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<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd">
<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" lang="en" xml:lang="en">
<head>
<title>Server</title>
<!-- 2014-09-18 Thu 23:13 -->
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<meta name="author" content="Jim Blomo"/>
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<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="production/common.css" />
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="production/screen.css" media="screen" />
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<link href='http://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Lobster+Two:700|Yanone+Kaffeesatz:700|Open+Sans' rel='stylesheet' type='text/css'>
<script type="text/javascript">
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@licstart The following is the entire license notice for the
JavaScript code in this tag.
Copyright (C) 2012 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
The JavaScript code in this tag is free software: you can
redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU
General Public License (GNU GPL) as published by the Free Software
Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or (at your option)
any later version. The code is distributed WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY;
without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS
FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU GPL for more details.
As additional permission under GNU GPL version 3 section 7, you
may distribute non-source (e.g., minimized or compacted) forms of
that code without the copy of the GNU GPL normally required by
section 4, provided you include this license notice and a URL
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</head>
<body>
<div id="content">
<h1 class="title">Server</h1>
<div id="table-of-contents">
<h2>Table of Contents</h2>
<div id="text-table-of-contents">
<ul>
<li><a href="#sec-1">1. <b>HTTP</b> and <b>Servers</b></a></li>
<li><a href="#sec-2">2. Servers Return Representations</a></li>
<li><a href="#sec-3">3. What resource to return?</a>
<ul>
<li><a href="#sec-3-1">3.1. With hostname and Path</a></li>
<li><a href="#sec-3-2">3.2. Hostname/Path => Resource</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="#sec-4">4. Webserver</a>
<ul>
<li><a href="#sec-4-1">4.1. Gets old</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="#sec-5">5. Extrapolate</a>
<ul>
<li><a href="#sec-5-1">5.1. Webserver usage</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="#sec-6">6. Missing file?</a>
<ul>
<li><a href="#sec-6-1">6.1. Ambiguous</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="#sec-7">7. HTTP Response Codes</a>
<ul>
<li><a href="#sec-7-1">7.1. In addition to content!</a></li>
<li><a href="#sec-7-2">7.2. HTTP Response Numbers</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="#sec-8">8. Demo 200 OK</a></li>
<li><a href="#sec-9">9. 300s :: Redirect</a>
<ul>
<li><a href="#sec-9-1">9.1. Difference?</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="#sec-10">10. 400s :: Client errors</a>
<ul>
<li><a href="#sec-10-1">10.1. Hooray</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="#sec-11">11. 500s :: Server Errors</a>
<ul>
<li><a href="#sec-11-1">11.1. See this?</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="#sec-12">12. Fun</a>
<ul>
<li><a href="#sec-12-1">12.1. Games, etc.</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="#sec-13">13. Response Headers</a>
<ul>
<li><a href="#sec-13-1">13.1. Reading</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="#sec-14">14. How Many Resources?</a>
<ul>
<li><a href="#sec-14-1">14.1. To load a modern page</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="#sec-15">15. HTTP Versions</a>
<ul>
<li><a href="#sec-15-1">15.1. HTTP Connection Handling</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="#sec-16">16. HTTP Versions</a>
<ul>
<li><a href="#sec-16-1">16.1. HTTP Connection Handling</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="#sec-17">17. Why have different protocols?</a></li>
<li><a href="#sec-18">18. Review</a>
<ul>
<li><a href="#sec-18-1">18.1. No?</a></li>
<li><a href="#sec-18-2">18.2. Review URI</a>
<ul>
<li><a href="#sec-18-2-1">18.2.1. Answers</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="#sec-18-3">18.3. Review Paths</a>
<ul>
<li><a href="#sec-18-3-1">18.3.1. Answers</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
<div id="outline-container-sec-1" class="outline-2">
<h2 id="sec-1"><span class="section-number-2">1</span> <b>HTTP</b> and <b>Servers</b>   <span class="tag"><span class="slide">slide</span></span></h2>
</div>
<div id="outline-container-sec-2" class="outline-2">
<h2 id="sec-2"><span class="section-number-2">2</span> Servers Return Representations   <span class="tag"><span class="slide">slide</span></span></h2>
<div class="outline-text-2" id="text-2">
<ul class="org-ul">
<li>Homework will be writing code to return HTML
</li>
<li>How do we decide which HTML to send?
</li>
<li>How do we use methods and headers?
</li>
<li>How do we represent errors?
</li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
<div id="outline-container-sec-3" class="outline-2">
<h2 id="sec-3"><span class="section-number-2">3</span> What resource to return?   <span class="tag"><span class="slide">slide</span></span></h2>
<div class="outline-text-2" id="text-3">
<ul class="org-ul">
<li>How are resources specified?
</li>
</ul>
</div>
<div id="outline-container-sec-3-1" class="outline-3">
<h3 id="sec-3-1"><span class="section-number-3">3.1</span> With hostname and Path   <span class="tag"><span class="notes">notes</span></span></h3>
<div class="outline-text-3" id="text-3-1">
<ul class="org-ul">
<li><code>people.ischool.berkeley.edu</code>
</li>
<li><code>/~rena/webarch2014/index.html</code>
<ul class="org-ul">
<li>Absolute path?
</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
<div id="outline-container-sec-3-2" class="outline-3">
<h3 id="sec-3-2"><span class="section-number-3">3.2</span> Hostname/Path => Resource   <span class="tag"><span class="slide">slide</span></span></h3>
<div class="outline-text-3" id="text-3-2">
<ul class="org-ul">
<li><a href="http://people.ischool.berkeley.edu/~rena/webarch2014/index.html">http://people.ischool.berkeley.edu/~rena/webarch2014/index.html</a>
</li>
<li>How to specify hostname in <b>HTTP</b>?
</li>
<li>How to specify path?
</li>
<li>What method to use?
</li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div id="outline-container-sec-4" class="outline-2">
<h2 id="sec-4"><span class="section-number-2">4</span> Webserver   <span class="tag"><span class="slide">slide</span></span></h2>
<div class="outline-text-2" id="text-4">
<ul class="org-ul">
<li>Associate <code>/~rena/webarch2014/index.html</code> with <code>/home/rena/public_html/webarch2014/index.html</code>
</li>
<li>Associate <code>/~rena/webarch2014/colors.css</code> with <code>/home/rena/public_html/webarch2014/colors.css</code>
</li>
<li>Associate …
</li>
</ul>
</div>
<div id="outline-container-sec-4-1" class="outline-3">
<h3 id="sec-4-1"><span class="section-number-3">4.1</span> Gets old   <span class="tag"><span class="notes">notes</span></span></h3>
<div class="outline-text-3" id="text-4-1">
<ul class="org-ul">
<li>Instead of associating each file…
</li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div id="outline-container-sec-5" class="outline-2">
<h2 id="sec-5"><span class="section-number-2">5</span> Extrapolate   <span class="tag"><span class="slide">slide</span> <span class="two_col">two_col</span></span></h2>
<div class="outline-text-2" id="text-5">
<ul class="org-ul">
<li>Associate everything in <code>/~rena/</code> with everything in <code>/home/rena/public_html/</code>
</li>
<li>This is a common feature of most webservers
</li>
<li><code>Apache</code> the most popular
</li>
</ul>
<div class="figure">
<p><img src="img/wpid-overalld.png" alt="wpid-overalld.png"/></p>
</div>
</div>
<div id="outline-container-sec-5-1" class="outline-3">
<h3 id="sec-5-1"><span class="section-number-3">5.1</span> Webserver usage   <span class="tag"><span class="notes">notes</span></span></h3>
<div class="outline-text-3" id="text-5-1">
<ul class="org-ul">
<li>Apache is an open source webserver, one of the original
</li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div id="outline-container-sec-6" class="outline-2">
<h2 id="sec-6"><span class="section-number-2">6</span> Missing file?   <span class="tag"><span class="slide">slide</span> <span class="animate">animate</span></span></h2>
<div class="outline-text-2" id="text-6">
<ul class="org-ul">
<li>What should we do if we request a file that is not there?
</li>
<li>Return "Oops!"
</li>
<li>Return nothing?
</li>
<li>Return standard HTML?
</li>
</ul>
</div>
<div id="outline-container-sec-6-1" class="outline-3">
<h3 id="sec-6-1"><span class="section-number-3">6.1</span> Ambiguous   <span class="tag"><span class="notes">notes</span></span></h3>
<div class="outline-text-3" id="text-6-1">
<ul class="org-ul">
<li>What about different languages?
</li>
<li>What about pages that you want to title "Oops!"
</li>
<li>How to tell the difference between an error and no data?
</li>
<li>What if you aren't expecting HTML? Wanted JSON?
</li>
<li>Don't take these for granted. You are the innovators.
</li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div id="outline-container-sec-7" class="outline-2">
<h2 id="sec-7"><span class="section-number-2">7</span> HTTP Response Codes   <span class="tag"><span class="slide">slide</span></span></h2>
<div class="outline-text-2" id="text-7">
<ul class="org-ul">
<li>Numbers are unambiguous, can be read by machines
</li>
<li>Always return a response code
</li>
<li>Return text as well for human readability
</li>
</ul>
</div>
<div id="outline-container-sec-7-1" class="outline-3">
<h3 id="sec-7-1"><span class="section-number-3">7.1</span> In addition to content!   <span class="tag"><span class="notes">notes</span></span></h3>
<div class="outline-text-3" id="text-7-1">
<ul class="org-ul">
<li>In addition to content, we will return a response code
</li>
<li>Response code tell us how we're handling the request, how the content
should be interpreted
</li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
<div id="outline-container-sec-7-2" class="outline-3">
<h3 id="sec-7-2"><span class="section-number-3">7.2</span> HTTP Response Numbers   <span class="tag"><span class="slide">slide</span></span></h3>
<div class="outline-text-3" id="text-7-2">
<dl class="org-dl">
<dt> 200s </dt><dd>OK
</dd>
<dt> 300s </dt><dd>Redirect
</dd>
<dt> 400s </dt><dd>Client errors
</dd>
<dt> 500s </dt><dd>Server errors
</dd>
</dl>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div id="outline-container-sec-8" class="outline-2">
<h2 id="sec-8"><span class="section-number-2">8</span> Demo 200 OK   <span class="tag"><span class="slide">slide</span></span></h2>
<div class="outline-text-2" id="text-8">
<div class="org-src-container">
<pre class="src src-bash">telnet 128.32.78.16 80
GET /~jblomo/webarch2014/ HTTP/1.1
Host: people.ischool.berkeley.edu
HTTP/1.1 200 OK
Date: Fri, 20 Sep 2014 06:29:22 GMT
Server: Apache/2.2.22 (Fedora)
Last-Modified: Fri, 20 Sep 2014 06:28:44 GMT
ETag: "b7f00d0-a5-4e6cac83bff00"
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<p>Hello class! This is a tiny HTML page.</p>
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<div id="outline-container-sec-9" class="outline-2">
<h2 id="sec-9"><span class="section-number-2">9</span> 300s :: Redirect   <span class="tag"><span class="slide">slide</span></span></h2>
<div class="outline-text-2" id="text-9">
<dl class="org-dl">
<dt> 301 </dt><dd>Permanent Redirect
</dd>
<dt> 302 </dt><dd>Temporary Redirect
</dd>
<dt> <code>Location</code> </dt><dd>Header with URI of target
</dd>
</dl>
</div>
<div id="outline-container-sec-9-1" class="outline-3">
<h3 id="sec-9-1"><span class="section-number-3">9.1</span> Difference?   <span class="tag"><span class="notes">notes</span></span></h3>
<div class="outline-text-3" id="text-9-1">
<dl class="org-dl">
<dt> Permanent </dt><dd>Resource has moved (Another server, etc.) update your
bookmarks or links
</dd>
<dt> Temporary </dt><dd>Site is down, play elevator music
</dd>
</dl>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div id="outline-container-sec-10" class="outline-2">
<h2 id="sec-10"><span class="section-number-2">10</span> 400s :: Client errors   <span class="tag"><span class="slide">slide</span></span></h2>
<div class="outline-text-2" id="text-10">
<dl class="org-dl">
<dt> 404 </dt><dd>Resource Not Found
</dd>
</dl>
</div>
<div id="outline-container-sec-10-1" class="outline-3">
<h3 id="sec-10-1"><span class="section-number-3">10.1</span> Hooray   <span class="tag"><span class="notes">notes</span></span></h3>
<div class="outline-text-3" id="text-10-1">
<div class="org-src-container">
<pre class="src src-bash">telnet 128.32.78.16 80
GET /~jblomo/notfound.html HTTP/1.1
Host: people.ischool.berkeley.edu
HTTP/1.1 404 Not Found
Date: Fri, 14 Sep 2012 06:07:58 GMT
Server: Apache/2.2.22 (Fedora)
Content-Length: 312
Content-Type: text/html; charset=iso-8859-1
<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//IETF//DTD HTML 2.0//EN">
<html><head>
<title>404 Not Found</title>
</head><body>
<h1>Not Found</h1>
<p>The requested URL /~jblomo/notfound.html was not found on this server.</p>
<hr>
<address>Apache/2.2.22 (Fedora) Server at people.ischool.berkeley.edu Port 80</address>
</body></html>
Connection closed by foreign host.
</pre>
</div>
<ul class="org-ul">
<li>We solved our problem: making a request for a file that's not there
</li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div id="outline-container-sec-11" class="outline-2">
<h2 id="sec-11"><span class="section-number-2">11</span> 500s :: Server Errors   <span class="tag"><span class="slide">slide</span></span></h2>
<div class="outline-text-2" id="text-11">
<dl class="org-dl">
<dt> 500 </dt><dd>Internal Server Error (Hard drive on fire)
</dd>
</dl>
</div>
<div id="outline-container-sec-11-1" class="outline-3">
<h3 id="sec-11-1"><span class="section-number-3">11.1</span> See this?   <span class="tag"><span class="notes">notes</span></span></h3>
<div class="outline-text-3" id="text-11-1">
<ul class="org-ul">
<li>You might have a code problem
</li>
<li>Check your logs
</li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div id="outline-container-sec-12" class="outline-2">
<h2 id="sec-12"><span class="section-number-2">12</span> Fun   <span class="tag"><span class="slide">slide</span></span></h2>
<div class="outline-text-2" id="text-12">
<ul class="org-ul">
<li>When things go wrong, chance to play
</li>
<li><a href="http://heyzap.com/404">HeyZap</a>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
<div id="outline-container-sec-12-1" class="outline-3">
<h3 id="sec-12-1"><span class="section-number-3">12.1</span> Games, etc.   <span class="tag"><span class="notes">notes</span></span></h3>
<div class="outline-text-3" id="text-12-1">
<ul class="org-ul">
<li>HeyZap built this during a hackathon
</li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div id="outline-container-sec-13" class="outline-2">
<h2 id="sec-13"><span class="section-number-2">13</span> Response Headers   <span class="tag"><span class="slide">slide</span></span></h2>
<div class="outline-text-2" id="text-13">
<ul class="org-ul">
<li>Gave metadata about request
</li>
<li>Return metadata about response
</li>
<li>Size, Representation, Language
</li>
</ul>
</div>
<div id="outline-container-sec-13-1" class="outline-3">
<h3 id="sec-13-1"><span class="section-number-3">13.1</span> Reading   <span class="tag"><span class="notes">notes</span></span></h3>
<div class="outline-text-3" id="text-13-1">
<ul class="org-ul">
<li><a href="http://www.cs.tut.fi/~jkorpela/http.html">Headers</a>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div id="outline-container-sec-14" class="outline-2">
<h2 id="sec-14"><span class="section-number-2">14</span> How Many Resources?   <span class="tag"><span class="slide">slide</span></span></h2>
<div class="outline-text-2" id="text-14">
<ul class="org-ul">
<li>HTML
</li>
<li>CSS
</li>
<li>Javascript
</li>
<li>Images
</li>
<li>…
</li>
</ul>
</div>
<div id="outline-container-sec-14-1" class="outline-3">
<h3 id="sec-14-1"><span class="section-number-3">14.1</span> To load a modern page   <span class="tag"><span class="notes">notes</span></span></h3>
<div class="outline-text-3" id="text-14-1">
<ul class="org-ul">
<li>Of then need to make many, dozens of these requests
</li>
<li>It takes time to make the network (telnet) connection
</li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div id="outline-container-sec-15" class="outline-2">
<h2 id="sec-15"><span class="section-number-2">15</span> HTTP Versions   <span class="tag"><span class="slide">slide</span></span></h2>
<div class="outline-text-2" id="text-15">
<dl class="org-dl">
<dt> 1.0 </dt><dd>Make a new connection each time
</dd>
<dt> 1.1 </dt><dd>Optionally use same connection
</dd>
</dl>
</div>
<div id="outline-container-sec-15-1" class="outline-3">
<h3 id="sec-15-1"><span class="section-number-3">15.1</span> HTTP Connection Handling   <span class="tag"><span class="slide">slide</span></span></h3>
<div class="outline-text-3" id="text-15-1">
<div class="figure">
<p><img src="img/http-phttp-pipelining.png" alt="http-phttp-pipelining.png"/></p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div id="outline-container-sec-16" class="outline-2">
<h2 id="sec-16"><span class="section-number-2">16</span> HTTP Versions   <span class="tag"><span class="slide">slide</span></span></h2>
<div class="outline-text-2" id="text-16">
<dl class="org-dl">
<dt> 1.0 </dt><dd>Serve one resource at a time
</dd>
<dt> 1.1 </dt><dd>Accept requests while sending resources
</dd>
</dl>
</div>
<div id="outline-container-sec-16-1" class="outline-3">
<h3 id="sec-16-1"><span class="section-number-3">16.1</span> HTTP Connection Handling   <span class="tag"><span class="slide">slide</span></span></h3>
<div class="outline-text-3" id="text-16-1">
<div class="figure">
<p><img src="img/http-phttp-pipelining.png" alt="http-phttp-pipelining.png"/></p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div id="outline-container-sec-17" class="outline-2">
<h2 id="sec-17"><span class="section-number-2">17</span> Why have different protocols?   <span class="tag"><span class="slide">slide</span></span></h2>
<div class="outline-text-2" id="text-17">
<ul class="org-ul">
<li>HTTP is about resource manipulation
</li>
<li>Specifying what you want to do with a resource
</li>
<li>How it is represented
</li>
<li>Optimized for web browsing
</li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
<div id="outline-container-sec-18" class="outline-2">
<h2 id="sec-18"><span class="section-number-2">18</span> Review   <span class="tag"><span class="slide">slide</span></span></h2>
<div class="outline-text-2" id="text-18">
<ul class="org-ul">
<li>Questions?
</li>
</ul>
</div>
<div id="outline-container-sec-18-1" class="outline-3">
<h3 id="sec-18-1"><span class="section-number-3">18.1</span> No?   <span class="tag"><span class="notes">notes</span></span></h3>
<div class="outline-text-3" id="text-18-1">
<ul class="org-ul">
<li>Great, I can start calling on people
</li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
<div id="outline-container-sec-18-2" class="outline-3">
<h3 id="sec-18-2"><span class="section-number-3">18.2</span> Review URI   <span class="tag"><span class="slide">slide</span></span></h3>
<div class="outline-text-3" id="text-18-2">
<ul class="org-ul">
<li>What is a URL?
</li>
<li>What is an example resource?
</li>
<li>What is an example non-HTML representation?
</li>
<li><code>mailto:[email protected]</code>
What is the schema?
</li>
<li><code>file://WebArch-253/2012-09-14-HTTP.html#sec-4-9</code>
What is the fragment?
</li>
</ul>
</div>
<div id="outline-container-sec-18-2-1" class="outline-4">
<h4 id="sec-18-2-1"><span class="section-number-4">18.2.1</span> Answers   <span class="tag"><span class="notes">notes</span></span></h4>
<div class="outline-text-4" id="text-18-2-1">
<ul class="org-ul">
<li>Uniform Resource Locator
</li>
<li>User profile picture
</li>
<li>Image (jpeg, png)
</li>
<li>mailto (email)
</li>
<li>sec-4-9
</li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div id="outline-container-sec-18-3" class="outline-3">
<h3 id="sec-18-3"><span class="section-number-3">18.3</span> Review Paths   <span class="tag"><span class="slide">slide</span></span></h3>
<div class="outline-text-3" id="text-18-3">
<ul class="org-ul">
<li>Relative or absolute?
<ul class="org-ul">
<li><i>home/jblomo/public_html/i253</i>
</li>
<li>public_html/i253/
</li>
<li>Do these point to the same place?
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>What does the file <code>page.html</code> contain?
</li>
</ul>
</div>
<div id="outline-container-sec-18-3-1" class="outline-4">
<h4 id="sec-18-3-1"><span class="section-number-4">18.3.1</span> Answers   <span class="tag"><span class="notes">notes</span></span></h4>
<div class="outline-text-4" id="text-18-3-1">
<ul class="org-ul">
<li>paths
<ul class="org-ul">
<li>absolute
</li>
<li>relative
</li>
<li>maybe, depends on your current directory
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>Data. We don't know more.
</li>
</ul>
<script type="text/javascript" src="production/org-html-slideshow.js"></script>
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<div id="postamble" class="status">
<p class="author">Author: Jim Blomo</p>
<p class="date">Created: 2014-09-18 Thu 23:13</p>
<p class="creator"><a href="http://www.gnu.org/software/emacs/">Emacs</a> 23.4.1 (<a href="http://orgmode.org">Org</a> mode 8.0.6)</p>
<p class="xhtml-validation"><a href="http://validator.w3.org/check?uri=referer">Validate XHTML 1.0</a></p>
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