diff --git a/internal/events/service_stream.go b/internal/events/service_stream.go
index f556bd9..dcda893 100644
--- a/internal/events/service_stream.go
+++ b/internal/events/service_stream.go
@@ -33,7 +33,7 @@ import (
 
 type streamService struct {
 	transformConfig *models.TransformConfig
-	topic           *pubsub.Topic
+	topic           stream.Publisher
 }
 
 func newStreamService(logger log.Logger, transformConfig *models.TransformConfig, cfg *service.EventsStream) (*streamService, error) {
@@ -70,7 +70,7 @@ func (ss *streamService) Send(evt models.Event) error {
 		Body: bs,
 	})
 	if err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("error emitting %s: %v", evt.Type, err)
+		return fmt.Errorf("error emitting %s: %w", evt.Type, err)
 	}
 	return nil
 }
diff --git a/internal/incoming/stream/publisher.go b/internal/incoming/stream/publisher.go
index af7fbc1..53ffba4 100644
--- a/internal/incoming/stream/publisher.go
+++ b/internal/incoming/stream/publisher.go
@@ -18,6 +18,7 @@ import (
 	"fmt"
 	"net/url"
 
+	"github.com/Shopify/sarama"
 	"github.com/moov-io/achgateway/internal/kafka"
 	"github.com/moov-io/achgateway/internal/service"
 	"github.com/moov-io/base/log"
@@ -26,7 +27,12 @@ import (
 	_ "gocloud.dev/pubsub/mempubsub"
 )
 
-func Topic(logger log.Logger, cfg *service.Config) (*pubsub.Topic, error) {
+type Publisher interface {
+	Send(ctx context.Context, m *pubsub.Message) error
+	Shutdown(ctx context.Context) error
+}
+
+func Topic(logger log.Logger, cfg *service.Config) (Publisher, error) {
 	if cfg.Inbound.InMem != nil {
 		// Strip away any query params. They're only supported by subscriptions
 		u, err := url.Parse(cfg.Inbound.InMem.URL)
@@ -38,7 +44,35 @@ func Topic(logger log.Logger, cfg *service.Config) (*pubsub.Topic, error) {
 		return pubsub.OpenTopic(context.Background(), addr)
 	}
 	if cfg.Inbound.Kafka != nil {
-		return kafka.OpenTopic(logger, cfg.Inbound.Kafka)
+		topic, err := kafka.OpenTopic(logger, cfg.Inbound.Kafka)
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, fmt.Errorf("creating topic: %w", err)
+		}
+		return &kafkaProducer{topic: topic}, nil
 	}
 	return nil, nil
 }
+
+type kafkaProducer struct {
+	topic *pubsub.Topic
+}
+
+func (kp *kafkaProducer) Send(ctx context.Context, m *pubsub.Message) error {
+	err := kp.topic.Send(ctx, m)
+	if err != nil {
+		var producerError sarama.ProducerError
+		if kp.topic.ErrorAs(err, &producerError) {
+			return fmt.Errorf("producer error sending message: %w", producerError)
+		}
+		var producerErrors sarama.ProducerErrors
+		if kp.topic.ErrorAs(err, &producerErrors) {
+			return fmt.Errorf("producer errors sending message: %w", producerErrors)
+		}
+		return fmt.Errorf("error sending message: %w", err)
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (kp *kafkaProducer) Shutdown(ctx context.Context) error {
+	return kp.topic.Shutdown(ctx)
+}
diff --git a/internal/incoming/stream/publisher_test.go b/internal/incoming/stream/publisher_test.go
index 094ee82..90b1a2d 100644
--- a/internal/incoming/stream/publisher_test.go
+++ b/internal/incoming/stream/publisher_test.go
@@ -44,7 +44,7 @@ func TestStream(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 }
 
-func send(ctx context.Context, t *pubsub.Topic, body string) *pubsub.Message {
+func send(ctx context.Context, t Publisher, body string) *pubsub.Message {
 	msg := &pubsub.Message{
 		Body:     []byte(body),
 		Metadata: make(map[string]string),
diff --git a/internal/incoming/stream/streamtest/streamtest.go b/internal/incoming/stream/streamtest/streamtest.go
index c2a10c3..44ff510 100644
--- a/internal/incoming/stream/streamtest/streamtest.go
+++ b/internal/incoming/stream/streamtest/streamtest.go
@@ -32,7 +32,7 @@ import (
 	"gocloud.dev/pubsub"
 )
 
-func InmemStream(t *testing.T) (*pubsub.Topic, stream.Subscription) {
+func InmemStream(t *testing.T) (stream.Publisher, stream.Subscription) {
 	t.Helper()
 
 	n, _ := rand.Int(rand.Reader, big.NewInt(10000))
diff --git a/internal/incoming/stream/subscription.go b/internal/incoming/stream/subscription.go
index 499c57b..6aac559 100644
--- a/internal/incoming/stream/subscription.go
+++ b/internal/incoming/stream/subscription.go
@@ -19,7 +19,9 @@ package stream
 
 import (
 	"context"
+	"fmt"
 
+	"github.com/Shopify/sarama"
 	"github.com/moov-io/achgateway/internal/kafka"
 	"github.com/moov-io/achgateway/internal/service"
 	"github.com/moov-io/base/log"
@@ -47,7 +49,31 @@ func OpenSubscription(logger log.Logger, cfg *service.Config) (Subscription, err
 			return nil, err
 		}
 		logger.Info().Logf("setup %T kafka subscription", sub)
-		return sub, nil
+		return &kafkaSubscription{sub: sub}, nil
 	}
 	return nil, nil
 }
+
+type kafkaSubscription struct {
+	sub *pubsub.Subscription
+}
+
+func (ks *kafkaSubscription) Receive(ctx context.Context) (*pubsub.Message, error) {
+	msg, err := ks.sub.Receive(ctx)
+	if err != nil {
+		var consumerError sarama.ConsumerError
+		if ks.sub.ErrorAs(err, &consumerError) {
+			return msg, fmt.Errorf("consumer error receiving message: %w", consumerError)
+		}
+		var consumerErrors sarama.ConsumerErrors
+		if ks.sub.ErrorAs(err, &consumerErrors) {
+			return msg, fmt.Errorf("consumer errors receiving message: %w", consumerErrors)
+		}
+		return msg, fmt.Errorf("error receiving message: %w", err)
+	}
+	return msg, nil
+}
+
+func (ks *kafkaSubscription) Shutdown(ctx context.Context) error {
+	return ks.sub.Shutdown(ctx)
+}
diff --git a/internal/incoming/web/api_files.go b/internal/incoming/web/api_files.go
index 3b35c7e..a93620e 100644
--- a/internal/incoming/web/api_files.go
+++ b/internal/incoming/web/api_files.go
@@ -26,6 +26,7 @@ import (
 
 	"github.com/moov-io/ach"
 	"github.com/moov-io/achgateway/internal/incoming"
+	"github.com/moov-io/achgateway/internal/incoming/stream"
 	"github.com/moov-io/achgateway/internal/service"
 	"github.com/moov-io/achgateway/pkg/compliance"
 	"github.com/moov-io/achgateway/pkg/models"
@@ -35,7 +36,7 @@ import (
 	"gocloud.dev/pubsub"
 )
 
-func NewFilesController(logger log.Logger, cfg service.HTTPConfig, pub *pubsub.Topic) *FilesController {
+func NewFilesController(logger log.Logger, cfg service.HTTPConfig, pub stream.Publisher) *FilesController {
 	return &FilesController{
 		logger:    logger,
 		cfg:       cfg,
@@ -46,7 +47,7 @@ func NewFilesController(logger log.Logger, cfg service.HTTPConfig, pub *pubsub.T
 type FilesController struct {
 	logger    log.Logger
 	cfg       service.HTTPConfig
-	publisher *pubsub.Topic
+	publisher stream.Publisher
 }
 
 func (c *FilesController) AppendRoutes(router *mux.Router) *mux.Router {