diff --git a/metafix/src/main/java/org/metafacture/metafix/Value.java b/metafix/src/main/java/org/metafacture/metafix/Value.java
index 496abeda..17dfef5a 100644
--- a/metafix/src/main/java/org/metafacture/metafix/Value.java
+++ b/metafix/src/main/java/org/metafacture/metafix/Value.java
@@ -305,21 +305,6 @@ void apply(final Hash hash, final String field, final Value value) {
                 void apply(final Hash hash, final String field, final Value value) {
                     hash.add(field, value);
                 }
-            },
-            /* For an indexed representation of arrays as hashes with 1, 2, 3 etc. keys.
-             * i.e. ["a", "b", "c"] as { "1":"a", "2":"b", "3": "c" }
-             * This is what is produced by JsonDecoder and Metafix itself for arrays.
-             * TODO? maybe this would be a good general internal representation, resulting
-             * in every value being either a hash or a string, no more separate array type.*/
-            INDEXED {
-                @Override
-                void apply(final Hash hash, final String field, final Value value) {
-                    hash.add(nextIndex(hash), field.equals(ReservedField.$append.name()) ? value : newHash(h -> h.put(field, value)));
-                }
-
-                private String nextIndex(final Hash hash) {
-                    return "" + (hash.size() + 1) /* TODO? check if keys are actually all ints? */;
-                }
             };
 
             abstract void apply(Hash hash, String field, Value value);
@@ -697,7 +682,7 @@ private Value insert(final InsertMode mode, final String[] fields, final Value n
                     // TODO: move impl into enum elements, here call only value.insert
                     value.matchType()
                         .ifArray(a -> a.insert(mode, tail, newValue))
-                        .ifHash(h -> h.insert(insertMode(mode, field, tail), tail, newValue))
+                        .ifHash(h -> h.insert(mode, tail, newValue))
                         .orElseThrow();
                 }
             }
@@ -708,7 +693,7 @@ private Value insert(final InsertMode mode, final String[] fields, final Value n
         private Value processRef(final InsertMode mode, final Value newValue, final String field, final String[] tail) {
             final Value referencedValue = getReferencedValue(field);
             if (referencedValue != null) {
-                return referencedValue.asHash().insert(insertMode(mode, field, tail), tail, newValue);
+                return referencedValue.asHash().insert(mode, tail, newValue);
             }
             else {
                 throw new IllegalArgumentException("Using ref, but can't find: " + field + " in: " + this);
@@ -738,16 +723,6 @@ private Value getReferencedValue(final String field) {
             return referencedValue;
         }
 
-        private InsertMode insertMode(final InsertMode mode, final String field, final String[] tail) {
-            // if the field is marked as array, this hash should be smth. like { 1=a, 2=b }
-            final boolean isIndexedArray = field.endsWith(Metafix.ARRAY_MARKER);
-            final boolean nextIsRef = tail.length > 0 && (
-                    tail[0].startsWith(ReservedField.$first.name()) ||
-                    tail[0].startsWith(ReservedField.$last.name()) ||
-                    isNumber(tail[0]));
-            return isIndexedArray && !nextIsRef ? InsertMode.INDEXED : mode;
-        }
-
         /**
          * Removes the given field/value pair from this hash.
          *
diff --git a/metafix/src/test/java/org/metafacture/metafix/MetafixRecordTest.java b/metafix/src/test/java/org/metafacture/metafix/MetafixRecordTest.java
index 9374be67..14c3624b 100644
--- a/metafix/src/test/java/org/metafacture/metafix/MetafixRecordTest.java
+++ b/metafix/src/test/java/org/metafacture/metafix/MetafixRecordTest.java
@@ -477,6 +477,7 @@ public void complexAppendWithArrayOfObjects() {
     @Test
     public void appendWithWildcard() {
         MetafixTestHelpers.assertFix(streamReceiver, Arrays.asList(
+                "set_array('stringimals[]')",
                 "copy_field('?nimal', 'stringimals[].$append')"
             ),
             i -> {
@@ -542,6 +543,7 @@ public void simpleCopyWithWildcard() {
     @Test
     public void appendWithMultipleWildcards() {
         MetafixTestHelpers.assertFix(streamReceiver, Arrays.asList(
+                "set_array('stringimals[]')",
                 "copy_field('?ni??l', 'stringimals[].$append')"
             ),
             i -> {
@@ -572,6 +574,7 @@ public void appendWithMultipleWildcards() {
     @Test
     public void appendWithAsteriksWildcard() {
         MetafixTestHelpers.assertFix(streamReceiver, Arrays.asList(
+                "set_array('stringimals[]')",
                 "copy_field('*al', 'stringimals[].$append')"
             ),
             i -> {
@@ -601,6 +604,7 @@ public void appendWithAsteriksWildcard() {
     @Test
     public void appendWithBracketWildcard() {
         MetafixTestHelpers.assertFix(streamReceiver, Arrays.asList(
+                "set_array('stringimals[]')",
                 "copy_field('[ac]nimal', 'stringimals[].$append')"
             ),
             i -> {
@@ -630,6 +634,7 @@ public void appendWithBracketWildcard() {
     // See https://github.com/metafacture/metafacture-fix/issues/89
     public void appendWithAsteriksWildcardAtTheEnd() {
         MetafixTestHelpers.assertFix(streamReceiver, Arrays.asList(
+                "set_array('stringimals[]')",
                 "copy_field('ani*', 'stringimals[].$append')"
             ),
             i -> {