Uncle Zhang&rsquo;s melons for free. Whoever ate them, I&rsquo;ll put that on his bill, and I&rsquo;ll make them pay for it when I get the chance.&rdquo; + + + + Page 30 + https://readchina.github.io/comics/niqiu/b-page-30/ + Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 + + https://readchina.github.io/comics/niqiu/b-page-30/ + +那位老乡见劝不动他,只好走了。泥鳅抓住一条树枝一悠,“扑通”一声,就扎到水里,把西瓜皮又套到了头上,站在没脖儿深的水里。 The villager saw that Niqiu could not be persuaded, so he could only walk away. Niqiu grabbed a long tree branch, swung himself and - SPLASH - plunged into the water. He put the watermelon skin on his head again and stood in the water which did not reach his neck. + + + + Page 31 + https://readchina.github.io/comics/niqiu/b-page-31/ + Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 + + https://readchina.github.io/comics/niqiu/b-page-31/ + +一会儿,便衣队特务和两个伪军来到西瓜地里,满地里找西瓜,也没找到一个熟的,他们气的把瓜秧全给拔了,生西瓜蛋踢得满地乱滚。 After a while, a plain clothes spy and two puppet soldiers came to the watermelon patch and searched the whole ground for melons but could not find a single ripe one. They became so angry that they pulled up all the melon seedlings and kicked the unripe melons all over the place. + + + + Page 32 + https://readchina.github.io/comics/niqiu/b-page-32/ + Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 + + https://readchina.github.io/comics/niqiu/b-page-32/ + +糟踏了一阵,他们站在坑沿上,用高粱叶子作扇子,扇着体息,口渴得直舐嘴唇。 After trampling for a while, they stood on the edge of the pond and used sorghum leaves as fans. Fanning, they rested and licked their lips with thirst. + + + + Page 33 + https://readchina.github.io/comics/niqiu/b-page-33/ + Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 + + https://readchina.github.io/comics/niqiu/b-page-33/ + +那个高个子的伪军忽然向坑里指着说:“大西瓜!”小个儿马上说:“是我先看见的!”两个伪军争着要脱衣服下水去捞。 Suddenly, the tall puppet soldier pointed at the pond and said: &ldquo;Look at the huge watermelon!&rdquo; The short one immediately replied: &ldquo;I saw it first!&rdquo; The two puppet soldiers vied to undress in order to get into the water and fish it out. + + + + Page 34 + https://readchina.github.io/comics/niqiu/b-page-34/ + Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 + + https://readchina.github.io/comics/niqiu/b-page-34/ + +那个便衣特务呲着满嘴金牙得意地说:“你们俩谁也别抢,是我先看见的。”说着,就抢先穿着肥大的灯笼裤下了水。 The spy bared his mouth full of gold teeth and said complacently: &ldquo;Neither of you snatch it, I saw it first.&rdquo; As he was speaking, he rushed into the water in his loosely fitting knickerbockers. + + + + Page 35 + https://readchina.github.io/comics/niqiu/b-page-35/ + Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 + + https://readchina.github.io/comics/niqiu/b-page-35/ + +岸上两个伪军气得撅着嘴说:“这坑水可深,小心淹死你。”便衣特务得意地说:“老子淹不死。这是种瓜的老头特意为我留的,要不是上次教训了他一顿,今天他能给我留吗?” Pouting with anger, the two puppet soldiers on the bank said: &ldquo;That pond is really deep, be careful not to drown.&rdquo; The spy said proudly: &ldquo;I won&rsquo;t drown. The old man who grows melons reserved this one especially for me. If I hadn&rsquo;t taught him a lesson last time, would he have saved one for me today?&rdquo; + + + + Page 36 + https://readchina.github.io/comics/niqiu/b-page-36/ + Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 + + https://readchina.github.io/comics/niqiu/b-page-36/ + +泥鳅见便衣特务朝自己走来,水圈一环环地从他脖子上涌过,他看到特务那个不会水的样子,想起了“千斤牛入水,斗不过大鲤鱼”,就壮起了胆。 Niqiu saw the spy coming towards him, ripples on the water around his neck. Upon realizing that the spy could not swim well, he recalled the saying: &ldquo;When thousand pounds of cattle enter the water, they cannot defeat a carp&rdquo;, and mustered up his courage. + + + + Page 37 + https://readchina.github.io/comics/niqiu/b-page-37/ + Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 + + https://readchina.github.io/comics/niqiu/b-page-37/ + +特务晃晃悠悠地蹚着水向西瓜走来,高兴得鼻子眼睛全挤在一块了。眼看就快要够到手了,突然“妈呀!”一声不见了。 The spy wiggled and waded towards the watermelon and squeezed his nose and eyes in happiness. As he was reaching for the melon, a sudden &ldquo;Oh my!&rdquo; was followed by an abrupt silence. + + + + Page 38 + https://readchina.github.io/comics/niqiu/b-page-38/ + Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 + + https://readchina.github.io/comics/niqiu/b-page-38/ + +两个伪军以为这小子故意装的,高个子伪军说:“别得了便宜卖乘,没人跟你抢!”小个子伪军看着冒出水面的水泡说:“上来吧,别在那吐泡了!” The two puppet soldiers thought he was just pretending, so the tall one said: &ldquo;Stop acting, no one's going to fight you for it!&rdquo; Watching the bubbles rise up to the surface, the short one said: &ldquo;Come on up, stop blowing bubbles there!&rdquo; + + + + Page 39 + https://readchina.github.io/comics/niqiu/b-page-39/ + Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 + + https://readchina.github.io/comics/niqiu/b-page-39/ + 半袋烟的功夫过去了,特务也没露面。这时两个伪军才觉察到出了事。高个子让小个子先下去看看,小个子说:“瓜是你先看见的,应该你先下去。”他俩谁也不敢下去,只在岸上乱叫。 They smoked half a pack of cigarettes, yet the spy did not reappear. Only now, the two soldiers realized that something was wrong. The tall one ordered the small one to go down first and take a look, but the small one said: &ldquo;You saw the melon first, so you should be the one to go down there first.&rdquo; Neither of them dared to go down, they just stood at the bank and shouted. + + + + Page 40 + https://readchina.github.io/comics/niqiu/b-page-40/ + Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 + + https://readchina.github.io/comics/niqiu/b-page-40/ + +再说泥鳅把那个特务拖下水去灌饱之后,就拉着他的腿绕过菱角坑,荷花塘,一口气把他拖到了大苇塘里。 After Niqiu dragged the spy down into the water to fill him up, he pulled him by the legs around the water chestnut pond, the lotus pond, and the big reed pond in one go. + + + + Page 41 + https://readchina.github.io/comics/niqiu/b-page-41/ + Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 + + https://readchina.github.io/comics/niqiu/b-page-41/ + 特务躺在苇塘中间的一个小土岗上,肚子鼓的活象个大气蛤蟆。泥鳅气喘吁吁地蹲在一边,一时不知该怎么办好。他想把这家伙再推下水去,又一想,留着他,抗日政府可能能从他身上了解点敌人的情况。 The spy laid on a small hill in the middle of the reed pond. His big belly resembled a huge toad. Breathing heavily, Niqiu sat next to him. All of a sudden, he did not know what to do. He wanted to drag the guy back into the water, but thought it over. He could leave him so that the anti-Japanese government might learn something about the situation of the enemy from him. + + + + Page 42 + https://readchina.github.io/comics/niqiu/b-page-42/ + Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 + + https://readchina.github.io/comics/niqiu/b-page-42/ + +于是,泥鳅找了一块破碗碴儿,把特务的牙给撬了个缝,一股黑水从牙缝里淌出来。 Then, Niqiu found a small piece of a broken bowl. With the help of this shard, wedged between the teeth of the spy, Niqiu pried open the spy&rsquo;s mouth, and black water flowed out. + + + + Page 43 + https://readchina.github.io/comics/niqiu/b-page-43/ + Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 + + https://readchina.github.io/comics/niqiu/b-page-43/ + +过了一会儿,特务缓过气来了,肚子一鼓一鼓的。泥鳅一看,好像觉得特务变长了,心想:“这么大个家伙,我怎么弄得过他呢?” After a while, the spy was relieved and his stomach bulged. Niqiu had a look, and it seemed that the spy had grown bigger. Niqiu thought: &ldquo;What a big guy, how did I manage to overwhelm him?&rdquo; + + + + Page 44 + https://readchina.github.io/comics/niqiu/b-page-44/ + Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 + + https://readchina.github.io/comics/niqiu/b-page-44/ + +泥鳅小眼睛一眨,想了个主意。他扯了一把青苇子在地上踩了,拧成了一条绳子,趁特务还没清醒过来,把他的两手捆了个结结实实。 Niqiu blinked with his small eyes and had an idea. He pulled a handful of green reeds, stepped them on the ground, twisting them into a rope. While the spy was still unconscious, he tied his hands together tightly. + + + + Page 45 + https://readchina.github.io/comics/niqiu/b-page-45/ + Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 + + https://readchina.github.io/comics/niqiu/b-page-45/ + +特务醒过来了,他在地上直打滚。泥鳅命令他:“不准动!”特务一见是个孩子,就假装求饶说:“老弟,放开我吧!” The spy woke up and rolled back and forth on the ground. Niqiu commanded: &ldquo;Freeze!&rdquo; When the spy realized that Niqiu was just a child, he pretended to ask for forgiveness and said, &ldquo;Little one, set me free!&rdquo; + + + + Page 46 + https://readchina.github.io/comics/niqiu/b-page-46/ + Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 + + https://readchina.github.io/comics/niqiu/b-page-46/ + +泥鳅气愤地指着他说:“谁叫你当汉奸欺侮中国人哪?谁叫你抢了张大爷的瓜?”特务赶忙说:“吃瓜我给钱,快给我解开,我好给你掏钱。” Niqiu pointed at him furiously and said, &ldquo;Who told you to become a traitor and bully the Chinese people? Who told you to rob Uncle Zhang's melons?&rdquo; The spy answered in a rush: &ldquo;I'll pay for the melon, untie me quickly, so that I can pay you.&rdquo; + + + + Page 47 + https://readchina.github.io/comics/niqiu/b-page-47/ + Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 + + https://readchina.github.io/comics/niqiu/b-page-47/ + +泥鳅笑呵呵地说:“等我把你送到抗日政府,咱俩到那再算账。”特务看软的不行,便用硬的威胁,可是毛泽东思想哺育成长起来的儿童不听这一套,威胁利诱对他们行不通。 Niqiu laughed: &ldquo;Just wait until I have sent you to the anti-Japanese government, we will settle our accounts there.&rdquo; When the spy saw that soft words would not work, he used hard threats, but children raised by Mao Zedong's Thought do not listen to such kinds of threats, and temptations have no effect on them. + + + + Page 48 + https://readchina.github.io/comics/niqiu/b-page-48/ + Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 + + https://readchina.github.io/comics/niqiu/b-page-48/ + +正在这时,突然“砰! 砰!”两声枪响,子弹飞过苇塘的上空。泥鳅赶紧趴在地上,这枪子是那两个伪军放的,他们为了壮壮胆,朝天放了两枪就走了。 At that moment &ndash; BANG, BANG! &ndash; suddenly two shots rang out, and the bullets flew over the reed pond. Niqiu hurriedly got down on the ground. The two puppet soldiers had fired the shots. In order to strengthen their courage, they had fired the two shots towards the sky and fled. + + + + Page 49 + https://readchina.github.io/comics/niqiu/b-page-49/ + Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 + + https://readchina.github.io/comics/niqiu/b-page-49/ + +忽然,泥鳅听见特务在一块石头上磨绳子,走近一看,苇绳快被特务挣断了。 Suddenly, Niqiu heard the spy grinding the rope on a rock, and when he came closer, he saw that the rope was about to be torn apart. + + + + Page 50 + https://readchina.github.io/comics/niqiu/b-page-50/ + Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 + + https://readchina.github.io/comics/niqiu/b-page-50/ + +泥鳅猛地骑在特务身上,一边用拳头打,一边狠狠地骂着。特务死命挣扎,两个人就在坑沿边滚了起来。 Niqiu violently got on top of the spy, punching him with his fists as he cursed him viciously. The spy struggled for his dear life as the two rolled around on the edge of the pond. + + + + Page 51 + https://readchina.github.io/comics/niqiu/b-page-51/ + Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 + + https://readchina.github.io/comics/niqiu/b-page-51/ + +特务打不过泥鳅,就高声喊叫救命。泥鳅想堵住他的嘴,又没东西堵,特务的喊声越来越大,泥鳅怕被伪军听见,只得又把他推下水去. The spy was unable to defeat Niqiu, so he called for help. Niqiu wanted to stuff his mouth, but as he didn&rsquo;t find anything, the spy&rsquo;s shouting became louder and louder. Niqiu was afraid that the puppet soldiers would hear him, so he pushed him into the water again. + + + + Page 52 + https://readchina.github.io/comics/niqiu/b-page-52/ + Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 + + https://readchina.github.io/comics/niqiu/b-page-52/ + +特务在水里喝着水,象是葫芦头灌香油似的,“咕嘟嘟,咕嘟嘟”,水面上冒起了一串串水泡泡。 GLUG, GLUG &ndash; The spy drank from the water like a bottle gourd from sesame oil, and a stream of bubbles rose to the surface. + + + + Page 53 + https://readchina.github.io/comics/niqiu/b-page-53/ + Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 + + https://readchina.github.io/comics/niqiu/b-page-53/ + +敌人走后,张家庄的人都回来了,就是不见泥鳅。大伙四下里找寻着,到处都在喊着:&ldquo;泥鳅!泥——鳅——&rdquo; After the enemy had left, all the villagers of Zhangjia Village returned, but Niqiu was nowhere to be seen. Everybody was searching for him in all directions and shouted: &ldquo;Niqiu! Niiiiiiqiuuuuuuuuuuu!&rdquo; + + + + Page 54 + https://readchina.github.io/comics/niqiu/b-page-54/ + Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 + + https://readchina.github.io/comics/niqiu/b-page-54/ + +泥鳅听了,使用两手卷成个筒筒,放在嘴上,拉长声音回答说:&ldquo;我在这儿哪!&rdquo; When Niqiu heard them, he formed his hands to a tube, raised them to his mouth and answered: &ldquo;I am heeeeeeeere!&rdquo; + + + + Page 55 + https://readchina.github.io/comics/niqiu/b-page-55/ + Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 + + https://readchina.github.io/comics/niqiu/b-page-55/ + +泥鳅把喝饱水的特务又拖到东岸上。大伙一看,都高兴地说:“泥鳅真是共产党教育出来的好孩子,又为乡亲们除了一害!”泥鳅充满信心地表示:“要消灭这些害人虫,把日本鬼子赶出中国去!取得抗战的全部胜利!” Niqiu pulled the spy, who had had enough to drink, to the east bank. When everybody saw this, they happily said: &ldquo;Niqiu is a good boy educated by the Communist Party, he averted yet another harm to the villagers!&rdquo; Niqiu said with confidence: &ldquo;Let&rsquo;s destroy this vermin and drive the Japanese devils out of China! 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https://readchina.github.io/comics/biao/b-page-75/ + 2022-03-16T14:15:28+01:00 + + https://readchina.github.io/comics/biao/b-page-76/ + 2023-10-16T23:41:00+02:00 + + https://readchina.github.io/comics/biao/b-page-77/ + 2023-10-16T23:41:00+02:00 + + https://readchina.github.io/comics/biao/b-page-78/ + 2023-10-16T23:41:00+02:00 + + https://readchina.github.io/comics/ + 2022-04-27T17:24:18+02:00 + + https://readchina.github.io/comics/tags/ + + https://readchina.github.io/comics/zhufu/ + 2022-10-21T15:55:38+02:00 + + https://readchina.github.io/comics/biao/ + 2022-03-30T14:08:38+02:00 + + diff --git a/public/svg/backward.svg b/public/svg/backward.svg new file mode 100644 index 0000000..26300eb --- /dev/null +++ b/public/svg/backward.svg @@ -0,0 +1 @@ + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/public/svg/calendar.svg b/public/svg/calendar.svg new file mode 100644 index 0000000..f848112 --- /dev/null +++ b/public/svg/calendar.svg @@ -0,0 +1 @@ + \ No newline at end of file diff --git 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    In preparing this translation, our aim was to produce a text that would do justice to the legacy of Lu Xun, but more so, to the language and contents of the PRC adaptation of the story. In his essay accompanying his retranslation of the original short story into German, Hans Peter Hoffmann (2015) makes a convincing argument for the use of slightly outdated terms as markers for what Lu Xun wanted to emphasize as backward in his times. As we translated from an adaptation of Lu Xun’s story in rather blunt PRC language, we measure our translation against that language. We thus aimed at staying close both to the literal meaning of the text and to its spirit – bearing in mind that this is, likely, a story targeting not only adults, but also children; we also aimed at a translation that would not make the text longer than in the original, thus subverting the simplicity, elegance and brevity of lianhuanhua language. While many names in the Chinese language are ‘speaking names’ and thus reveal information about the person or place they relate to, we opted for the more neutral terms derived at by transliterating and not translating the names in order not to unduly exoticize the translation. We also decided against adding explanations for terms into the text. But as the names of the protagonists and places may be confusing for readers unfamiliar with Chinese naming conventions, the following may be helpful.1

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      Xianglin’s wife 祥林嫂: The protagonist of the story does not have a name of her own; much as she does not have any choice in her life, she is given a name and identity reducing her to being the wife of her first deceased husband which also seals the rest of her fate.

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      Luzhen 鲁镇: The name of the town – Luzhen – signals that it is a small town. The character for “Lu” in Luzhen is the same character as in Mr. Lu, the name of the uncle who the nameless narrator of the story has to stay with and whom he dislikes for his backwardness. This suggests that the Lu-Family is (and has been for generations) a central authority in town. It likely is not a coincidence that “Lu” both in “Luzhen” and in Mr. Lu is the same as in the penname the author of this story chose for himself: Lu Xun. While this by no means is an argument to declare that the first-person narrator represents or is Lu Xun himself, it is a signal of the text to play with autobiographical suggestions and hints.

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      Mr. and Mrs. Lu: Throughout the lianhuanhua, different variations are used for these two persons. For reasons of clarity, we are using Mr. and Mrs. Lu throughout. One recurring name is Lu Si Laoye 鲁四老爷 which might be translated as Old Master Lu Si or as Fourth Master Lu, thus emphasizing the reverence that townspeople would approach him with. There are also different terms used to address his wife. However, as her social status and all her comportment are defined by her being the wife of Mr. Lu, she is referred to as Mrs. Lu throughout the translation.

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      Auntie Liu 柳妈: Her name would have been literally translated as Mother Liu. We settled on Auntie Liu wishing to emphasize that she is a – likely unmarried – poor woman in town helping out with the Lu family. Auntie here does not signal a kinship relationship, but is more used as a form of address.

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      Old Wei: Likewise, the matchmaker is a – likely unmarried – woman in town.

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      Hejia Village 贺家墺 (Hejia’ao) and He Laoliu 贺老六: Similar to the Lu family and Luzhen, there is a relationship between Hejia Village and Xianglin’s wife’s second husband: The name of the village could literally be translated as He-Family-Village suggesting that it is predominantly inhabited by the He clan. He Laoliu’s name literally means He Old-Six, likely indicating him to be the sixth son, or, more likely the sixth male offspring in his generation thus taking into the account also his male cousins.

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      “The New Year’s Sacrifice” 祝福: The title of the story is conventionally translated as “The New Year’s Sacrifice” or “New Year’s Sacrifice”. In the aforementioned essay, Hans Peter Hoffmann makes a convincing argument to translate the title as “The Blessing” (German: “Der Neujahrssegen”), as this captures much more succinctly the contrast between the blessing that the well-to-do families receive and the misery that Xianglin’s wife experiences (2015: 47-52). “The New Year’s Sacrifice” sets the focus on Xianglin’s wife and her being a victim of ‘old feudal society’ which literally sacrifices her life in order to hold on to customs that place dead ancestors above those living and suffering today. The more literal translation “The Blessing”, Hoffmann points out, is both closer to the actual meaning of the word and refocuses and complicates the narrative. It emphasizes that through the ritual those who perform it receive a blessing, or benediction. In that way, it emphasizes old customs prevalent in the town. As a consequence, the individuals in Luzhen, including the nameless narrator, attain more agency and personal responsibility for what is taking place. As this particular adaptation of the story emphasizes – as do the translations of the story which are entitled “The New Year’s Sacrifice” – the sacrificing of Xianglin’s wife, we have decided to opt for this translation as well.

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      This translation was produced in a joint translation project by students at the Institute of Chinese Studies, University of Freiburg, supervised by Lena Henningsen. We acknowledge the support of the ERC-funded project “The Politics of Reading in the People’s Republic of China” (READCHINA, Grant agreement No. 757365/SH5: 2018-2023). Special thanks go to Eve Y. Lin for her critical reading of the translation and to Matthias Arnold and Hanno Lecher from the Centre for Asian and Transcultural Studies (CATS), Heidelberg University, for providing us with high resolution scans of the comics which are part of the Seifert collection

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      We have taken much effort to contact the publisher of this comic in order to acquire permission by the copyright holder to publish the pages online. We regret that we have not received responses to our inquiries. If you believe that copyrights are not being respected, please send an email message to: readchina"at"mail.sinologie.uni-freiburg.de. We will respond as soon as possible and will work with you to either accredit the material correctly or remove it entirely. ↩︎

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    + Preface to the 1957 edition  + # +

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    + 内容说明 + # +

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    祥林嫂年轻的时候死了丈夫,便到鲁四老爷家帮工。后来她婆婆又强迫她嫁人。不久她的第二个丈夫病死了,她的儿子被狼吃掉了,她被生活所逼,只好又回到鲁四老爷家里。鲁四老爷厌恶她死过两个丈夫,说她不干净,败坏风俗。她怪自己的命不好,听了柳妈的话,到土地庙里捐一条门槛,当撖替身赎罪,可是人家还一样鄙视她。她更加衰老了,精神更迟钝了,终于她被赶出了鲁家,变成乞丐死了。 +

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    After Xianglin’s wife lost her husband early in life, she comes to the Lu household as a servant. Later on, her mother-in-law forces her to remarry. Soon after, her second husband dies of illness, and her son is eaten by a wolf. She has no choice but to return to the Lu household. Mr. Lu loathes that she lost two husbands. He declares that she is tainted and would exert a bad moral influence. She also blames her own bad fate. After listening to Auntie Liu advice, she donates a threshold to the Temple of the Village God to atone for her sins, but people continue to despise her. She ages (prematurely) and becomes slow-witted. In the end, she is thrown out by the Lu family, turns into a beggar, and dies. +

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    《祝福》描写了一个淳朴的劳动妇女祥林嫂。丈夫死后,她为了逃避被出卖的命运,便来到鲁镇,在地主鲁四家里做工。但不久仍被婆家绑回去,逼嫁到山村里。“她一路只是嚎,骂”,后来还"一头撞在香案角上",不惜以自己的生命来反抗旧社会、旧礼教的压迫。当她再一次在鲁四家里出现,那是第二个丈夫病死,儿子被狼叼走之后。因她再嫁再寡,鲁四把她看成不祥之物,暗暗告诫家人不许她沾手祭品。镇上的人由于受到封建礼教的毒害,也跟着嘲笑她。柳妈又以"阴间"的锯刑来恐吓她,要她到土地庙捐一条门槛,当作赎罪的替身,给千人踏,万人跨。她为了自己的生存,不断挣扎,捐了门槛;但仍然无效,主人还是不许她摆设祭品。她从此精神失常,象一个木偶人。不久被鲁四赶走,成为乞丐。最后怀着对"阴间"的恐怖和疑惑,在年终"祝福"时,死在街头上。 +

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    “The New Year’s Sacrifice” describes the simple female worker Xianglin’s wife. After the death of her husband, she comes to Luzhen to work in the household of Landlord Lu to escape the fate of being sold off. But before long, she is kidnapped by the family of her mother-in-law and forced to remarry into a mountain village. “She howled and cursed the whole way”, and later also “bumped her head against the corner of the incense burner table”, to resist to the oppression of old society and old Confucian ethics with her own life. She appears for a second time at the Lu household after her second husband died of illness and her son was carried away by a wolf. Because she remarried and became a widow again, Mr. Lu considers her an inauspicious object and secretly tells his family members not to let her lend a hand in preparing the sacrifices. Poisoned by feudal Confucian ethics, the other people in town follow suit to sneer at her. Auntie Liu further threatens her with the torture of dismemberment in the “nether world”, and tells her to donate a threshold to the Temple of the Village God to be stepped on and passed over by 10.000 people as her replacement, in order to atone for her sins. She ceaselessly struggles for her survival and manages to donate a threshold. But it is of no use, the landlord still would not let her set out the sacrificial offerings. From then on, she is mentally deranged, as dumb as a puppet. Before long, she is thrown out by Mr. Lu and becomes a beggar. In the end, harboring terror and uncertainties about the “nether world” in her mind, she dies on the street at the time of the “New Year’s Sacrifice”. +

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    祥林嫂的一生是受压迫受欺辱的一生,是不断挣扎和反抗的一生,但以孔孟之道为反动理论基础的封建社会的四大绳索——政权、族权、神权和夫权却紧紧地束缚她。她不仅在物质上、肉体上受尽压榨和摧残,而且在精神上也受尽种种鄙视和嘲笑;不仅生前哀哀无告,还须怀着恐怖走向死亡——对于她,不是意味着悲惨生活的结束,而是成了另一种最大的恐怖的开始,这就深刻揭露了封建礼教和迷信勾结一起残酷压迫劳动人民的本质。祥林嫂的形象,是鲁迅深刻地概括了封建社会千百万被压迫人民的遭遇而写成的一个悲惨的典型人物,它有力地控诉了孔老二反动礼教的思想实质和封建主义制度的野蛮性和残酷性。杀人不见而血的刽子手鲁四,就是孔老二的徒子徒孙。鲁迅先生写这篇作品,就是为了号召人民向这些吃人的势力进行斗争。

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    在当前批林批孔的斗争中,《祝福》对于识破孔孟之道的反动本质有着一定的意义,困此我们编绘这本连环画出版。

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    The life of Xianglin’s wife was a life filled with oppression and humiliation, a life of constant struggle and resistance. But the four major feudal bonds – political authority, kinship authority, theocratic authority and patriarchic authority – bound her tightly to the Confucian and Menzian doctrines, which serve as the basis of the reactionary feudal society. She not only suffered severely from material and physical oppression and destruction, but also suffered psychologically from all sorts of contempt and mockery. Not only did she suffer unspeakable grief during her lifetime, moreover, but she faced death with horror as well - for her, death did not mean the end of a tragic life, but the beginning of even greater terror of a different kind. This profoundly uncovers the collusive nature of feudal Confucian ethics and superstition in mercilessly suppressing the working people. The figure of Xianglin’s wife is an epitome of the billions of people oppressed by feudal society. It is also a typical tragic character created by Lu Xun that powerfully denounces the reactionary essence of the Confucian ethical ideology, as well as the cruel and barbaric nature of the feudal system. Mr. Lu, the executioner who kills without the shedding of blood is a disciple of Confucius. Lu Xun wrote this work in order to call on the people to struggle against these cannibalistic forces.

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    In the current struggle to criticize Lin Biao and Confucius, “The New Year’s Sacrifice” is of considerable significance in revealing the reactionary nature of the Confucian and Menzian doctrines, therefore we compile and publish this lianhuanhua.

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    + 本书由我社1957年首次出版,1963年修订再版,现根据读者需求,纳入"现代故事画库"系列重新出版。 +
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    + This book was first published by our publishing house in 1957, revised and republished in 1963. As requested by our readers, we have now included it into our “Image Repository of Modern Stories” series for a new edition. +
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    + 有一年初冬,鲁镇鲁四老爷家里要换女工,做中人的卫老婆子带来了一个女工,年纪大约二十六,七岁,脸色青黄,但两颊却还是红的。 +
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    + One year in early winter, the family of Mr. Lu in the town of Luzhen wanted to change their female worker. Old Wei, who acted as a middlewoman, brought a female worker, roughly 26 or 27 years old. She had a sallow face, but her cheeks were still reddish. +
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    + 卫老婆子叫她祥林嫂,说是自己母家的邻舍,死了当家人,所以出来做工。鲁四老爷皱了皱眉,鲁四太太已经知道了他的意思,是在讨厌她是一个寡妇。 +
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    + Old Wei called her Xianglin’s wife, said she was her maternal family’s neighbour, and she came out to work because her husband had died. Mr. Lu frowned, and his wife immediately knew what he meant, that he disliked the status of Xianglin’s wife as a widow. +
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    + 但鲁四太太看祥林嫂模样还周正,手脚都壮大,很像一个安分耐劳的人,便不管四老爷的皱眉,将她留下试工了。 +
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    + But Mrs. Lu thought her appearance very presentable, with strong hands and feet, and she looked like an honest and hard-working person, so she and kept her for a trial period regardless of Mr. Lu’s frown. +
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    + 试工期内,祥林嫂整天的做,似乎闲着就无聊,她又有力,简直抵得过一个男子,所以第三天就定局,每月钱五百文。 +
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    + During the trial period, Xianglin’s wife worked around the clock and seemed to get bored whenever she was idle. Besides, she was so strong that she could compete over a man, so on the third day, it was settled that she would stay and earn 500 wen per month. +
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    + 祥林嫂不很爱说话,别人问了才回答,答的也不多。直到十几天之后,别人陆续的知道:她家里还有严厉的婆婆,一个小叔子;她是春天没了丈夫的,她丈夫活着时打柴为生,比她小十岁。大家所知道的也就只是这一点。 +
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    + Xianglin’s wife did not talk much and answered only when addressed, and her answers were brief. A dozen days had passed before other people learned bit-by-bit, that she had a harsh mother-in-law at home and a younger brother-in-law; she had lost her husband in the spring; her husband, 10 years younger than her, had gathered firewood for a living before he died. These were all that people knew about her. +
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    + 日子很快的过去了,她的做工却毫没有松懈。人们都说鲁四老爷家里雇着了女工,实在比勤快的男人还勤快。到年底,扫尘,洗地,杀鸡,宰鹅,彻夜的煮福礼,全是一人担当,竟没有添短工。她的口角边渐渐的有了笑影,脸上也白胖了。 +
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    + The days passed quickly, but her work never slacked off. Everyone said the female worker employed by Mr. Lu indeed was more diligent than a diligent man. By the end of the year, sweeping the dust, washing the ground, killing the chickens, slaughtering the geese, and preparing blessing ceremonies all night long, all of which were done by her alone without additional short-term helpers. The corners of her mouth gradually had a hint of a smile, her face also grew fairer and plumber. +
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    + 新年才过,祥林嫂从河边淘米回来时,忽而失了色,说刚才远远的看见一个男人在对岸徘徊,很像夫家的堂伯,恐怕是正为寻她而来了。鲁四太太很惊疑,打听底细,她又不说。 +
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    + Just after the new year, once when Xianglin’s wife came back from rinsing rice by the river, she suddenly went pale and said that she just saw from afar a man pacing up and down on the other side of the riverband, who looked very similar to her husband’s cousin. She was afraid that he had come to find her. Mrs. Lu was suspicious, but when she asked for details, Xianglin’s wife would not say anything. +
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    + 鲁四老爷一知道,就皱一皱眉,对四太太说:这不好。恐怕她是逃出来的! +
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    + When Mr. Lu found out about this, he frowned and said to his wife: “This isn’t good. I’m afraid she ran away from her family!” +
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    + 此后大约十几天,卫老婆子忽而带了一个女人来了,说是祥林嫂的婆婆。那女人虽是山里人模样,然而应酬很从容,说她特地来叫她的儿媳回家去,因为开春事务忙,家中人手不够。 +
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    + About ten days later, Old Wei suddenly brought a woman, saying that she was the mother-in-law of Xianglin’s wife. Although the woman looked like a peasant from the mountains, her social manner was very decent. She explained that she was here to take her daughter-in-law back home as her family was short of labor in the start of a busy spring. +
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    + 鲁四老爷说:“既是她的婆婆要她回去,那有什么话可以说呢。”于是算清了工钱,祥林嫂一文没有用,都交给婆婆。那女人又取了衣服,道过谢,出去了。其实已经是正午。 +
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    + Mr. Lu said, “now that her mother-in-law wants her to go home, what can we say?” Then they settled her wages. As Xianglin’s wife had not used a single coin, the entire sum was handed over to her mother-in-law. The woman picked up the clothes of Xianglin’s wife, thanked Mr. Lu, and then left. It was already midday. +
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    + 好一会,四太太这才惊叫起来:“啊呀,米呢?祥林嫂不是去淘米的么?”于是大家分头寻淘箩。四太太先到厨下,再到堂前,后到卧房,全不见淘箩的影子。 +
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    + After a while, Mrs. Lu cried out, “Ah, where is the rice? Didn’t Xianglin’s wife go out to rinse the rice?” People scattered up to look for the rice basket. Mrs. Lu checked the kitchen, then the hall, afterwards the bedroom, but she didn’t see even a shadow of it. +
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    + 四老爷踱出门外,也不见,直到河边,才见淘箩平平正正的放在岸上,旁边还有一株菜。 +
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    + Mr. Lu checked outside, and did not find any trace of it either. He finally found it placed neatly on the river bank, with a bunch of vegetables next to it. +
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    + 看见的人报告说,河里面上午就停了一只白篷船,篷是全盖起来的。待到祥林嫂出来淘米,刚刚要跪下去,船里便突然跳出两个男人来,像是山里人,一个抱住她,一个帮着,拖进船去。 +
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    + Bystanders reported that there had been a boat moored on the river since the morning, fully covered with a white canopy. When Xianglin’s wife knelt down to wash the rice, two men looking like peasants from the mountains suddenly jumped out of the boat. One man caught her and, with the help of the other, dragged her into the boat. +
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    + 又说,祥林嫂还哭喊了几声,此后便再也没有什么声息,大约给用什么堵住了罢。接着就走上两个女人来,一个不认识,一个就是卫老婆子。窥探舱里,不很分明,祥林嫂像是捆了躺在船板上。 +
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    + They continued to report, that Xianglin’s wife cried out a few times and then fell into silence. Her mouth was probably stuffed by something. Afterwards, two women appeared, one of them unknown, the other one Old Wei. The bystanders peeped in. It was not quite clear, but Xianglin’s wife seemed to be tied up lying on the deck. +
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    + 午饭之后,卫老婆子又来了。四老爷说:“可恶!”四太太愤愤地说:“你自己荐她来,又合伙劫她去,成个什么样子?你拿我们家里开玩笑么?” +
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    + Old Wei came again after lunch. Mr. Lu said, “How dreadful is this!” Mrs. Lu said angrily, “It was you yourself who recommended her to work here, and now you just helped others to kidnap her back, what is this? Are you trying to make a joke out of our family?” +
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    + 卫老婆子连忙说:“啊呀啊呀! 我真上当。对不起,四老爷,四太太。她来求我荐地方,我哪里料得到是瞒着她的婆婆的呢。这一回我一定荐一个好的来折罪……。” +
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    + Old Wei answered hurriedly, “Ah, ah! I was fooled. I apologize for this, Mr. and Mrs. Lu. She had come to me and begged for a work recommendation. How could I have known that she concealed this from her mother-in-law? Next time, I will find someone better to make up for the mistake.” +
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    + 原来祥林嫂瞒着她婆婆出来做工, 她婆婆要给小儿子娶媳妇,不把她嫁了就没有钱做聘礼,所以把她许给了贺家墺的贺老六。祥林嫂回家之后,她婆婆就逼她上轿。 +
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    + As it turned out, Xianglin’s wife had left for work without telling her mother-in-law. Her mother-in-law wanted to find a wife for her younger son, and without the income from marrying her off they could not afford to pay the bride price. Xianglin's wife was thus promised to He Laoliu of Hejia Village. After Xianglin’s wife came home, her mother-in-law forced her to enter the bridal sedan chair. +
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    + 祥林嫂不依,她婆婆就叫小儿子把她用绳子一捆,塞在花轿里。祥林嫂一路只是嚎,骂,花轿抬到贺家墺,她喉咙已经全哑了。 +
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    + Xianglin’s wife would not comply, so her mother-in-law told the younger son to tie her up with a rope and shove her into the sedan chair. Xianglin’s wife howled and cursed the whole way, so by the time they arrived at Hejia Village, she was completely hoarse. +
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    + 拉出轿来,贺老六的哥哥和祥林嫂的小叔子使劲的擒住她,也还拜不成天地。 +
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    + After being pulled out of the sedan chair, He Laoliu’s brother and her late husband’s brother exerted all their strength to restrain her, nonetheless they still could not make her complete the kowtows of the wedding ceremony. +
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    + 他们一不小心,一松手,祥林嫂就一头撞在香案角上,头上碰了一个大窟窿,鲜血直流,用了两把香灰,包上两块红布还止不住血。 +
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    + When they, for a second, accidentally loosened their grip, Xianglin’s wife rammed her head into the corner of the incense burner table. She struck a large hole into her head, and fresh blood was flowing. They put two handfuls of incense ash on the wound and wrapped it with two pieces of red cloth, but they still could not stop the blood flow. +
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    + 直到他们七手八脚地将她和贺老六反关在新房里,她还是骂。 +
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    + Even when they, with many other people lending hands, finally managed to lock her and He Laoliu up in the bridal chamber, she still kept on cursing. +
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    + 后来,祥林嫂到底拗不过,这才依顺了。贺老六有的是力气,会做活,房子是自家的,上头又没有婆婆,别人都说她交了好运。到年底,她就生了一个胖儿子,取名阿毛。 +
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    + At last, Xianglin’s wife was unable to resist any longer, and she obeyed. He Laoliu had strength, he could work, the house was his family’s, and there was no mother-in-law over her head, so others said that she hit the jackpot. At the end of the year, she gave birth to a plump son named Ah Mao. +
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    + 不料过了三年,贺老六染上伤寒症,本来已经好了的,吃了一碗冷饭,复发了,年纪青青的丧了命。 +
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    + Unexpectedly, after three years, He Laoliu caught typhoid fever. He had already recovered, but after eating a bowl of cold rice, he relapsed and died at a young age. +
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    + 祥林嫂打柴,摘茶, 养蚕,苦苦的扶养着儿子阿毛。 +
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    + Xianglin’s wife gathered firewood, plucked tea, raised silkworms, struggling to raise her son Ah Mao. +
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    + 第二年春天,这一日,祥林嫂一清早起来就开了门,拿小篮盛了一篮豆,叫阿毛坐在门槛上剥豆子。 +
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    + One day in the following spring, Xianglin’s wife opened the door early in the morning, scooped a basketful of beans into a small basket, and called Ah Mao to sit at the threshold and shell beans. +
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    + 她自己就在屋后劈柴,淘米,米下了锅,要蒸豆了,她这才叫阿毛。 +
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    + She herself was at the back of the house chopping firewood and rinsing rice. After putting the rice into the pot, it was time to steam the beans, and only then did she call Ah Mao. +
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    + 没有应,她出来一看,只见豆撒得一地,没有她的阿毛了。 +
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    + When there was no response, she went outside to look. All that could be seen were beans scattered all over the ground. Her Ah Mao was gone. +
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    + 她各处去问,都没有,她急了,央人出去寻。 +
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    + She asked around everywhere, but no one had seen him. She became worried, and begged people to go search for him. +
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    + 直到下半天,寻来寻去寻到山墺里,看见刺柴上挂着一只阿毛的小鞋。大家都说:“糟了,怕是遭了狼了。” +
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    + Until the afternoon, they searched all over and reached a mountain clearing, where they saw one of Ah Mao’s little shoes hanging on a thorny branch. They all said: “Oh no, it looks like a wolf got him.” +
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    + 再寻进去,阿毛果然躺在草窠里,肚里的五脏已经都给狼吃空了,手上还紧紧地捏着那只小篮。 +
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    + Continuing the search, they indeed found Ah Mao lying in a grassy den, his guts already eaten away by the wolf. His hand was still tightly grasping the small basket. +
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    + 现在,祥林嫂只剩了一个光身了。 +
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    + Now, Xianglin’s wife was left with nothing but her lone self. +
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    + 到秋天,贺老六的哥哥竟来收屋,把她赶了出来。 +
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    + When autumn came, He Laoliu’s older brother took over the house and threw her. +
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    + 祥林嫂走投无路,只好拎了一只荸荠式的圆篮,一个小铺盖,又到鲁镇来找卫老婆子。 +
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    + Xianglin’s wife had nowhere to go, carrying around a basket shaped like a water chestnut and a small bedroll, she came again to Luzhen looking for Old Wei. +
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    + 卫老婆子又将她带来鲁四老爷家里来了。四太太踌踌了一会,便叫祥林嫂拿圆篮和铺盖到下房去。四老爷照例皱皱眉,但鉴于向来雇用女工之难,也就并不大反对。 +
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    + Old Wei brought her to Mr. Lu’s house again. His wife hesitated for a while, but eventually told Xianglin’s wife to bring her basket and bedroll to the servant’s room. Mr. Lu frowned as usual, but in view of the difficulty of employing female workers, he did not oppose. +
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    + 四老爷只是暗暗告诫四太太说,祥林嫂这种人虽然似乎很可怜,但是败坏风俗,用她帮忙还可以,祭祀时候可用不着她沾手,否则,不干不净,祖宗不是吃的。 +
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    + Mr. Lu cautioned his wife in private, that although someone like Xianglin’s wife seems pitiful, she exerts a bad moral influence. It is okay to use her help, but she should not lend a hand during the sacrifices. Otherwise, the ancestors would not eat on because of her taints. +
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    + 鲁四老爷家里最重大的事件是祭祀,祥林嫂先前最忙的时候也就是祭祀,这回她却清闲了。桌子放在堂中央,她去分配酒杯和筷子。四太太慌忙地说:“祥林嫂, 你放着罢!我来摆。” +
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    + Sacrificing to the ancestors was the biggest event for the family of Mr. Lu. Previously, the sacrifices were also the busiest time for Xianglin’s wife. This time, however, she had nothing to do. The table was set in the centre of the hall, and she went to distribute glasses and chopsticks. Mrs. Lu rushed to say: “Xianglin’s wife, leave it there! I’ll do it.” +
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    + 她只好缩了手,又去取烛台,四太太慌忙地说:“祥林嫂,你放着罢!我来拿。” +
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    + She was forced to withdraw her hand and went to pick up a candlestick. Mrs. Lu said in a panic: “Xianglin’s wife, leave it there! I’ll get it.” +
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    + 她转了几个圆圈,终于没有事情做,只得疑惑的走开。她在这一天可做的事只不过坐在灶下烧火。 +
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    + After making a few rounds around the house, finally, there was nothing left for her to do but to walk away in confusion. All she could do on this day was to sit by the stove and tend to the fire. +
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    + 镇上的人们仍然叫她祥林嫂,但音调和先前很不同;也还和她讲话,但笑容却冷冷的了。她全不理会那些事,只是直着眼睛,和大家讲她的儿子遭狼的故事,讲完就淌下眼泪来,声音也呜咽了。 +
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    + Townspeople still called her Xianglin’s wife, but the tone was very different from before. They still talked with her, but their smiles had turned cold. She ignored those things, and with straight eyes she told everyone the story of how her son had been attacked by a wolf. When she finished her tale, she shed tears and her voice choked with sobs. +
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    + 这故事倒颇有效,男人听了,往往收起笑容,没趣的走开了;女人们却像宽恕了她似的,脸上立刻改换了鄙薄的神气,还要陪出许多眼泪来。 +
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    This story worked quite effectively. The men would stop smiling and walk away uninterestedly after they heard it. The women would seem to forgive her, immediately changing the contemptuous looks on their faces, and shedding tears along with her.

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    + 她就只是反复的向人说她悲惨的故事,倘一看见两三岁的小孩子,她就想引出她的阿毛的故事来,说:“唉唉!我们的阿毛如果还在,也就有这么大了。……” +
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    + She just kept telling people again and again about her tragedy. Whenever she saw a two- or three-year-old child, she would bring up the story about her Ah-mao, and say, “Ah ah! If our Ah-mao were still alive, he would be around that age…” +
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    + 但不久,全镇的人们几乎都能背诵她的话,一听到就烦厌得头痛,立即打断她的话,走开去了,让她张着口怔怔地站着。 +
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    + But before long, almost everyone in town could recite her words. As soon as they heard it, they instantly turned very annoyed, interrupted her at once, walked away, and left her standing in a daze with her mouth hanging open. +
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    + 从此她死尸似的脸上就整日没有笑影,主人们觉得她手脚也没有先前那样灵活,口气上更有些不满了。 +
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    + From then on, the smile had disappeared from her corpse-like face. Her employers found her work not as efficient as before, therefore their tone towards her became more dissatisfied. +
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    + 转眼又到了年底,腊月二十以后,鲁四老爷家里又要忙着过新年了,这回另叫柳妈做帮手。柳妈是善女人,吃素,不肯杀鸡宰鹅,只管洗器皿。祥林嫂除烧火之外,没有别的事,闲坐着看柳妈洗器皿。 +
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    + In the blink of an eye, it was the end of another year. After the 20th day of the twelfth lunar month, the Lu household was busy with the New Year’s celebration again. This time, they found an extra help, Auntie Liu. Auntie Liu was a Buddhist vegetarian woman who refused to kill chickens and geese, but merely washed the vessels. Xianglin’s wife had nothing to do except tend the fire, so she sat idly watching Auntie Liu wash the vessels. +
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    + 柳妈看着祥林嫂说:“你和你第二个男人过活不到两年,倒落了一件罪名。你将来到阴司去,那两个死鬼的男人还要争,你给谁好呢?阎罗大王只好把你锯开来,分给他们。” +
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    + Auntie Liu looked at Xianglin’s wife and said: “You and your second husband were together for less than two years, yet you are guilty of a great sin. When you arrive in the nether world, the ghosts of those two husbands will fight, whom will you be given to? The great king Yama will have to saw you apart and divide you between them.” +
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    + 她听了柳妈的话,脸上就显出恐怖的神色来。柳吗接着说:“我想,你不如及早抵当。你到土地庙里。去捐一条门槛,当作你的替身,给千人踏,万人跨,赎了这一世的罪名,免得死了去受苦。” +
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    + When she heard Auntie Liu’s words, a look of horror appeared on her face. Auntie Liu continued: “I think, it would be better if you go to compensate for it as soon as possible. Go to the Temple of the Village God. Donate a threshold, make it as your substitute, let thousands of people step on it, let tens of thousands of people cross over it in order to atone for your sins in life, so that you will not have to suffer in death.” +
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    + 头天晚上,祥林嫂想着柳妈的话,越想越怕,到天亮才蒙胧睡去,又做了一个恶梦。第二天,早饭之后,她便到镇西头的土地庙里去求捐门槛。庙祝起初不允许,直到她急得流泪,才勉强答应了。价目是大钱十二千。 +
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    + That evening, Xianglin’s wife thought about Auntie Liu’s words, the more she thought about it the more afraid she became. Only at dawn did she fall into a hazy sleep, and even then she had a nightmare. The next day, after breakfast, she went to the Temple of the Village God at the west end of town to ask to donate a threshold. At first, the temple attendant did not give his permission, only when she shed tears out of fear did he grudgingly agree. The price was twelve thousand large copper coins. +
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    + 从此,她整日紧闭了,默默的跑街,扫地,洗菜,淘米。快够一年,她才从四太太手里支取了历来积存的工钱,换算了十二元鹰洋,又请假镇西头去。 +
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    + From then on, she became entirely closed off, silently walking the streets, sweeping the floor, washing vegetables and rinsing rice. It was almost a year later when she asked Mrs. Lu for her accumulated wages, adding up to 12 yuan and again took leave to go to the west end of the town. +
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    + 回来的时候,她神气舒畅,眼光也分外有神,高兴似的对四太太说,她已经在土地庙捐了门槛了。 +
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    + When she came home, her spirit was entirely free from worry, and her eyes were exceptionally bright, looking happy she told Mrs. Lu that she had already been at the Temple of the Village God and donated a threshold. +
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    + 可是到冬至的祭祖时节,祥林嫂看四太太装好祭品,便坦然去拿酒杯和筷子。不料四太太照旧慌忙地大声说:“你放着罢,祥林嫂!” +
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    + When it came to the winter solstice and the sacrifices to the ancestors, Xianglin’s wife saw Mrs. Lu preparing the sacrificial offerings and went to get the wine cups and chopsticks. But to her surprise, Mrs. Lu, as before, rushed to say: “Leave it there, Xianglin’s wife!” +
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    + 她像是受了炮烙似的缩了手,脸色同时变作灰黑,也不再去取烛台,只是失神的站着。 +
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    + She withdrew her hand as if it had been branded with red-hot metal, her face instantly became ashen, and she did not try again to fetch the candlestick, but just stood there dejectedly. +
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    + 直到四老爷上香的时候,叫她走开,她才走开。她疑惑的想:难道自己已经在土地庙捐了门槛,还不能赎了这一世的罪名么?…… +
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    + Only when Mr. Lu burned the joss sticks and ordered her to leave did she leave. Feeling uncertain, she thought: Could it be that despite having already paid for a threshold in contribution to the village temple, she still could not redeem herself from the sins of this life? … +
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    + 这一回她的变化非常大,第二天,不但眼睛凹陷下去,连精神也更不济了,而且很胆怯,有如在白天出穴游行的小鼠;否则呆坐着简直是一个木偶人。 +
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    + This time, there was a huge change in her. The next day, her eyes were sunken down, her spirit further wasted away, and she became very timid, like a mouse wandering out of its hole in daytime; on other occasions she sat blankly, like a puppet. +
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    + 不到半年,她头发也花白起来了,记性尤其坏,甚而至于常常忘却了去淘米。四太太有时当面就说:“祥林嫂怎么这样了?倒不如那时不留她。”似乎是警告她,想打发她走了。 +
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    + Within half a year, her hair started to turn white, her memory became particularly poor, even to the point that she frequently forgot to go and rinse rice. Mrs. Lu sometimes said right in front of her: “How come Xianglin’s wife becomes like this? It would have been better if we hadn’t kept her.” It was as if she was warning her that she wanted to dismiss her. +
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    + 不久,四太太终于停了祥林嫂的工,叫她回到卫老婆子那里去。镇上谁家都不肯雇用她,卫老婆子也没法收留,祥林嫂就成了乞丐。她头发全白,不像四十上下的人了。 +
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    + Before long, Mrs. Lu finally suspended Xianglin’s wife’s work and told her to return to Old Wei’s. No household in town was willing to employ her, and Old Wei was unable to take her in, so Xianglin’s wife became a beggar. Her hair turned completely white, and she did not look like a person in their forties anymore. +
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    + 她见到识字的人,就用眼钉着问:“一个人死了之后,究竟有没有魂灵的?……死掉的一家人,真的都能见面么?……”但是,有谁能回答她呢!就是答得出,又能给她多少安慰呢! +
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    + When she came across someone literate, she fixed her stare at him and asked: “When a person dies, do they actually have a soul? … Dead families, can they truly meet each other? … " But, who could answer her! Even if they gave an answer, how much comfort could this give her! +
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    + 转眼又到了年底,鲁镇的人家照例都又在“祝福”。这天天色阴暗,雪花乱糟糟的飞舞着,当鲁四老爷家里迎过福神,正在大放爆竹的时候,祥林嫂倒在河边,静悄悄的死了。 +
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    + In the blink of an eye, it was the end of another year, the households of Luzhen were as usual all “performing the new year’s sacrifice”. The day was gloomy, the snowflakes danced wildly in the air, just as the Lu household welcomed the God of Fortune, right when the fireworks were being set off, Xianglin’s wife collapsed by the river bank and died quietly. +
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    Lu Xun 鲁迅 1974: The New Year’s Sacrifice 祝福, illustrated by Yong Xiang 永祥, Hong Ren 洪仁, Yao Qiao 姚巧, translated by Stefanie Gondorf, Lena Henningsen, Charlotte Kräker, Jingying Li, Ghost Tian, Beijing: Beijing renmin meishu chubanshe, 1974.1

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    + Lost and Gained in Adaptation: + # +

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    + Comic Book Adaptation of Lu Xun’s “The New Year’s Sacrifice” (祝福, 1974) + # +

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    Lena Henningsen and Ghost Tian

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    + Introduction to the Text + # +

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    The 1974 lianhuanhua adaptation of Lu Xun’s (鲁迅, 1881-1936) famous short story “The New Year’s Sacrifice” (祝福, 1924) represents a distinct interpretation of the original. The comic can be seen as a work of art in its own right, yet it is firmly situated in Maoist discourses and in textual practices of the time. In the following, we will briefly sketch this situation, point out how the comic differs from the original as well as from an earlier adaptation. Doing so, we argue that in the process of adaptation the figure of the narrator is lost – yet, through the images, the story also gains.

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    + “The New Year’s Sacrifice”: Lu Xun in Maoist China + # +

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    “The New Year’s Sacrifice” relates the story of Xianglin’s wife: It is the story of a poor woman suffering misfortune throughout life. Her misfortune is exacerbated by the social norms of her day. She is poor to begin with, loses two husbands and her young son who is eaten by a wolf. Not only does she have to struggle constantly to make a living, she also suffers as people assume her to have accumulated sin which caused these deaths. The family which employs her even considers her unclean and thus bars her from participating in the spiritual rituals conducted during the Chinese New Year celebrations. Unable to find a way to atone for her assumed sins, Xianglin’s wife loses her mind, her job, her dignity, and, finally, her life.

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    In this story, Lu Xun clearly blames superstition and old customs for the fate inflicted on the protagonist. However, ambivalence is introduced into the plot as the story is told by a first-person narrator who has returned to his ancestral town after a long time. This narrator chronicles the fate of Xianglin’s wife, but also his own feelings: He feels repulse when confronted with the backwardness of his uncle (Mr. Lu in the story), but he also feels awkward when confronted with the deranged woman whose questions he wants to evade. When, in the end, she dies, it seems not only the townspeople feel a sense of relief (even though the date of her death confirms earlier assumptions by the townspeople that she is inauspicious), but he himself seems relieved, too. Through this figure, the reader of the story is invited not only to condemn old morals and customs, but also to consider his (or her) own position, involvement and accountability for fates like that of Xianglin’s wife.

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    As such, “The New Year’s Sacrifice” is very much in line with the CCP’s take on ‘superstitious’ and ‘feudal’ practices. The modernist left-wing writer Lu Xun became a central figure in Mao Zedong’s literary policies. In the 1942 Yan’an talks (McDougall 1980; Denton 2016), Mao established Lu Xun as one of the core models for Chinese authors to emulate. Later on, official discourse propagated Lu Xun as a revolutionary, including on propaganda posters from the early to mid 1970s (see, for example the posters collected in the Landsberger collection, i.e. coinciding with the publication of this comic book. Lu Xun’s works continued to be published in the PRC years, with numerous comic adaptations of this stories, and also a wave of internal publications of works by and about Lu Xun setting off in 1972 (Henningsen 2021: 173) when cultural life during the Cultural Revolution began to relax. After the Cultural Revolution, yet and another lianhuanhua version was published, entitled Xianglin’s Wife 祥林嫂 based on movie stills (Lu Xun 1979).

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    + “The New Year’s Sacrifice” in lianhuanhua adaptation(s) + # +

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    This is the context which saw the publication of the present The New Year’s Sacrifice comic. Or rather, it saw the remake of a The New Year’s Sacrifice comic, as the artists (Yong Xiang 永祥, Hong Ren 洪仁, Yao Qiao 姚巧) redid their earlier lianhuanhua book in 1974. The present version rests on the adaptation of the text by Xu Gan 徐淦 from 1957 with only minor changes. The images, however, are entirely redrawn in different style. Two aspects are particularly noteworthy, both of them resulting in a reduction of complexity of the lianhuanhua versions vis-à-vis the original short story. One is a reduction in complexity of the plot as the first-person narrator of the story is lost in adaptation – the other a stylistic reduction of the complexity of emotions that result from the style of the text and the accompanying images.

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    Only in rare instances does the text of the lianhuanhua reveal the emotions the characters experience – mostly in Mrs. Lu’s reactions to her husband. The sentences accompanying the panels bring forward the action of the story, they record the dialogues between the characters. Through their actions and words, they come to life and display their different personalities. The panels add to this, they show emotional expressions on the faces of the characters and they show differences in power among the characters by how they interact with each other. So while the narratorial voice with its ambivalence and its feeling of discomfort towards the backwardness of the situation and towards Xianglin’s wife have disappeared from the text, the images transmit this atmosphere. A particular strong effect is created as the tranquility and beauty of the setting in a Jiangnan town is depicted in water color panels. It forms a stark contrast to an utterly cruel story. Scenes in which Xianglin’s wife suffers harshly – such as pages 17-21 when she is remarried against her will or the penultimate page of the lianhuanhua – are rendered in darker shades.

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    In addition, the plot of first-person narrator of the original story is purged from the plot. Instead, the story is told by an omniscient narrator who remains outside the plot. The events are related in chronological order of Xianglin’s wife’s life – and not in the order in which the first-person-narrator experiences his return to the small town and learns about the miserable fate of Xianglin’s wife. While in the lianhuanhua her death in the snow by the river is related in the last page (the text describing how the village is celebrating the New Year – the image depicting her lying dead and motionless in the snow), in the original short story, this inauspicious (yet relieving) death prompts the narrator to find out about her life and retell the life of Xianglin’s wife. This loss of the narrator distinctly reduces the ambiguity in the original plot.

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    In the original text, in candidly revealing through inner thoughts his complacent attitude towards the circumstances of Xianglin’s wife, the narrator figure serves the primary function of highlighting the amoral and uncaring nature of Chinese society as Lu Xun perceived it. When the narrator has difficulty answering Xianglin’s wife’s questions regarding afterlife, he begins to feel “deeply unsettled” and wonders whether he had “made things worse for her” by his reply (Lu 2009: 164); it seems, at first, that the narrator is concerned with the woman’s well-being. However, readers are quickly disabused of this notion as he “laughed at [him]self”, deciding that he was “perfectly insured with that last ‘I don’t know’” and that “if something did now happen, it could have nothing to do with me” (Lu 2009: 164). Here, it becomes painfully obvious that the narrator cares nothing for Xianglin’s wife but worries only about his own culpability in the event of a problem. When he is later told of her death, his thoughts likewise demonstrate his coldly indifferent response; he remarks in relief, “I realized the thing I had dreaded was now past; that I no longer needed to dwell obsessively on the business, on my ‘I don’t really know’ … I became steadily easier in my mind” (Lu 2009: 165). Notably, this is the sentiment that immediately prefaces the readers’ introduction to the life story of Xianglin’s wife, while the tale is concluded by the narrator waking from a nap to the sounds of New Year’s celebrations. At this point, he “accepted its comfortable, torpid embrace, letting the New Year’s Sacrifice cleanse me of the doubts and misgivings that had troubled me all day” (Lu 2009: 177). For the narrator, the whole of Xianglin’s wife’s tragic life and immeasurable suffering amounted to little more than a day of troubled thoughts, easily cleared by a nap and a lethargic welcoming of the New Year. By enveloping the story of Xianglin’s wife in the apathetic outlook of this outside narrator, Lu Xun presents a disturbing and biting criticism of the callousness exhibited by society’s privileged and borne by its poor.

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    Lacking this narrative framework of the uncaring spectator and centering only on the experiences of Xianglin’s wife, the lianhuanhua adaptation presents a simplistically sympathetic story which does not achieve the critical complexity of the original text. Unlike the original where two central characters—the first-person narrator and Xianglin’s wife—blur the standard distinction between protagonist and antagonistic forces, the lianhuanhua is told from the removed point of view of an omniscient narrator with Xianglin’s wife acting as a clear protagonist. The comic’s text focuses on event description rather than psychological explication as in the original, and its images likewise are drawn in a realistic style with little depiction of emotional or mental states; readers are thus provided a straightforward telling of plot with no imposition of external analysis. In this way, the lianhuanhua is akin to a blank slate onto which readers may project their own understandings and feelings without the influence of a given narrational perspective. Because readers are likely to sympathize with the protagonist of a story, the foremost emotional takeaway from the lianhuanhua adaptation becomes one of simple compassion or pity rather than the disquiet aroused when asked to embody in the first-person an indifferent narrator placed in opposition to a suffering protagonist. This unsophisticated call to sympathy is an easy task for readers to fulfill, especially for a tragic character such as Xianglin’s wife, and does not invite the critical reflection on societal apathy that is fundamental to Lu Xun’s original short story.

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    + “The New Year’s Sacrifice”: Continuity and change from 1957 to 1974 + # +

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    The 1957 (republished in 1963 and reprinted again in 2005) and 1974 versions have only minor changes in the texts below the panels. Only page 55 sees a larger change, with the merging of two pages into one in the 1974 version (pages 55+56 in the 1957 version are merged into one page in 1974). The images accompanying the text are similar in that often the persons are displayed in similar arrangements, though, often from different angles. The style of the images, nonetheless, is very different. While the 1974 version is drawn in watercolors, the earlier version is black and white drawings which allow and call for more simplification in style.

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    Two figures, nonetheless differ among the two versions: the temple attendant and the literate person appearing towards the end of the comic. As to the former, his clothes and bold head clearly identify the 1957 temple attendant as a Buddhist monk, while his 1974 counterpart is less clearly identifiable (page 47).

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    + Page 47 + # +

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    zhufu2_47

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    source: sohu.com

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    + Page 47 + # +

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    zhufu_47

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    This might have to do with the fact that during the Cultural Revolution Buddhism had been one of the objects of criticism.

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    On the penultimate page, Xianglin’s wife inquires with a literate person about life after death. In both images, she is depicted as a beggar, in a crouching pose. What differs, however, are the perspective and the looks of the anonymous literate person. In 1974 (page 56), Xianglin’s wife is in the center of the panel, her white face and hair radiating in front of the dark background, the literate person with whom she inquires is depicted at the left-hand corner of the page, only displaying half of his face. He has short hair, wears a dark coat and has what may be a book under his arm. In the 1957 version (page 57), however, the literate person bears the markers of an early 20th century intellectual more clearly: his hair is short, he has a moustache, he wears a scarf and a simple gown and uses its sleeves to keep his hands warm. He also has a book tucked under his arm. Here, the beggar Xianglin’s wife is on left-hand side while the scholar is center stage with his face at the center of the panel: Does he not look a lot like Lu Xun? By means of this depiction of the scholar and by implying an identity of the fictional character with the original author of the story, the 1957 version manages to implicitly reintroduce the first-person narrator into the plot. After all, the confrontation with Xianglin’s wife’s questions and inquiries into afterlife as well as the discomfort he experiences faced with his own speechlessness were the reasons for discomfort for the narrator. Likely, such a depiction of what could be perceived as “Lu Xun” – in scholarly gown and in an ambivalent pose (after all, on the next page, we see Xianglin’s wife dead, implying the co-responsibility of the scholar in her death) might have been too much to risk in 1974 when Lu Xun had to fulfill his role as a revolutionary who contributed to the right cause with his pen unswervingly and without hesitation.

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    + Page 57 + # +

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    zhufu2_57 +source: sohu.com

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    + Page 56 + # +

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    zhufu_57

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    The differences in historical framing among the two versions become more obvious in their respective forewords. While the 1957 version consists of a brief summary of the plot given in relative neutral terms (as we use a digital version of the 2005 reprint which carries both a foreword and a 1963 publication remark, we assume that this is also the 1957 text, though, we cannot be fully certain of this), the 1974 foreword is more elaborate: The plot summary is about twice as long, uses much stronger vocabulary to present the story in the rhetoric of the Cultural Revolution. A second page of the same length reinforces this, first, by framing the story (and the lianhuanhua) as a valuable contribution to the current campaign to criticize Lin Biao and Confucius, second, by pointing out how the suffering of Xianglin’s wife can be attributed to feudalism and the teachings of Confucius and Menzius and, third, by pointing out how Lu Xun intended to mobilize the “people to struggle against these cannibalistic forces” thus not only emphasizing the revolutionary nature of Lu Xun and his literature but also making use of the cannibalism trope.

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    On the one hand, the adaptations represent a reduction of the complexity and ambiguity of Lu Xun’s original and as such can be seen as a losing in the course of adaptation, with the realism inscribed into the images and with the loss of the ambiguous first-person narrator from Lu Xun’s short story. On the other hand, however, the comics in their variety of framing and individual painting styles serve to keep the story visible and meaningful to later generations of readers. In their simplicity, they provide access to the story to a readership who may not be literate enough to read the original – and they may add a distinct interpretation of the story for those readers familiar with the original, thus clearly representing a gain in adaptation.

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    + References + # +

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    Denton, Kirk, A. 2016: “Literature and Politics: Mao Zedong’s ‘Yan’an Talks’ and Party Rectification”, in: Kirk A. Denton [ed.]: The Columbia Companion to Modern Chinese Literature, New York: Columbia University Press, 224-230.

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    Henningsen, Lena 2021: Cultural Revolution Manuscripts: Unofficial Entertainment Fiction from 1970s China, Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.

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    Hoffmann, Hans Peter 2015: „Der Neujahrssegen Lu Xuns – Ein Essay zum literarischen Übersetzen", in Lu, Xun 2015 (1924): Der Neujahrssegen (transl. Alisa Daniczek, Brigitte Höhenrieder, Hans Peter Hoffmann, Julia Neubauer, Angelika Opitz; edition pengkun), Bochum: Projektverlag, 43-72.

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    Lu Xun 鲁迅 2005 (1963, 1957): The New Year’s Sacrifice 祝福, adapted by Xu Gan 徐淦, illustrated by Yong Xiang 永祥, Hong Ren 洪仁, Yao Qiao 姚巧, Beijing: Renmin meishu chubanshe. Accessed online at: https://www.sohu.com/a/355550011_120441479 (last access Jan. 28, 2022).

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    Lu Xun 鲁迅 1974: The New Year’s Sacrifice 祝福, illustrated by Yong Xiang 永祥, Hong Ren 洪仁, Yao Qiao 姚巧, Beijing: Renmin meishu chubanshe.

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    Lu Xun 鲁迅 1979: Xianglin’s Wife 祥林嫂, adapted by Wu Chen 吴琛, Mo Xin 沫, IMAGES Sun Weide 孙为德, Wang Qia 王恰, Shanghai: Renmin meishu chubanshe. (photos / movie stills)

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    Lu, Xun 2009 (1924): “New Year’s Sacrifice” (transl. Julia Lovell), in: Lu Xun: The Real Story of Ah-Q and other Tales of China: The Complete Fiction of Lu Xun, London: Penguin, 161-177.

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    Lu, Xun 2015 (1924): Der Neujahrssegen (transl. Alisa Daniczek, Brigitte Höhenrieder, Hans Peter Hoffmann, Julia Neubauer, Angelika Opitz; edition pengkun), Bochum: Projektverlag.

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    McDougall, Bonnie [ed.] 1980: Mao Zedong's “Talks at the Yan'an Conference on literature and art”, Ann Arbor: Center for Chinese Studies, University of Michigan.

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    + About the translation +
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    + In preparing this translation, our aim was to produce a text that would do justice to the legacy of Lu Xun, but more so, to the language and contents of the PRC adaptation of the story. In his essay accompanying his retranslation of the original short story into German, Hans Peter Hoffmann (2015) makes a convincing argument for the use of slightly outdated terms as markers for what Lu Xun wanted to emphasize as backward in his times. +
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    + Front and back cover +
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    + Frontmatter 01 +
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    + Preface to the 1957 edition # (not shown above) +内容说明 # 祥林嫂年轻的时候死了丈夫,便到鲁四老爷家帮工。后来她婆婆又强迫她嫁人。不久她的第二个丈夫病死了,她的儿子被狼吃掉了,她被生活所逼,只好又回到鲁四老爷家里。鲁四老爷厌恶她死过两个丈夫,说她不干净,败坏风俗。她怪自己的命不好,听了柳妈的话,到土地庙里捐一条门槛,当撖替身赎罪,可是人家还一样鄙视她。她更加衰老了,精神更迟钝了,终于她被赶出了鲁家,变成乞丐死了。 Explanation of the contents # After Xianglin’s wife lost her husband early in life, she comes to the Lu household as a servant. Later on, her mother-in-law forces her to remarry. Soon after, her second husband dies of illness, and her son is eaten by a wolf. She has no choice but to return to the Lu household. +
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    + Frontmatter 02 +
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    + 前言 # 《祝福》描写了一个淳朴的劳动妇女祥林嫂。丈夫死后,她为了逃避被出卖的命运,便来到鲁镇,在地主鲁四家里做工。但不久仍被婆家绑回去,逼嫁到山村里。“她一路只是嚎,骂”,后来还"一头撞在香案角上",不惜以自己的生命来反抗旧社会、旧礼教的压迫。当她再一次在鲁四家里出现,那是第二个丈夫病死,儿子被狼叼走之后。因她再嫁再寡,鲁四把她看成不祥之物,暗暗告诫家人不许她沾手祭品。镇上的人由于受到封建礼教的毒害,也跟着嘲笑她。柳妈又以"阴间"的锯刑来恐吓她,要她到土地庙捐一条门槛,当作赎罪的替身,给千人踏,万人跨。她为了自己的生存,不断挣扎,捐了门槛;但仍然无效,主人还是不许她摆设祭品。她从此精神失常,象一个木偶人。不久被鲁四赶走,成为乞丐。最后怀着对"阴间"的恐怖和疑惑,在年终"祝福"时,死在街头上。 Preface # “The New Year’s Sacrifice” describes the simple female worker Xianglin’s wife. After the death of her husband, she comes to Luzhen to work in the household of Landlord Lu to escape the fate of being sold off. But before long, she is kidnapped by the family of her mother-in-law and forced to remarry into a mountain village. “She howled and cursed the whole way”, and later also “bumped her head against the corner of the incense burner table”, to resist to the oppression of old society and old Confucian ethics with her own life. +
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    + Frontmatter 03 +
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    + 祥林嫂的一生是受压迫受欺辱的一生,是不断挣扎和反抗的一生,但以孔孟之道为反动理论基础的封建社会的四大绳索——政权、族权、神权和夫权却紧紧地束缚她。她不仅在物质上、肉体上受尽压榨和摧残,而且在精神上也受尽种种鄙视和嘲笑;不仅生前哀哀无告,还须怀着恐怖走向死亡——对于她,不是意味着悲惨生活的结束,而是成了另一种最大的恐怖的开始,这就深刻揭露了封建礼教和迷信勾结一起残酷压迫劳动人民的本质。祥林嫂的形象,是鲁迅深刻地概括了封建社会千百万被压迫人民的遭遇而写成的一个悲惨的典型人物,它有力地控诉了孔老二反动礼教的思想实质和封建主义制度的野蛮性和残酷性。杀人不见而血的刽子手鲁四,就是孔老二的徒子徒孙。鲁迅先生写这篇作品,就是为了号召人民向这些吃人的势力进行斗争。 +在当前批林批孔的斗争中,《祝福》对于识破孔孟之道的反动本质有着一定的意义,困此我们编绘这本连环画出版。 +The life of Xianglin’s wife was a life filled with oppression and humiliation, a life of constant struggle and resistance. But the four major feudal bonds – political authority, kinship authority, theocratic authority and patriarchic authority – bound her tightly to the Confucian and Menzian doctrines, which serve as the basis of the reactionary feudal society. She not only suffered severely from material and physical oppression and destruction, but also suffered psychologically from all sorts of contempt and mockery. +
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    + Page 01 +
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    + +有一年初冬,鲁镇鲁四老爷家里要换女工,做中人的卫老婆子带来了一个女工,年纪大约二十六,七岁,脸色青黄,但两颊却还是红的。 One year in early winter, the family of Mr. Lu in the town of Luzhen wanted to change their female worker. Old Wei, who acted as a middlewoman, brought a female worker, roughly 26 or 27 years old. She had a sallow face, but her cheeks were still reddish. +
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    + Page 02 +
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    + +卫老婆子叫她祥林嫂,说是自己母家的邻舍,死了当家人,所以出来做工。鲁四老爷皱了皱眉,鲁四太太已经知道了他的意思,是在讨厌她是一个寡妇。 Old Wei called her Xianglin’s wife, said she was her maternal family’s neighbour, and she came out to work because her husband had died. Mr. Lu frowned, and his wife immediately knew what he meant, that he disliked the status of Xianglin’s wife as a widow. +
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    + +但鲁四太太看祥林嫂模样还周正,手脚都壮大,很像一个安分耐劳的人,便不管四老爷的皱眉,将她留下试工了。 But Mrs. Lu thought her appearance very presentable, with strong hands and feet, and she looked like an honest and hard-working person, so she and kept her for a trial period regardless of Mr. Lu’s frown. +
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    + +试工期内,祥林嫂整天的做,似乎闲着就无聊,她又有力,简直抵得过一个男子,所以第三天就定局,每月钱五百文。 During the trial period, Xianglin’s wife worked around the clock and seemed to get bored whenever she was idle. Besides, she was so strong that she could compete over a man, so on the third day, it was settled that she would stay and earn 500 wen per month. +
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    + 祥林嫂不很爱说话,别人问了才回答,答的也不多。直到十几天之后,别人陆续的知道:她家里还有严厉的婆婆,一个小叔子;她是春天没了丈夫的,她丈夫活着时打柴为生,比她小十岁。大家所知道的也就只是这一点。 Xianglin’s wife did not talk much and answered only when addressed, and her answers were brief. A dozen days had passed before other people learned bit-by-bit, that she had a harsh mother-in-law at home and a younger brother-in-law; she had lost her husband in the spring; her husband, 10 years younger than her, had gathered firewood for a living before he died. These were all that people knew about her. +
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    + Page 06 +
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    + 日子很快的过去了,她的做工却毫没有松懈。人们都说鲁四老爷家里雇着了女工,实在比勤快的男人还勤快。到年底,扫尘,洗地,杀鸡,宰鹅,彻夜的煮福礼,全是一人担当,竟没有添短工。她的口角边渐渐的有了笑影,脸上也白胖了。 The days passed quickly, but her work never slacked off. Everyone said the female worker employed by Mr. Lu indeed was more diligent than a diligent man. By the end of the year, sweeping the dust, washing the ground, killing the chickens, slaughtering the geese, and preparing blessing ceremonies all night long, all of which were done by her alone without additional short-term helpers. The corners of her mouth gradually had a hint of a smile, her face also grew fairer and plumber. +
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    + Page 07 +
    +
    + 新年才过,祥林嫂从河边淘米回来时,忽而失了色,说刚才远远的看见一个男人在对岸徘徊,很像夫家的堂伯,恐怕是正为寻她而来了。鲁四太太很惊疑,打听底细,她又不说。 Just after the new year, once when Xianglin’s wife came back from rinsing rice by the river, she suddenly went pale and said that she just saw from afar a man pacing up and down on the other side of the riverband, who looked very similar to her husband’s cousin. She was afraid that he had come to find her. Mrs. Lu was suspicious, but when she asked for details, Xianglin’s wife would not say anything. +
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    + +鲁四老爷一知道,就皱一皱眉,对四太太说:这不好。恐怕她是逃出来的! When Mr. Lu found out about this, he frowned and said to his wife: “This isn’t good. I’m afraid she ran away from her family!” +
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    + +此后大约十几天,卫老婆子忽而带了一个女人来了,说是祥林嫂的婆婆。那女人虽是山里人模样,然而应酬很从容,说她特地来叫她的儿媳回家去,因为开春事务忙,家中人手不够。 About ten days later, Old Wei suddenly brought a woman, saying that she was the mother-in-law of Xianglin’s wife. Although the woman looked like a peasant from the mountains, her social manner was very decent. She explained that she was here to take her daughter-in-law back home as her family was short of labor in the start of a busy spring. +
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    + +鲁四老爷说:“既是她的婆婆要她回去,那有什么话可以说呢。”于是算清了工钱,祥林嫂一文没有用,都交给婆婆。那女人又取了衣服,道过谢,出去了。其实已经是正午。 Mr. Lu said, “now that her mother-in-law wants her to go home, what can we say?” Then they settled her wages. As Xianglin’s wife had not used a single coin, the entire sum was handed over to her mother-in-law. The woman picked up the clothes of Xianglin’s wife, thanked Mr. Lu, and then left. It was already midday. +
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    + +好一会,四太太这才惊叫起来:“啊呀,米呢?祥林嫂不是去淘米的么?”于是大家分头寻淘箩。四太太先到厨下,再到堂前,后到卧房,全不见淘箩的影子。 After a while, Mrs. Lu cried out, “Ah, where is the rice? Didn’t Xianglin’s wife go out to rinse the rice?” People scattered up to look for the rice basket. Mrs. Lu checked the kitchen, then the hall, afterwards the bedroom, but she didn’t see even a shadow of it. +
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    + +四老爷踱出门外,也不见,直到河边,才见淘箩平平正正的放在岸上,旁边还有一株菜。 Mr. Lu checked outside, and did not find any trace of it either. He finally found it placed neatly on the river bank, with a bunch of vegetables next to it. +
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    + +看见的人报告说,河里面上午就停了一只白篷船,篷是全盖起来的。待到祥林嫂出来淘米,刚刚要跪下去,船里便突然跳出两个男人来,像是山里人,一个抱住她,一个帮着,拖进船去。 Bystanders reported that there had been a boat moored on the river since the morning, fully covered with a white canopy. When Xianglin’s wife knelt down to wash the rice, two men looking like peasants from the mountains suddenly jumped out of the boat. One man caught her and, with the help of the other, dragged her into the boat. +
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    + +又说,祥林嫂还哭喊了几声,此后便再也没有什么声息,大约给用什么堵住了罢。接着就走上两个女人来,一个不认识,一个就是卫老婆子。窥探舱里,不很分明,祥林嫂像是捆了躺在船板上。 They continued to report, that Xianglin’s wife cried out a few times and then fell into silence. Her mouth was probably stuffed by something. Afterwards, two women appeared, one of them unknown, the other one Old Wei. The bystanders peeped in. It was not quite clear, but Xianglin’s wife seemed to be tied up lying on the deck. +
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    + +午饭之后,卫老婆子又来了。四老爷说:“可恶!”四太太愤愤地说:“你自己荐她来,又合伙劫她去,成个什么样子?你拿我们家里开玩笑么?” Old Wei came again after lunch. Mr. Lu said, “How dreadful is this!” Mrs. Lu said angrily, “It was you yourself who recommended her to work here, and now you just helped others to kidnap her back, what is this? Are you trying to make a joke out of our family?” +
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    + +卫老婆子连忙说:“啊呀啊呀! 我真上当。对不起,四老爷,四太太。她来求我荐地方,我哪里料得到是瞒着她的婆婆的呢。这一回我一定荐一个好的来折罪……。” Old Wei answered hurriedly, “Ah, ah! I was fooled. I apologize for this, Mr. and Mrs. Lu. She had come to me and begged for a work recommendation. How could I have known that she concealed this from her mother-in-law? Next time, I will find someone better to make up for the mistake.” +
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    + 原来祥林嫂瞒着她婆婆出来做工, 她婆婆要给小儿子娶媳妇,不把她嫁了就没有钱做聘礼,所以把她许给了贺家墺的贺老六。祥林嫂回家之后,她婆婆就逼她上轿。 As it turned out, Xianglin’s wife had left for work without telling her mother-in-law. Her mother-in-law wanted to find a wife for her younger son, and without the income from marrying her off they could not afford to pay the bride price. Xianglin's wife was thus promised to He Laoliu of Hejia Village. After Xianglin’s wife came home, her mother-in-law forced her to enter the bridal sedan chair. +
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    + +祥林嫂不依,她婆婆就叫小儿子把她用绳子一捆,塞在花轿里。祥林嫂一路只是嚎,骂,花轿抬到贺家墺,她喉咙已经全哑了。 Xianglin’s wife would not comply, so her mother-in-law told the younger son to tie her up with a rope and shove her into the sedan chair. Xianglin’s wife howled and cursed the whole way, so by the time they arrived at Hejia Village, she was completely hoarse. +
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    + +拉出轿来,贺老六的哥哥和祥林嫂的小叔子使劲的擒住她,也还拜不成天地。 After being pulled out of the sedan chair, He Laoliu’s brother and her late husband’s brother exerted all their strength to restrain her, nonetheless they still could not make her complete the kowtows of the wedding ceremony. +
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    + +他们一不小心,一松手,祥林嫂就一头撞在香案角上,头上碰了一个大窟窿,鲜血直流,用了两把香灰,包上两块红布还止不住血。 When they, for a second, accidentally loosened their grip, Xianglin’s wife rammed her head into the corner of the incense burner table. She struck a large hole into her head, and fresh blood was flowing. They put two handfuls of incense ash on the wound and wrapped it with two pieces of red cloth, but they still could not stop the blood flow. +
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    + +直到他们七手八脚地将她和贺老六反关在新房里,她还是骂。 Even when they, with many other people lending hands, finally managed to lock her and He Laoliu up in the bridal chamber, she still kept on cursing. +
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    + +后来,祥林嫂到底拗不过,这才依顺了。贺老六有的是力气,会做活,房子是自家的,上头又没有婆婆,别人都说她交了好运。到年底,她就生了一个胖儿子,取名阿毛。 At last, Xianglin’s wife was unable to resist any longer, and she obeyed. He Laoliu had strength, he could work, the house was his family’s, and there was no mother-in-law over her head, so others said that she hit the jackpot. At the end of the year, she gave birth to a plump son named Ah Mao. +
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    + +不料过了三年,贺老六染上伤寒症,本来已经好了的,吃了一碗冷饭,复发了,年纪青青的丧了命。 Unexpectedly, after three years, He Laoliu caught typhoid fever. He had already recovered, but after eating a bowl of cold rice, he relapsed and died at a young age. +
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    + +祥林嫂打柴,摘茶, 养蚕,苦苦的扶养着儿子阿毛。 Xianglin’s wife gathered firewood, plucked tea, raised silkworms, struggling to raise her son Ah Mao. +
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    + +第二年春天,这一日,祥林嫂一清早起来就开了门,拿小篮盛了一篮豆,叫阿毛坐在门槛上剥豆子。 One day in the following spring, Xianglin’s wife opened the door early in the morning, scooped a basketful of beans into a small basket, and called Ah Mao to sit at the threshold and shell beans. +
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    + +她自己就在屋后劈柴,淘米,米下了锅,要蒸豆了,她这才叫阿毛。 She herself was at the back of the house chopping firewood and rinsing rice. After putting the rice into the pot, it was time to steam the beans, and only then did she call Ah Mao. +
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    + +没有应,她出来一看,只见豆撒得一地,没有她的阿毛了。 When there was no response, she went outside to look. All that could be seen were beans scattered all over the ground. Her Ah Mao was gone. +
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    + +她各处去问,都没有,她急了,央人出去寻。 She asked around everywhere, but no one had seen him. She became worried, and begged people to go search for him. +
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    + +直到下半天,寻来寻去寻到山墺里,看见刺柴上挂着一只阿毛的小鞋。大家都说:“糟了,怕是遭了狼了。” Until the afternoon, they searched all over and reached a mountain clearing, where they saw one of Ah Mao’s little shoes hanging on a thorny branch. They all said: “Oh no, it looks like a wolf got him.” +
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    + +再寻进去,阿毛果然躺在草窠里,肚里的五脏已经都给狼吃空了,手上还紧紧地捏着那只小篮。 Continuing the search, they indeed found Ah Mao lying in a grassy den, his guts already eaten away by the wolf. His hand was still tightly grasping the small basket. +
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    + Page 31 +
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    + +现在,祥林嫂只剩了一个光身了。 Now, Xianglin’s wife was left with nothing but her lone self. +
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    + +到秋天,贺老六的哥哥竟来收屋,把她赶了出来。 When autumn came, He Laoliu’s older brother took over the house and threw her. +
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    + +祥林嫂走投无路,只好拎了一只荸荠式的圆篮,一个小铺盖,又到鲁镇来找卫老婆子。 Xianglin’s wife had nowhere to go, carrying around a basket shaped like a water chestnut and a small bedroll, she came again to Luzhen looking for Old Wei. +
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    + +卫老婆子又将她带来鲁四老爷家里来了。四太太踌踌了一会,便叫祥林嫂拿圆篮和铺盖到下房去。四老爷照例皱皱眉,但鉴于向来雇用女工之难,也就并不大反对。 Old Wei brought her to Mr. Lu’s house again. His wife hesitated for a while, but eventually told Xianglin’s wife to bring her basket and bedroll to the servant’s room. Mr. Lu frowned as usual, but in view of the difficulty of employing female workers, he did not oppose. +
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    + +四老爷只是暗暗告诫四太太说,祥林嫂这种人虽然似乎很可怜,但是败坏风俗,用她帮忙还可以,祭祀时候可用不着她沾手,否则,不干不净,祖宗不是吃的。 Mr. Lu cautioned his wife in private, that although someone like Xianglin’s wife seems pitiful, she exerts a bad moral influence. It is okay to use her help, but she should not lend a hand during the sacrifices. Otherwise, the ancestors would not eat on because of her taints. +
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    + +鲁四老爷家里最重大的事件是祭祀,祥林嫂先前最忙的时候也就是祭祀,这回她却清闲了。桌子放在堂中央,她去分配酒杯和筷子。四太太慌忙地说:“祥林嫂, 你放着罢!我来摆。” Sacrificing to the ancestors was the biggest event for the family of Mr. Lu. Previously, the sacrifices were also the busiest time for Xianglin’s wife. This time, however, she had nothing to do. The table was set in the centre of the hall, and she went to distribute glasses and chopsticks. Mrs. Lu rushed to say: “Xianglin’s wife, leave it there! I’ll do it.” +
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    + +她只好缩了手,又去取烛台,四太太慌忙地说:“祥林嫂,你放着罢!我来拿。” She was forced to withdraw her hand and went to pick up a candlestick. Mrs. Lu said in a panic: “Xianglin’s wife, leave it there! I’ll get it.” +
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    + +她转了几个圆圈,终于没有事情做,只得疑惑的走开。她在这一天可做的事只不过坐在灶下烧火。 After making a few rounds around the house, finally, there was nothing left for her to do but to walk away in confusion. All she could do on this day was to sit by the stove and tend to the fire. +
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    + +镇上的人们仍然叫她祥林嫂,但音调和先前很不同;也还和她讲话,但笑容却冷冷的了。她全不理会那些事,只是直着眼睛,和大家讲她的儿子遭狼的故事,讲完就淌下眼泪来,声音也呜咽了。 Townspeople still called her Xianglin’s wife, but the tone was very different from before. They still talked with her, but their smiles had turned cold. She ignored those things, and with straight eyes she told everyone the story of how her son had been attacked by a wolf. When she finished her tale, she shed tears and her voice choked with sobs. +
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    + 这故事倒颇有效,男人听了,往往收起笑容,没趣的走开了;女人们却像宽恕了她似的,脸上立刻改换了鄙薄的神气,还要陪出许多眼泪来。 This story worked quite effectively. The men would stop smiling and walk away uninterestedly after they heard it. The women would seem to forgive her, immediately changing the contemptuous looks on their faces, and shedding tears along with her. +
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    + +她就只是反复的向人说她悲惨的故事,倘一看见两三岁的小孩子,她就想引出她的阿毛的故事来,说:“唉唉!我们的阿毛如果还在,也就有这么大了。……” She just kept telling people again and again about her tragedy. Whenever she saw a two- or three-year-old child, she would bring up the story about her Ah-mao, and say, “Ah ah! If our Ah-mao were still alive, he would be around that age…” +
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    + +但不久,全镇的人们几乎都能背诵她的话,一听到就烦厌得头痛,立即打断她的话,走开去了,让她张着口怔怔地站着。 But before long, almost everyone in town could recite her words. As soon as they heard it, they instantly turned very annoyed, interrupted her at once, walked away, and left her standing in a daze with her mouth hanging open. +
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    + +从此她死尸似的脸上就整日没有笑影,主人们觉得她手脚也没有先前那样灵活,口气上更有些不满了。 From then on, the smile had disappeared from her corpse-like face. Her employers found her work not as efficient as before, therefore their tone towards her became more dissatisfied. +
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    + 转眼又到了年底,腊月二十以后,鲁四老爷家里又要忙着过新年了,这回另叫柳妈做帮手。柳妈是善女人,吃素,不肯杀鸡宰鹅,只管洗器皿。祥林嫂除烧火之外,没有别的事,闲坐着看柳妈洗器皿。 In the blink of an eye, it was the end of another year. After the 20th day of the twelfth lunar month, the Lu household was busy with the New Year’s celebration again. This time, they found an extra help, Auntie Liu. Auntie Liu was a Buddhist vegetarian woman who refused to kill chickens and geese, but merely washed the vessels. Xianglin’s wife had nothing to do except tend the fire, so she sat idly watching Auntie Liu wash the vessels. +
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    + +柳妈看着祥林嫂说:“你和你第二个男人过活不到两年,倒落了一件罪名。你将来到阴司去,那两个死鬼的男人还要争,你给谁好呢?阎罗大王只好把你锯开来,分给他们。” Auntie Liu looked at Xianglin’s wife and said: “You and your second husband were together for less than two years, yet you are guilty of a great sin. When you arrive in the nether world, the ghosts of those two husbands will fight, whom will you be given to? The great king Yama will have to saw you apart and divide you between them.” +
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    + 她听了柳妈的话,脸上就显出恐怖的神色来。柳吗接着说:“我想,你不如及早抵当。你到土地庙里。去捐一条门槛,当作你的替身,给千人踏,万人跨,赎了这一世的罪名,免得死了去受苦。” When she heard Auntie Liu’s words, a look of horror appeared on her face. Auntie Liu continued: “I think, it would be better if you go to compensate for it as soon as possible. Go to the Temple of the Village God. Donate a threshold, make it as your substitute, let thousands of people step on it, let tens of thousands of people cross over it in order to atone for your sins in life, so that you will not have to suffer in death. +
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    + 头天晚上,祥林嫂想着柳妈的话,越想越怕,到天亮才蒙胧睡去,又做了一个恶梦。第二天,早饭之后,她便到镇西头的土地庙里去求捐门槛。庙祝起初不允许,直到她急得流泪,才勉强答应了。价目是大钱十二千。 That evening, Xianglin’s wife thought about Auntie Liu’s words, the more she thought about it the more afraid she became. Only at dawn did she fall into a hazy sleep, and even then she had a nightmare. The next day, after breakfast, she went to the Temple of the Village God at the west end of town to ask to donate a threshold. At first, the temple attendant did not give his permission, only when she shed tears out of fear did he grudgingly agree. +
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    + +从此,她整日紧闭了,默默的跑街,扫地,洗菜,淘米。快够一年,她才从四太太手里支取了历来积存的工钱,换算了十二元鹰洋,又请假镇西头去。 From then on, she became entirely closed off, silently walking the streets, sweeping the floor, washing vegetables and rinsing rice. It was almost a year later when she asked Mrs. Lu for her accumulated wages, adding up to 12 yuan and again took leave to go to the west end of the town. +
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    + +回来的时候,她神气舒畅,眼光也分外有神,高兴似的对四太太说,她已经在土地庙捐了门槛了。 When she came home, her spirit was entirely free from worry, and her eyes were exceptionally bright, looking happy she told Mrs. Lu that she had already been at the Temple of the Village God and donated a threshold. +
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    + +可是到冬至的祭祖时节,祥林嫂看四太太装好祭品,便坦然去拿酒杯和筷子。不料四太太照旧慌忙地大声说:“你放着罢,祥林嫂!” When it came to the winter solstice and the sacrifices to the ancestors, Xianglin’s wife saw Mrs. Lu preparing the sacrificial offerings and went to get the wine cups and chopsticks. But to her surprise, Mrs. Lu, as before, rushed to say: “Leave it there, Xianglin’s wife!” +
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    + +她像是受了炮烙似的缩了手,脸色同时变作灰黑,也不再去取烛台,只是失神的站着。 She withdrew her hand as if it had been branded with red-hot metal, her face instantly became ashen, and she did not try again to fetch the candlestick, but just stood there dejectedly. +
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    + +直到四老爷上香的时候,叫她走开,她才走开。她疑惑的想:难道自己已经在土地庙捐了门槛,还不能赎了这一世的罪名么?…… Only when Mr. Lu burned the joss sticks and ordered her to leave did she leave. Feeling uncertain, she thought: Could it be that despite having already paid for a threshold in contribution to the village temple, she still could not redeem herself from the sins of this life? … +
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    + +这一回她的变化非常大,第二天,不但眼睛凹陷下去,连精神也更不济了,而且很胆怯,有如在白天出穴游行的小鼠;否则呆坐着简直是一个木偶人。 This time, there was a huge change in her. The next day, her eyes were sunken down, her spirit further wasted away, and she became very timid, like a mouse wandering out of its hole in daytime; on other occasions she sat blankly, like a puppet. +
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    + +不到半年,她头发也花白起来了,记性尤其坏,甚而至于常常忘却了去淘米。四太太有时当面就说:“祥林嫂怎么这样了?倒不如那时不留她。”似乎是警告她,想打发她走了。 Within half a year, her hair started to turn white, her memory became particularly poor, even to the point that she frequently forgot to go and rinse rice. Mrs. Lu sometimes said right in front of her: “How come Xianglin’s wife becomes like this? It would have been better if we hadn’t kept her.” It was as if she was warning her that she wanted to dismiss her. +
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    + +不久,四太太终于停了祥林嫂的工,叫她回到卫老婆子那里去。镇上谁家都不肯雇用她,卫老婆子也没法收留,祥林嫂就成了乞丐。她头发全白,不像四十上下的人了。 Before long, Mrs. Lu finally suspended Xianglin’s wife’s work and told her to return to Old Wei’s. No household in town was willing to employ her, and Old Wei was unable to take her in, so Xianglin’s wife became a beggar. Her hair turned completely white, and she did not look like a person in their forties anymore. +
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    + +她见到识字的人,就用眼钉着问:“一个人死了之后,究竟有没有魂灵的?……死掉的一家人,真的都能见面么?……”但是,有谁能回答她呢!就是答得出,又能给她多少安慰呢! When she came across someone literate, she fixed her stare at him and asked: “When a person dies, do they actually have a soul? … Dead families, can they truly meet each other? … " But, who could answer her! Even if they gave an answer, how much comfort could this give her! +
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    + +转眼又到了年底,鲁镇的人家照例都又在“祝福”。这天天色阴暗,雪花乱糟糟的飞舞着,当鲁四老爷家里迎过福神,正在大放爆竹的时候,祥林嫂倒在河边,静悄悄的死了。 In the blink of an eye, it was the end of another year, the households of Luzhen were as usual all “performing the new year’s sacrifice”. The day was gloomy, the snowflakes danced wildly in the air, just as the Lu household welcomed the God of Fortune, right when the fireworks were being set off, Xianglin’s wife collapsed by the river bank and died quietly. +
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      This essay has been developed as part of the project “The Politics of Reading in the People’s Republic of China” (READCHINA) which has received funding from the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme (grant agreement No. 757365) and as part of the class “Comics in China” (winter 2021/2022) taught at the University of Freiburg. ↩︎

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    + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + diff --git a/public/zhufu/index.xml b/public/zhufu/index.xml new file mode 100644 index 0000000..8e5c659 --- /dev/null +++ b/public/zhufu/index.xml @@ -0,0 +1,620 @@ + + + + The New Year's Sacrifice 祝福 (1974) on Comics + https://readchina.github.io/comics/zhufu/ + Recent content in The New Year's Sacrifice 祝福 (1974) on Comics + Hugo -- gohugo.io + en-us + + About the translation + https://readchina.github.io/comics/zhufu/a-translation-notes/ + Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 + + https://readchina.github.io/comics/zhufu/a-translation-notes/ + In preparing this translation, our aim was to produce a text that would do justice to the legacy of Lu Xun, but more so, to the language and contents of the PRC adaptation of the story. In his essay accompanying his retranslation of the original short story into German, Hans Peter Hoffmann (2015) makes a convincing argument for the use of slightly outdated terms as markers for what Lu Xun wanted to emphasize as backward in his times. + + + + Front and back cover + https://readchina.github.io/comics/zhufu/b-cover/ + Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 + + https://readchina.github.io/comics/zhufu/b-cover/ + + + + + Frontmatter 01 + https://readchina.github.io/comics/zhufu/b-front-i/ + Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 + + https://readchina.github.io/comics/zhufu/b-front-i/ + Preface to the 1957 edition # (not shown above) +内容说明 # 祥林嫂年轻的时候死了丈夫,便到鲁四老爷家帮工。后来她婆婆又强迫她嫁人。不久她的第二个丈夫病死了,她的儿子被狼吃掉了,她被生活所逼,只好又回到鲁四老爷家里。鲁四老爷厌恶她死过两个丈夫,说她不干净,败坏风俗。她怪自己的命不好,听了柳妈的话,到土地庙里捐一条门槛,当撖替身赎罪,可是人家还一样鄙视她。她更加衰老了,精神更迟钝了,终于她被赶出了鲁家,变成乞丐死了。 Explanation of the contents # After Xianglin&rsquo;s wife lost her husband early in life, she comes to the Lu household as a servant. Later on, her mother-in-law forces her to remarry. Soon after, her second husband dies of illness, and her son is eaten by a wolf. She has no choice but to return to the Lu household. + + + + Frontmatter 02 + https://readchina.github.io/comics/zhufu/b-front-ii/ + Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 + + https://readchina.github.io/comics/zhufu/b-front-ii/ + 前言 # 《祝福》描写了一个淳朴的劳动妇女祥林嫂。丈夫死后,她为了逃避被出卖的命运,便来到鲁镇,在地主鲁四家里做工。但不久仍被婆家绑回去,逼嫁到山村里。&ldquo;她一路只是嚎,骂&rdquo;,后来还&quot;一头撞在香案角上&quot;,不惜以自己的生命来反抗旧社会、旧礼教的压迫。当她再一次在鲁四家里出现,那是第二个丈夫病死,儿子被狼叼走之后。因她再嫁再寡,鲁四把她看成不祥之物,暗暗告诫家人不许她沾手祭品。镇上的人由于受到封建礼教的毒害,也跟着嘲笑她。柳妈又以&quot;阴间&quot;的锯刑来恐吓她,要她到土地庙捐一条门槛,当作赎罪的替身,给千人踏,万人跨。她为了自己的生存,不断挣扎,捐了门槛;但仍然无效,主人还是不许她摆设祭品。她从此精神失常,象一个木偶人。不久被鲁四赶走,成为乞丐。最后怀着对&quot;阴间&quot;的恐怖和疑惑,在年终&quot;祝福&quot;时,死在街头上。 Preface # &ldquo;The New Year&rsquo;s Sacrifice&rdquo; describes the simple female worker Xianglin&rsquo;s wife. After the death of her husband, she comes to Luzhen to work in the household of Landlord Lu to escape the fate of being sold off. But before long, she is kidnapped by the family of her mother-in-law and forced to remarry into a mountain village. &ldquo;She howled and cursed the whole way&rdquo;, and later also &ldquo;bumped her head against the corner of the incense burner table&rdquo;, to resist to the oppression of old society and old Confucian ethics with her own life. + + + + Frontmatter 03 + https://readchina.github.io/comics/zhufu/b-front-iii/ + Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 + + https://readchina.github.io/comics/zhufu/b-front-iii/ + 祥林嫂的一生是受压迫受欺辱的一生,是不断挣扎和反抗的一生,但以孔孟之道为反动理论基础的封建社会的四大绳索&mdash;&mdash;政权、族权、神权和夫权却紧紧地束缚她。她不仅在物质上、肉体上受尽压榨和摧残,而且在精神上也受尽种种鄙视和嘲笑;不仅生前哀哀无告,还须怀着恐怖走向死亡&mdash;&mdash;对于她,不是意味着悲惨生活的结束,而是成了另一种最大的恐怖的开始,这就深刻揭露了封建礼教和迷信勾结一起残酷压迫劳动人民的本质。祥林嫂的形象,是鲁迅深刻地概括了封建社会千百万被压迫人民的遭遇而写成的一个悲惨的典型人物,它有力地控诉了孔老二反动礼教的思想实质和封建主义制度的野蛮性和残酷性。杀人不见而血的刽子手鲁四,就是孔老二的徒子徒孙。鲁迅先生写这篇作品,就是为了号召人民向这些吃人的势力进行斗争。 +在当前批林批孔的斗争中,《祝福》对于识破孔孟之道的反动本质有着一定的意义,困此我们编绘这本连环画出版。 +The life of Xianglin&rsquo;s wife was a life filled with oppression and humiliation, a life of constant struggle and resistance. But the four major feudal bonds &ndash; political authority, kinship authority, theocratic authority and patriarchic authority &ndash; bound her tightly to the Confucian and Menzian doctrines, which serve as the basis of the reactionary feudal society. She not only suffered severely from material and physical oppression and destruction, but also suffered psychologically from all sorts of contempt and mockery. + + + + Page 01 + https://readchina.github.io/comics/zhufu/b-page-01/ + Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 + + https://readchina.github.io/comics/zhufu/b-page-01/ + +有一年初冬,鲁镇鲁四老爷家里要换女工,做中人的卫老婆子带来了一个女工,年纪大约二十六,七岁,脸色青黄,但两颊却还是红的。 One year in early winter, the family of Mr. Lu in the town of Luzhen wanted to change their female worker. Old Wei, who acted as a middlewoman, brought a female worker, roughly 26 or 27 years old. She had a sallow face, but her cheeks were still reddish. + + + + Page 02 + https://readchina.github.io/comics/zhufu/b-page-02/ + Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 + + https://readchina.github.io/comics/zhufu/b-page-02/ + +卫老婆子叫她祥林嫂,说是自己母家的邻舍,死了当家人,所以出来做工。鲁四老爷皱了皱眉,鲁四太太已经知道了他的意思,是在讨厌她是一个寡妇。 Old Wei called her Xianglin&rsquo;s wife, said she was her maternal family&rsquo;s neighbour, and she came out to work because her husband had died. Mr. Lu frowned, and his wife immediately knew what he meant, that he disliked the status of Xianglin&rsquo;s wife as a widow. + + + + Page 03 + https://readchina.github.io/comics/zhufu/b-page-03/ + Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 + + https://readchina.github.io/comics/zhufu/b-page-03/ + +但鲁四太太看祥林嫂模样还周正,手脚都壮大,很像一个安分耐劳的人,便不管四老爷的皱眉,将她留下试工了。 But Mrs. Lu thought her appearance very presentable, with strong hands and feet, and she looked like an honest and hard-working person, so she and kept her for a trial period regardless of Mr. Lu&rsquo;s frown. + + + + Page 04 + https://readchina.github.io/comics/zhufu/b-page-04/ + Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 + + https://readchina.github.io/comics/zhufu/b-page-04/ + +试工期内,祥林嫂整天的做,似乎闲着就无聊,她又有力,简直抵得过一个男子,所以第三天就定局,每月钱五百文。 During the trial period, Xianglin&rsquo;s wife worked around the clock and seemed to get bored whenever she was idle. Besides, she was so strong that she could compete over a man, so on the third day, it was settled that she would stay and earn 500 wen per month. + + + + Page 05 + https://readchina.github.io/comics/zhufu/b-page-05/ + Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 + + https://readchina.github.io/comics/zhufu/b-page-05/ + 祥林嫂不很爱说话,别人问了才回答,答的也不多。直到十几天之后,别人陆续的知道:她家里还有严厉的婆婆,一个小叔子;她是春天没了丈夫的,她丈夫活着时打柴为生,比她小十岁。大家所知道的也就只是这一点。 Xianglin&rsquo;s wife did not talk much and answered only when addressed, and her answers were brief. A dozen days had passed before other people learned bit-by-bit, that she had a harsh mother-in-law at home and a younger brother-in-law; she had lost her husband in the spring; her husband, 10 years younger than her, had gathered firewood for a living before he died. These were all that people knew about her. + + + + Page 06 + https://readchina.github.io/comics/zhufu/b-page-06/ + Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 + + https://readchina.github.io/comics/zhufu/b-page-06/ + 日子很快的过去了,她的做工却毫没有松懈。人们都说鲁四老爷家里雇着了女工,实在比勤快的男人还勤快。到年底,扫尘,洗地,杀鸡,宰鹅,彻夜的煮福礼,全是一人担当,竟没有添短工。她的口角边渐渐的有了笑影,脸上也白胖了。 The days passed quickly, but her work never slacked off. Everyone said the female worker employed by Mr. Lu indeed was more diligent than a diligent man. By the end of the year, sweeping the dust, washing the ground, killing the chickens, slaughtering the geese, and preparing blessing ceremonies all night long, all of which were done by her alone without additional short-term helpers. The corners of her mouth gradually had a hint of a smile, her face also grew fairer and plumber. + + + + Page 07 + https://readchina.github.io/comics/zhufu/b-page-07/ + Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 + + https://readchina.github.io/comics/zhufu/b-page-07/ + 新年才过,祥林嫂从河边淘米回来时,忽而失了色,说刚才远远的看见一个男人在对岸徘徊,很像夫家的堂伯,恐怕是正为寻她而来了。鲁四太太很惊疑,打听底细,她又不说。 Just after the new year, once when Xianglin&rsquo;s wife came back from rinsing rice by the river, she suddenly went pale and said that she just saw from afar a man pacing up and down on the other side of the riverband, who looked very similar to her husband&rsquo;s cousin. She was afraid that he had come to find her. Mrs. Lu was suspicious, but when she asked for details, Xianglin&rsquo;s wife would not say anything. + + + + Page 08 + https://readchina.github.io/comics/zhufu/b-page-08/ + Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 + + https://readchina.github.io/comics/zhufu/b-page-08/ + +鲁四老爷一知道,就皱一皱眉,对四太太说:这不好。恐怕她是逃出来的! When Mr. Lu found out about this, he frowned and said to his wife: &ldquo;This isn&rsquo;t good. I&rsquo;m afraid she ran away from her family!&rdquo; + + + + Page 09 + https://readchina.github.io/comics/zhufu/b-page-09/ + Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 + + https://readchina.github.io/comics/zhufu/b-page-09/ + +此后大约十几天,卫老婆子忽而带了一个女人来了,说是祥林嫂的婆婆。那女人虽是山里人模样,然而应酬很从容,说她特地来叫她的儿媳回家去,因为开春事务忙,家中人手不够。 About ten days later, Old Wei suddenly brought a woman, saying that she was the mother-in-law of Xianglin&rsquo;s wife. Although the woman looked like a peasant from the mountains, her social manner was very decent. She explained that she was here to take her daughter-in-law back home as her family was short of labor in the start of a busy spring. + + + + Page 10 + https://readchina.github.io/comics/zhufu/b-page-10/ + Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 + + https://readchina.github.io/comics/zhufu/b-page-10/ + +鲁四老爷说:“既是她的婆婆要她回去,那有什么话可以说呢。”于是算清了工钱,祥林嫂一文没有用,都交给婆婆。那女人又取了衣服,道过谢,出去了。其实已经是正午。 Mr. Lu said, &ldquo;now that her mother-in-law wants her to go home, what can we say?&rdquo; Then they settled her wages. As Xianglin&rsquo;s wife had not used a single coin, the entire sum was handed over to her mother-in-law. The woman picked up the clothes of Xianglin&rsquo;s wife, thanked Mr. Lu, and then left. It was already midday. + + + + Page 11 + https://readchina.github.io/comics/zhufu/b-page-11/ + Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 + + https://readchina.github.io/comics/zhufu/b-page-11/ + +好一会,四太太这才惊叫起来:“啊呀,米呢?祥林嫂不是去淘米的么?”于是大家分头寻淘箩。四太太先到厨下,再到堂前,后到卧房,全不见淘箩的影子。 After a while, Mrs. Lu cried out, &ldquo;Ah, where is the rice? Didn&rsquo;t Xianglin&rsquo;s wife go out to rinse the rice?&rdquo; People scattered up to look for the rice basket. Mrs. Lu checked the kitchen, then the hall, afterwards the bedroom, but she didn&rsquo;t see even a shadow of it. + + + + Page 12 + https://readchina.github.io/comics/zhufu/b-page-12/ + Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 + + https://readchina.github.io/comics/zhufu/b-page-12/ + +四老爷踱出门外,也不见,直到河边,才见淘箩平平正正的放在岸上,旁边还有一株菜。 Mr. Lu checked outside, and did not find any trace of it either. He finally found it placed neatly on the river bank, with a bunch of vegetables next to it. + + + + Page 13 + https://readchina.github.io/comics/zhufu/b-page-13/ + Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 + + https://readchina.github.io/comics/zhufu/b-page-13/ + +看见的人报告说,河里面上午就停了一只白篷船,篷是全盖起来的。待到祥林嫂出来淘米,刚刚要跪下去,船里便突然跳出两个男人来,像是山里人,一个抱住她,一个帮着,拖进船去。 Bystanders reported that there had been a boat moored on the river since the morning, fully covered with a white canopy. When Xianglin&rsquo;s wife knelt down to wash the rice, two men looking like peasants from the mountains suddenly jumped out of the boat. One man caught her and, with the help of the other, dragged her into the boat. + + + + Page 14 + https://readchina.github.io/comics/zhufu/b-page-14/ + Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 + + https://readchina.github.io/comics/zhufu/b-page-14/ + +又说,祥林嫂还哭喊了几声,此后便再也没有什么声息,大约给用什么堵住了罢。接着就走上两个女人来,一个不认识,一个就是卫老婆子。窥探舱里,不很分明,祥林嫂像是捆了躺在船板上。 They continued to report, that Xianglin&rsquo;s wife cried out a few times and then fell into silence. Her mouth was probably stuffed by something. Afterwards, two women appeared, one of them unknown, the other one Old Wei. The bystanders peeped in. It was not quite clear, but Xianglin&rsquo;s wife seemed to be tied up lying on the deck. + + + + Page 15 + https://readchina.github.io/comics/zhufu/b-page-15/ + Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 + + https://readchina.github.io/comics/zhufu/b-page-15/ + +午饭之后,卫老婆子又来了。四老爷说:“可恶!”四太太愤愤地说:“你自己荐她来,又合伙劫她去,成个什么样子?你拿我们家里开玩笑么?” Old Wei came again after lunch. Mr. Lu said, &ldquo;How dreadful is this!&rdquo; Mrs. Lu said angrily, &ldquo;It was you yourself who recommended her to work here, and now you just helped others to kidnap her back, what is this? Are you trying to make a joke out of our family?&rdquo; + + + + Page 16 + https://readchina.github.io/comics/zhufu/b-page-16/ + Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 + + https://readchina.github.io/comics/zhufu/b-page-16/ + +卫老婆子连忙说:“啊呀啊呀! 我真上当。对不起,四老爷,四太太。她来求我荐地方,我哪里料得到是瞒着她的婆婆的呢。这一回我一定荐一个好的来折罪……。” Old Wei answered hurriedly, &ldquo;Ah, ah! I was fooled. I apologize for this, Mr. and Mrs. Lu. She had come to me and begged for a work recommendation. How could I have known that she concealed this from her mother-in-law? Next time, I will find someone better to make up for the mistake.&rdquo; + + + + Page 17 + https://readchina.github.io/comics/zhufu/b-page-17/ + Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 + + https://readchina.github.io/comics/zhufu/b-page-17/ + 原来祥林嫂瞒着她婆婆出来做工, 她婆婆要给小儿子娶媳妇,不把她嫁了就没有钱做聘礼,所以把她许给了贺家墺的贺老六。祥林嫂回家之后,她婆婆就逼她上轿。 As it turned out, Xianglin&rsquo;s wife had left for work without telling her mother-in-law. Her mother-in-law wanted to find a wife for her younger son, and without the income from marrying her off they could not afford to pay the bride price. Xianglin's wife was thus promised to He Laoliu of Hejia Village. After Xianglin&rsquo;s wife came home, her mother-in-law forced her to enter the bridal sedan chair. + + + + Page 18 + https://readchina.github.io/comics/zhufu/b-page-18/ + Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 + + https://readchina.github.io/comics/zhufu/b-page-18/ + +祥林嫂不依,她婆婆就叫小儿子把她用绳子一捆,塞在花轿里。祥林嫂一路只是嚎,骂,花轿抬到贺家墺,她喉咙已经全哑了。 Xianglin&rsquo;s wife would not comply, so her mother-in-law told the younger son to tie her up with a rope and shove her into the sedan chair. Xianglin&rsquo;s wife howled and cursed the whole way, so by the time they arrived at Hejia Village, she was completely hoarse. + + + + Page 19 + https://readchina.github.io/comics/zhufu/b-page-19/ + Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 + + https://readchina.github.io/comics/zhufu/b-page-19/ + +拉出轿来,贺老六的哥哥和祥林嫂的小叔子使劲的擒住她,也还拜不成天地。 After being pulled out of the sedan chair, He Laoliu&rsquo;s brother and her late husband&rsquo;s brother exerted all their strength to restrain her, nonetheless they still could not make her complete the kowtows of the wedding ceremony. + + + + Page 20 + https://readchina.github.io/comics/zhufu/b-page-20/ + Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 + + https://readchina.github.io/comics/zhufu/b-page-20/ + +他们一不小心,一松手,祥林嫂就一头撞在香案角上,头上碰了一个大窟窿,鲜血直流,用了两把香灰,包上两块红布还止不住血。 When they, for a second, accidentally loosened their grip, Xianglin&rsquo;s wife rammed her head into the corner of the incense burner table. She struck a large hole into her head, and fresh blood was flowing. They put two handfuls of incense ash on the wound and wrapped it with two pieces of red cloth, but they still could not stop the blood flow. + + + + Page 21 + https://readchina.github.io/comics/zhufu/b-page-21/ + Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 + + https://readchina.github.io/comics/zhufu/b-page-21/ + +直到他们七手八脚地将她和贺老六反关在新房里,她还是骂。 Even when they, with many other people lending hands, finally managed to lock her and He Laoliu up in the bridal chamber, she still kept on cursing. + + + + Page 22 + https://readchina.github.io/comics/zhufu/b-page-22/ + Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 + + https://readchina.github.io/comics/zhufu/b-page-22/ + +后来,祥林嫂到底拗不过,这才依顺了。贺老六有的是力气,会做活,房子是自家的,上头又没有婆婆,别人都说她交了好运。到年底,她就生了一个胖儿子,取名阿毛。 At last, Xianglin&rsquo;s wife was unable to resist any longer, and she obeyed. He Laoliu had strength, he could work, the house was his family&rsquo;s, and there was no mother-in-law over her head, so others said that she hit the jackpot. At the end of the year, she gave birth to a plump son named Ah Mao. + + + + Page 23 + https://readchina.github.io/comics/zhufu/b-page-23/ + Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 + + https://readchina.github.io/comics/zhufu/b-page-23/ + +不料过了三年,贺老六染上伤寒症,本来已经好了的,吃了一碗冷饭,复发了,年纪青青的丧了命。 Unexpectedly, after three years, He Laoliu caught typhoid fever. He had already recovered, but after eating a bowl of cold rice, he relapsed and died at a young age. + + + + Page 24 + https://readchina.github.io/comics/zhufu/b-page-24/ + Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 + + https://readchina.github.io/comics/zhufu/b-page-24/ + +祥林嫂打柴,摘茶, 养蚕,苦苦的扶养着儿子阿毛。 Xianglin&rsquo;s wife gathered firewood, plucked tea, raised silkworms, struggling to raise her son Ah Mao. + + + + Page 25 + https://readchina.github.io/comics/zhufu/b-page-25/ + Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 + + https://readchina.github.io/comics/zhufu/b-page-25/ + +第二年春天,这一日,祥林嫂一清早起来就开了门,拿小篮盛了一篮豆,叫阿毛坐在门槛上剥豆子。 One day in the following spring, Xianglin&rsquo;s wife opened the door early in the morning, scooped a basketful of beans into a small basket, and called Ah Mao to sit at the threshold and shell beans. + + + + Page 26 + https://readchina.github.io/comics/zhufu/b-page-26/ + Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 + + https://readchina.github.io/comics/zhufu/b-page-26/ + +她自己就在屋后劈柴,淘米,米下了锅,要蒸豆了,她这才叫阿毛。 She herself was at the back of the house chopping firewood and rinsing rice. After putting the rice into the pot, it was time to steam the beans, and only then did she call Ah Mao. + + + + Page 27 + https://readchina.github.io/comics/zhufu/b-page-27/ + Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 + + https://readchina.github.io/comics/zhufu/b-page-27/ + +没有应,她出来一看,只见豆撒得一地,没有她的阿毛了。 When there was no response, she went outside to look. All that could be seen were beans scattered all over the ground. Her Ah Mao was gone. + + + + Page 28 + https://readchina.github.io/comics/zhufu/b-page-28/ + Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 + + https://readchina.github.io/comics/zhufu/b-page-28/ + +她各处去问,都没有,她急了,央人出去寻。 She asked around everywhere, but no one had seen him. She became worried, and begged people to go search for him. + + + + Page 29 + https://readchina.github.io/comics/zhufu/b-page-29/ + Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 + + https://readchina.github.io/comics/zhufu/b-page-29/ + +直到下半天,寻来寻去寻到山墺里,看见刺柴上挂着一只阿毛的小鞋。大家都说:“糟了,怕是遭了狼了。” Until the afternoon, they searched all over and reached a mountain clearing, where they saw one of Ah Mao&rsquo;s little shoes hanging on a thorny branch. They all said: &ldquo;Oh no, it looks like a wolf got him.&rdquo; + + + + Page 30 + https://readchina.github.io/comics/zhufu/b-page-30/ + Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 + + https://readchina.github.io/comics/zhufu/b-page-30/ + +再寻进去,阿毛果然躺在草窠里,肚里的五脏已经都给狼吃空了,手上还紧紧地捏着那只小篮。 Continuing the search, they indeed found Ah Mao lying in a grassy den, his guts already eaten away by the wolf. His hand was still tightly grasping the small basket. + + + + Page 31 + https://readchina.github.io/comics/zhufu/b-page-31/ + Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 + + https://readchina.github.io/comics/zhufu/b-page-31/ + +现在,祥林嫂只剩了一个光身了。 Now, Xianglin&rsquo;s wife was left with nothing but her lone self. + + + + Page 32 + https://readchina.github.io/comics/zhufu/b-page-32/ + Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 + + https://readchina.github.io/comics/zhufu/b-page-32/ + +到秋天,贺老六的哥哥竟来收屋,把她赶了出来。 When autumn came, He Laoliu&rsquo;s older brother took over the house and threw her. + + + + Page 33 + https://readchina.github.io/comics/zhufu/b-page-33/ + Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 + + https://readchina.github.io/comics/zhufu/b-page-33/ + +祥林嫂走投无路,只好拎了一只荸荠式的圆篮,一个小铺盖,又到鲁镇来找卫老婆子。 Xianglin&rsquo;s wife had nowhere to go, carrying around a basket shaped like a water chestnut and a small bedroll, she came again to Luzhen looking for Old Wei. + + + + Page 34 + https://readchina.github.io/comics/zhufu/b-page-34/ + Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 + + https://readchina.github.io/comics/zhufu/b-page-34/ + +卫老婆子又将她带来鲁四老爷家里来了。四太太踌踌了一会,便叫祥林嫂拿圆篮和铺盖到下房去。四老爷照例皱皱眉,但鉴于向来雇用女工之难,也就并不大反对。 Old Wei brought her to Mr. Lu&rsquo;s house again. His wife hesitated for a while, but eventually told Xianglin&rsquo;s wife to bring her basket and bedroll to the servant&rsquo;s room. Mr. Lu frowned as usual, but in view of the difficulty of employing female workers, he did not oppose. + + + + Page 35 + https://readchina.github.io/comics/zhufu/b-page-35/ + Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 + + https://readchina.github.io/comics/zhufu/b-page-35/ + +四老爷只是暗暗告诫四太太说,祥林嫂这种人虽然似乎很可怜,但是败坏风俗,用她帮忙还可以,祭祀时候可用不着她沾手,否则,不干不净,祖宗不是吃的。 Mr. Lu cautioned his wife in private, that although someone like Xianglin&rsquo;s wife seems pitiful, she exerts a bad moral influence. It is okay to use her help, but she should not lend a hand during the sacrifices. Otherwise, the ancestors would not eat on because of her taints. + + + + Page 36 + https://readchina.github.io/comics/zhufu/b-page-36/ + Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 + + https://readchina.github.io/comics/zhufu/b-page-36/ + +鲁四老爷家里最重大的事件是祭祀,祥林嫂先前最忙的时候也就是祭祀,这回她却清闲了。桌子放在堂中央,她去分配酒杯和筷子。四太太慌忙地说:“祥林嫂, 你放着罢!我来摆。” Sacrificing to the ancestors was the biggest event for the family of Mr. Lu. Previously, the sacrifices were also the busiest time for Xianglin&rsquo;s wife. This time, however, she had nothing to do. The table was set in the centre of the hall, and she went to distribute glasses and chopsticks. Mrs. Lu rushed to say: &ldquo;Xianglin&rsquo;s wife, leave it there! I&rsquo;ll do it.&rdquo; + + + + Page 37 + https://readchina.github.io/comics/zhufu/b-page-37/ + Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 + + https://readchina.github.io/comics/zhufu/b-page-37/ + +她只好缩了手,又去取烛台,四太太慌忙地说:“祥林嫂,你放着罢!我来拿。” She was forced to withdraw her hand and went to pick up a candlestick. Mrs. Lu said in a panic: &ldquo;Xianglin&rsquo;s wife, leave it there! I&rsquo;ll get it.&rdquo; + + + + Page 38 + https://readchina.github.io/comics/zhufu/b-page-38/ + Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 + + https://readchina.github.io/comics/zhufu/b-page-38/ + +她转了几个圆圈,终于没有事情做,只得疑惑的走开。她在这一天可做的事只不过坐在灶下烧火。 After making a few rounds around the house, finally, there was nothing left for her to do but to walk away in confusion. All she could do on this day was to sit by the stove and tend to the fire. + + + + Page 39 + https://readchina.github.io/comics/zhufu/b-page-39/ + Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 + + https://readchina.github.io/comics/zhufu/b-page-39/ + +镇上的人们仍然叫她祥林嫂,但音调和先前很不同;也还和她讲话,但笑容却冷冷的了。她全不理会那些事,只是直着眼睛,和大家讲她的儿子遭狼的故事,讲完就淌下眼泪来,声音也呜咽了。 Townspeople still called her Xianglin&rsquo;s wife, but the tone was very different from before. They still talked with her, but their smiles had turned cold. She ignored those things, and with straight eyes she told everyone the story of how her son had been attacked by a wolf. When she finished her tale, she shed tears and her voice choked with sobs. + + + + Page 40 + https://readchina.github.io/comics/zhufu/b-page-40/ + Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 + + https://readchina.github.io/comics/zhufu/b-page-40/ + 这故事倒颇有效,男人听了,往往收起笑容,没趣的走开了;女人们却像宽恕了她似的,脸上立刻改换了鄙薄的神气,还要陪出许多眼泪来。 This story worked quite effectively. The men would stop smiling and walk away uninterestedly after they heard it. The women would seem to forgive her, immediately changing the contemptuous looks on their faces, and shedding tears along with her. + + + + Page 41 + https://readchina.github.io/comics/zhufu/b-page-41/ + Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 + + https://readchina.github.io/comics/zhufu/b-page-41/ + +她就只是反复的向人说她悲惨的故事,倘一看见两三岁的小孩子,她就想引出她的阿毛的故事来,说:“唉唉!我们的阿毛如果还在,也就有这么大了。……” She just kept telling people again and again about her tragedy. Whenever she saw a two- or three-year-old child, she would bring up the story about her Ah-mao, and say, &ldquo;Ah ah! If our Ah-mao were still alive, he would be around that age…&rdquo; + + + + Page 42 + https://readchina.github.io/comics/zhufu/b-page-42/ + Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 + + https://readchina.github.io/comics/zhufu/b-page-42/ + +但不久,全镇的人们几乎都能背诵她的话,一听到就烦厌得头痛,立即打断她的话,走开去了,让她张着口怔怔地站着。 But before long, almost everyone in town could recite her words. As soon as they heard it, they instantly turned very annoyed, interrupted her at once, walked away, and left her standing in a daze with her mouth hanging open. + + + + Page 43 + https://readchina.github.io/comics/zhufu/b-page-43/ + Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 + + https://readchina.github.io/comics/zhufu/b-page-43/ + +从此她死尸似的脸上就整日没有笑影,主人们觉得她手脚也没有先前那样灵活,口气上更有些不满了。 From then on, the smile had disappeared from her corpse-like face. Her employers found her work not as efficient as before, therefore their tone towards her became more dissatisfied. + + + + Page 44 + https://readchina.github.io/comics/zhufu/b-page-44/ + Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 + + https://readchina.github.io/comics/zhufu/b-page-44/ + 转眼又到了年底,腊月二十以后,鲁四老爷家里又要忙着过新年了,这回另叫柳妈做帮手。柳妈是善女人,吃素,不肯杀鸡宰鹅,只管洗器皿。祥林嫂除烧火之外,没有别的事,闲坐着看柳妈洗器皿。 In the blink of an eye, it was the end of another year. After the 20th day of the twelfth lunar month, the Lu household was busy with the New Year&rsquo;s celebration again. This time, they found an extra help, Auntie Liu. Auntie Liu was a Buddhist vegetarian woman who refused to kill chickens and geese, but merely washed the vessels. Xianglin&rsquo;s wife had nothing to do except tend the fire, so she sat idly watching Auntie Liu wash the vessels. + + + + Page 45 + https://readchina.github.io/comics/zhufu/b-page-45/ + Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 + + https://readchina.github.io/comics/zhufu/b-page-45/ + +柳妈看着祥林嫂说:“你和你第二个男人过活不到两年,倒落了一件罪名。你将来到阴司去,那两个死鬼的男人还要争,你给谁好呢?阎罗大王只好把你锯开来,分给他们。” Auntie Liu looked at Xianglin&rsquo;s wife and said: &ldquo;You and your second husband were together for less than two years, yet you are guilty of a great sin. When you arrive in the nether world, the ghosts of those two husbands will fight, whom will you be given to? The great king Yama will have to saw you apart and divide you between them.&rdquo; + + + + Page 46 + https://readchina.github.io/comics/zhufu/b-page-46/ + Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 + + https://readchina.github.io/comics/zhufu/b-page-46/ + 她听了柳妈的话,脸上就显出恐怖的神色来。柳吗接着说:“我想,你不如及早抵当。你到土地庙里。去捐一条门槛,当作你的替身,给千人踏,万人跨,赎了这一世的罪名,免得死了去受苦。” When she heard Auntie Liu&rsquo;s words, a look of horror appeared on her face. Auntie Liu continued: &ldquo;I think, it would be better if you go to compensate for it as soon as possible. Go to the Temple of the Village God. Donate a threshold, make it as your substitute, let thousands of people step on it, let tens of thousands of people cross over it in order to atone for your sins in life, so that you will not have to suffer in death. + + + + Page 47 + https://readchina.github.io/comics/zhufu/b-page-47/ + Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 + + https://readchina.github.io/comics/zhufu/b-page-47/ + 头天晚上,祥林嫂想着柳妈的话,越想越怕,到天亮才蒙胧睡去,又做了一个恶梦。第二天,早饭之后,她便到镇西头的土地庙里去求捐门槛。庙祝起初不允许,直到她急得流泪,才勉强答应了。价目是大钱十二千。 That evening, Xianglin&rsquo;s wife thought about Auntie Liu&rsquo;s words, the more she thought about it the more afraid she became. Only at dawn did she fall into a hazy sleep, and even then she had a nightmare. The next day, after breakfast, she went to the Temple of the Village God at the west end of town to ask to donate a threshold. At first, the temple attendant did not give his permission, only when she shed tears out of fear did he grudgingly agree. + + + + Page 48 + https://readchina.github.io/comics/zhufu/b-page-48/ + Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 + + https://readchina.github.io/comics/zhufu/b-page-48/ + +从此,她整日紧闭了,默默的跑街,扫地,洗菜,淘米。快够一年,她才从四太太手里支取了历来积存的工钱,换算了十二元鹰洋,又请假镇西头去。 From then on, she became entirely closed off, silently walking the streets, sweeping the floor, washing vegetables and rinsing rice. It was almost a year later when she asked Mrs. Lu for her accumulated wages, adding up to 12 yuan and again took leave to go to the west end of the town. + + + + Page 49 + https://readchina.github.io/comics/zhufu/b-page-49/ + Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 + + https://readchina.github.io/comics/zhufu/b-page-49/ + +回来的时候,她神气舒畅,眼光也分外有神,高兴似的对四太太说,她已经在土地庙捐了门槛了。 When she came home, her spirit was entirely free from worry, and her eyes were exceptionally bright, looking happy she told Mrs. Lu that she had already been at the Temple of the Village God and donated a threshold. + + + + Page 50 + https://readchina.github.io/comics/zhufu/b-page-50/ + Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 + + https://readchina.github.io/comics/zhufu/b-page-50/ + +可是到冬至的祭祖时节,祥林嫂看四太太装好祭品,便坦然去拿酒杯和筷子。不料四太太照旧慌忙地大声说:“你放着罢,祥林嫂!” When it came to the winter solstice and the sacrifices to the ancestors, Xianglin&rsquo;s wife saw Mrs. Lu preparing the sacrificial offerings and went to get the wine cups and chopsticks. But to her surprise, Mrs. Lu, as before, rushed to say: &ldquo;Leave it there, Xianglin&rsquo;s wife!&rdquo; + + + + Page 51 + https://readchina.github.io/comics/zhufu/b-page-51/ + Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 + + https://readchina.github.io/comics/zhufu/b-page-51/ + +她像是受了炮烙似的缩了手,脸色同时变作灰黑,也不再去取烛台,只是失神的站着。 She withdrew her hand as if it had been branded with red-hot metal, her face instantly became ashen, and she did not try again to fetch the candlestick, but just stood there dejectedly. + + + + Page 52 + https://readchina.github.io/comics/zhufu/b-page-52/ + Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 + + https://readchina.github.io/comics/zhufu/b-page-52/ + +直到四老爷上香的时候,叫她走开,她才走开。她疑惑的想:难道自己已经在土地庙捐了门槛,还不能赎了这一世的罪名么?…… Only when Mr. Lu burned the joss sticks and ordered her to leave did she leave. Feeling uncertain, she thought: Could it be that despite having already paid for a threshold in contribution to the village temple, she still could not redeem herself from the sins of this life? … + + + + Page 53 + https://readchina.github.io/comics/zhufu/b-page-53/ + Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 + + https://readchina.github.io/comics/zhufu/b-page-53/ + +这一回她的变化非常大,第二天,不但眼睛凹陷下去,连精神也更不济了,而且很胆怯,有如在白天出穴游行的小鼠;否则呆坐着简直是一个木偶人。 This time, there was a huge change in her. The next day, her eyes were sunken down, her spirit further wasted away, and she became very timid, like a mouse wandering out of its hole in daytime; on other occasions she sat blankly, like a puppet. + + + + Page 54 + https://readchina.github.io/comics/zhufu/b-page-54/ + Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 + + https://readchina.github.io/comics/zhufu/b-page-54/ + +不到半年,她头发也花白起来了,记性尤其坏,甚而至于常常忘却了去淘米。四太太有时当面就说:“祥林嫂怎么这样了?倒不如那时不留她。”似乎是警告她,想打发她走了。 Within half a year, her hair started to turn white, her memory became particularly poor, even to the point that she frequently forgot to go and rinse rice. Mrs. Lu sometimes said right in front of her: &ldquo;How come Xianglin&rsquo;s wife becomes like this? It would have been better if we hadn&rsquo;t kept her.&rdquo; It was as if she was warning her that she wanted to dismiss her. + + + + Page 55 + https://readchina.github.io/comics/zhufu/b-page-55/ + Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 + + https://readchina.github.io/comics/zhufu/b-page-55/ + +不久,四太太终于停了祥林嫂的工,叫她回到卫老婆子那里去。镇上谁家都不肯雇用她,卫老婆子也没法收留,祥林嫂就成了乞丐。她头发全白,不像四十上下的人了。 Before long, Mrs. Lu finally suspended Xianglin&rsquo;s wife&rsquo;s work and told her to return to Old Wei&rsquo;s. No household in town was willing to employ her, and Old Wei was unable to take her in, so Xianglin&rsquo;s wife became a beggar. Her hair turned completely white, and she did not look like a person in their forties anymore. + + + + Page 56 + https://readchina.github.io/comics/zhufu/b-page-56/ + Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 + + https://readchina.github.io/comics/zhufu/b-page-56/ + +她见到识字的人,就用眼钉着问:“一个人死了之后,究竟有没有魂灵的?……死掉的一家人,真的都能见面么?……”但是,有谁能回答她呢!就是答得出,又能给她多少安慰呢! When she came across someone literate, she fixed her stare at him and asked: &ldquo;When a person dies, do they actually have a soul? &hellip; Dead families, can they truly meet each other? &hellip; &quot; But, who could answer her! Even if they gave an answer, how much comfort could this give her! + + + + Page 57 + https://readchina.github.io/comics/zhufu/b-page-57/ + Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 + + https://readchina.github.io/comics/zhufu/b-page-57/ + +转眼又到了年底,鲁镇的人家照例都又在“祝福”。这天天色阴暗,雪花乱糟糟的飞舞着,当鲁四老爷家里迎过福神,正在大放爆竹的时候,祥林嫂倒在河边,静悄悄的死了。 In the blink of an eye, it was the end of another year, the households of Luzhen were as usual all &ldquo;performing the new year&rsquo;s sacrifice&rdquo;. The day was gloomy, the snowflakes danced wildly in the air, just as the Lu household welcomed the God of Fortune, right when the fireworks were being set off, Xianglin&rsquo;s wife collapsed by the river bank and died quietly. + + + + diff --git a/resources/_gen/assets/scss/book.scss_e129fe35b8d0a70789c8a08429469073.content b/resources/_gen/assets/scss/book.scss_e129fe35b8d0a70789c8a08429469073.content new file mode 100644 index 0000000..d0861a2 --- /dev/null +++ b/resources/_gen/assets/scss/book.scss_e129fe35b8d0a70789c8a08429469073.content @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +@charset "UTF-8";:root{--gray-100:#f8f9fa;--gray-200:#e9ecef;--gray-500:#adb5bd;--color-link:#0055bb;--color-visited-link:#8440f1;--body-background:white;--body-font-color:black;--icon-filter:none;--hint-color-info:#6bf;--hint-color-warning:#fd6;--hint-color-danger:#f66}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){:root{--gray-100:rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.1);--gray-200:rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.2);--gray-500:rgba(255, 255, 255, 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