diff --git a/doc/changes/10831.md b/doc/changes/10831.md
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..3b8f69e2911
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/changes/10831.md
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+- Map `(re_export)` library dependencies to the `exports` field in `META` files,
+  and vice-versa. This field was proposed in to
+  https://discuss.ocaml.org/t/proposal-a-new-exports-field-in-findlib-meta-files/13947.
+  The field is included in Dune-generated `META` files only when the Dune lang
+  version is >= 3.17.
+  (#10831, @nojb)
diff --git a/src/dune_findlib/package0.ml b/src/dune_findlib/package0.ml
index 99694f61cd0..8d42b30791c 100644
--- a/src/dune_findlib/package0.ml
+++ b/src/dune_findlib/package0.ml
@@ -31,6 +31,11 @@ let requires t =
   |> List.map ~f:(fun s -> Lib_name.parse_string_exn (Loc.none, s))
 ;;
 
+let exports t =
+  Vars.get_words t.vars "exports" Ps.empty
+  |> List.map ~f:(fun s -> Lib_name.parse_string_exn (Loc.none, s))
+;;
+
 let ppx_runtime_deps t =
   Vars.get_words t.vars "ppx_runtime_deps" preds
   |> List.map ~f:(fun s -> Lib_name.parse_string_exn (Loc.none, s))
diff --git a/src/dune_findlib/package0.mli b/src/dune_findlib/package0.mli
index c134026e48d..83e8ff5b809 100644
--- a/src/dune_findlib/package0.mli
+++ b/src/dune_findlib/package0.mli
@@ -12,6 +12,7 @@ val version : t -> string option
 val description : t -> string option
 val jsoo_runtime : t -> Path.t list
 val requires : t -> Lib_name.t list
+val exports : t -> Lib_name.t list
 val ppx_runtime_deps : t -> Lib_name.t list
 val kind : t -> Lib_kind.t
 val archives : t -> Path.t list Mode.Dict.t
diff --git a/src/dune_rules/findlib.ml b/src/dune_rules/findlib.ml
index 05b09cc3788..7a85a2f766f 100644
--- a/src/dune_rules/findlib.ml
+++ b/src/dune_rules/findlib.ml
@@ -121,8 +121,13 @@ let to_dune_library (t : Findlib.Package.t) ~dir_contents ~ext_lib ~external_loc
     let main_module_name : Lib_info.Main_module_name.t = This None in
     let enabled = Memo.return Lib_info.Enabled_status.Normal in
     let requires =
+      let exports = Lib_name.Set.of_list (Findlib.Package.exports t) in
       Findlib.Package.requires t
-      |> List.map ~f:(fun name -> Lib_dep.direct (add_loc name))
+      |> List.map ~f:(fun name ->
+        let lib_dep =
+          if Lib_name.Set.mem exports name then Lib_dep.re_export else Lib_dep.direct
+        in
+        lib_dep (add_loc name))
     in
     let ppx_runtime_deps = List.map ~f:add_loc (Findlib.Package.ppx_runtime_deps t) in
     let special_builtin_support : (Loc.t * Lib_info.Special_builtin_support.t) option =
diff --git a/src/dune_rules/gen_meta.ml b/src/dune_rules/gen_meta.ml
index ad6bf39056c..aa34cab6c62 100644
--- a/src/dune_rules/gen_meta.ml
+++ b/src/dune_rules/gen_meta.ml
@@ -36,6 +36,7 @@ end
 let string_of_deps deps = Lib_name.Set.to_string_list deps |> String.concat ~sep:" "
 let rule var predicates action value = Rule { var; predicates; action; value }
 let requires ?(preds = []) pkgs = rule "requires" preds Set (string_of_deps pkgs)
+let exports pkgs = rule "exports" [] Set (string_of_deps pkgs)
 
 let ppx_runtime_deps ?(preds = []) pkgs =
   rule "ppx_runtime_deps" preds Set (string_of_deps pkgs)
@@ -87,6 +88,7 @@ let gen_lib pub_name lib ~version =
   in
   let to_names = Lib_name.Set.of_list_map ~f:name in
   let* lib_deps = Resolve.Memo.read_memo (Lib.requires lib) >>| to_names in
+  let* lib_re_exports = Resolve.Memo.read_memo (Lib.re_exports lib) >>| to_names in
   let* ppx_rt_deps =
     Lib.ppx_runtime_deps lib |> Memo.bind ~f:Resolve.read_memo |> Memo.map ~f:to_names
   in
@@ -109,6 +111,12 @@ let gen_lib pub_name lib ~version =
   List.concat
     [ version
     ; [ description desc; requires ~preds lib_deps ]
+    ; (if (match Lib.project lib with
+           | None -> true
+           | Some project -> Dune_project.dune_version project < (3, 17))
+          || Lib_name.Set.is_empty lib_re_exports
+       then []
+       else [ exports lib_re_exports ])
     ; archives ~preds lib
     ; (if Lib_name.Set.is_empty ppx_rt_deps
        then []
@@ -195,9 +203,10 @@ let gen ~(package : Package.t) ~add_directory_entry entries =
            pub_name, entries)
       | Deprecated_library_name
           { old_name = old_public_name, _; new_public_name = _, new_public_name; _ } ->
+        let deps = Lib_name.Set.singleton new_public_name in
         Memo.return
           ( Pub_name.of_lib_name (Public_lib.name old_public_name)
-          , version @ [ requires (Lib_name.Set.singleton new_public_name) ] ))
+          , version @ [ requires deps; exports deps ] ))
   in
   let pkgs =
     List.map pkgs ~f:(fun (pn, meta) ->
diff --git a/src/dune_rules/lib.ml b/src/dune_rules/lib.ml
index f129465994f..1de6a0097c3 100644
--- a/src/dune_rules/lib.ml
+++ b/src/dune_rules/lib.ml
@@ -433,6 +433,7 @@ let info t = t.info
 let project t = t.project
 let implements t = Option.map ~f:Memo.return t.implements
 let requires t = Memo.return t.requires
+let re_exports t = Memo.return t.re_exports
 let ppx_runtime_deps t = Memo.return t.ppx_runtime_deps
 let pps t = Memo.return t.pps
 
diff --git a/src/dune_rules/lib.mli b/src/dune_rules/lib.mli
index 4952c57067e..e53a74a47e6 100644
--- a/src/dune_rules/lib.mli
+++ b/src/dune_rules/lib.mli
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@ val wrapped : t -> Wrapped.t option Resolve.Memo.t
 (** Direct library dependencies of this library *)
 val requires : t -> t list Resolve.Memo.t
 
+val re_exports : t -> t list Resolve.Memo.t
 val ppx_runtime_deps : t -> t list Resolve.Memo.t
 val pps : t -> t list Resolve.Memo.t
 
diff --git a/test/blackbox-tests/test-cases/deprecated-library-name/features.t b/test/blackbox-tests/test-cases/deprecated-library-name/features.t
index 5ce45c8c044..3416bd29daa 100644
--- a/test/blackbox-tests/test-cases/deprecated-library-name/features.t
+++ b/test/blackbox-tests/test-cases/deprecated-library-name/features.t
@@ -53,6 +53,7 @@ tests that the "old_public_name" field is evaluated lazily
 
   $ dune_cmd cat $PWD/_install/lib/a/META
   requires = "b"
+  exports = "b"
 
   $ dune_cmd cat $PWD/_install/lib/a/dune-package | sed "s/(lang dune .*)/(lang dune <version>)/"
   (lang dune <version>)
@@ -144,8 +145,10 @@ First the motivating case.
 
   $ dune_cmd cat d/_build/install/default/lib/menhirLib/META
   requires = "menhir.lib"
+  exports = "menhir.lib"
   $ dune_cmd cat d/_build/install/default/lib/menhirSdk/META
   requires = "menhir.sdk"
+  exports = "menhir.sdk"
 
   $ find d/_build/install/default -name 'dune-package' | sort
   d/_build/install/default/lib/dummy/dune-package
@@ -208,6 +211,7 @@ Checks that we can migrate top-level libraries across packages.
 
   $ dune_cmd cat d/_build/install/default/lib/top1/META
   requires = "q.bar"
+  exports = "q.bar"
 
 Check that we can do it when the name of the new library is the same as the
 old public name:
@@ -227,6 +231,7 @@ old public name:
 
   $ dune_cmd cat d/_build/install/default/lib/top2/META
   requires = "q.top2"
+  exports = "q.top2"
 
 We check that there is an error when there is an actual ambiguity:
 
@@ -304,6 +309,7 @@ Qualified, deprecated old_public_name:
   $ dune_cmd cat d/_build/install/default/lib/q/META
   package "foo" (
     requires = "p"
+    exports = "p"
   )
 
   $ find d/_build/install/default -name 'dune-package' | sort
@@ -345,9 +351,11 @@ Two libraries redirecting to the same library:
   $ dune_cmd cat d/_build/install/default/lib/q/META
   package "bar" (
     requires = "p"
+    exports = "p"
   )
   package "foo" (
     requires = "p"
+    exports = "p"
   )
 
   $ find d/_build/install/default -name 'dune-package' | sort
diff --git a/test/blackbox-tests/test-cases/meta-exports.t b/test/blackbox-tests/test-cases/meta-exports.t
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..4af8b310943
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/blackbox-tests/test-cases/meta-exports.t
@@ -0,0 +1,118 @@
+Check our handling of `exports` in META files. We begin with a test showing that
+we can *consume* META files containing an `exports` field.
+
+To do this, first we create a Findlib hierarchy containing two installed
+packages, `foo` and `bar`. The package `foo` is empty and only exists to
+re-export `bar`. The package `bar` consists of a bytecode library, `bar.cma`.
+
+  $ mkdir -p _install/foo
+  $ cat >_install/foo/META <<EOF
+  > requires = "bar"
+  > EOF
+
+  $ mkdir -p _install/bar
+  $ cat >_install/bar/META <<EOF
+  > archive(byte) = "bar.cma"
+  > EOF
+  $ cat >_install/bar/bar.ml <<EOF
+  > let x = 42
+  > EOF
+  $ ocamlc -a -o _install/bar/bar.cma _install/bar/bar.ml
+
+We now define a Dune project that will consume `foo`.
+
+  $ cat >dune-project <<EOF
+  > (lang dune 3.0)
+  > EOF
+
+  $ cat >dune <<EOF
+  > (executable
+  >  (name main)
+  >  (modes byte)
+  >  (libraries foo))
+  > EOF
+  $ cat >main.ml <<EOF
+  > let () = print_int Bar.x; print_newline ()
+  > EOF
+
+Compilation works with `(implicit_transitive_deps)`:
+
+  $ OCAMLPATH=$(pwd)/_install dune exec ./main.exe
+  42
+
+However, the compilation without `(implicit_transitive_deps)` fails:
+
+  $ cat >dune-project <<EOF
+  > (lang dune 3.0)
+  > (implicit_transitive_deps false)
+  > EOF
+
+  $ OCAMLPATH=$(pwd)/_install dune exec ./main.exe
+  File "main.ml", line 1, characters 19-24:
+  1 | let () = print_int Bar.x; print_newline ()
+                         ^^^^^
+  Error: Unbound module Bar
+  [1]
+
+Next, we add the `exports` field to `foo`'s `META` file:
+
+  $ cat >_install/foo/META <<EOF
+  > requires = "bar"
+  > exports = "bar"
+  > EOF
+
+and compilation now works again:
+
+  $ OCAMLPATH=$(pwd)/_install dune exec ./main.exe
+  42
+
+----------------------------------------------------------------
+
+Next, we check that we can *produce* META files with the `export` field.  To do
+this, we define two Dune libraries `foo` and `bar`, where `foo` depends on `bar`
+using `(re_export)`.
+
+  $ cat >dune-project.gen <<'EOF'
+  > cat <<EOF2
+  > (lang dune $VERSION)
+  > (package (name foo))
+  > (package (name bar))
+  > EOF2
+  > EOF
+
+  $ cat >dune <<EOF
+  > (library
+  >  (public_name bar)
+  >  (modules bar))
+  > (library
+  >  (public_name foo)
+  >  (libraries (re_export bar))
+  >  (modules foo))
+  > EOF
+  $ true >bar.ml
+  $ true >foo.ml
+
+First we try with dune version 3.16 (it should not generate the `exports` field):
+
+  $ VERSION=3.16 sh dune-project.gen >dune-project
+  $ dune build && dune install --libdir $(pwd)/_local
+  $ cat _local/foo/META
+  description = ""
+  requires = "bar"
+  archive(byte) = "foo.cma"
+  archive(native) = "foo.cmxa"
+  plugin(byte) = "foo.cma"
+  plugin(native) = "foo.cmxs"
+
+Now with dune version 3.17 (it should generate the `exports` field):
+
+  $ VERSION=3.17 sh dune-project.gen >dune-project
+  $ dune build && dune install --libdir $(pwd)/_local
+  $ cat _local/foo/META
+  description = ""
+  requires = "bar"
+  exports = "bar"
+  archive(byte) = "foo.cma"
+  archive(native) = "foo.cmxa"
+  plugin(byte) = "foo.cma"
+  plugin(native) = "foo.cmxs"
diff --git a/test/expect-tests/findlib_tests.ml b/test/expect-tests/findlib_tests.ml
index c0d7494726d..becc9be0e5f 100644
--- a/test/expect-tests/findlib_tests.ml
+++ b/test/expect-tests/findlib_tests.ml
@@ -134,7 +134,7 @@ let%expect_test _ =
   let dyn = Dyn.list Lib_dep.to_dyn requires in
   let pp = Dyn.pp dyn in
   Format.printf "%a@." Pp.to_fmt pp;
-  [%expect {|[ "baz" ]|}]
+  [%expect {|[ re_export "baz"; "xyz" ]|}]
 ;;
 
 (* Meta parsing/simplification *)
diff --git a/test/unit-tests/findlib-db/foo/META b/test/unit-tests/findlib-db/foo/META
index e141935ca82..eeb241cbc1c 100644
--- a/test/unit-tests/findlib-db/foo/META
+++ b/test/unit-tests/findlib-db/foo/META
@@ -1,2 +1,3 @@
 requires = "bar"
-requires(ppx_driver) = "baz"
+requires(ppx_driver) = "baz xyz"
+exports = "baz wrong"