To see all environment variables set within a shell:
C:\> set
To see specific variables:
C:\> set [variables]
Linux equal to "whoami":
C:\> set username
Show path to executables:
C:\> set path
To search for a file in the filesystem:
C:\> dir /b /s [directory]\[file]
Example
C:\> dir /b /s %systemroot%\hosts
Local users:
C:\> net user
Local Groups:
C:\> net localgroup
Members of Local Admin group:
C:\> net localgroup administrators
Add user:
C:\> net user [logon_name] [password] /add
Add user to local admin group:
C:\> net localgroup administrators [logon_name] /add
Domain User:
C:\> net user USERNAME /DOMAIN
List All Domain Users:
C:\> net user /DOMAIN