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<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="utf-8">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, shrink-to-fit=no">
<!-- Primary Meta Tags -->
<title>Machine Learning CO2 Impact Calculator</title>
<meta name="title" content="Machine Learning CO2 Impact Calculator">
<meta name="description"
content="Machine Learning has in impact on our climate. Here's how to estimate your GPU's carbon emissions">
<!-- Open Graph / Facebook -->
<meta property="og:type" content="website">
<meta property="og:url" content="https://mlco2.github.io/impact">
<meta property="og:title" content="Machine Learning CO2 Impact Calculator">
<meta property="og:description"
content="Machine Learning has in impact on our climate. Here's how to estimate your GPU's carbon emissions">
<meta property="og:image" content="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mlco2/impact/master/img/thumbnail.png">
<!-- Twitter -->
<meta property="twitter:card" content="summary_large_image">
<meta property="twitter:url" content="https://mlco2.github.io/impact">
<meta property="twitter:title" content="Machine Learning CO2 Impact Calculator">
<meta property="twitter:description"
content="Machine Learning has in impact on our climate. Here's how to estimate your GPU's carbon emissions">
<meta property="twitter:image" content="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mlco2/impact/master/img/thumbnail.png">
<title>ML CO2 Impact</title>
<!-- Custom styles for this template -->
<link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="180x180"
href="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mlco2/impact/master/img/apple-touch-icon.png">
<link rel="icon" type="image/png" sizes="48x48"
href="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mlco2/impact/master/img/favicon.ico">
<link rel="icon" type="image/png" sizes="32x32"
href="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mlco2/impact/master/img/favicon-32x32.png">
<link rel="icon" type="image/png" sizes="16x16"
href="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mlco2/impact/master/img/favicon-16x16.png">
<link rel="manifest" href="/site.webmanifest">
</head>
<body id="page-top">
<span id="home" style="display: hidden"></span>
<!-- Navigation -->
<nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light fixed-top" id="mainNav">
<div class="container">
<a class="navbar-brand js-scroll-trigger" href="#home">ML CO2 Impact</a>
<button type="button" class="navbar-toggler navbar-toggler-right" data-toggle="collapse"
data-target="#navbarResponsive" aria-controls="navbarResponsive" aria-expanded="false"
aria-label="Toggle navigation">
Menu
<i class="fas fa-bars"></i>
</button>
<div class="collapse navbar-collapse" id="navbarResponsive">
<ul class="navbar-nav ml-auto">
<li class="nav-item">
<a id="compute-nav-link" class="nav-link js-scroll-trigger" href="#compute">Compute</a>
</li>
<li class="nav-item">
<a id="publish-nav-link" class="nav-link js-scroll-trigger" href="#publish">Publish</a>
</li>
<li class="nav-item">
<a class="nav-link js-scroll-trigger" href="#learn">Learn</a>
</li>
<li class="nav-item">
<a class="nav-link js-scroll-trigger" href="#act">Act</a>
</li>
<li class="nav-item">
<a class="nav-link js-scroll-trigger" href="#about">About</a>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
</nav>
<!-- Home Section -->
<header class="home-section">
<div id="home-container" class="container d-flex h-100 align-items-center">
<div class="mx-auto text-center">
<h1 class="mx-auto text-uppercase mb">ML CO<sub>2</sub> Impact</h1>
<h2 class="mx-auto mt"> Machine Learning has a carbon footprint. <br><br>We've made a tool to help you
estimate yours:
</h2>
<div class="row todo-row mt">
<div class="col-1 todo-item">
1
</div>
<div class="col-9 col-sm-6">
<p>Compute your GPU's carbon emissions</p>
</div>
</div>
<br>
<div class="row todo-row">
<div class="col-1 todo-item">
2
</div>
<div class="col-9 col-sm-6">
<p>Push for more transparency in our field by including the results in your publication (research
paper, blog post etc.)</p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="row todo-row">
<div class="col-1 todo-item">
3
</div>
<div class="col-9 col-sm-6">
<p>Install <strong><a href="https://github.com/mlco2/codecarbon" target="_blank"
rel="noopener noreferrer">codecarbon</a></strong> to integrate carbon estimations in
your Python
workfow.
</p>
</div>
</div>
<a href="#compute" class="btn-primary btn js-scroll-trigger">Compute your ML carbon impact</a>
</div>
</div>
</header>
<!-- Compute Section -->
<section id="compute" class="compute-section text-center">
<div id="compute-loader">
<div class="spinner-border text-light" style="width: 6rem; height: 6rem;" role="status">
</div>
<div style="margin-top: 3rem" class="text-white-80">Loading Data</div>
</div>
<div id="compute-container" class="container" style="display:none">
<div class="row">
<div class="col-lg-10 mx-auto">
<h2 class="text-white mb-4 section-title">Machine Learning Emissions Calculator</h2>
<p class="text-white-80">Choose your hardware, runtime and cloud provider to estimate the carbon impact
of your
research.</p>
<p class="text-white-80">This calculator will give you 2 numbers: the <strong> raw
</strong> carbon emissions produced and the approximate <strong> offset </strong>
carbon emissions. The latter number depends on the grid used by the cloud provider and we are open
to update our estimates if
anything looks inaccurate or outdated.</p>
<p class="text-white-80"> Also, keep in mind that the estimate provided below <strong> does not </strong> take datacenter PUE
(Power Usage Effectiveness) into account. To do so, you need to find your datacenter's PUE (by asking your computer provider or
consulting their documentation) and multiply the quantity of carbon emitted provided below by that number. </p>
<p>
<small>
<em style="color: grey">
Missing a Hardware or a region? Open an issue or a PR on <a
href="https://github.com/mlco2/impact" target="_blank"
rel="noopener noreferrer">Github</a>
</em>
</small>
</p>
</div>
</div>
<form id="compute-form" novalidate>
<div class="form-row" id="compute-selects-row">
<div class="form-group col-md-4 col-lg-3 col-xl-2">
<label for="compute-gpu">Hardware type</label>
<select class="form-control compute-input" id="compute-gpu">
</select>
</div>
<div class="form-group col-md-4 col-lg-2 col-xl-2">
<label for="compute-hours">Hours Used</label>
<input class="form-control compute-input" id="compute-hours" type="number" step="0.5" value="100" />
</div>
<div class="form-group col-md-4 col-lg-3 col-xl-2">
<label for="compute-provider">Provider</label>
<select class="form-control compute-input" id="compute-provider">
</select>
</div>
<div class="form-group col-md-4 col-lg-3 col-xl-2" id="compute-region-div">
<label for="compute-region">Region of Compute</label>
<select class="form-control compute-input" id="compute-region">
</select>
</div>
<div class="custom-hidable form-group col-md-4 col-lg-4 col-xl-3" style="display:none"
id="compute-custom-impact-div">
<label for="compute-custom-impact">
Carbon Efficiency (<u>k</u>g/<u>k</u>Wh)
<!-- Button trigger modal -->
<button type="button" class="modalHelp" id="modalImpactHelp" data-toggle="modal"
data-target="#impactModal">
?
</button>
</label>
<input class="form-control compute-input" id="compute-custom-impact" type="number" step="0.5"
value="0.432">
</input>
</div>
<div class="custom-hidable form-group col-md-4 col-lg-4 col-xl-3" style="display:none"
id="compute-custom-impact-div">
<label for="compute-custom-offset">
Offset bought (<u>%</u>)
<!-- Button trigger modal -->
<button type="button" class="modalHelp" id="modalOffsetHelp" data-toggle="modal"
data-target="#offsetModal">
?
</button>
</label>
<input class="form-control compute-input" id="compute-custom-offset" type="number" step="0.001"
value="0">
</input>
</div>
</div>
<div class="form-row">
<div class="form-group col-md-12">
<button type="submit" id="compute-submit" class="btn btn-primary">Compute</button>
</div>
</div>
<!-- Modal -->
<div class="modal fade" id="impactModal" tabindex="-1" role="dialog" aria-labelledby="impactModalLabel"
aria-hidden="true">
<div class="modal-dialog modal-dialog-centered" role="document">
<div class="modal-content">
<!-- <div class="modal-header">
<h5 class="modal-title" id="impactModalLabel">Modal title</h5>
</div> -->
<div class="modal-body">
<button type="button" class="close" data-dismiss="modal" aria-label="Close">
<span aria-hidden="true">×</span>
</button>
<p>How carbon-intensive is the grid your infrastructure is plugged to, in <strong><u>k</u>g
CO<sub>2</sub>eq/kWh</strong></p>
<p>Default value is the OECD's 2014 yearly average</p>
<p>Sources we have used include:</p>
<ul>
<li><a href="https://www.electricitymap.org/" target="_blank"
rel="noopener noreferrer">electricitymap.org</a></li>
<li><a href="https://www.carbonfootprint.com/docs/2018_8_electricity_factors_august_2018_-_online_sources.pdf"
target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Carbon Footprint's country specific
electricity factors</a></li>
<li><a href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1361920916307933 "
target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Electricity carbon intensity in
European Member States</a></li>
<li><a href="https://www.epa.gov/energy/egrid-summary-tables" target="_blank"
rel="noopener noreferrer">USA's EPA's eGRID</a></li>
<li>...</li>
<li><a href="https://github.com/mlco2/impact/tree/master/data" target="_blank"
rel="noopener noreferrer">More sources in our data's "source" column</a></li>
</ul>
</div>
<!-- <div class="modal-footer">
<button type="button" class="btn btn-secondary" data-dismiss="modal">Close</button>
<button type="button" class="btn btn-primary">Save changes</button>
</div> -->
</div>
</div>
</div>
<!-- Modal -->
<div class="modal fade" id="offsetModal" tabindex="-1" role="dialog" aria-labelledby="impactModalLabel"
aria-hidden="true">
<div class="modal-dialog modal-dialog-centered" role="document">
<div class="modal-content">
<!-- <div class="modal-header">
<h5 class="modal-title" id="impactModalLabel">Modal title</h5>
</div> -->
<div class="modal-body">
<button type="button" class="close" data-dismiss="modal" aria-label="Close">
<span aria-hidden="true">×</span>
</button>
<p>How much of your infrastructure's energy consumption do you offset, <strong>in %</strong>
</p>
<p>Default value is 0</p>
</div>
<!-- <div class="modal-footer">
<button type="button" class="btn btn-secondary" data-dismiss="modal">Close</button>
<button type="button" class="btn btn-primary">Save changes</button>
</div> -->
</div>
</div>
</div>
</form>
<div class="spinner-border text-light" style="width: 3rem; height: 3rem;display:none;" role="status">
<span class="sr-only">Loading...</span>
</div>
<div class="row" id="result-row">
<div style="display:none;" id="result-card" class="col-md-6 col-8">
<!-- main card -->
<div class="row">
<a href="#publish" class="btn btn-secondary text-uppercase js-scroll-trigger"
id="results-more">Publish this!</a>
<div class="col-md-6 result-box" id="result-emitted">
<div id="compute-carbon-emitted-title" class="result-title small text-uppercase text-black-50">
Carbon Emitted </div>
<div id="emitted-value" class="result-value"></div>
</div>
<div class="col-md-6 result-box" id="result-offset">
<div id="compute-carbon-offset-title" class="result-title small text-uppercase text-black-50">
Carbon Already Offset by Provider
</div>
<div id="offset-value" class="result-value"></div>
</div>
<div class="col-md-12 small text-black-50" id="result-unit"> kg CO<sub>2</sub> eq. <a href="#co2eq"
class="js-scroll-trigger"><i class="fas fa-question-circle"></i></a></div>
</div>
<!-- details -->
<div id="result-details" class="details-hidden">
<div id="details-content" class="small text-black-50">
<div style="padding-top: 15px;">Power consumption x Time x Carbon Produced Based on the Local
Power Grid:
</div>
<div id="details-counts"></div>
<div id="details-separator"></div>
<div id="details-alternative"></div>
<div id="details-min-selected">
<div id="details-min-region"></div>
<div id="details-alternative-content">
Visit the <strong><a href="#act" class="js-scroll-trigger">Act</a></strong>
section to learn about what more you can do!
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div id="details-banner" title="Learn more about these numbers">
<a class="arrow-icon open" title="Learn more about these numbers">
<span class="left-bar"></span>
<span class="right-bar"></span>
</a>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="row" id="comparison-row" style="display: none;">
<div id="comparison-card">
<h3 class="pad"><span id="comparison-result-co2">0</span> kg of CO<sub>2</sub>eq. is equivalent to:</h3>
<div class="row" id="comparison-columns-row">
<div class="comparison-column col-xs-6 col-md-4">
<div class="row"
style="width: 100%; display: flex; justify-content: center; align-items: center;">
<div class="col-4">
<div class="comparison-result-item" id="comparison-result-driven">3.4</div>
</div>
<div class="col-8">
<h4> Km driven by an average ICE car
<small>
<sup>[1]</sup>
</small>
</h4>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<!-- <span class="separator"></span> -->
<div class="comparison-column col-xs-6 col-md-4"
style="border-left: 1px solid rgb(245, 82, 73); border-right: 1px solid rgb(245, 82, 73);">
<div class="row"
style="width: 100%; display: flex; justify-content: center; align-items: center;">
<div class="col-4">
<div class="comparison-result-item" id="comparison-result-coal">3.4</div>
</div>
<div class="col-8">
<h4> Kgs of coal burned
<small>
<sup>[2]</sup>
</small>
</h4>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<!-- <span class="separator"></span> -->
<div class="comparison-column col-xs-6 col-md-4">
<div class="row"
style="width: 100%; display: flex; justify-content: center; align-items: center;">
<div class="col-4">
<div class="comparison-result-item" id="comparison-result-forest">3.4</div>
</div>
<div class="col-8">
<h4> Tree seedlings sequesting carbon for 10 years
<small>
<sup>[3]</sup>
</small>
</h4>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div>
<a href="https://www.epa.gov/energy/greenhouse-gases-equivalencies-calculator-calculations-and-references"
target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Source: Greenhouse Gases Equivalencies Calculator -
Calculations and References</a> :
<a href="https://www.epa.gov/energy/greenhouse-gases-equivalencies-calculator-calculations-and-references#miles"
target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener"> [1] </a>
<a href="https://www.epa.gov/energy/greenhouse-gases-equivalencies-calculator-calculations-and-references#lbscoal"
target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener"> [2] </a>
<a href="https://www.epa.gov/energy/greenhouse-gases-equivalencies-calculator-calculations-and-references#seedlings"
target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener"> [3] </a>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</section>
<!-- Publish Section -->
<section id="publish" class="publish-section">
<div class="container">
<div id="publish-title" class="row">
<div class="col-10 mx-auto">
<h2 class="text-white mb-4 section-title">Publish</h2>
<p class="text-white-80">We believe that an important step towards reducing carbon emissions is the
generalization of emissions reporting in papers, blog posts and publications in general.
</p>
<p class="text-white-80">To that end, here is a LateX template you can use in your publication to report
the emissions you have calculated with the Calculator:
</p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="row template-row">
<div class="card col-12 col-sm-10" id="social-card-div">
<h3 class="pad">Generated Latex Template</h3>
<div class="pad card-body">
<pre>
<code class="language-latex" id="template-code">
\usepackage{hyperref}
\subsection{CO2 Emission Related to Experiments}
Experiments were conducted using <span id="template-provider">{cloud provider}</span><span id="template-region"> in region {region of compute}</span>, which has a carbon efficiency of <span id="template-region-efficiency"></span> kgCO$_2$eq/kWh. A cumulative of <span id="template-hours">{hours used}</span> hours of computation was performed on hardware of type <span id="template-gpu">{hardware type}</span> (TDP of <span id="template-gpu-power"></span>W).
Total emissions are estimated to be <span id="template-emissions">{emission}</span> kgCO$_2$eq of which <span id="template-percentage-offset">{percentage offset}</span> percents were directly offset<span id="template-text-offset"> by the cloud provider</span>.
<!-- , corresponding to driving a regular car for {km of driving} km. -->
%Uncomment if you bought additional offsets:
%XX kg CO2eq were manually offset through \href{link}{Offset Provider}.
Estimations were conducted using the \href{https://mlco2.github.io/impact#compute}{MachineLearning Impact calculator} presented in \cite{lacoste2019quantifying}.
@article{lacoste2019quantifying,
title={Quantifying the Carbon Emissions of Machine Learning},
author={Lacoste, Alexandre and Luccioni, Alexandra and Schmidt, Victor and Dandres, Thomas},
journal={arXiv preprint arXiv:1910.09700},
year={2019}
}
</code>
</pre>
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<!-- Learn Section -->
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<div id="learn-title" class="row">
<div class="col-lg-8 mx-auto">
<h2 class="text-white mb-4 section-title">Learn</h2>
<p class="text-white-80">This section will present some of the important concepts to better understand
the carbon footprint of your ML research, including what providers do to help you offset it
</p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="row justify-content-center no-gutters mb-lg-0">
<div class="col-lg-12">
<div class="text-center h-100 project">
<div class="d-flex h-100">
<div class="learn-text w-100 my-auto text-center text-lg-left">
<div class="details-summary">
<h3 class="text-white" class="summary-header"> CO<sub>2</sub></h3>
</div>
<div class="summary-content">
<p class="mb-0 text-white-80">At the center of the climate crisis is a commonplace
but
very important concept: that of carbon dioxide (CO<sub>2</sub>), low amounts of
which occur naturally in the Earth's atmosphere, but its concentration has been
rapidly increasing due to human activity. This increase is dangerous because of
CO<sub>2</sub>'effect as a greenhouse gas, meaning that it absorbs and emits
infrared
radiation in the wavelength range emitted by the Earth, which contributes to the
global warming of the planet ( <a
href="https://www.ipcc.ch/site/assets/uploads/2018/02/WGIIAR5-AnnexII_FINAL.pdf"
target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer"> IPCC Glossary </a>).
</p>
</div>
<hr class="d-none d-lg-block mb-0 ml-0">
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="row justify-content-center no-gutters">
<div class="col-lg-12 order-lg-first">
<div class="text-center h-100 project">
<div class="d-flex h-100">
<div class="learn-text w-100 my-auto text-center text-lg-right">
<div class="details-summary">
<h3 class="text-white" class="summary-header"> CO<sub>2</sub> eq.</h3>
</div>
<div class="summary-content">
<p class="mb-0 text-white-80">Since other gases such as methane, nitrous oxide or
even
water vapor also have this warming effect, a standardized measure for describing
how
much warming a given amount of gas will have is often provided in
CO<sub>2</sub>-equivalents (CO<sub>2</sub>eq), for simplification purposes. For
instance, the carbon intensity of transportation is measured in grams of
CO<sub>2</sub>-equivalent per person-km, whereas the carbon intensity of energy is
measured
in
grams of CO<sub>2</sub>-equivalent per kilowatt hour.
</p>
</div>
<hr class="d-none d-lg-block mb-0 mr-0">
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="row justify-content-center no-gutters mb-lg-0">
<div class="col-lg-12">
<div class="text-center h-100 project">
<div class="d-flex h-100">
<div class="learn-text w-100 my-auto text-center text-lg-left">
<div class="details-summary">
<h3 class="text-white" class="summary-header">Renewable vs. Nonrenewable Energy
</h3>
</div>
<div class="summary-content">
<p class="mb-0 text-white-80"> A key distinction to be made is that between
renewable
and nonrenewable energy sources. Renewable energy is collected from sources
which
are naturally replenished on a human timescale: this includes wind, sunlight,
tides,
geothermal heat, etc. In contrast, nonrenewable energy sources such as coal and
petrol are not naturally replenished after their usage, and can take millions of
years to be formed again. Finally, not all renewable energy sources are
carbon-free,
since the burning of biomass (such as plants or algae) still produces
CO<sub>2</sub>-equivalents.
</p>
</div>
<hr class="d-none d-lg-block mb-0 ml-0">
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="row justify-content-center no-gutters">
<div class="col-lg-12 order-lg-first">
<div class="text-center h-100 project">
<div class="d-flex h-100">
<div class="learn-text w-100 my-auto text-center text-lg-right">
<div class="details-summary">
<h3 class="text-white" class="summary-header">Carbon Offsetting</h3>
</div>
<div class="summary-content">
<p class="mb-0 text-white-80"> Carbon offsetting is a reduction in emissions of
CO<sub>2</sub>-equivalents that is made in order to compensate for the emissions
made by another actor. The money paid via carbon offsetting is invested towards
different types of projects, including renewable energy or energy efficiency,
carbon
sequestration, methane abatement, among others. These projects are run by
private
companies, more often than not in a different place than where the offsetting is
carried out. A large part of carbon offsetting goes towards funding renewable
energy
projects such as building wind or solar farms, hydroelectric dams, and
extracting
biofuel, in the hopes of reducing the cost of renewable production.
</p>
</div>
<hr class="d-none d-lg-block mb-0 mr-0">
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="row justify-content-center no-gutters mb-lg-0">
<div class="col-lg-12">
<div class="text-center h-100 project">
<div class="d-flex h-100">
<div class="learn-text w-100 my-auto text-center text-lg-left">
<div class="details-summary">
<h3 class="text-white" class="summary-header">Renewable Energy Credits</h3>
</div>
<div class="summary-content">
<p class="mb-0 text-white-80"> An indirect form of offsetting that is often used by
large companies is the purchasing of Renewable Energy Credits (RECs), which
involves
directly purchasing quantities of energy produced by renewable sources. This is
considered to be an indirect of offsetting because in order to convert RECs into
offsets, the energy purchased is translated into carbon reductions under the
assumption that the clean energy is displacing an equivalent amount of
electricity
produced by non-renewable methods. Other commonly used forms of carbon
offsetting
include reforestation, sequestration, replacement of legacy equipment such as
coal-burning stoves by more modern ones, etc.
</p>
</div>
<hr class="d-none d-lg-block mb-0 ml-0">
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="row justify-content-center no-gutters">
<div class="col-lg-12 order-lg-first">
<div class="text-center h-100 project">
<div class="d-flex h-100">
<div class="learn-text w-100 my-auto text-center text-lg-right">
<div class="details-summary">
<h3 class="text-white" class="summary-header">Carbon Neutral</h3>
</div>
<div class="summary-content">
<p class="mb-0 text-white-80"> Carbon neutral is a term used to indicate a net
zero
carbon footprint of an individual or organization. While a small part of
carbon-neutral entities rely entirely on renewable energy that is zero-carbon,
the
large majority of entities balance their emissions of CO<sub>2</sub>-equivalents,
using
approaches such as carbon offsetting or the purchase of RECs. Many major
technology
companies such as Google and Microsoft are carbon-neutral, matching 100% of
their
electricity use with renewable energy purposes (Google, 2018; Microsoft, 2018).
This
does not mean, however, that their operations do not produce
CO<sub>2</sub>-equivalents,
since
this is dependent on the energy sources of the locations in which their
infrastructure is located.
</p>
</div>
<hr class="d-none d-lg-block mb-0 mr-0">
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="row justify-content-center no-gutters mb-lg-0">
<div class="col-lg-12">
<div class="text-center h-100 project">
<div class="d-flex h-100">
<div class="learn-text w-100 my-auto text-center text-lg-left">
<div class="details-summary" id="details-featured-maps">
<h3 class="text-white" class="summary-header">Featured Maps</h3>
</div>
<div class="summary-content">
<p class="mb-0 text-white-80">
Here are a few maps from Our World In Data which illustrate the complexity of carbon
emissions mitigations. For a complete analysis, visit <a
href="https://ourworldindata.org/co2-and-other-greenhouse-gas-emissions"
target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">their webstie</a>
</p>
<br>
<iframe class="lozad"
data-src="https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/co-emissions-per-capita"
title="ourworldindata: co2 emissions per capita"
style="width: 100%; height: 650px; border: 0px none;"></iframe>
<br>
<br>
<iframe class="lozad"
data-src="https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/carbon-dioxide-co2-emissions-by-sector-or-source"
title="ourworldindata: co2 emissions by sector or source"
style="width: 100%; height: 650px; border: 0px none;"></iframe>
<br>
<br>
<img class="lozad" style="width: 100%;"
data-src="https://ourworldindata.org/uploads/2018/04/Greenhouse-gas-emission-scenarios-01.png"
alt="greenhouse gas scenarios">
</div>
<hr class="d-none d-lg-block mb-0 ml-0">
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="row justify-content-center no-gutters">
<div class="col-lg-12 order-lg-first">
<div class="text-center h-100 project">
<div class="d-flex h-100">
<div class="learn-text w-100 my-auto text-center text-lg-right">
<div class="details-summary">
<h3 class="text-white" class="summary-header">Carbon Efficiency</h3>
</div>
<div class="summary-content">
<p class="mb-0 text-white-80">
Carbon efficiency: the amount of CO2 emitted per unit energy (grams of CO2 emitted
per kilowatt-hour). This is largely related to a countrys energy mix. An economy
powered by coal-fired energy will produce higher CO2 emissions per unit of energy
versus an energy system with a high percentage of renewable energy. As economies
increase their share of renewable capacity, efficiency improves and the amount of
CO2 emitted per unit energy falls.
</p>
</div>
<hr class="d-none d-lg-block mb-0 mr-0">
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</section>
<!-- Act Section -->
<section id="act" class="act-section">
<div class="container">
<div class="row">
<div class="col-md-10 col-lg-8 mx-auto text-center">
<i class="far fa-compass fa-2x mb-2 text-white"></i>
<h2 class="text-white mb-4 section-title">There are things you can do</h2>
<p class="text-white-80">With great computing power comes great responsibility</p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="container" id="learn-card-container">
<div class="row">
<div class="card-col col-md-4 col-lg-3">
<div class="card card-item h-100">
<div class="card-body text-center">
<i class="fas fa-atlas text-primary mb-2"></i>
<h6 class="text-uppercase m-0">Choose your cloud provider wisely</h6>
<hr class="my-4">
<div class="small text-black-50">They don't all buy offsets, RECs or invest equally in clean
energy sources. Read their sustainability commitments and make an informed choice.</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="card-col col-md-4 col-lg-3">
<div class="card card-item h-100">
<div class="card-body text-center">
<i class="fas map-marked-alt text-primary mb-2"></i>
<h6 class="text-uppercase m-0">Choose your region</h6>
<hr class="my-4">
<div class="small text-black-50">
Different regions are powered by different combinations of renewable and non-renewable
energy. If regulations and
legal aspects allow, select a more sustainable region.
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="card-col col-md-4 col-lg-3">
<div class="card card-item h-100">
<div class="card-body text-center">
<i class="fas fa-balance-scale-left text-primary mb-2"></i>
<h6 class="text-uppercase m-0">Buy Carbon Offsets</h6>
<hr class="my-4">
<div class="small text-black-50">Many platforms provide easy ways to offset
your emissions. You can have a big impact by proposing offsetting within your organization.
It is
also worth doing in your personal life too, for instance by offsetting flights. </div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="card-col col-md-4 col-lg-3">
<div class="card card-item h-100">
<div class="card-body text-center">
<i class="fas fa-search text-primary mb-2"></i>
<h6 class="text-uppercase m-0">Don't Do Grid Search</h6>
<hr class="my-4">
<div class="small text-black-50">Hyperparameter search is a great source of ML-related carbon
emissions. If there is no literature to help you establish good values and you need to look
for
relevant ones, at least do it randomly, not via grid search.</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="card-col col-md-4 col-lg-3">
<div class="card card-item h-100">
<div class="card-body text-center">
<i class="fas fa-tree text-primary mb-2"></i>
<h6 class="text-uppercase m-0">Choose Clean Energy</h6>
<hr class="my-4">
<div class="small text-black-50">Your organization may have a choice in their power supply. You
may too. Choosing a cleaner and more sustainable source of energy will go far in decreasing
your
carbon impact</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="card-col col-md-4 col-lg-3">
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