bundle.js

(function(){function r(e,n,t){function o(i,f){if(!n[i]){if(!e[i]){var c="function"==typeof require&&require;if(!f&&c)return c(i,!0);if(u)return u(i,!0);var a=new Error("Cannot find module '"+i+"'");throw a.code="MODULE_NOT_FOUND",a}var p=n[i]={exports:{}};e[i][0].call(p.exports,function(r){var n=e[i][1][r];return o(n||r)},p,p.exports,r,e,n,t)}return n[i].exports}for(var u="function"==typeof require&&require,i=0;i<t.length;i++)o(t[i]);return o}return r})()({1:[function(require,module,exports){
const csjs = require('csjs-inject')
const inputarray = require('../')

var colors = {
  bodyFont: `'Nunito', sans-serif`,
  transparent: 'transparent',
  inputFieldFontSize: '1.4rem',
  inputFieldColor: '#ffffff',
  inputFieldPlaceholderColor: '#8d8d8d',
  inputFieldBackgroundColor: '#2c323c',
  inputFieldBorder: 'none',
  inputFieldBorderRadius: '2px',
  integerSliderBackgroundColor: '#DCD7D6',
  integerSliderFocusBackgroundColor: '#ebebeb',
  integerThumbBackgroundColor: '#00A2F9',
  integerValueFontSize: '1.4rem',
  integerValueTextAlign: 'center',
  integerValueColor: '#ffffff',
  integerValuePlaceholderColor: '#8d8d8d',
  integerValueBackgroundColor: '#2c323c',
  integerValueBorderColor: '#2c323c',
  integerValueBorderRadius: '2px',
  integerValueTextAlign: 'center',
}

document.body.innerHTML = `<style>
@import url('https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Nunito&display=swap');
html {
  font-size: 62.5%;
}
body {
  font-size: 1.6rem;
  background-color: #000;
  color: #d9d9d9;
}
.arrayContainer {
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
  align-items: center;
  margin-top: 10px;
}
.inputField::placeholder {
  color: ${colors.inputFieldPlaceholderColor};
}
.integerValue {
  width: calc(100% - 24px);
  font-family: 'Nunito', sans-serif;
  font-size: ${colors.integerValueFontSize};
  color: ${colors.integerValueColor};
  background-color: ${colors.integerValueBackgroundColor};
  border-radius: ${colors.integerValueBorderRadius};
  border: 1px solid ${colors.integerValueBorderColor};
  text-align: ${colors.integerValueTextAlign};
  padding: 6px 12px;
  outline: none;
  transition: border .6s ease-in-out;
}
.integerValue::placeholder {
  color: ${colors.integerValuePlaceholderColor};
}
.integerSlider {
  -webkit-appearance: none;
  background-color: ${colors.transparent};
  width: 100%;
  max-width: 100%;  
  border-radius: 3px;
  grid-row: 2;
}
/* track */
.integerSlider::-webkit-slider-runnable-track {
  width: 100%;
  height: 6px;
  background-color: ${colors.integerSliderBackgroundColor};
  border-radius: 3px;
  grid-row: 2;
}
.integerSlider:active::-webkit-slider-runnable-track {
  background-color: ${colors.integerSliderFocusBackgroundColor};
}
.integerSlider::-moz-range-track {
  width: 100%;
  height: 6px;
  background-color: ${colors.integerSliderBackgroundColor};
  border-radius: 3px;
  cursor: pointer;
}
input[type="range"]::-ms-track {
  width: 100%;
  height: 6px;
  cursor: pointer;
  background:  ${colors.transparent};
  border-color:  ${colors.transparent};
  color:  ${colors.transparent};
}
input[type="range"]::-ms-fill-lower {
  background: ${colors.integerSliderBackgroundColor};
}

input[type="range"]:focus::-ms-fill-lower {
  background: ${colors.integerSliderFocusBackgroundColor};
}

input[type="range"]::-ms-fill-upper {
  background: ${colors.integerSliderBackgroundColor};
}

input[type="range"]:focus::-ms-fill-upper {
  background: #ddd;
}
/* thumb */
.integerSlider::-webkit-slider-thumb {
  -webkit-appearance: none;
  width: 16px;
  height: 16px;
  background-color: ${colors.integerThumbBackgroundColor};
  border-radius: 50%;
  box-shadow: 0 0 10px rgba(0, 0, 0, .3);
  margin-top: -6px;
  cursor: pointer;
}
.integerSlider::-moz-range-thumb {
  width: 16px;
  height: 16px;
  background-color: ${colors.integerThumbBackgroundColor};
  border-radius: 50%;
  box-shadow: 0 0 10px rgba(0, 0, 0, .3);
  cursor: pointer;
}
.integerSlider::-ms-range-thumb {
  width: 16px;
  height: 16px;
  background-color: ${colors.integerThumbBackgroundColor};
  border-radius: 50%;
  box-shadow: 0 0 10px rgba(0, 0, 0, .3);
  margin-top: -2px;
  cursor: pointer;
}
.integerSlider:focus {
  outline: none;
}
.integerSlider::-ms-track {
  width: 100%;
  border-radius: 3px;
  cursor: pointer;
  background:  ${colors.transparent};
  border-color:  ${colors.transparent};
  color:  ${colors.transparent};
}
.integerField {
  position: relative;
  width: 100%;
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: 1fr;
  grid-template-rows: auto 40px;
  grid-column-gap: 5px;
  align-items: center;
  max-width: 300px;
}
.focus, .focus.invalidated {
  border: 1px solid #00A4DC;
}
.invalidated {
  border: 1px solid #FF2975;
}
</style>`

const classes = {
  arrayContainer: 'arrayContainer',
  integerValue: 'integerValue',
  integerSlider: 'integerSlider',
  integerField: 'integerField',
  focus: 'focus',
  invalidated: 'invalidated',
}

const log = document.createElement('pre')
const el = inputarray({ theme: { classes }, type: 'int5', cb: (err, e, val) => {
  if (err)  { 
    log.appendChild(document.createTextNode(`${err}\n`))
    e.classList.add(classes.invalidated)
  } else { 
    log.appendChild(document.createTextNode(`ok: ${val}\n`))
    e.classList.remove(classes.invalidated)
  }
}, focus, blur })
function focus(e) {
  if (e.target.classList.contains(classes.integerValue)) {
    e.target.classList.add(classes.focus)
  } else {
    e.target.nextSibling.classList.add(classes.focus)
  }
}
function blur(e) {
  if (e.target.classList.contains(classes.integerValue)) {
    e.target.classList.remove(classes.focus)
  } else {
    e.target.nextSibling.classList.remove(classes.focus)    
  }
}
document.body.appendChild(el)
document.body.appendChild(log)

},{"../":61,"csjs-inject":9}],2:[function(require,module,exports){
var trailingNewlineRegex = /\n[\s]+$/
var leadingNewlineRegex = /^\n[\s]+/
var trailingSpaceRegex = /[\s]+$/
var leadingSpaceRegex = /^[\s]+/
var multiSpaceRegex = /[\n\s]+/g

var TEXT_TAGS = [
  'a', 'abbr', 'b', 'bdi', 'bdo', 'br', 'cite', 'data', 'dfn', 'em', 'i',
  'kbd', 'mark', 'q', 'rp', 'rt', 'rtc', 'ruby', 's', 'amp', 'small', 'span',
  'strong', 'sub', 'sup', 'time', 'u', 'var', 'wbr'
]

var VERBATIM_TAGS = [
  'code', 'pre', 'textarea'
]

module.exports = function appendChild (el, childs) {
  if (!Array.isArray(childs)) return

  var nodeName = el.nodeName.toLowerCase()

  var hadText = false
  var value, leader

  for (var i = 0, len = childs.length; i < len; i++) {
    var node = childs[i]
    if (Array.isArray(node)) {
      appendChild(el, node)
      continue
    }

    if (typeof node === 'number' ||
      typeof node === 'boolean' ||
      typeof node === 'function' ||
      node instanceof Date ||
      node instanceof RegExp) {
      node = node.toString()
    }

    var lastChild = el.childNodes[el.childNodes.length - 1]

    // Iterate over text nodes
    if (typeof node === 'string') {
      hadText = true

      // If we already had text, append to the existing text
      if (lastChild && lastChild.nodeName === '#text') {
        lastChild.nodeValue += node

      // We didn't have a text node yet, create one
      } else {
        node = document.createTextNode(node)
        el.appendChild(node)
        lastChild = node
      }

      // If this is the last of the child nodes, make sure we close it out
      // right
      if (i === len - 1) {
        hadText = false
        // Trim the child text nodes if the current node isn't a
        // node where whitespace matters.
        if (TEXT_TAGS.indexOf(nodeName) === -1 &&
          VERBATIM_TAGS.indexOf(nodeName) === -1) {
          value = lastChild.nodeValue
            .replace(leadingNewlineRegex, '')
            .replace(trailingSpaceRegex, '')
            .replace(trailingNewlineRegex, '')
            .replace(multiSpaceRegex, ' ')
          if (value === '') {
            el.removeChild(lastChild)
          } else {
            lastChild.nodeValue = value
          }
        } else if (VERBATIM_TAGS.indexOf(nodeName) === -1) {
          // The very first node in the list should not have leading
          // whitespace. Sibling text nodes should have whitespace if there
          // was any.
          leader = i === 0 ? '' : ' '
          value = lastChild.nodeValue
            .replace(leadingNewlineRegex, leader)
            .replace(leadingSpaceRegex, ' ')
            .replace(trailingSpaceRegex, '')
            .replace(trailingNewlineRegex, '')
            .replace(multiSpaceRegex, ' ')
          lastChild.nodeValue = value
        }
      }

    // Iterate over DOM nodes
    } else if (node && node.nodeType) {
      // If the last node was a text node, make sure it is properly closed out
      if (hadText) {
        hadText = false

        // Trim the child text nodes if the current node isn't a
        // text node or a code node
        if (TEXT_TAGS.indexOf(nodeName) === -1 &&
          VERBATIM_TAGS.indexOf(nodeName) === -1) {
          value = lastChild.nodeValue
            .replace(leadingNewlineRegex, '')
            .replace(trailingNewlineRegex, '')
            .replace(multiSpaceRegex, ' ')

          // Remove empty text nodes, append otherwise
          if (value === '') {
            el.removeChild(lastChild)
          } else {
            lastChild.nodeValue = value
          }
        // Trim the child nodes if the current node is not a node
        // where all whitespace must be preserved
        } else if (VERBATIM_TAGS.indexOf(nodeName) === -1) {
          value = lastChild.nodeValue
            .replace(leadingSpaceRegex, ' ')
            .replace(leadingNewlineRegex, '')
            .replace(trailingNewlineRegex, '')
            .replace(multiSpaceRegex, ' ')
          lastChild.nodeValue = value
        }
      }

      // Store the last nodename
      var _nodeName = node.nodeName
      if (_nodeName) nodeName = _nodeName.toLowerCase()

      // Append the node to the DOM
      el.appendChild(node)
    }
  }
}

},{}],3:[function(require,module,exports){
var hyperx = require('hyperx')
var appendChild = require('./appendChild')

var SVGNS = 'http://www.w3.org/2000/svg'
var XLINKNS = 'http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink'

var BOOL_PROPS = [
  'autofocus', 'checked', 'defaultchecked', 'disabled', 'formnovalidate',
  'indeterminate', 'readonly', 'required', 'selected', 'willvalidate'
]

var COMMENT_TAG = '!--'

var SVG_TAGS = [
  'svg', 'altGlyph', 'altGlyphDef', 'altGlyphItem', 'animate', 'animateColor',
  'animateMotion', 'animateTransform', 'circle', 'clipPath', 'color-profile',
  'cursor', 'defs', 'desc', 'ellipse', 'feBlend', 'feColorMatrix',
  'feComponentTransfer', 'feComposite', 'feConvolveMatrix',
  'feDiffuseLighting', 'feDisplacementMap', 'feDistantLight', 'feFlood',
  'feFuncA', 'feFuncB', 'feFuncG', 'feFuncR', 'feGaussianBlur', 'feImage',
  'feMerge', 'feMergeNode', 'feMorphology', 'feOffset', 'fePointLight',
  'feSpecularLighting', 'feSpotLight', 'feTile', 'feTurbulence', 'filter',
  'font', 'font-face', 'font-face-format', 'font-face-name', 'font-face-src',
  'font-face-uri', 'foreignObject', 'g', 'glyph', 'glyphRef', 'hkern', 'image',
  'line', 'linearGradient', 'marker', 'mask', 'metadata', 'missing-glyph',
  'mpath', 'path', 'pattern', 'polygon', 'polyline', 'radialGradient', 'rect',
  'set', 'stop', 'switch', 'symbol', 'text', 'textPath', 'title', 'tref',
  'tspan', 'use', 'view', 'vkern'
]

function belCreateElement (tag, props, children) {
  var el

  // If an svg tag, it needs a namespace
  if (SVG_TAGS.indexOf(tag) !== -1) {
    props.namespace = SVGNS
  }

  // If we are using a namespace
  var ns = false
  if (props.namespace) {
    ns = props.namespace
    delete props.namespace
  }

  // Create the element
  if (ns) {
    el = document.createElementNS(ns, tag)
  } else if (tag === COMMENT_TAG) {
    return document.createComment(props.comment)
  } else {
    el = document.createElement(tag)
  }

  // Create the properties
  for (var p in props) {
    if (props.hasOwnProperty(p)) {
      var key = p.toLowerCase()
      var val = props[p]
      // Normalize className
      if (key === 'classname') {
        key = 'class'
        p = 'class'
      }
      // The for attribute gets transformed to htmlFor, but we just set as for
      if (p === 'htmlFor') {
        p = 'for'
      }
      // If a property is boolean, set itself to the key
      if (BOOL_PROPS.indexOf(key) !== -1) {
        if (val === 'true') val = key
        else if (val === 'false') continue
      }
      // If a property prefers being set directly vs setAttribute
      if (key.slice(0, 2) === 'on') {
        el[p] = val
      } else {
        if (ns) {
          if (p === 'xlink:href') {
            el.setAttributeNS(XLINKNS, p, val)
          } else if (/^xmlns($|:)/i.test(p)) {
            // skip xmlns definitions
          } else {
            el.setAttributeNS(null, p, val)
          }
        } else {
          el.setAttribute(p, val)
        }
      }
    }
  }

  appendChild(el, children)
  return el
}

module.exports = hyperx(belCreateElement, {comments: true})
module.exports.default = module.exports
module.exports.createElement = belCreateElement

},{"./appendChild":2,"hyperx":30}],4:[function(require,module,exports){
;(function (globalObject) {
  'use strict';

/*
 *      bignumber.js v9.0.0
 *      A JavaScript library for arbitrary-precision arithmetic.
 *      https://github.com/MikeMcl/bignumber.js
 *      Copyright (c) 2019 Michael Mclaughlin <M8ch88l@gmail.com>
 *      MIT Licensed.
 *
 *      BigNumber.prototype methods     |  BigNumber methods
 *                                      |
 *      absoluteValue            abs    |  clone
 *      comparedTo                      |  config               set
 *      decimalPlaces            dp     |      DECIMAL_PLACES
 *      dividedBy                div    |      ROUNDING_MODE
 *      dividedToIntegerBy       idiv   |      EXPONENTIAL_AT
 *      exponentiatedBy          pow    |      RANGE
 *      integerValue                    |      CRYPTO
 *      isEqualTo                eq     |      MODULO_MODE
 *      isFinite                        |      POW_PRECISION
 *      isGreaterThan            gt     |      FORMAT
 *      isGreaterThanOrEqualTo   gte    |      ALPHABET
 *      isInteger                       |  isBigNumber
 *      isLessThan               lt     |  maximum              max
 *      isLessThanOrEqualTo      lte    |  minimum              min
 *      isNaN                           |  random
 *      isNegative                      |  sum
 *      isPositive                      |
 *      isZero                          |
 *      minus                           |
 *      modulo                   mod    |
 *      multipliedBy             times  |
 *      negated                         |
 *      plus                            |
 *      precision                sd     |
 *      shiftedBy                       |
 *      squareRoot               sqrt   |
 *      toExponential                   |
 *      toFixed                         |
 *      toFormat                        |
 *      toFraction                      |
 *      toJSON                          |
 *      toNumber                        |
 *      toPrecision                     |
 *      toString                        |
 *      valueOf                         |
 *
 */


  var BigNumber,
    isNumeric = /^-?(?:\d+(?:\.\d*)?|\.\d+)(?:e[+-]?\d+)?$/i,
    mathceil = Math.ceil,
    mathfloor = Math.floor,

    bignumberError = '[BigNumber Error] ',
    tooManyDigits = bignumberError + 'Number primitive has more than 15 significant digits: ',

    BASE = 1e14,
    LOG_BASE = 14,
    MAX_SAFE_INTEGER = 0x1fffffffffffff,         // 2^53 - 1
    // MAX_INT32 = 0x7fffffff,                   // 2^31 - 1
    POWS_TEN = [1, 10, 100, 1e3, 1e4, 1e5, 1e6, 1e7, 1e8, 1e9, 1e10, 1e11, 1e12, 1e13],
    SQRT_BASE = 1e7,

    // EDITABLE
    // The limit on the value of DECIMAL_PLACES, TO_EXP_NEG, TO_EXP_POS, MIN_EXP, MAX_EXP, and
    // the arguments to toExponential, toFixed, toFormat, and toPrecision.
    MAX = 1E9;                                   // 0 to MAX_INT32


  /*
   * Create and return a BigNumber constructor.
   */
  function clone(configObject) {
    var div, convertBase, parseNumeric,
      P = BigNumber.prototype = { constructor: BigNumber, toString: null, valueOf: null },
      ONE = new BigNumber(1),


      //----------------------------- EDITABLE CONFIG DEFAULTS -------------------------------


      // The default values below must be integers within the inclusive ranges stated.
      // The values can also be changed at run-time using BigNumber.set.

      // The maximum number of decimal places for operations involving division.
      DECIMAL_PLACES = 20,                     // 0 to MAX

      // The rounding mode used when rounding to the above decimal places, and when using
      // toExponential, toFixed, toFormat and toPrecision, and round (default value).
      // UP         0 Away from zero.
      // DOWN       1 Towards zero.
      // CEIL       2 Towards +Infinity.
      // FLOOR      3 Towards -Infinity.
      // HALF_UP    4 Towards nearest neighbour. If equidistant, up.
      // HALF_DOWN  5 Towards nearest neighbour. If equidistant, down.
      // HALF_EVEN  6 Towards nearest neighbour. If equidistant, towards even neighbour.
      // HALF_CEIL  7 Towards nearest neighbour. If equidistant, towards +Infinity.
      // HALF_FLOOR 8 Towards nearest neighbour. If equidistant, towards -Infinity.
      ROUNDING_MODE = 4,                       // 0 to 8

      // EXPONENTIAL_AT : [TO_EXP_NEG , TO_EXP_POS]

      // The exponent value at and beneath which toString returns exponential notation.
      // Number type: -7
      TO_EXP_NEG = -7,                         // 0 to -MAX

      // The exponent value at and above which toString returns exponential notation.
      // Number type: 21
      TO_EXP_POS = 21,                         // 0 to MAX

      // RANGE : [MIN_EXP, MAX_EXP]

      // The minimum exponent value, beneath which underflow to zero occurs.
      // Number type: -324  (5e-324)
      MIN_EXP = -1e7,                          // -1 to -MAX

      // The maximum exponent value, above which overflow to Infinity occurs.
      // Number type:  308  (1.7976931348623157e+308)
      // For MAX_EXP > 1e7, e.g. new BigNumber('1e100000000').plus(1) may be slow.
      MAX_EXP = 1e7,                           // 1 to MAX

      // Whether to use cryptographically-secure random number generation, if available.
      CRYPTO = false,                          // true or false

      // The modulo mode used when calculating the modulus: a mod n.
      // The quotient (q = a / n) is calculated according to the corresponding rounding mode.
      // The remainder (r) is calculated as: r = a - n * q.
      //
      // UP        0 The remainder is positive if the dividend is negative, else is negative.
      // DOWN      1 The remainder has the same sign as the dividend.
      //             This modulo mode is commonly known as 'truncated division' and is
      //             equivalent to (a % n) in JavaScript.
      // FLOOR     3 The remainder has the same sign as the divisor (Python %).
      // HALF_EVEN 6 This modulo mode implements the IEEE 754 remainder function.
      // EUCLID    9 Euclidian division. q = sign(n) * floor(a / abs(n)).
      //             The remainder is always positive.
      //
      // The truncated division, floored division, Euclidian division and IEEE 754 remainder
      // modes are commonly used for the modulus operation.
      // Although the other rounding modes can also be used, they may not give useful results.
      MODULO_MODE = 1,                         // 0 to 9

      // The maximum number of significant digits of the result of the exponentiatedBy operation.
      // If POW_PRECISION is 0, there will be unlimited significant digits.
      POW_PRECISION = 0,                    // 0 to MAX

      // The format specification used by the BigNumber.prototype.toFormat method.
      FORMAT = {
        prefix: '',
        groupSize: 3,
        secondaryGroupSize: 0,
        groupSeparator: ',',
        decimalSeparator: '.',
        fractionGroupSize: 0,
        fractionGroupSeparator: '\xA0',      // non-breaking space
        suffix: ''
      },

      // The alphabet used for base conversion. It must be at least 2 characters long, with no '+',
      // '-', '.', whitespace, or repeated character.
      // '0123456789abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyzABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ$_'
      ALPHABET = '0123456789abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz';


    //------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------


    // CONSTRUCTOR


    /*
     * The BigNumber constructor and exported function.
     * Create and return a new instance of a BigNumber object.
     *
     * v {number|string|BigNumber} A numeric value.
     * [b] {number} The base of v. Integer, 2 to ALPHABET.length inclusive.
     */
    function BigNumber(v, b) {
      var alphabet, c, caseChanged, e, i, isNum, len, str,
        x = this;

      // Enable constructor call without `new`.
      if (!(x instanceof BigNumber)) return new BigNumber(v, b);

      if (b == null) {

        if (v && v._isBigNumber === true) {
          x.s = v.s;

          if (!v.c || v.e > MAX_EXP) {
            x.c = x.e = null;
          } else if (v.e < MIN_EXP) {
            x.c = [x.e = 0];
          } else {
            x.e = v.e;
            x.c = v.c.slice();
          }

          return;
        }

        if ((isNum = typeof v == 'number') && v * 0 == 0) {

          // Use `1 / n` to handle minus zero also.
          x.s = 1 / v < 0 ? (v = -v, -1) : 1;

          // Fast path for integers, where n < 2147483648 (2**31).
          if (v === ~~v) {
            for (e = 0, i = v; i >= 10; i /= 10, e++);

            if (e > MAX_EXP) {
              x.c = x.e = null;
            } else {
              x.e = e;
              x.c = [v];
            }

            return;
          }

          str = String(v);
        } else {

          if (!isNumeric.test(str = String(v))) return parseNumeric(x, str, isNum);

          x.s = str.charCodeAt(0) == 45 ? (str = str.slice(1), -1) : 1;
        }

        // Decimal point?
        if ((e = str.indexOf('.')) > -1) str = str.replace('.', '');

        // Exponential form?
        if ((i = str.search(/e/i)) > 0) {

          // Determine exponent.
          if (e < 0) e = i;
          e += +str.slice(i + 1);
          str = str.substring(0, i);
        } else if (e < 0) {

          // Integer.
          e = str.length;
        }

      } else {

        // '[BigNumber Error] Base {not a primitive number|not an integer|out of range}: {b}'
        intCheck(b, 2, ALPHABET.length, 'Base');

        // Allow exponential notation to be used with base 10 argument, while
        // also rounding to DECIMAL_PLACES as with other bases.
        if (b == 10) {
          x = new BigNumber(v);
          return round(x, DECIMAL_PLACES + x.e + 1, ROUNDING_MODE);
        }

        str = String(v);

        if (isNum = typeof v == 'number') {

          // Avoid potential interpretation of Infinity and NaN as base 44+ values.
          if (v * 0 != 0) return parseNumeric(x, str, isNum, b);

          x.s = 1 / v < 0 ? (str = str.slice(1), -1) : 1;

          // '[BigNumber Error] Number primitive has more than 15 significant digits: {n}'
          if (BigNumber.DEBUG && str.replace(/^0\.0*|\./, '').length > 15) {
            throw Error
             (tooManyDigits + v);
          }
        } else {
          x.s = str.charCodeAt(0) === 45 ? (str = str.slice(1), -1) : 1;
        }

        alphabet = ALPHABET.slice(0, b);
        e = i = 0;

        // Check that str is a valid base b number.
        // Don't use RegExp, so alphabet can contain special characters.
        for (len = str.length; i < len; i++) {
          if (alphabet.indexOf(c = str.charAt(i)) < 0) {
            if (c == '.') {

              // If '.' is not the first character and it has not be found before.
              if (i > e) {
                e = len;
                continue;
              }
            } else if (!caseChanged) {

              // Allow e.g. hexadecimal 'FF' as well as 'ff'.
              if (str == str.toUpperCase() && (str = str.toLowerCase()) ||
                  str == str.toLowerCase() && (str = str.toUpperCase())) {
                caseChanged = true;
                i = -1;
                e = 0;
                continue;
              }
            }

            return parseNumeric(x, String(v), isNum, b);
          }
        }

        // Prevent later check for length on converted number.
        isNum = false;
        str = convertBase(str, b, 10, x.s);

        // Decimal point?
        if ((e = str.indexOf('.')) > -1) str = str.replace('.', '');
        else e = str.length;
      }

      // Determine leading zeros.
      for (i = 0; str.charCodeAt(i) === 48; i++);

      // Determine trailing zeros.
      for (len = str.length; str.charCodeAt(--len) === 48;);

      if (str = str.slice(i, ++len)) {
        len -= i;

        // '[BigNumber Error] Number primitive has more than 15 significant digits: {n}'
        if (isNum && BigNumber.DEBUG &&
          len > 15 && (v > MAX_SAFE_INTEGER || v !== mathfloor(v))) {
            throw Error
             (tooManyDigits + (x.s * v));
        }

         // Overflow?
        if ((e = e - i - 1) > MAX_EXP) {

          // Infinity.
          x.c = x.e = null;

        // Underflow?
        } else if (e < MIN_EXP) {

          // Zero.
          x.c = [x.e = 0];
        } else {
          x.e = e;
          x.c = [];

          // Transform base

          // e is the base 10 exponent.
          // i is where to slice str to get the first element of the coefficient array.
          i = (e + 1) % LOG_BASE;
          if (e < 0) i += LOG_BASE;  // i < 1

          if (i < len) {
            if (i) x.c.push(+str.slice(0, i));

            for (len -= LOG_BASE; i < len;) {
              x.c.push(+str.slice(i, i += LOG_BASE));
            }

            i = LOG_BASE - (str = str.slice(i)).length;
          } else {
            i -= len;
          }

          for (; i--; str += '0');
          x.c.push(+str);
        }
      } else {

        // Zero.
        x.c = [x.e = 0];
      }
    }


    // CONSTRUCTOR PROPERTIES


    BigNumber.clone = clone;

    BigNumber.ROUND_UP = 0;
    BigNumber.ROUND_DOWN = 1;
    BigNumber.ROUND_CEIL = 2;
    BigNumber.ROUND_FLOOR = 3;
    BigNumber.ROUND_HALF_UP = 4;
    BigNumber.ROUND_HALF_DOWN = 5;
    BigNumber.ROUND_HALF_EVEN = 6;
    BigNumber.ROUND_HALF_CEIL = 7;
    BigNumber.ROUND_HALF_FLOOR = 8;
    BigNumber.EUCLID = 9;


    /*
     * Configure infrequently-changing library-wide settings.
     *
     * Accept an object with the following optional properties (if the value of a property is
     * a number, it must be an integer within the inclusive range stated):
     *
     *   DECIMAL_PLACES   {number}           0 to MAX
     *   ROUNDING_MODE    {number}           0 to 8
     *   EXPONENTIAL_AT   {number|number[]}  -MAX to MAX  or  [-MAX to 0, 0 to MAX]
     *   RANGE            {number|number[]}  -MAX to MAX (not zero)  or  [-MAX to -1, 1 to MAX]
     *   CRYPTO           {boolean}          true or false
     *   MODULO_MODE      {number}           0 to 9
     *   POW_PRECISION       {number}           0 to MAX
     *   ALPHABET         {string}           A string of two or more unique characters which does
     *                                       not contain '.'.
     *   FORMAT           {object}           An object with some of the following properties:
     *     prefix                 {string}
     *     groupSize              {number}
     *     secondaryGroupSize     {number}
     *     groupSeparator         {string}
     *     decimalSeparator       {string}
     *     fractionGroupSize      {number}
     *     fractionGroupSeparator {string}
     *     suffix                 {string}
     *
     * (The values assigned to the above FORMAT object properties are not checked for validity.)
     *
     * E.g.
     * BigNumber.config({ DECIMAL_PLACES : 20, ROUNDING_MODE : 4 })
     *
     * Ignore properties/parameters set to null or undefined, except for ALPHABET.
     *
     * Return an object with the properties current values.
     */
    BigNumber.config = BigNumber.set = function (obj) {
      var p, v;

      if (obj != null) {

        if (typeof obj == 'object') {

          // DECIMAL_PLACES {number} Integer, 0 to MAX inclusive.
          // '[BigNumber Error] DECIMAL_PLACES {not a primitive number|not an integer|out of range}: {v}'
          if (obj.hasOwnProperty(p = 'DECIMAL_PLACES')) {
            v = obj[p];
            intCheck(v, 0, MAX, p);
            DECIMAL_PLACES = v;
          }

          // ROUNDING_MODE {number} Integer, 0 to 8 inclusive.
          // '[BigNumber Error] ROUNDING_MODE {not a primitive number|not an integer|out of range}: {v}'
          if (obj.hasOwnProperty(p = 'ROUNDING_MODE')) {
            v = obj[p];
            intCheck(v, 0, 8, p);
            ROUNDING_MODE = v;
          }

          // EXPONENTIAL_AT {number|number[]}
          // Integer, -MAX to MAX inclusive or
          // [integer -MAX to 0 inclusive, 0 to MAX inclusive].
          // '[BigNumber Error] EXPONENTIAL_AT {not a primitive number|not an integer|out of range}: {v}'
          if (obj.hasOwnProperty(p = 'EXPONENTIAL_AT')) {
            v = obj[p];
            if (v && v.pop) {
              intCheck(v[0], -MAX, 0, p);
              intCheck(v[1], 0, MAX, p);
              TO_EXP_NEG = v[0];
              TO_EXP_POS = v[1];
            } else {
              intCheck(v, -MAX, MAX, p);
              TO_EXP_NEG = -(TO_EXP_POS = v < 0 ? -v : v);
            }
          }

          // RANGE {number|number[]} Non-zero integer, -MAX to MAX inclusive or
          // [integer -MAX to -1 inclusive, integer 1 to MAX inclusive].
          // '[BigNumber Error] RANGE {not a primitive number|not an integer|out of range|cannot be zero}: {v}'
          if (obj.hasOwnProperty(p = 'RANGE')) {
            v = obj[p];
            if (v && v.pop) {
              intCheck(v[0], -MAX, -1, p);
              intCheck(v[1], 1, MAX, p);
              MIN_EXP = v[0];
              MAX_EXP = v[1];
            } else {
              intCheck(v, -MAX, MAX, p);
              if (v) {
                MIN_EXP = -(MAX_EXP = v < 0 ? -v : v);
              } else {
                throw Error
                 (bignumberError + p + ' cannot be zero: ' + v);
              }
            }
          }

          // CRYPTO {boolean} true or false.
          // '[BigNumber Error] CRYPTO not true or false: {v}'
          // '[BigNumber Error] crypto unavailable'
          if (obj.hasOwnProperty(p = 'CRYPTO')) {
            v = obj[p];
            if (v === !!v) {
              if (v) {
                if (typeof crypto != 'undefined' && crypto &&
                 (crypto.getRandomValues || crypto.randomBytes)) {
                  CRYPTO = v;
                } else {
                  CRYPTO = !v;
                  throw Error
                   (bignumberError + 'crypto unavailable');
                }
              } else {
                CRYPTO = v;
              }
            } else {
              throw Error
               (bignumberError + p + ' not true or false: ' + v);
            }
          }

          // MODULO_MODE {number} Integer, 0 to 9 inclusive.
          // '[BigNumber Error] MODULO_MODE {not a primitive number|not an integer|out of range}: {v}'
          if (obj.hasOwnProperty(p = 'MODULO_MODE')) {
            v = obj[p];
            intCheck(v, 0, 9, p);
            MODULO_MODE = v;
          }

          // POW_PRECISION {number} Integer, 0 to MAX inclusive.
          // '[BigNumber Error] POW_PRECISION {not a primitive number|not an integer|out of range}: {v}'
          if (obj.hasOwnProperty(p = 'POW_PRECISION')) {
            v = obj[p];
            intCheck(v, 0, MAX, p);
            POW_PRECISION = v;
          }

          // FORMAT {object}
          // '[BigNumber Error] FORMAT not an object: {v}'
          if (obj.hasOwnProperty(p = 'FORMAT')) {
            v = obj[p];
            if (typeof v == 'object') FORMAT = v;
            else throw Error
             (bignumberError + p + ' not an object: ' + v);
          }

          // ALPHABET {string}
          // '[BigNumber Error] ALPHABET invalid: {v}'
          if (obj.hasOwnProperty(p = 'ALPHABET')) {
            v = obj[p];

            // Disallow if only one character,
            // or if it contains '+', '-', '.', whitespace, or a repeated character.
            if (typeof v == 'string' && !/^.$|[+-.\s]|(.).*\1/.test(v)) {
              ALPHABET = v;
            } else {
              throw Error
               (bignumberError + p + ' invalid: ' + v);
            }
          }

        } else {

          // '[BigNumber Error] Object expected: {v}'
          throw Error
           (bignumberError + 'Object expected: ' + obj);
        }
      }

      return {
        DECIMAL_PLACES: DECIMAL_PLACES,
        ROUNDING_MODE: ROUNDING_MODE,
        EXPONENTIAL_AT: [TO_EXP_NEG, TO_EXP_POS],
        RANGE: [MIN_EXP, MAX_EXP],
        CRYPTO: CRYPTO,
        MODULO_MODE: MODULO_MODE,
        POW_PRECISION: POW_PRECISION,
        FORMAT: FORMAT,
        ALPHABET: ALPHABET
      };
    };


    /*
     * Return true if v is a BigNumber instance, otherwise return false.
     *
     * If BigNumber.DEBUG is true, throw if a BigNumber instance is not well-formed.
     *
     * v {any}
     *
     * '[BigNumber Error] Invalid BigNumber: {v}'
     */
    BigNumber.isBigNumber = function (v) {
      if (!v || v._isBigNumber !== true) return false;
      if (!BigNumber.DEBUG) return true;

      var i, n,
        c = v.c,
        e = v.e,
        s = v.s;

      out: if ({}.toString.call(c) == '[object Array]') {

        if ((s === 1 || s === -1) && e >= -MAX && e <= MAX && e === mathfloor(e)) {

          // If the first element is zero, the BigNumber value must be zero.
          if (c[0] === 0) {
            if (e === 0 && c.length === 1) return true;
            break out;
          }

          // Calculate number of digits that c[0] should have, based on the exponent.
          i = (e + 1) % LOG_BASE;
          if (i < 1) i += LOG_BASE;

          // Calculate number of digits of c[0].
          //if (Math.ceil(Math.log(c[0] + 1) / Math.LN10) == i) {
          if (String(c[0]).length == i) {

            for (i = 0; i < c.length; i++) {
              n = c[i];
              if (n < 0 || n >= BASE || n !== mathfloor(n)) break out;
            }

            // Last element cannot be zero, unless it is the only element.
            if (n !== 0) return true;
          }
        }

      // Infinity/NaN
      } else if (c === null && e === null && (s === null || s === 1 || s === -1)) {
        return true;
      }

      throw Error
        (bignumberError + 'Invalid BigNumber: ' + v);
    };


    /*
     * Return a new BigNumber whose value is the maximum of the arguments.
     *
     * arguments {number|string|BigNumber}
     */
    BigNumber.maximum = BigNumber.max = function () {
      return maxOrMin(arguments, P.lt);
    };


    /*
     * Return a new BigNumber whose value is the minimum of the arguments.
     *
     * arguments {number|string|BigNumber}
     */
    BigNumber.minimum = BigNumber.min = function () {
      return maxOrMin(arguments, P.gt);
    };


    /*
     * Return a new BigNumber with a random value equal to or greater than 0 and less than 1,
     * and with dp, or DECIMAL_PLACES if dp is omitted, decimal places (or less if trailing
     * zeros are produced).
     *
     * [dp] {number} Decimal places. Integer, 0 to MAX inclusive.
     *
     * '[BigNumber Error] Argument {not a primitive number|not an integer|out of range}: {dp}'
     * '[BigNumber Error] crypto unavailable'
     */
    BigNumber.random = (function () {
      var pow2_53 = 0x20000000000000;

      // Return a 53 bit integer n, where 0 <= n < 9007199254740992.
      // Check if Math.random() produces more than 32 bits of randomness.
      // If it does, assume at least 53 bits are produced, otherwise assume at least 30 bits.
      // 0x40000000 is 2^30, 0x800000 is 2^23, 0x1fffff is 2^21 - 1.
      var random53bitInt = (Math.random() * pow2_53) & 0x1fffff
       ? function () { return mathfloor(Math.random() * pow2_53); }
       : function () { return ((Math.random() * 0x40000000 | 0) * 0x800000) +
         (Math.random() * 0x800000 | 0); };

      return function (dp) {
        var a, b, e, k, v,
          i = 0,
          c = [],
          rand = new BigNumber(ONE);

        if (dp == null) dp = DECIMAL_PLACES;
        else intCheck(dp, 0, MAX);

        k = mathceil(dp / LOG_BASE);

        if (CRYPTO) {

          // Browsers supporting crypto.getRandomValues.
          if (crypto.getRandomValues) {

            a = crypto.getRandomValues(new Uint32Array(k *= 2));

            for (; i < k;) {

              // 53 bits:
              // ((Math.pow(2, 32) - 1) * Math.pow(2, 21)).toString(2)
              // 11111 11111111 11111111 11111111 11100000 00000000 00000000
              // ((Math.pow(2, 32) - 1) >>> 11).toString(2)
              //                                     11111 11111111 11111111
              // 0x20000 is 2^21.
              v = a[i] * 0x20000 + (a[i + 1] >>> 11);

              // Rejection sampling:
              // 0 <= v < 9007199254740992
              // Probability that v >= 9e15, is
              // 7199254740992 / 9007199254740992 ~= 0.0008, i.e. 1 in 1251
              if (v >= 9e15) {
                b = crypto.getRandomValues(new Uint32Array(2));
                a[i] = b[0];
                a[i + 1] = b[1];
              } else {

                // 0 <= v <= 8999999999999999
                // 0 <= (v % 1e14) <= 99999999999999
                c.push(v % 1e14);
                i += 2;
              }
            }
            i = k / 2;

          // Node.js supporting crypto.randomBytes.
          } else if (crypto.randomBytes) {

            // buffer
            a = crypto.randomBytes(k *= 7);

            for (; i < k;) {

              // 0x1000000000000 is 2^48, 0x10000000000 is 2^40
              // 0x100000000 is 2^32, 0x1000000 is 2^24
              // 11111 11111111 11111111 11111111 11111111 11111111 11111111
              // 0 <= v < 9007199254740992
              v = ((a[i] & 31) * 0x1000000000000) + (a[i + 1] * 0x10000000000) +
                 (a[i + 2] * 0x100000000) + (a[i + 3] * 0x1000000) +
                 (a[i + 4] << 16) + (a[i + 5] << 8) + a[i + 6];

              if (v >= 9e15) {
                crypto.randomBytes(7).copy(a, i);
              } else {

                // 0 <= (v % 1e14) <= 99999999999999
                c.push(v % 1e14);
                i += 7;
              }
            }
            i = k / 7;
          } else {
            CRYPTO = false;
            throw Error
             (bignumberError + 'crypto unavailable');
          }
        }

        // Use Math.random.
        if (!CRYPTO) {

          for (; i < k;) {
            v = random53bitInt();
            if (v < 9e15) c[i++] = v % 1e14;
          }
        }

        k = c[--i];
        dp %= LOG_BASE;

        // Convert trailing digits to zeros according to dp.
        if (k && dp) {
          v = POWS_TEN[LOG_BASE - dp];
          c[i] = mathfloor(k / v) * v;
        }

        // Remove trailing elements which are zero.
        for (; c[i] === 0; c.pop(), i--);

        // Zero?
        if (i < 0) {
          c = [e = 0];
        } else {

          // Remove leading elements which are zero and adjust exponent accordingly.
          for (e = -1 ; c[0] === 0; c.splice(0, 1), e -= LOG_BASE);

          // Count the digits of the first element of c to determine leading zeros, and...
          for (i = 1, v = c[0]; v >= 10; v /= 10, i++);

          // adjust the exponent accordingly.
          if (i < LOG_BASE) e -= LOG_BASE - i;
        }

        rand.e = e;
        rand.c = c;
        return rand;
      };
    })();


    /*
     * Return a BigNumber whose value is the sum of the arguments.
     *
     * arguments {number|string|BigNumber}
     */
    BigNumber.sum = function () {
      var i = 1,
        args = arguments,
        sum = new BigNumber(args[0]);
      for (; i < args.length;) sum = sum.plus(args[i++]);
      return sum;
    };


    // PRIVATE FUNCTIONS


    // Called by BigNumber and BigNumber.prototype.toString.
    convertBase = (function () {
      var decimal = '0123456789';

      /*
       * Convert string of baseIn to an array of numbers of baseOut.
       * Eg. toBaseOut('255', 10, 16) returns [15, 15].
       * Eg. toBaseOut('ff', 16, 10) returns [2, 5, 5].
       */
      function toBaseOut(str, baseIn, baseOut, alphabet) {
        var j,
          arr = [0],
          arrL,
          i = 0,
          len = str.length;

        for (; i < len;) {
          for (arrL = arr.length; arrL--; arr[arrL] *= baseIn);

          arr[0] += alphabet.indexOf(str.charAt(i++));

          for (j = 0; j < arr.length; j++) {

            if (arr[j] > baseOut - 1) {
              if (arr[j + 1] == null) arr[j + 1] = 0;
              arr[j + 1] += arr[j] / baseOut | 0;
              arr[j] %= baseOut;
            }
          }
        }

        return arr.reverse();
      }

      // Convert a numeric string of baseIn to a numeric string of baseOut.
      // If the caller is toString, we are converting from base 10 to baseOut.
      // If the caller is BigNumber, we are converting from baseIn to base 10.
      return function (str, baseIn, baseOut, sign, callerIsToString) {
        var alphabet, d, e, k, r, x, xc, y,
          i = str.indexOf('.'),
          dp = DECIMAL_PLACES,
          rm = ROUNDING_MODE;

        // Non-integer.
        if (i >= 0) {
          k = POW_PRECISION;

          // Unlimited precision.
          POW_PRECISION = 0;
          str = str.replace('.', '');
          y = new BigNumber(baseIn);
          x = y.pow(str.length - i);
          POW_PRECISION = k;

          // Convert str as if an integer, then restore the fraction part by dividing the
          // result by its base raised to a power.

          y.c = toBaseOut(toFixedPoint(coeffToString(x.c), x.e, '0'),
           10, baseOut, decimal);
          y.e = y.c.length;
        }

        // Convert the number as integer.

        xc = toBaseOut(str, baseIn, baseOut, callerIsToString
         ? (alphabet = ALPHABET, decimal)
         : (alphabet = decimal, ALPHABET));

        // xc now represents str as an integer and converted to baseOut. e is the exponent.
        e = k = xc.length;

        // Remove trailing zeros.
        for (; xc[--k] == 0; xc.pop());

        // Zero?
        if (!xc[0]) return alphabet.charAt(0);

        // Does str represent an integer? If so, no need for the division.
        if (i < 0) {
          --e;
        } else {
          x.c = xc;
          x.e = e;

          // The sign is needed for correct rounding.
          x.s = sign;
          x = div(x, y, dp, rm, baseOut);
          xc = x.c;
          r = x.r;
          e = x.e;
        }

        // xc now represents str converted to baseOut.

        // THe index of the rounding digit.
        d = e + dp + 1;

        // The rounding digit: the digit to the right of the digit that may be rounded up.
        i = xc[d];

        // Look at the rounding digits and mode to determine whether to round up.

        k = baseOut / 2;
        r = r || d < 0 || xc[d + 1] != null;

        r = rm < 4 ? (i != null || r) && (rm == 0 || rm == (x.s < 0 ? 3 : 2))
              : i > k || i == k &&(rm == 4 || r || rm == 6 && xc[d - 1] & 1 ||
               rm == (x.s < 0 ? 8 : 7));

        // If the index of the rounding digit is not greater than zero, or xc represents
        // zero, then the result of the base conversion is zero or, if rounding up, a value
        // such as 0.00001.
        if (d < 1 || !xc[0]) {

          // 1^-dp or 0
          str = r ? toFixedPoint(alphabet.charAt(1), -dp, alphabet.charAt(0)) : alphabet.charAt(0);
        } else {

          // Truncate xc to the required number of decimal places.
          xc.length = d;

          // Round up?
          if (r) {

            // Rounding up may mean the previous digit has to be rounded up and so on.
            for (--baseOut; ++xc[--d] > baseOut;) {
              xc[d] = 0;

              if (!d) {
                ++e;
                xc = [1].concat(xc);
              }
            }
          }

          // Determine trailing zeros.
          for (k = xc.length; !xc[--k];);

          // E.g. [4, 11, 15] becomes 4bf.
          for (i = 0, str = ''; i <= k; str += alphabet.charAt(xc[i++]));

          // Add leading zeros, decimal point and trailing zeros as required.
          str = toFixedPoint(str, e, alphabet.charAt(0));
        }

        // The caller will add the sign.
        return str;
      };
    })();


    // Perform division in the specified base. Called by div and convertBase.
    div = (function () {

      // Assume non-zero x and k.
      function multiply(x, k, base) {
        var m, temp, xlo, xhi,
          carry = 0,
          i = x.length,
          klo = k % SQRT_BASE,
          khi = k / SQRT_BASE | 0;

        for (x = x.slice(); i--;) {
          xlo = x[i] % SQRT_BASE;
          xhi = x[i] / SQRT_BASE | 0;
          m = khi * xlo + xhi * klo;
          temp = klo * xlo + ((m % SQRT_BASE) * SQRT_BASE) + carry;
          carry = (temp / base | 0) + (m / SQRT_BASE | 0) + khi * xhi;
          x[i] = temp % base;
        }

        if (carry) x = [carry].concat(x);

        return x;
      }

      function compare(a, b, aL, bL) {
        var i, cmp;

        if (aL != bL) {
          cmp = aL > bL ? 1 : -1;
        } else {

          for (i = cmp = 0; i < aL; i++) {

            if (a[i] != b[i]) {
              cmp = a[i] > b[i] ? 1 : -1;
              break;
            }
          }
        }

        return cmp;
      }

      function subtract(a, b, aL, base) {
        var i = 0;

        // Subtract b from a.
        for (; aL--;) {
          a[aL] -= i;
          i = a[aL] < b[aL] ? 1 : 0;
          a[aL] = i * base + a[aL] - b[aL];
        }

        // Remove leading zeros.
        for (; !a[0] && a.length > 1; a.splice(0, 1));
      }

      // x: dividend, y: divisor.
      return function (x, y, dp, rm, base) {
        var cmp, e, i, more, n, prod, prodL, q, qc, rem, remL, rem0, xi, xL, yc0,
          yL, yz,
          s = x.s == y.s ? 1 : -1,
          xc = x.c,
          yc = y.c;

        // Either NaN, Infinity or 0?
        if (!xc || !xc[0] || !yc || !yc[0]) {

          return new BigNumber(

           // Return NaN if either NaN, or both Infinity or 0.
           !x.s || !y.s || (xc ? yc && xc[0] == yc[0] : !yc) ? NaN :

            // Return ±0 if x is ±0 or y is ±Infinity, or return ±Infinity as y is ±0.
            xc && xc[0] == 0 || !yc ? s * 0 : s / 0
         );
        }

        q = new BigNumber(s);
        qc = q.c = [];
        e = x.e - y.e;
        s = dp + e + 1;

        if (!base) {
          base = BASE;
          e = bitFloor(x.e / LOG_BASE) - bitFloor(y.e / LOG_BASE);
          s = s / LOG_BASE | 0;
        }

        // Result exponent may be one less then the current value of e.
        // The coefficients of the BigNumbers from convertBase may have trailing zeros.
        for (i = 0; yc[i] == (xc[i] || 0); i++);

        if (yc[i] > (xc[i] || 0)) e--;

        if (s < 0) {
          qc.push(1);
          more = true;
        } else {
          xL = xc.length;
          yL = yc.length;
          i = 0;
          s += 2;

          // Normalise xc and yc so highest order digit of yc is >= base / 2.

          n = mathfloor(base / (yc[0] + 1));

          // Not necessary, but to handle odd bases where yc[0] == (base / 2) - 1.
          // if (n > 1 || n++ == 1 && yc[0] < base / 2) {
          if (n > 1) {
            yc = multiply(yc, n, base);
            xc = multiply(xc, n, base);
            yL = yc.length;
            xL = xc.length;
          }

          xi = yL;
          rem = xc.slice(0, yL);
          remL = rem.length;

          // Add zeros to make remainder as long as divisor.
          for (; remL < yL; rem[remL++] = 0);
          yz = yc.slice();
          yz = [0].concat(yz);
          yc0 = yc[0];
          if (yc[1] >= base / 2) yc0++;
          // Not necessary, but to prevent trial digit n > base, when using base 3.
          // else if (base == 3 && yc0 == 1) yc0 = 1 + 1e-15;

          do {
            n = 0;

            // Compare divisor and remainder.
            cmp = compare(yc, rem, yL, remL);

            // If divisor < remainder.
            if (cmp < 0) {

              // Calculate trial digit, n.

              rem0 = rem[0];
              if (yL != remL) rem0 = rem0 * base + (rem[1] || 0);

              // n is how many times the divisor goes into the current remainder.
              n = mathfloor(rem0 / yc0);

              //  Algorithm:
              //  product = divisor multiplied by trial digit (n).
              //  Compare product and remainder.
              //  If product is greater than remainder:
              //    Subtract divisor from product, decrement trial digit.
              //  Subtract product from remainder.
              //  If product was less than remainder at the last compare:
              //    Compare new remainder and divisor.
              //    If remainder is greater than divisor:
              //      Subtract divisor from remainder, increment trial digit.

              if (n > 1) {

                // n may be > base only when base is 3.
                if (n >= base) n = base - 1;

                // product = divisor * trial digit.
                prod = multiply(yc, n, base);
                prodL = prod.length;
                remL = rem.length;

                // Compare product and remainder.
                // If product > remainder then trial digit n too high.
                // n is 1 too high about 5% of the time, and is not known to have
                // ever been more than 1 too high.
                while (compare(prod, rem, prodL, remL) == 1) {
                  n--;

                  // Subtract divisor from product.
                  subtract(prod, yL < prodL ? yz : yc, prodL, base);
                  prodL = prod.length;
                  cmp = 1;
                }
              } else {

                // n is 0 or 1, cmp is -1.
                // If n is 0, there is no need to compare yc and rem again below,
                // so change cmp to 1 to avoid it.
                // If n is 1, leave cmp as -1, so yc and rem are compared again.
                if (n == 0) {

                  // divisor < remainder, so n must be at least 1.
                  cmp = n = 1;
                }

                // product = divisor
                prod = yc.slice();
                prodL = prod.length;
              }

              if (prodL < remL) prod = [0].concat(prod);

              // Subtract product from remainder.
              subtract(rem, prod, remL, base);
              remL = rem.length;

               // If product was < remainder.
              if (cmp == -1) {

                // Compare divisor and new remainder.
                // If divisor < new remainder, subtract divisor from remainder.
                // Trial digit n too low.
                // n is 1 too low about 5% of the time, and very rarely 2 too low.
                while (compare(yc, rem, yL, remL) < 1) {
                  n++;

                  // Subtract divisor from remainder.
                  subtract(rem, yL < remL ? yz : yc, remL, base);
                  remL = rem.length;
                }
              }
            } else if (cmp === 0) {
              n++;
              rem = [0];
            } // else cmp === 1 and n will be 0

            // Add the next digit, n, to the result array.
            qc[i++] = n;

            // Update the remainder.
            if (rem[0]) {
              rem[remL++] = xc[xi] || 0;
            } else {
              rem = [xc[xi]];
              remL = 1;
            }
          } while ((xi++ < xL || rem[0] != null) && s--);

          more = rem[0] != null;

          // Leading zero?
          if (!qc[0]) qc.splice(0, 1);
        }

        if (base == BASE) {

          // To calculate q.e, first get the number of digits of qc[0].
          for (i = 1, s = qc[0]; s >= 10; s /= 10, i++);

          round(q, dp + (q.e = i + e * LOG_BASE - 1) + 1, rm, more);

        // Caller is convertBase.
        } else {
          q.e = e;
          q.r = +more;
        }

        return q;
      };
    })();


    /*
     * Return a string representing the value of BigNumber n in fixed-point or exponential
     * notation rounded to the specified decimal places or significant digits.
     *
     * n: a BigNumber.
     * i: the index of the last digit required (i.e. the digit that may be rounded up).
     * rm: the rounding mode.
     * id: 1 (toExponential) or 2 (toPrecision).
     */
    function format(n, i, rm, id) {
      var c0, e, ne, len, str;

      if (rm == null) rm = ROUNDING_MODE;
      else intCheck(rm, 0, 8);

      if (!n.c) return n.toString();

      c0 = n.c[0];
      ne = n.e;

      if (i == null) {
        str = coeffToString(n.c);
        str = id == 1 || id == 2 && (ne <= TO_EXP_NEG || ne >= TO_EXP_POS)
         ? toExponential(str, ne)
         : toFixedPoint(str, ne, '0');
      } else {
        n = round(new BigNumber(n), i, rm);

        // n.e may have changed if the value was rounded up.
        e = n.e;

        str = coeffToString(n.c);
        len = str.length;

        // toPrecision returns exponential notation if the number of significant digits
        // specified is less than the number of digits necessary to represent the integer
        // part of the value in fixed-point notation.

        // Exponential notation.
        if (id == 1 || id == 2 && (i <= e || e <= TO_EXP_NEG)) {

          // Append zeros?
          for (; len < i; str += '0', len++);
          str = toExponential(str, e);

        // Fixed-point notation.
        } else {
          i -= ne;
          str = toFixedPoint(str, e, '0');

          // Append zeros?
          if (e + 1 > len) {
            if (--i > 0) for (str += '.'; i--; str += '0');
          } else {
            i += e - len;
            if (i > 0) {
              if (e + 1 == len) str += '.';
              for (; i--; str += '0');
            }
          }
        }
      }

      return n.s < 0 && c0 ? '-' + str : str;
    }


    // Handle BigNumber.max and BigNumber.min.
    function maxOrMin(args, method) {
      var n,
        i = 1,
        m = new BigNumber(args[0]);

      for (; i < args.length; i++) {
        n = new BigNumber(args[i]);

        // If any number is NaN, return NaN.
        if (!n.s) {
          m = n;
          break;
        } else if (method.call(m, n)) {
          m = n;
        }
      }

      return m;
    }


    /*
     * Strip trailing zeros, calculate base 10 exponent and check against MIN_EXP and MAX_EXP.
     * Called by minus, plus and times.
     */
    function normalise(n, c, e) {
      var i = 1,
        j = c.length;

       // Remove trailing zeros.
      for (; !c[--j]; c.pop());

      // Calculate the base 10 exponent. First get the number of digits of c[0].
      for (j = c[0]; j >= 10; j /= 10, i++);

      // Overflow?
      if ((e = i + e * LOG_BASE - 1) > MAX_EXP) {

        // Infinity.
        n.c = n.e = null;

      // Underflow?
      } else if (e < MIN_EXP) {

        // Zero.
        n.c = [n.e = 0];
      } else {
        n.e = e;
        n.c = c;
      }

      return n;
    }


    // Handle values that fail the validity test in BigNumber.
    parseNumeric = (function () {
      var basePrefix = /^(-?)0([xbo])(?=\w[\w.]*$)/i,
        dotAfter = /^([^.]+)\.$/,
        dotBefore = /^\.([^.]+)$/,
        isInfinityOrNaN = /^-?(Infinity|NaN)$/,
        whitespaceOrPlus = /^\s*\+(?=[\w.])|^\s+|\s+$/g;

      return function (x, str, isNum, b) {
        var base,
          s = isNum ? str : str.replace(whitespaceOrPlus, '');

        // No exception on ±Infinity or NaN.
        if (isInfinityOrNaN.test(s)) {
          x.s = isNaN(s) ? null : s < 0 ? -1 : 1;
        } else {
          if (!isNum) {

            // basePrefix = /^(-?)0([xbo])(?=\w[\w.]*$)/i
            s = s.replace(basePrefix, function (m, p1, p2) {
              base = (p2 = p2.toLowerCase()) == 'x' ? 16 : p2 == 'b' ? 2 : 8;
              return !b || b == base ? p1 : m;
            });

            if (b) {
              base = b;

              // E.g. '1.' to '1', '.1' to '0.1'
              s = s.replace(dotAfter, '$1').replace(dotBefore, '0.$1');
            }

            if (str != s) return new BigNumber(s, base);
          }

          // '[BigNumber Error] Not a number: {n}'
          // '[BigNumber Error] Not a base {b} number: {n}'
          if (BigNumber.DEBUG) {
            throw Error
              (bignumberError + 'Not a' + (b ? ' base ' + b : '') + ' number: ' + str);
          }

          // NaN
          x.s = null;
        }

        x.c = x.e = null;
      }
    })();


    /*
     * Round x to sd significant digits using rounding mode rm. Check for over/under-flow.
     * If r is truthy, it is known that there are more digits after the rounding digit.
     */
    function round(x, sd, rm, r) {
      var d, i, j, k, n, ni, rd,
        xc = x.c,
        pows10 = POWS_TEN;

      // if x is not Infinity or NaN...
      if (xc) {

        // rd is the rounding digit, i.e. the digit after the digit that may be rounded up.
        // n is a base 1e14 number, the value of the element of array x.c containing rd.
        // ni is the index of n within x.c.
        // d is the number of digits of n.
        // i is the index of rd within n including leading zeros.
        // j is the actual index of rd within n (if < 0, rd is a leading zero).
        out: {

          // Get the number of digits of the first element of xc.
          for (d = 1, k = xc[0]; k >= 10; k /= 10, d++);
          i = sd - d;

          // If the rounding digit is in the first element of xc...
          if (i < 0) {
            i += LOG_BASE;
            j = sd;
            n = xc[ni = 0];

            // Get the rounding digit at index j of n.
            rd = n / pows10[d - j - 1] % 10 | 0;
          } else {
            ni = mathceil((i + 1) / LOG_BASE);

            if (ni >= xc.length) {

              if (r) {

                // Needed by sqrt.
                for (; xc.length <= ni; xc.push(0));
                n = rd = 0;
                d = 1;
                i %= LOG_BASE;
                j = i - LOG_BASE + 1;
              } else {
                break out;
              }
            } else {
              n = k = xc[ni];

              // Get the number of digits of n.
              for (d = 1; k >= 10; k /= 10, d++);

              // Get the index of rd within n.
              i %= LOG_BASE;

              // Get the index of rd within n, adjusted for leading zeros.
              // The number of leading zeros of n is given by LOG_BASE - d.
              j = i - LOG_BASE + d;

              // Get the rounding digit at index j of n.
              rd = j < 0 ? 0 : n / pows10[d - j - 1] % 10 | 0;
            }
          }

          r = r || sd < 0 ||

          // Are there any non-zero digits after the rounding digit?
          // The expression  n % pows10[d - j - 1]  returns all digits of n to the right
          // of the digit at j, e.g. if n is 908714 and j is 2, the expression gives 714.
           xc[ni + 1] != null || (j < 0 ? n : n % pows10[d - j - 1]);

          r = rm < 4
           ? (rd || r) && (rm == 0 || rm == (x.s < 0 ? 3 : 2))
           : rd > 5 || rd == 5 && (rm == 4 || r || rm == 6 &&

            // Check whether the digit to the left of the rounding digit is odd.
            ((i > 0 ? j > 0 ? n / pows10[d - j] : 0 : xc[ni - 1]) % 10) & 1 ||
             rm == (x.s < 0 ? 8 : 7));

          if (sd < 1 || !xc[0]) {
            xc.length = 0;

            if (r) {

              // Convert sd to decimal places.
              sd -= x.e + 1;

              // 1, 0.1, 0.01, 0.001, 0.0001 etc.
              xc[0] = pows10[(LOG_BASE - sd % LOG_BASE) % LOG_BASE];
              x.e = -sd || 0;
            } else {

              // Zero.
              xc[0] = x.e = 0;
            }

            return x;
          }

          // Remove excess digits.
          if (i == 0) {
            xc.length = ni;
            k = 1;
            ni--;
          } else {
            xc.length = ni + 1;
            k = pows10[LOG_BASE - i];

            // E.g. 56700 becomes 56000 if 7 is the rounding digit.
            // j > 0 means i > number of leading zeros of n.
            xc[ni] = j > 0 ? mathfloor(n / pows10[d - j] % pows10[j]) * k : 0;
          }

          // Round up?
          if (r) {

            for (; ;) {

              // If the digit to be rounded up is in the first element of xc...
              if (ni == 0) {

                // i will be the length of xc[0] before k is added.
                for (i = 1, j = xc[0]; j >= 10; j /= 10, i++);
                j = xc[0] += k;
                for (k = 1; j >= 10; j /= 10, k++);

                // if i != k the length has increased.
                if (i != k) {
                  x.e++;
                  if (xc[0] == BASE) xc[0] = 1;
                }

                break;
              } else {
                xc[ni] += k;
                if (xc[ni] != BASE) break;
                xc[ni--] = 0;
                k = 1;
              }
            }
          }

          // Remove trailing zeros.
          for (i = xc.length; xc[--i] === 0; xc.pop());
        }

        // Overflow? Infinity.
        if (x.e > MAX_EXP) {
          x.c = x.e = null;

        // Underflow? Zero.
        } else if (x.e < MIN_EXP) {
          x.c = [x.e = 0];
        }
      }

      return x;
    }


    function valueOf(n) {
      var str,
        e = n.e;

      if (e === null) return n.toString();

      str = coeffToString(n.c);

      str = e <= TO_EXP_NEG || e >= TO_EXP_POS
        ? toExponential(str, e)
        : toFixedPoint(str, e, '0');

      return n.s < 0 ? '-' + str : str;
    }


    // PROTOTYPE/INSTANCE METHODS


    /*
     * Return a new BigNumber whose value is the absolute value of this BigNumber.
     */
    P.absoluteValue = P.abs = function () {
      var x = new BigNumber(this);
      if (x.s < 0) x.s = 1;
      return x;
    };


    /*
     * Return
     *   1 if the value of this BigNumber is greater than the value of BigNumber(y, b),
     *   -1 if the value of this BigNumber is less than the value of BigNumber(y, b),
     *   0 if they have the same value,
     *   or null if the value of either is NaN.
     */
    P.comparedTo = function (y, b) {
      return compare(this, new BigNumber(y, b));
    };


    /*
     * If dp is undefined or null or true or false, return the number of decimal places of the
     * value of this BigNumber, or null if the value of this BigNumber is ±Infinity or NaN.
     *
     * Otherwise, if dp is a number, return a new BigNumber whose value is the value of this
     * BigNumber rounded to a maximum of dp decimal places using rounding mode rm, or
     * ROUNDING_MODE if rm is omitted.
     *
     * [dp] {number} Decimal places: integer, 0 to MAX inclusive.
     * [rm] {number} Rounding mode. Integer, 0 to 8 inclusive.
     *
     * '[BigNumber Error] Argument {not a primitive number|not an integer|out of range}: {dp|rm}'
     */
    P.decimalPlaces = P.dp = function (dp, rm) {
      var c, n, v,
        x = this;

      if (dp != null) {
        intCheck(dp, 0, MAX);
        if (rm == null) rm = ROUNDING_MODE;
        else intCheck(rm, 0, 8);

        return round(new BigNumber(x), dp + x.e + 1, rm);
      }

      if (!(c = x.c)) return null;
      n = ((v = c.length - 1) - bitFloor(this.e / LOG_BASE)) * LOG_BASE;

      // Subtract the number of trailing zeros of the last number.
      if (v = c[v]) for (; v % 10 == 0; v /= 10, n--);
      if (n < 0) n = 0;

      return n;
    };


    /*
     *  n / 0 = I
     *  n / N = N
     *  n / I = 0
     *  0 / n = 0
     *  0 / 0 = N
     *  0 / N = N
     *  0 / I = 0
     *  N / n = N
     *  N / 0 = N
     *  N / N = N
     *  N / I = N
     *  I / n = I
     *  I / 0 = I
     *  I / N = N
     *  I / I = N
     *
     * Return a new BigNumber whose value is the value of this BigNumber divided by the value of
     * BigNumber(y, b), rounded according to DECIMAL_PLACES and ROUNDING_MODE.
     */
    P.dividedBy = P.div = function (y, b) {
      return div(this, new BigNumber(y, b), DECIMAL_PLACES, ROUNDING_MODE);
    };


    /*
     * Return a new BigNumber whose value is the integer part of dividing the value of this
     * BigNumber by the value of BigNumber(y, b).
     */
    P.dividedToIntegerBy = P.idiv = function (y, b) {
      return div(this, new BigNumber(y, b), 0, 1);
    };


    /*
     * Return a BigNumber whose value is the value of this BigNumber exponentiated by n.
     *
     * If m is present, return the result modulo m.
     * If n is negative round according to DECIMAL_PLACES and ROUNDING_MODE.
     * If POW_PRECISION is non-zero and m is not present, round to POW_PRECISION using ROUNDING_MODE.
     *
     * The modular power operation works efficiently when x, n, and m are integers, otherwise it
     * is equivalent to calculating x.exponentiatedBy(n).modulo(m) with a POW_PRECISION of 0.
     *
     * n {number|string|BigNumber} The exponent. An integer.
     * [m] {number|string|BigNumber} The modulus.
     *
     * '[BigNumber Error] Exponent not an integer: {n}'
     */
    P.exponentiatedBy = P.pow = function (n, m) {
      var half, isModExp, i, k, more, nIsBig, nIsNeg, nIsOdd, y,
        x = this;

      n = new BigNumber(n);

      // Allow NaN and ±Infinity, but not other non-integers.
      if (n.c && !n.isInteger()) {
        throw Error
          (bignumberError + 'Exponent not an integer: ' + valueOf(n));
      }

      if (m != null) m = new BigNumber(m);

      // Exponent of MAX_SAFE_INTEGER is 15.
      nIsBig = n.e > 14;

      // If x is NaN, ±Infinity, ±0 or ±1, or n is ±Infinity, NaN or ±0.
      if (!x.c || !x.c[0] || x.c[0] == 1 && !x.e && x.c.length == 1 || !n.c || !n.c[0]) {

        // The sign of the result of pow when x is negative depends on the evenness of n.
        // If +n overflows to ±Infinity, the evenness of n would be not be known.
        y = new BigNumber(Math.pow(+valueOf(x), nIsBig ? 2 - isOdd(n) : +valueOf(n)));
        return m ? y.mod(m) : y;
      }

      nIsNeg = n.s < 0;

      if (m) {

        // x % m returns NaN if abs(m) is zero, or m is NaN.
        if (m.c ? !m.c[0] : !m.s) return new BigNumber(NaN);

        isModExp = !nIsNeg && x.isInteger() && m.isInteger();

        if (isModExp) x = x.mod(m);

      // Overflow to ±Infinity: >=2**1e10 or >=1.0000024**1e15.
      // Underflow to ±0: <=0.79**1e10 or <=0.9999975**1e15.
      } else if (n.e > 9 && (x.e > 0 || x.e < -1 || (x.e == 0
        // [1, 240000000]
        ? x.c[0] > 1 || nIsBig && x.c[1] >= 24e7
        // [80000000000000]  [99999750000000]
        : x.c[0] < 8e13 || nIsBig && x.c[0] <= 9999975e7))) {

        // If x is negative and n is odd, k = -0, else k = 0.
        k = x.s < 0 && isOdd(n) ? -0 : 0;

        // If x >= 1, k = ±Infinity.
        if (x.e > -1) k = 1 / k;

        // If n is negative return ±0, else return ±Infinity.
        return new BigNumber(nIsNeg ? 1 / k : k);

      } else if (POW_PRECISION) {

        // Truncating each coefficient array to a length of k after each multiplication
        // equates to truncating significant digits to POW_PRECISION + [28, 41],
        // i.e. there will be a minimum of 28 guard digits retained.
        k = mathceil(POW_PRECISION / LOG_BASE + 2);
      }

      if (nIsBig) {
        half = new BigNumber(0.5);
        if (nIsNeg) n.s = 1;
        nIsOdd = isOdd(n);
      } else {
        i = Math.abs(+valueOf(n));
        nIsOdd = i % 2;
      }

      y = new BigNumber(ONE);

      // Performs 54 loop iterations for n of 9007199254740991.
      for (; ;) {

        if (nIsOdd) {
          y = y.times(x);
          if (!y.c) break;

          if (k) {
            if (y.c.length > k) y.c.length = k;
          } else if (isModExp) {
            y = y.mod(m);    //y = y.minus(div(y, m, 0, MODULO_MODE).times(m));
          }
        }

        if (i) {
          i = mathfloor(i / 2);
          if (i === 0) break;
          nIsOdd = i % 2;
        } else {
          n = n.times(half);
          round(n, n.e + 1, 1);

          if (n.e > 14) {
            nIsOdd = isOdd(n);
          } else {
            i = +valueOf(n);
            if (i === 0) break;
            nIsOdd = i % 2;
          }
        }

        x = x.times(x);

        if (k) {
          if (x.c && x.c.length > k) x.c.length = k;
        } else if (isModExp) {
          x = x.mod(m);    //x = x.minus(div(x, m, 0, MODULO_MODE).times(m));
        }
      }

      if (isModExp) return y;
      if (nIsNeg) y = ONE.div(y);

      return m ? y.mod(m) : k ? round(y, POW_PRECISION, ROUNDING_MODE, more) : y;
    };


    /*
     * Return a new BigNumber whose value is the value of this BigNumber rounded to an integer
     * using rounding mode rm, or ROUNDING_MODE if rm is omitted.
     *
     * [rm] {number} Rounding mode. Integer, 0 to 8 inclusive.
     *
     * '[BigNumber Error] Argument {not a primitive number|not an integer|out of range}: {rm}'
     */
    P.integerValue = function (rm) {
      var n = new BigNumber(this);
      if (rm == null) rm = ROUNDING_MODE;
      else intCheck(rm, 0, 8);
      return round(n, n.e + 1, rm);
    };


    /*
     * Return true if the value of this BigNumber is equal to the value of BigNumber(y, b),
     * otherwise return false.
     */
    P.isEqualTo = P.eq = function (y, b) {
      return compare(this, new BigNumber(y, b)) === 0;
    };


    /*
     * Return true if the value of this BigNumber is a finite number, otherwise return false.
     */
    P.isFinite = function () {
      return !!this.c;
    };


    /*
     * Return true if the value of this BigNumber is greater than the value of BigNumber(y, b),
     * otherwise return false.
     */
    P.isGreaterThan = P.gt = function (y, b) {
      return compare(this, new BigNumber(y, b)) > 0;
    };


    /*
     * Return true if the value of this BigNumber is greater than or equal to the value of
     * BigNumber(y, b), otherwise return false.
     */
    P.isGreaterThanOrEqualTo = P.gte = function (y, b) {
      return (b = compare(this, new BigNumber(y, b))) === 1 || b === 0;

    };


    /*
     * Return true if the value of this BigNumber is an integer, otherwise return false.
     */
    P.isInteger = function () {
      return !!this.c && bitFloor(this.e / LOG_BASE) > this.c.length - 2;
    };


    /*
     * Return true if the value of this BigNumber is less than the value of BigNumber(y, b),
     * otherwise return false.
     */
    P.isLessThan = P.lt = function (y, b) {
      return compare(this, new BigNumber(y, b)) < 0;
    };


    /*
     * Return true if the value of this BigNumber is less than or equal to the value of
     * BigNumber(y, b), otherwise return false.
     */
    P.isLessThanOrEqualTo = P.lte = function (y, b) {
      return (b = compare(this, new BigNumber(y, b))) === -1 || b === 0;
    };


    /*
     * Return true if the value of this BigNumber is NaN, otherwise return false.
     */
    P.isNaN = function () {
      return !this.s;
    };


    /*
     * Return true if the value of this BigNumber is negative, otherwise return false.
     */
    P.isNegative = function () {
      return this.s < 0;
    };


    /*
     * Return true if the value of this BigNumber is positive, otherwise return false.
     */
    P.isPositive = function () {
      return this.s > 0;
    };


    /*
     * Return true if the value of this BigNumber is 0 or -0, otherwise return false.
     */
    P.isZero = function () {
      return !!this.c && this.c[0] == 0;
    };


    /*
     *  n - 0 = n
     *  n - N = N
     *  n - I = -I
     *  0 - n = -n
     *  0 - 0 = 0
     *  0 - N = N
     *  0 - I = -I
     *  N - n = N
     *  N - 0 = N
     *  N - N = N
     *  N - I = N
     *  I - n = I
     *  I - 0 = I
     *  I - N = N
     *  I - I = N
     *
     * Return a new BigNumber whose value is the value of this BigNumber minus the value of
     * BigNumber(y, b).
     */
    P.minus = function (y, b) {
      var i, j, t, xLTy,
        x = this,
        a = x.s;

      y = new BigNumber(y, b);
      b = y.s;

      // Either NaN?
      if (!a || !b) return new BigNumber(NaN);

      // Signs differ?
      if (a != b) {
        y.s = -b;
        return x.plus(y);
      }

      var xe = x.e / LOG_BASE,
        ye = y.e / LOG_BASE,
        xc = x.c,
        yc = y.c;

      if (!xe || !ye) {

        // Either Infinity?
        if (!xc || !yc) return xc ? (y.s = -b, y) : new BigNumber(yc ? x : NaN);

        // Either zero?
        if (!xc[0] || !yc[0]) {

          // Return y if y is non-zero, x if x is non-zero, or zero if both are zero.
          return yc[0] ? (y.s = -b, y) : new BigNumber(xc[0] ? x :

           // IEEE 754 (2008) 6.3: n - n = -0 when rounding to -Infinity
           ROUNDING_MODE == 3 ? -0 : 0);
        }
      }

      xe = bitFloor(xe);
      ye = bitFloor(ye);
      xc = xc.slice();

      // Determine which is the bigger number.
      if (a = xe - ye) {

        if (xLTy = a < 0) {
          a = -a;
          t = xc;
        } else {
          ye = xe;
          t = yc;
        }

        t.reverse();

        // Prepend zeros to equalise exponents.
        for (b = a; b--; t.push(0));
        t.reverse();
      } else {

        // Exponents equal. Check digit by digit.
        j = (xLTy = (a = xc.length) < (b = yc.length)) ? a : b;

        for (a = b = 0; b < j; b++) {

          if (xc[b] != yc[b]) {
            xLTy = xc[b] < yc[b];
            break;
          }
        }
      }

      // x < y? Point xc to the array of the bigger number.
      if (xLTy) t = xc, xc = yc, yc = t, y.s = -y.s;

      b = (j = yc.length) - (i = xc.length);

      // Append zeros to xc if shorter.
      // No need to add zeros to yc if shorter as subtract only needs to start at yc.length.
      if (b > 0) for (; b--; xc[i++] = 0);
      b = BASE - 1;

      // Subtract yc from xc.
      for (; j > a;) {

        if (xc[--j] < yc[j]) {
          for (i = j; i && !xc[--i]; xc[i] = b);
          --xc[i];
          xc[j] += BASE;
        }

        xc[j] -= yc[j];
      }

      // Remove leading zeros and adjust exponent accordingly.
      for (; xc[0] == 0; xc.splice(0, 1), --ye);

      // Zero?
      if (!xc[0]) {

        // Following IEEE 754 (2008) 6.3,
        // n - n = +0  but  n - n = -0  when rounding towards -Infinity.
        y.s = ROUNDING_MODE == 3 ? -1 : 1;
        y.c = [y.e = 0];
        return y;
      }

      // No need to check for Infinity as +x - +y != Infinity && -x - -y != Infinity
      // for finite x and y.
      return normalise(y, xc, ye);
    };


    /*
     *   n % 0 =  N
     *   n % N =  N
     *   n % I =  n
     *   0 % n =  0
     *  -0 % n = -0
     *   0 % 0 =  N
     *   0 % N =  N
     *   0 % I =  0
     *   N % n =  N
     *   N % 0 =  N
     *   N % N =  N
     *   N % I =  N
     *   I % n =  N
     *   I % 0 =  N
     *   I % N =  N
     *   I % I =  N
     *
     * Return a new BigNumber whose value is the value of this BigNumber modulo the value of
     * BigNumber(y, b). The result depends on the value of MODULO_MODE.
     */
    P.modulo = P.mod = function (y, b) {
      var q, s,
        x = this;

      y = new BigNumber(y, b);

      // Return NaN if x is Infinity or NaN, or y is NaN or zero.
      if (!x.c || !y.s || y.c && !y.c[0]) {
        return new BigNumber(NaN);

      // Return x if y is Infinity or x is zero.
      } else if (!y.c || x.c && !x.c[0]) {
        return new BigNumber(x);
      }

      if (MODULO_MODE == 9) {

        // Euclidian division: q = sign(y) * floor(x / abs(y))
        // r = x - qy    where  0 <= r < abs(y)
        s = y.s;
        y.s = 1;
        q = div(x, y, 0, 3);
        y.s = s;
        q.s *= s;
      } else {
        q = div(x, y, 0, MODULO_MODE);
      }

      y = x.minus(q.times(y));

      // To match JavaScript %, ensure sign of zero is sign of dividend.
      if (!y.c[0] && MODULO_MODE == 1) y.s = x.s;

      return y;
    };


    /*
     *  n * 0 = 0
     *  n * N = N
     *  n * I = I
     *  0 * n = 0
     *  0 * 0 = 0
     *  0 * N = N
     *  0 * I = N
     *  N * n = N
     *  N * 0 = N
     *  N * N = N
     *  N * I = N
     *  I * n = I
     *  I * 0 = N
     *  I * N = N
     *  I * I = I
     *
     * Return a new BigNumber whose value is the value of this BigNumber multiplied by the value
     * of BigNumber(y, b).
     */
    P.multipliedBy = P.times = function (y, b) {
      var c, e, i, j, k, m, xcL, xlo, xhi, ycL, ylo, yhi, zc,
        base, sqrtBase,
        x = this,
        xc = x.c,
        yc = (y = new BigNumber(y, b)).c;

      // Either NaN, ±Infinity or ±0?
      if (!xc || !yc || !xc[0] || !yc[0]) {

        // Return NaN if either is NaN, or one is 0 and the other is Infinity.
        if (!x.s || !y.s || xc && !xc[0] && !yc || yc && !yc[0] && !xc) {
          y.c = y.e = y.s = null;
        } else {
          y.s *= x.s;

          // Return ±Infinity if either is ±Infinity.
          if (!xc || !yc) {
            y.c = y.e = null;

          // Return ±0 if either is ±0.
          } else {
            y.c = [0];
            y.e = 0;
          }
        }

        return y;
      }

      e = bitFloor(x.e / LOG_BASE) + bitFloor(y.e / LOG_BASE);
      y.s *= x.s;
      xcL = xc.length;
      ycL = yc.length;

      // Ensure xc points to longer array and xcL to its length.
      if (xcL < ycL) zc = xc, xc = yc, yc = zc, i = xcL, xcL = ycL, ycL = i;

      // Initialise the result array with zeros.
      for (i = xcL + ycL, zc = []; i--; zc.push(0));

      base = BASE;
      sqrtBase = SQRT_BASE;

      for (i = ycL; --i >= 0;) {
        c = 0;
        ylo = yc[i] % sqrtBase;
        yhi = yc[i] / sqrtBase | 0;

        for (k = xcL, j = i + k; j > i;) {
          xlo = xc[--k] % sqrtBase;
          xhi = xc[k] / sqrtBase | 0;
          m = yhi * xlo + xhi * ylo;
          xlo = ylo * xlo + ((m % sqrtBase) * sqrtBase) + zc[j] + c;
          c = (xlo / base | 0) + (m / sqrtBase | 0) + yhi * xhi;
          zc[j--] = xlo % base;
        }

        zc[j] = c;
      }

      if (c) {
        ++e;
      } else {
        zc.splice(0, 1);
      }

      return normalise(y, zc, e);
    };


    /*
     * Return a new BigNumber whose value is the value of this BigNumber negated,
     * i.e. multiplied by -1.
     */
    P.negated = function () {
      var x = new BigNumber(this);
      x.s = -x.s || null;
      return x;
    };


    /*
     *  n + 0 = n
     *  n + N = N
     *  n + I = I
     *  0 + n = n
     *  0 + 0 = 0
     *  0 + N = N
     *  0 + I = I
     *  N + n = N
     *  N + 0 = N
     *  N + N = N
     *  N + I = N
     *  I + n = I
     *  I + 0 = I
     *  I + N = N
     *  I + I = I
     *
     * Return a new BigNumber whose value is the value of this BigNumber plus the value of
     * BigNumber(y, b).
     */
    P.plus = function (y, b) {
      var t,
        x = this,
        a = x.s;

      y = new BigNumber(y, b);
      b = y.s;

      // Either NaN?
      if (!a || !b) return new BigNumber(NaN);

      // Signs differ?
       if (a != b) {
        y.s = -b;
        return x.minus(y);
      }

      var xe = x.e / LOG_BASE,
        ye = y.e / LOG_BASE,
        xc = x.c,
        yc = y.c;

      if (!xe || !ye) {

        // Return ±Infinity if either ±Infinity.
        if (!xc || !yc) return new BigNumber(a / 0);

        // Either zero?
        // Return y if y is non-zero, x if x is non-zero, or zero if both are zero.
        if (!xc[0] || !yc[0]) return yc[0] ? y : new BigNumber(xc[0] ? x : a * 0);
      }

      xe = bitFloor(xe);
      ye = bitFloor(ye);
      xc = xc.slice();

      // Prepend zeros to equalise exponents. Faster to use reverse then do unshifts.
      if (a = xe - ye) {
        if (a > 0) {
          ye = xe;
          t = yc;
        } else {
          a = -a;
          t = xc;
        }

        t.reverse();
        for (; a--; t.push(0));
        t.reverse();
      }

      a = xc.length;
      b = yc.length;

      // Point xc to the longer array, and b to the shorter length.
      if (a - b < 0) t = yc, yc = xc, xc = t, b = a;

      // Only start adding at yc.length - 1 as the further digits of xc can be ignored.
      for (a = 0; b;) {
        a = (xc[--b] = xc[b] + yc[b] + a) / BASE | 0;
        xc[b] = BASE === xc[b] ? 0 : xc[b] % BASE;
      }

      if (a) {
        xc = [a].concat(xc);
        ++ye;
      }

      // No need to check for zero, as +x + +y != 0 && -x + -y != 0
      // ye = MAX_EXP + 1 possible
      return normalise(y, xc, ye);
    };


    /*
     * If sd is undefined or null or true or false, return the number of significant digits of
     * the value of this BigNumber, or null if the value of this BigNumber is ±Infinity or NaN.
     * If sd is true include integer-part trailing zeros in the count.
     *
     * Otherwise, if sd is a number, return a new BigNumber whose value is the value of this
     * BigNumber rounded to a maximum of sd significant digits using rounding mode rm, or
     * ROUNDING_MODE if rm is omitted.
     *
     * sd {number|boolean} number: significant digits: integer, 1 to MAX inclusive.
     *                     boolean: whether to count integer-part trailing zeros: true or false.
     * [rm] {number} Rounding mode. Integer, 0 to 8 inclusive.
     *
     * '[BigNumber Error] Argument {not a primitive number|not an integer|out of range}: {sd|rm}'
     */
    P.precision = P.sd = function (sd, rm) {
      var c, n, v,
        x = this;

      if (sd != null && sd !== !!sd) {
        intCheck(sd, 1, MAX);
        if (rm == null) rm = ROUNDING_MODE;
        else intCheck(rm, 0, 8);

        return round(new BigNumber(x), sd, rm);
      }

      if (!(c = x.c)) return null;
      v = c.length - 1;
      n = v * LOG_BASE + 1;

      if (v = c[v]) {

        // Subtract the number of trailing zeros of the last element.
        for (; v % 10 == 0; v /= 10, n--);

        // Add the number of digits of the first element.
        for (v = c[0]; v >= 10; v /= 10, n++);
      }

      if (sd && x.e + 1 > n) n = x.e + 1;

      return n;
    };


    /*
     * Return a new BigNumber whose value is the value of this BigNumber shifted by k places
     * (powers of 10). Shift to the right if n > 0, and to the left if n < 0.
     *
     * k {number} Integer, -MAX_SAFE_INTEGER to MAX_SAFE_INTEGER inclusive.
     *
     * '[BigNumber Error] Argument {not a primitive number|not an integer|out of range}: {k}'
     */
    P.shiftedBy = function (k) {
      intCheck(k, -MAX_SAFE_INTEGER, MAX_SAFE_INTEGER);
      return this.times('1e' + k);
    };


    /*
     *  sqrt(-n) =  N
     *  sqrt(N) =  N
     *  sqrt(-I) =  N
     *  sqrt(I) =  I
     *  sqrt(0) =  0
     *  sqrt(-0) = -0
     *
     * Return a new BigNumber whose value is the square root of the value of this BigNumber,
     * rounded according to DECIMAL_PLACES and ROUNDING_MODE.
     */
    P.squareRoot = P.sqrt = function () {
      var m, n, r, rep, t,
        x = this,
        c = x.c,
        s = x.s,
        e = x.e,
        dp = DECIMAL_PLACES + 4,
        half = new BigNumber('0.5');

      // Negative/NaN/Infinity/zero?
      if (s !== 1 || !c || !c[0]) {
        return new BigNumber(!s || s < 0 && (!c || c[0]) ? NaN : c ? x : 1 / 0);
      }

      // Initial estimate.
      s = Math.sqrt(+valueOf(x));

      // Math.sqrt underflow/overflow?
      // Pass x to Math.sqrt as integer, then adjust the exponent of the result.
      if (s == 0 || s == 1 / 0) {
        n = coeffToString(c);
        if ((n.length + e) % 2 == 0) n += '0';
        s = Math.sqrt(+n);
        e = bitFloor((e + 1) / 2) - (e < 0 || e % 2);

        if (s == 1 / 0) {
          n = '1e' + e;
        } else {
          n = s.toExponential();
          n = n.slice(0, n.indexOf('e') + 1) + e;
        }

        r = new BigNumber(n);
      } else {
        r = new BigNumber(s + '');
      }

      // Check for zero.
      // r could be zero if MIN_EXP is changed after the this value was created.
      // This would cause a division by zero (x/t) and hence Infinity below, which would cause
      // coeffToString to throw.
      if (r.c[0]) {
        e = r.e;
        s = e + dp;
        if (s < 3) s = 0;

        // Newton-Raphson iteration.
        for (; ;) {
          t = r;
          r = half.times(t.plus(div(x, t, dp, 1)));

          if (coeffToString(t.c).slice(0, s) === (n = coeffToString(r.c)).slice(0, s)) {

            // The exponent of r may here be one less than the final result exponent,
            // e.g 0.0009999 (e-4) --> 0.001 (e-3), so adjust s so the rounding digits
            // are indexed correctly.
            if (r.e < e) --s;
            n = n.slice(s - 3, s + 1);

            // The 4th rounding digit may be in error by -1 so if the 4 rounding digits
            // are 9999 or 4999 (i.e. approaching a rounding boundary) continue the
            // iteration.
            if (n == '9999' || !rep && n == '4999') {

              // On the first iteration only, check to see if rounding up gives the
              // exact result as the nines may infinitely repeat.
              if (!rep) {
                round(t, t.e + DECIMAL_PLACES + 2, 0);

                if (t.times(t).eq(x)) {
                  r = t;
                  break;
                }
              }

              dp += 4;
              s += 4;
              rep = 1;
            } else {

              // If rounding digits are null, 0{0,4} or 50{0,3}, check for exact
              // result. If not, then there are further digits and m will be truthy.
              if (!+n || !+n.slice(1) && n.charAt(0) == '5') {

                // Truncate to the first rounding digit.
                round(r, r.e + DECIMAL_PLACES + 2, 1);
                m = !r.times(r).eq(x);
              }

              break;
            }
          }
        }
      }

      return round(r, r.e + DECIMAL_PLACES + 1, ROUNDING_MODE, m);
    };


    /*
     * Return a string representing the value of this BigNumber in exponential notation and
     * rounded using ROUNDING_MODE to dp fixed decimal places.
     *
     * [dp] {number} Decimal places. Integer, 0 to MAX inclusive.
     * [rm] {number} Rounding mode. Integer, 0 to 8 inclusive.
     *
     * '[BigNumber Error] Argument {not a primitive number|not an integer|out of range}: {dp|rm}'
     */
    P.toExponential = function (dp, rm) {
      if (dp != null) {
        intCheck(dp, 0, MAX);
        dp++;
      }
      return format(this, dp, rm, 1);
    };


    /*
     * Return a string representing the value of this BigNumber in fixed-point notation rounding
     * to dp fixed decimal places using rounding mode rm, or ROUNDING_MODE if rm is omitted.
     *
     * Note: as with JavaScript's number type, (-0).toFixed(0) is '0',
     * but e.g. (-0.00001).toFixed(0) is '-0'.
     *
     * [dp] {number} Decimal places. Integer, 0 to MAX inclusive.
     * [rm] {number} Rounding mode. Integer, 0 to 8 inclusive.
     *
     * '[BigNumber Error] Argument {not a primitive number|not an integer|out of range}: {dp|rm}'
     */
    P.toFixed = function (dp, rm) {
      if (dp != null) {
        intCheck(dp, 0, MAX);
        dp = dp + this.e + 1;
      }
      return format(this, dp, rm);
    };


    /*
     * Return a string representing the value of this BigNumber in fixed-point notation rounded
     * using rm or ROUNDING_MODE to dp decimal places, and formatted according to the properties
     * of the format or FORMAT object (see BigNumber.set).
     *
     * The formatting object may contain some or all of the properties shown below.
     *
     * FORMAT = {
     *   prefix: '',
     *   groupSize: 3,
     *   secondaryGroupSize: 0,
     *   groupSeparator: ',',
     *   decimalSeparator: '.',
     *   fractionGroupSize: 0,
     *   fractionGroupSeparator: '\xA0',      // non-breaking space
     *   suffix: ''
     * };
     *
     * [dp] {number} Decimal places. Integer, 0 to MAX inclusive.
     * [rm] {number} Rounding mode. Integer, 0 to 8 inclusive.
     * [format] {object} Formatting options. See FORMAT pbject above.
     *
     * '[BigNumber Error] Argument {not a primitive number|not an integer|out of range}: {dp|rm}'
     * '[BigNumber Error] Argument not an object: {format}'
     */
    P.toFormat = function (dp, rm, format) {
      var str,
        x = this;

      if (format == null) {
        if (dp != null && rm && typeof rm == 'object') {
          format = rm;
          rm = null;
        } else if (dp && typeof dp == 'object') {
          format = dp;
          dp = rm = null;
        } else {
          format = FORMAT;
        }
      } else if (typeof format != 'object') {
        throw Error
          (bignumberError + 'Argument not an object: ' + format);
      }

      str = x.toFixed(dp, rm);

      if (x.c) {
        var i,
          arr = str.split('.'),
          g1 = +format.groupSize,
          g2 = +format.secondaryGroupSize,
          groupSeparator = format.groupSeparator || '',
          intPart = arr[0],
          fractionPart = arr[1],
          isNeg = x.s < 0,
          intDigits = isNeg ? intPart.slice(1) : intPart,
          len = intDigits.length;

        if (g2) i = g1, g1 = g2, g2 = i, len -= i;

        if (g1 > 0 && len > 0) {
          i = len % g1 || g1;
          intPart = intDigits.substr(0, i);
          for (; i < len; i += g1) intPart += groupSeparator + intDigits.substr(i, g1);
          if (g2 > 0) intPart += groupSeparator + intDigits.slice(i);
          if (isNeg) intPart = '-' + intPart;
        }

        str = fractionPart
         ? intPart + (format.decimalSeparator || '') + ((g2 = +format.fractionGroupSize)
          ? fractionPart.replace(new RegExp('\\d{' + g2 + '}\\B', 'g'),
           '$&' + (format.fractionGroupSeparator || ''))
          : fractionPart)
         : intPart;
      }

      return (format.prefix || '') + str + (format.suffix || '');
    };


    /*
     * Return an array of two BigNumbers representing the value of this BigNumber as a simple
     * fraction with an integer numerator and an integer denominator.
     * The denominator will be a positive non-zero value less than or equal to the specified
     * maximum denominator. If a maximum denominator is not specified, the denominator will be
     * the lowest value necessary to represent the number exactly.
     *
     * [md] {number|string|BigNumber} Integer >= 1, or Infinity. The maximum denominator.
     *
     * '[BigNumber Error] Argument {not an integer|out of range} : {md}'
     */
    P.toFraction = function (md) {
      var d, d0, d1, d2, e, exp, n, n0, n1, q, r, s,
        x = this,
        xc = x.c;

      if (md != null) {
        n = new BigNumber(md);

        // Throw if md is less than one or is not an integer, unless it is Infinity.
        if (!n.isInteger() && (n.c || n.s !== 1) || n.lt(ONE)) {
          throw Error
            (bignumberError + 'Argument ' +
              (n.isInteger() ? 'out of range: ' : 'not an integer: ') + valueOf(n));
        }
      }

      if (!xc) return new BigNumber(x);

      d = new BigNumber(ONE);
      n1 = d0 = new BigNumber(ONE);
      d1 = n0 = new BigNumber(ONE);
      s = coeffToString(xc);

      // Determine initial denominator.
      // d is a power of 10 and the minimum max denominator that specifies the value exactly.
      e = d.e = s.length - x.e - 1;
      d.c[0] = POWS_TEN[(exp = e % LOG_BASE) < 0 ? LOG_BASE + exp : exp];
      md = !md || n.comparedTo(d) > 0 ? (e > 0 ? d : n1) : n;

      exp = MAX_EXP;
      MAX_EXP = 1 / 0;
      n = new BigNumber(s);

      // n0 = d1 = 0
      n0.c[0] = 0;

      for (; ;)  {
        q = div(n, d, 0, 1);
        d2 = d0.plus(q.times(d1));
        if (d2.comparedTo(md) == 1) break;
        d0 = d1;
        d1 = d2;
        n1 = n0.plus(q.times(d2 = n1));
        n0 = d2;
        d = n.minus(q.times(d2 = d));
        n = d2;
      }

      d2 = div(md.minus(d0), d1, 0, 1);
      n0 = n0.plus(d2.times(n1));
      d0 = d0.plus(d2.times(d1));
      n0.s = n1.s = x.s;
      e = e * 2;

      // Determine which fraction is closer to x, n0/d0 or n1/d1
      r = div(n1, d1, e, ROUNDING_MODE).minus(x).abs().comparedTo(
          div(n0, d0, e, ROUNDING_MODE).minus(x).abs()) < 1 ? [n1, d1] : [n0, d0];

      MAX_EXP = exp;

      return r;
    };


    /*
     * Return the value of this BigNumber converted to a number primitive.
     */
    P.toNumber = function () {
      return +valueOf(this);
    };


    /*
     * Return a string representing the value of this BigNumber rounded to sd significant digits
     * using rounding mode rm or ROUNDING_MODE. If sd is less than the number of digits
     * necessary to represent the integer part of the value in fixed-point notation, then use
     * exponential notation.
     *
     * [sd] {number} Significant digits. Integer, 1 to MAX inclusive.
     * [rm] {number} Rounding mode. Integer, 0 to 8 inclusive.
     *
     * '[BigNumber Error] Argument {not a primitive number|not an integer|out of range}: {sd|rm}'
     */
    P.toPrecision = function (sd, rm) {
      if (sd != null) intCheck(sd, 1, MAX);
      return format(this, sd, rm, 2);
    };


    /*
     * Return a string representing the value of this BigNumber in base b, or base 10 if b is
     * omitted. If a base is specified, including base 10, round according to DECIMAL_PLACES and
     * ROUNDING_MODE. If a base is not specified, and this BigNumber has a positive exponent
     * that is equal to or greater than TO_EXP_POS, or a negative exponent equal to or less than
     * TO_EXP_NEG, return exponential notation.
     *
     * [b] {number} Integer, 2 to ALPHABET.length inclusive.
     *
     * '[BigNumber Error] Base {not a primitive number|not an integer|out of range}: {b}'
     */
    P.toString = function (b) {
      var str,
        n = this,
        s = n.s,
        e = n.e;

      // Infinity or NaN?
      if (e === null) {
        if (s) {
          str = 'Infinity';
          if (s < 0) str = '-' + str;
        } else {
          str = 'NaN';
        }
      } else {
        if (b == null) {
          str = e <= TO_EXP_NEG || e >= TO_EXP_POS
           ? toExponential(coeffToString(n.c), e)
           : toFixedPoint(coeffToString(n.c), e, '0');
        } else if (b === 10) {
          n = round(new BigNumber(n), DECIMAL_PLACES + e + 1, ROUNDING_MODE);
          str = toFixedPoint(coeffToString(n.c), n.e, '0');
        } else {
          intCheck(b, 2, ALPHABET.length, 'Base');
          str = convertBase(toFixedPoint(coeffToString(n.c), e, '0'), 10, b, s, true);
        }

        if (s < 0 && n.c[0]) str = '-' + str;
      }

      return str;
    };


    /*
     * Return as toString, but do not accept a base argument, and include the minus sign for
     * negative zero.
     */
    P.valueOf = P.toJSON = function () {
      return valueOf(this);
    };


    P._isBigNumber = true;

    if (configObject != null) BigNumber.set(configObject);

    return BigNumber;
  }


  // PRIVATE HELPER FUNCTIONS

  // These functions don't need access to variables,
  // e.g. DECIMAL_PLACES, in the scope of the `clone` function above.


  function bitFloor(n) {
    var i = n | 0;
    return n > 0 || n === i ? i : i - 1;
  }


  // Return a coefficient array as a string of base 10 digits.
  function coeffToString(a) {
    var s, z,
      i = 1,
      j = a.length,
      r = a[0] + '';

    for (; i < j;) {
      s = a[i++] + '';
      z = LOG_BASE - s.length;
      for (; z--; s = '0' + s);
      r += s;
    }

    // Determine trailing zeros.
    for (j = r.length; r.charCodeAt(--j) === 48;);

    return r.slice(0, j + 1 || 1);
  }


  // Compare the value of BigNumbers x and y.
  function compare(x, y) {
    var a, b,
      xc = x.c,
      yc = y.c,
      i = x.s,
      j = y.s,
      k = x.e,
      l = y.e;

    // Either NaN?
    if (!i || !j) return null;

    a = xc && !xc[0];
    b = yc && !yc[0];

    // Either zero?
    if (a || b) return a ? b ? 0 : -j : i;

    // Signs differ?
    if (i != j) return i;

    a = i < 0;
    b = k == l;

    // Either Infinity?
    if (!xc || !yc) return b ? 0 : !xc ^ a ? 1 : -1;

    // Compare exponents.
    if (!b) return k > l ^ a ? 1 : -1;

    j = (k = xc.length) < (l = yc.length) ? k : l;

    // Compare digit by digit.
    for (i = 0; i < j; i++) if (xc[i] != yc[i]) return xc[i] > yc[i] ^ a ? 1 : -1;

    // Compare lengths.
    return k == l ? 0 : k > l ^ a ? 1 : -1;
  }


  /*
   * Check that n is a primitive number, an integer, and in range, otherwise throw.
   */
  function intCheck(n, min, max, name) {
    if (n < min || n > max || n !== mathfloor(n)) {
      throw Error
       (bignumberError + (name || 'Argument') + (typeof n == 'number'
         ? n < min || n > max ? ' out of range: ' : ' not an integer: '
         : ' not a primitive number: ') + String(n));
    }
  }


  // Assumes finite n.
  function isOdd(n) {
    var k = n.c.length - 1;
    return bitFloor(n.e / LOG_BASE) == k && n.c[k] % 2 != 0;
  }


  function toExponential(str, e) {
    return (str.length > 1 ? str.charAt(0) + '.' + str.slice(1) : str) +
     (e < 0 ? 'e' : 'e+') + e;
  }


  function toFixedPoint(str, e, z) {
    var len, zs;

    // Negative exponent?
    if (e < 0) {

      // Prepend zeros.
      for (zs = z + '.'; ++e; zs += z);
      str = zs + str;

    // Positive exponent
    } else {
      len = str.length;

      // Append zeros.
      if (++e > len) {
        for (zs = z, e -= len; --e; zs += z);
        str += zs;
      } else if (e < len) {
        str = str.slice(0, e) + '.' + str.slice(e);
      }
    }

    return str;
  }


  // EXPORT


  BigNumber = clone();
  BigNumber['default'] = BigNumber.BigNumber = BigNumber;

  // AMD.
  if (typeof define == 'function' && define.amd) {
    define(function () { return BigNumber; });

  // Node.js and other environments that support module.exports.
  } else if (typeof module != 'undefined' && module.exports) {
    module.exports = BigNumber;

  // Browser.
  } else {
    if (!globalObject) {
      globalObject = typeof self != 'undefined' && self ? self : window;
    }

    globalObject.BigNumber = BigNumber;
  }
})(this);

},{}],5:[function(require,module,exports){
(function (module, exports) {
  'use strict';

  // Utils
  function assert (val, msg) {
    if (!val) throw new Error(msg || 'Assertion failed');
  }

  // Could use `inherits` module, but don't want to move from single file
  // architecture yet.
  function inherits (ctor, superCtor) {
    ctor.super_ = superCtor;
    var TempCtor = function () {};
    TempCtor.prototype = superCtor.prototype;
    ctor.prototype = new TempCtor();
    ctor.prototype.constructor = ctor;
  }

  // BN

  function BN (number, base, endian) {
    if (BN.isBN(number)) {
      return number;
    }

    this.negative = 0;
    this.words = null;
    this.length = 0;

    // Reduction context
    this.red = null;

    if (number !== null) {
      if (base === 'le' || base === 'be') {
        endian = base;
        base = 10;
      }

      this._init(number || 0, base || 10, endian || 'be');
    }
  }
  if (typeof module === 'object') {
    module.exports = BN;
  } else {
    exports.BN = BN;
  }

  BN.BN = BN;
  BN.wordSize = 26;

  var Buffer;
  try {
    Buffer = require('buffer').Buffer;
  } catch (e) {
  }

  BN.isBN = function isBN (num) {
    if (num instanceof BN) {
      return true;
    }

    return num !== null && typeof num === 'object' &&
      num.constructor.wordSize === BN.wordSize && Array.isArray(num.words);
  };

  BN.max = function max (left, right) {
    if (left.cmp(right) > 0) return left;
    return right;
  };

  BN.min = function min (left, right) {
    if (left.cmp(right) < 0) return left;
    return right;
  };

  BN.prototype._init = function init (number, base, endian) {
    if (typeof number === 'number') {
      return this._initNumber(number, base, endian);
    }

    if (typeof number === 'object') {
      return this._initArray(number, base, endian);
    }

    if (base === 'hex') {
      base = 16;
    }
    assert(base === (base | 0) && base >= 2 && base <= 36);

    number = number.toString().replace(/\s+/g, '');
    var start = 0;
    if (number[0] === '-') {
      start++;
    }

    if (base === 16) {
      this._parseHex(number, start);
    } else {
      this._parseBase(number, base, start);
    }

    if (number[0] === '-') {
      this.negative = 1;
    }

    this.strip();

    if (endian !== 'le') return;

    this._initArray(this.toArray(), base, endian);
  };

  BN.prototype._initNumber = function _initNumber (number, base, endian) {
    if (number < 0) {
      this.negative = 1;
      number = -number;
    }
    if (number < 0x4000000) {
      this.words = [ number & 0x3ffffff ];
      this.length = 1;
    } else if (number < 0x10000000000000) {
      this.words = [
        number & 0x3ffffff,
        (number / 0x4000000) & 0x3ffffff
      ];
      this.length = 2;
    } else {
      assert(number < 0x20000000000000); // 2 ^ 53 (unsafe)
      this.words = [
        number & 0x3ffffff,
        (number / 0x4000000) & 0x3ffffff,
        1
      ];
      this.length = 3;
    }

    if (endian !== 'le') return;

    // Reverse the bytes
    this._initArray(this.toArray(), base, endian);
  };

  BN.prototype._initArray = function _initArray (number, base, endian) {
    // Perhaps a Uint8Array
    assert(typeof number.length === 'number');
    if (number.length <= 0) {
      this.words = [ 0 ];
      this.length = 1;
      return this;
    }

    this.length = Math.ceil(number.length / 3);
    this.words = new Array(this.length);
    for (var i = 0; i < this.length; i++) {
      this.words[i] = 0;
    }

    var j, w;
    var off = 0;
    if (endian === 'be') {
      for (i = number.length - 1, j = 0; i >= 0; i -= 3) {
        w = number[i] | (number[i - 1] << 8) | (number[i - 2] << 16);
        this.words[j] |= (w << off) & 0x3ffffff;
        this.words[j + 1] = (w >>> (26 - off)) & 0x3ffffff;
        off += 24;
        if (off >= 26) {
          off -= 26;
          j++;
        }
      }
    } else if (endian === 'le') {
      for (i = 0, j = 0; i < number.length; i += 3) {
        w = number[i] | (number[i + 1] << 8) | (number[i + 2] << 16);
        this.words[j] |= (w << off) & 0x3ffffff;
        this.words[j + 1] = (w >>> (26 - off)) & 0x3ffffff;
        off += 24;
        if (off >= 26) {
          off -= 26;
          j++;
        }
      }
    }
    return this.strip();
  };

  function parseHex (str, start, end) {
    var r = 0;
    var len = Math.min(str.length, end);
    for (var i = start; i < len; i++) {
      var c = str.charCodeAt(i) - 48;

      r <<= 4;

      // 'a' - 'f'
      if (c >= 49 && c <= 54) {
        r |= c - 49 + 0xa;

      // 'A' - 'F'
      } else if (c >= 17 && c <= 22) {
        r |= c - 17 + 0xa;

      // '0' - '9'
      } else {
        r |= c & 0xf;
      }
    }
    return r;
  }

  BN.prototype._parseHex = function _parseHex (number, start) {
    // Create possibly bigger array to ensure that it fits the number
    this.length = Math.ceil((number.length - start) / 6);
    this.words = new Array(this.length);
    for (var i = 0; i < this.length; i++) {
      this.words[i] = 0;
    }

    var j, w;
    // Scan 24-bit chunks and add them to the number
    var off = 0;
    for (i = number.length - 6, j = 0; i >= start; i -= 6) {
      w = parseHex(number, i, i + 6);
      this.words[j] |= (w << off) & 0x3ffffff;
      // NOTE: `0x3fffff` is intentional here, 26bits max shift + 24bit hex limb
      this.words[j + 1] |= w >>> (26 - off) & 0x3fffff;
      off += 24;
      if (off >= 26) {
        off -= 26;
        j++;
      }
    }
    if (i + 6 !== start) {
      w = parseHex(number, start, i + 6);
      this.words[j] |= (w << off) & 0x3ffffff;
      this.words[j + 1] |= w >>> (26 - off) & 0x3fffff;
    }
    this.strip();
  };

  function parseBase (str, start, end, mul) {
    var r = 0;
    var len = Math.min(str.length, end);
    for (var i = start; i < len; i++) {
      var c = str.charCodeAt(i) - 48;

      r *= mul;

      // 'a'
      if (c >= 49) {
        r += c - 49 + 0xa;

      // 'A'
      } else if (c >= 17) {
        r += c - 17 + 0xa;

      // '0' - '9'
      } else {
        r += c;
      }
    }
    return r;
  }

  BN.prototype._parseBase = function _parseBase (number, base, start) {
    // Initialize as zero
    this.words = [ 0 ];
    this.length = 1;

    // Find length of limb in base
    for (var limbLen = 0, limbPow = 1; limbPow <= 0x3ffffff; limbPow *= base) {
      limbLen++;
    }
    limbLen--;
    limbPow = (limbPow / base) | 0;

    var total = number.length - start;
    var mod = total % limbLen;
    var end = Math.min(total, total - mod) + start;

    var word = 0;
    for (var i = start; i < end; i += limbLen) {
      word = parseBase(number, i, i + limbLen, base);

      this.imuln(limbPow);
      if (this.words[0] + word < 0x4000000) {
        this.words[0] += word;
      } else {
        this._iaddn(word);
      }
    }

    if (mod !== 0) {
      var pow = 1;
      word = parseBase(number, i, number.length, base);

      for (i = 0; i < mod; i++) {
        pow *= base;
      }

      this.imuln(pow);
      if (this.words[0] + word < 0x4000000) {
        this.words[0] += word;
      } else {
        this._iaddn(word);
      }
    }
  };

  BN.prototype.copy = function copy (dest) {
    dest.words = new Array(this.length);
    for (var i = 0; i < this.length; i++) {
      dest.words[i] = this.words[i];
    }
    dest.length = this.length;
    dest.negative = this.negative;
    dest.red = this.red;
  };

  BN.prototype.clone = function clone () {
    var r = new BN(null);
    this.copy(r);
    return r;
  };

  BN.prototype._expand = function _expand (size) {
    while (this.length < size) {
      this.words[this.length++] = 0;
    }
    return this;
  };

  // Remove leading `0` from `this`
  BN.prototype.strip = function strip () {
    while (this.length > 1 && this.words[this.length - 1] === 0) {
      this.length--;
    }
    return this._normSign();
  };

  BN.prototype._normSign = function _normSign () {
    // -0 = 0
    if (this.length === 1 && this.words[0] === 0) {
      this.negative = 0;
    }
    return this;
  };

  BN.prototype.inspect = function inspect () {
    return (this.red ? '<BN-R: ' : '<BN: ') + this.toString(16) + '>';
  };

  /*

  var zeros = [];
  var groupSizes = [];
  var groupBases = [];

  var s = '';
  var i = -1;
  while (++i < BN.wordSize) {
    zeros[i] = s;
    s += '0';
  }
  groupSizes[0] = 0;
  groupSizes[1] = 0;
  groupBases[0] = 0;
  groupBases[1] = 0;
  var base = 2 - 1;
  while (++base < 36 + 1) {
    var groupSize = 0;
    var groupBase = 1;
    while (groupBase < (1 << BN.wordSize) / base) {
      groupBase *= base;
      groupSize += 1;
    }
    groupSizes[base] = groupSize;
    groupBases[base] = groupBase;
  }

  */

  var zeros = [
    '',
    '0',
    '00',
    '000',
    '0000',
    '00000',
    '000000',
    '0000000',
    '00000000',
    '000000000',
    '0000000000',
    '00000000000',
    '000000000000',
    '0000000000000',
    '00000000000000',
    '000000000000000',
    '0000000000000000',
    '00000000000000000',
    '000000000000000000',
    '0000000000000000000',
    '00000000000000000000',
    '000000000000000000000',
    '0000000000000000000000',
    '00000000000000000000000',
    '000000000000000000000000',
    '0000000000000000000000000'
  ];

  var groupSizes = [
    0, 0,
    25, 16, 12, 11, 10, 9, 8,
    8, 7, 7, 7, 7, 6, 6,
    6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 5, 5,
    5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5,
    5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5
  ];

  var groupBases = [
    0, 0,
    33554432, 43046721, 16777216, 48828125, 60466176, 40353607, 16777216,
    43046721, 10000000, 19487171, 35831808, 62748517, 7529536, 11390625,
    16777216, 24137569, 34012224, 47045881, 64000000, 4084101, 5153632,
    6436343, 7962624, 9765625, 11881376, 14348907, 17210368, 20511149,
    24300000, 28629151, 33554432, 39135393, 45435424, 52521875, 60466176
  ];

  BN.prototype.toString = function toString (base, padding) {
    base = base || 10;
    padding = padding | 0 || 1;

    var out;
    if (base === 16 || base === 'hex') {
      out = '';
      var off = 0;
      var carry = 0;
      for (var i = 0; i < this.length; i++) {
        var w = this.words[i];
        var word = (((w << off) | carry) & 0xffffff).toString(16);
        carry = (w >>> (24 - off)) & 0xffffff;
        if (carry !== 0 || i !== this.length - 1) {
          out = zeros[6 - word.length] + word + out;
        } else {
          out = word + out;
        }
        off += 2;
        if (off >= 26) {
          off -= 26;
          i--;
        }
      }
      if (carry !== 0) {
        out = carry.toString(16) + out;
      }
      while (out.length % padding !== 0) {
        out = '0' + out;
      }
      if (this.negative !== 0) {
        out = '-' + out;
      }
      return out;
    }

    if (base === (base | 0) && base >= 2 && base <= 36) {
      // var groupSize = Math.floor(BN.wordSize * Math.LN2 / Math.log(base));
      var groupSize = groupSizes[base];
      // var groupBase = Math.pow(base, groupSize);
      var groupBase = groupBases[base];
      out = '';
      var c = this.clone();
      c.negative = 0;
      while (!c.isZero()) {
        var r = c.modn(groupBase).toString(base);
        c = c.idivn(groupBase);

        if (!c.isZero()) {
          out = zeros[groupSize - r.length] + r + out;
        } else {
          out = r + out;
        }
      }
      if (this.isZero()) {
        out = '0' + out;
      }
      while (out.length % padding !== 0) {
        out = '0' + out;
      }
      if (this.negative !== 0) {
        out = '-' + out;
      }
      return out;
    }

    assert(false, 'Base should be between 2 and 36');
  };

  BN.prototype.toNumber = function toNumber () {
    var ret = this.words[0];
    if (this.length === 2) {
      ret += this.words[1] * 0x4000000;
    } else if (this.length === 3 && this.words[2] === 0x01) {
      // NOTE: at this stage it is known that the top bit is set
      ret += 0x10000000000000 + (this.words[1] * 0x4000000);
    } else if (this.length > 2) {
      assert(false, 'Number can only safely store up to 53 bits');
    }
    return (this.negative !== 0) ? -ret : ret;
  };

  BN.prototype.toJSON = function toJSON () {
    return this.toString(16);
  };

  BN.prototype.toBuffer = function toBuffer (endian, length) {
    assert(typeof Buffer !== 'undefined');
    return this.toArrayLike(Buffer, endian, length);
  };

  BN.prototype.toArray = function toArray (endian, length) {
    return this.toArrayLike(Array, endian, length);
  };

  BN.prototype.toArrayLike = function toArrayLike (ArrayType, endian, length) {
    var byteLength = this.byteLength();
    var reqLength = length || Math.max(1, byteLength);
    assert(byteLength <= reqLength, 'byte array longer than desired length');
    assert(reqLength > 0, 'Requested array length <= 0');

    this.strip();
    var littleEndian = endian === 'le';
    var res = new ArrayType(reqLength);

    var b, i;
    var q = this.clone();
    if (!littleEndian) {
      // Assume big-endian
      for (i = 0; i < reqLength - byteLength; i++) {
        res[i] = 0;
      }

      for (i = 0; !q.isZero(); i++) {
        b = q.andln(0xff);
        q.iushrn(8);

        res[reqLength - i - 1] = b;
      }
    } else {
      for (i = 0; !q.isZero(); i++) {
        b = q.andln(0xff);
        q.iushrn(8);

        res[i] = b;
      }

      for (; i < reqLength; i++) {
        res[i] = 0;
      }
    }

    return res;
  };

  if (Math.clz32) {
    BN.prototype._countBits = function _countBits (w) {
      return 32 - Math.clz32(w);
    };
  } else {
    BN.prototype._countBits = function _countBits (w) {
      var t = w;
      var r = 0;
      if (t >= 0x1000) {
        r += 13;
        t >>>= 13;
      }
      if (t >= 0x40) {
        r += 7;
        t >>>= 7;
      }
      if (t >= 0x8) {
        r += 4;
        t >>>= 4;
      }
      if (t >= 0x02) {
        r += 2;
        t >>>= 2;
      }
      return r + t;
    };
  }

  BN.prototype._zeroBits = function _zeroBits (w) {
    // Short-cut
    if (w === 0) return 26;

    var t = w;
    var r = 0;
    if ((t & 0x1fff) === 0) {
      r += 13;
      t >>>= 13;
    }
    if ((t & 0x7f) === 0) {
      r += 7;
      t >>>= 7;
    }
    if ((t & 0xf) === 0) {
      r += 4;
      t >>>= 4;
    }
    if ((t & 0x3) === 0) {
      r += 2;
      t >>>= 2;
    }
    if ((t & 0x1) === 0) {
      r++;
    }
    return r;
  };

  // Return number of used bits in a BN
  BN.prototype.bitLength = function bitLength () {
    var w = this.words[this.length - 1];
    var hi = this._countBits(w);
    return (this.length - 1) * 26 + hi;
  };

  function toBitArray (num) {
    var w = new Array(num.bitLength());

    for (var bit = 0; bit < w.length; bit++) {
      var off = (bit / 26) | 0;
      var wbit = bit % 26;

      w[bit] = (num.words[off] & (1 << wbit)) >>> wbit;
    }

    return w;
  }

  // Number of trailing zero bits
  BN.prototype.zeroBits = function zeroBits () {
    if (this.isZero()) return 0;

    var r = 0;
    for (var i = 0; i < this.length; i++) {
      var b = this._zeroBits(this.words[i]);
      r += b;
      if (b !== 26) break;
    }
    return r;
  };

  BN.prototype.byteLength = function byteLength () {
    return Math.ceil(this.bitLength() / 8);
  };

  BN.prototype.toTwos = function toTwos (width) {
    if (this.negative !== 0) {
      return this.abs().inotn(width).iaddn(1);
    }
    return this.clone();
  };

  BN.prototype.fromTwos = function fromTwos (width) {
    if (this.testn(width - 1)) {
      return this.notn(width).iaddn(1).ineg();
    }
    return this.clone();
  };

  BN.prototype.isNeg = function isNeg () {
    return this.negative !== 0;
  };

  // Return negative clone of `this`
  BN.prototype.neg = function neg () {
    return this.clone().ineg();
  };

  BN.prototype.ineg = function ineg () {
    if (!this.isZero()) {
      this.negative ^= 1;
    }

    return this;
  };

  // Or `num` with `this` in-place
  BN.prototype.iuor = function iuor (num) {
    while (this.length < num.length) {
      this.words[this.length++] = 0;
    }

    for (var i = 0; i < num.length; i++) {
      this.words[i] = this.words[i] | num.words[i];
    }

    return this.strip();
  };

  BN.prototype.ior = function ior (num) {
    assert((this.negative | num.negative) === 0);
    return this.iuor(num);
  };

  // Or `num` with `this`
  BN.prototype.or = function or (num) {
    if (this.length > num.length) return this.clone().ior(num);
    return num.clone().ior(this);
  };

  BN.prototype.uor = function uor (num) {
    if (this.length > num.length) return this.clone().iuor(num);
    return num.clone().iuor(this);
  };

  // And `num` with `this` in-place
  BN.prototype.iuand = function iuand (num) {
    // b = min-length(num, this)
    var b;
    if (this.length > num.length) {
      b = num;
    } else {
      b = this;
    }

    for (var i = 0; i < b.length; i++) {
      this.words[i] = this.words[i] & num.words[i];
    }

    this.length = b.length;

    return this.strip();
  };

  BN.prototype.iand = function iand (num) {
    assert((this.negative | num.negative) === 0);
    return this.iuand(num);
  };

  // And `num` with `this`
  BN.prototype.and = function and (num) {
    if (this.length > num.length) return this.clone().iand(num);
    return num.clone().iand(this);
  };

  BN.prototype.uand = function uand (num) {
    if (this.length > num.length) return this.clone().iuand(num);
    return num.clone().iuand(this);
  };

  // Xor `num` with `this` in-place
  BN.prototype.iuxor = function iuxor (num) {
    // a.length > b.length
    var a;
    var b;
    if (this.length > num.length) {
      a = this;
      b = num;
    } else {
      a = num;
      b = this;
    }

    for (var i = 0; i < b.length; i++) {
      this.words[i] = a.words[i] ^ b.words[i];
    }

    if (this !== a) {
      for (; i < a.length; i++) {
        this.words[i] = a.words[i];
      }
    }

    this.length = a.length;

    return this.strip();
  };

  BN.prototype.ixor = function ixor (num) {
    assert((this.negative | num.negative) === 0);
    return this.iuxor(num);
  };

  // Xor `num` with `this`
  BN.prototype.xor = function xor (num) {
    if (this.length > num.length) return this.clone().ixor(num);
    return num.clone().ixor(this);
  };

  BN.prototype.uxor = function uxor (num) {
    if (this.length > num.length) return this.clone().iuxor(num);
    return num.clone().iuxor(this);
  };

  // Not ``this`` with ``width`` bitwidth
  BN.prototype.inotn = function inotn (width) {
    assert(typeof width === 'number' && width >= 0);

    var bytesNeeded = Math.ceil(width / 26) | 0;
    var bitsLeft = width % 26;

    // Extend the buffer with leading zeroes
    this._expand(bytesNeeded);

    if (bitsLeft > 0) {
      bytesNeeded--;
    }

    // Handle complete words
    for (var i = 0; i < bytesNeeded; i++) {
      this.words[i] = ~this.words[i] & 0x3ffffff;
    }

    // Handle the residue
    if (bitsLeft > 0) {
      this.words[i] = ~this.words[i] & (0x3ffffff >> (26 - bitsLeft));
    }

    // And remove leading zeroes
    return this.strip();
  };

  BN.prototype.notn = function notn (width) {
    return this.clone().inotn(width);
  };

  // Set `bit` of `this`
  BN.prototype.setn = function setn (bit, val) {
    assert(typeof bit === 'number' && bit >= 0);

    var off = (bit / 26) | 0;
    var wbit = bit % 26;

    this._expand(off + 1);

    if (val) {
      this.words[off] = this.words[off] | (1 << wbit);
    } else {
      this.words[off] = this.words[off] & ~(1 << wbit);
    }

    return this.strip();
  };

  // Add `num` to `this` in-place
  BN.prototype.iadd = function iadd (num) {
    var r;

    // negative + positive
    if (this.negative !== 0 && num.negative === 0) {
      this.negative = 0;
      r = this.isub(num);
      this.negative ^= 1;
      return this._normSign();

    // positive + negative
    } else if (this.negative === 0 && num.negative !== 0) {
      num.negative = 0;
      r = this.isub(num);
      num.negative = 1;
      return r._normSign();
    }

    // a.length > b.length
    var a, b;
    if (this.length > num.length) {
      a = this;
      b = num;
    } else {
      a = num;
      b = this;
    }

    var carry = 0;
    for (var i = 0; i < b.length; i++) {
      r = (a.words[i] | 0) + (b.words[i] | 0) + carry;
      this.words[i] = r & 0x3ffffff;
      carry = r >>> 26;
    }
    for (; carry !== 0 && i < a.length; i++) {
      r = (a.words[i] | 0) + carry;
      this.words[i] = r & 0x3ffffff;
      carry = r >>> 26;
    }

    this.length = a.length;
    if (carry !== 0) {
      this.words[this.length] = carry;
      this.length++;
    // Copy the rest of the words
    } else if (a !== this) {
      for (; i < a.length; i++) {
        this.words[i] = a.words[i];
      }
    }

    return this;
  };

  // Add `num` to `this`
  BN.prototype.add = function add (num) {
    var res;
    if (num.negative !== 0 && this.negative === 0) {
      num.negative = 0;
      res = this.sub(num);
      num.negative ^= 1;
      return res;
    } else if (num.negative === 0 && this.negative !== 0) {
      this.negative = 0;
      res = num.sub(this);
      this.negative = 1;
      return res;
    }

    if (this.length > num.length) return this.clone().iadd(num);

    return num.clone().iadd(this);
  };

  // Subtract `num` from `this` in-place
  BN.prototype.isub = function isub (num) {
    // this - (-num) = this + num
    if (num.negative !== 0) {
      num.negative = 0;
      var r = this.iadd(num);
      num.negative = 1;
      return r._normSign();

    // -this - num = -(this + num)
    } else if (this.negative !== 0) {
      this.negative = 0;
      this.iadd(num);
      this.negative = 1;
      return this._normSign();
    }

    // At this point both numbers are positive
    var cmp = this.cmp(num);

    // Optimization - zeroify
    if (cmp === 0) {
      this.negative = 0;
      this.length = 1;
      this.words[0] = 0;
      return this;
    }

    // a > b
    var a, b;
    if (cmp > 0) {
      a = this;
      b = num;
    } else {
      a = num;
      b = this;
    }

    var carry = 0;
    for (var i = 0; i < b.length; i++) {
      r = (a.words[i] | 0) - (b.words[i] | 0) + carry;
      carry = r >> 26;
      this.words[i] = r & 0x3ffffff;
    }
    for (; carry !== 0 && i < a.length; i++) {
      r = (a.words[i] | 0) + carry;
      carry = r >> 26;
      this.words[i] = r & 0x3ffffff;
    }

    // Copy rest of the words
    if (carry === 0 && i < a.length && a !== this) {
      for (; i < a.length; i++) {
        this.words[i] = a.words[i];
      }
    }

    this.length = Math.max(this.length, i);

    if (a !== this) {
      this.negative = 1;
    }

    return this.strip();
  };

  // Subtract `num` from `this`
  BN.prototype.sub = function sub (num) {
    return this.clone().isub(num);
  };

  function smallMulTo (self, num, out) {
    out.negative = num.negative ^ self.negative;
    var len = (self.length + num.length) | 0;
    out.length = len;
    len = (len - 1) | 0;

    // Peel one iteration (compiler can't do it, because of code complexity)
    var a = self.words[0] | 0;
    var b = num.words[0] | 0;
    var r = a * b;

    var lo = r & 0x3ffffff;
    var carry = (r / 0x4000000) | 0;
    out.words[0] = lo;

    for (var k = 1; k < len; k++) {
      // Sum all words with the same `i + j = k` and accumulate `ncarry`,
      // note that ncarry could be >= 0x3ffffff
      var ncarry = carry >>> 26;
      var rword = carry & 0x3ffffff;
      var maxJ = Math.min(k, num.length - 1);
      for (var j = Math.max(0, k - self.length + 1); j <= maxJ; j++) {
        var i = (k - j) | 0;
        a = self.words[i] | 0;
        b = num.words[j] | 0;
        r = a * b + rword;
        ncarry += (r / 0x4000000) | 0;
        rword = r & 0x3ffffff;
      }
      out.words[k] = rword | 0;
      carry = ncarry | 0;
    }
    if (carry !== 0) {
      out.words[k] = carry | 0;
    } else {
      out.length--;
    }

    return out.strip();
  }

  // TODO(indutny): it may be reasonable to omit it for users who don't need
  // to work with 256-bit numbers, otherwise it gives 20% improvement for 256-bit
  // multiplication (like elliptic secp256k1).
  var comb10MulTo = function comb10MulTo (self, num, out) {
    var a = self.words;
    var b = num.words;
    var o = out.words;
    var c = 0;
    var lo;
    var mid;
    var hi;
    var a0 = a[0] | 0;
    var al0 = a0 & 0x1fff;
    var ah0 = a0 >>> 13;
    var a1 = a[1] | 0;
    var al1 = a1 & 0x1fff;
    var ah1 = a1 >>> 13;
    var a2 = a[2] | 0;
    var al2 = a2 & 0x1fff;
    var ah2 = a2 >>> 13;
    var a3 = a[3] | 0;
    var al3 = a3 & 0x1fff;
    var ah3 = a3 >>> 13;
    var a4 = a[4] | 0;
    var al4 = a4 & 0x1fff;
    var ah4 = a4 >>> 13;
    var a5 = a[5] | 0;
    var al5 = a5 & 0x1fff;
    var ah5 = a5 >>> 13;
    var a6 = a[6] | 0;
    var al6 = a6 & 0x1fff;
    var ah6 = a6 >>> 13;
    var a7 = a[7] | 0;
    var al7 = a7 & 0x1fff;
    var ah7 = a7 >>> 13;
    var a8 = a[8] | 0;
    var al8 = a8 & 0x1fff;
    var ah8 = a8 >>> 13;
    var a9 = a[9] | 0;
    var al9 = a9 & 0x1fff;
    var ah9 = a9 >>> 13;
    var b0 = b[0] | 0;
    var bl0 = b0 & 0x1fff;
    var bh0 = b0 >>> 13;
    var b1 = b[1] | 0;
    var bl1 = b1 & 0x1fff;
    var bh1 = b1 >>> 13;
    var b2 = b[2] | 0;
    var bl2 = b2 & 0x1fff;
    var bh2 = b2 >>> 13;
    var b3 = b[3] | 0;
    var bl3 = b3 & 0x1fff;
    var bh3 = b3 >>> 13;
    var b4 = b[4] | 0;
    var bl4 = b4 & 0x1fff;
    var bh4 = b4 >>> 13;
    var b5 = b[5] | 0;
    var bl5 = b5 & 0x1fff;
    var bh5 = b5 >>> 13;
    var b6 = b[6] | 0;
    var bl6 = b6 & 0x1fff;
    var bh6 = b6 >>> 13;
    var b7 = b[7] | 0;
    var bl7 = b7 & 0x1fff;
    var bh7 = b7 >>> 13;
    var b8 = b[8] | 0;
    var bl8 = b8 & 0x1fff;
    var bh8 = b8 >>> 13;
    var b9 = b[9] | 0;
    var bl9 = b9 & 0x1fff;
    var bh9 = b9 >>> 13;

    out.negative = self.negative ^ num.negative;
    out.length = 19;
    /* k = 0 */
    lo = Math.imul(al0, bl0);
    mid = Math.imul(al0, bh0);
    mid = (mid + Math.imul(ah0, bl0)) | 0;
    hi = Math.imul(ah0, bh0);
    var w0 = (((c + lo) | 0) + ((mid & 0x1fff) << 13)) | 0;
    c = (((hi + (mid >>> 13)) | 0) + (w0 >>> 26)) | 0;
    w0 &= 0x3ffffff;
    /* k = 1 */
    lo = Math.imul(al1, bl0);
    mid = Math.imul(al1, bh0);
    mid = (mid + Math.imul(ah1, bl0)) | 0;
    hi = Math.imul(ah1, bh0);
    lo = (lo + Math.imul(al0, bl1)) | 0;
    mid = (mid + Math.imul(al0, bh1)) | 0;
    mid = (mid + Math.imul(ah0, bl1)) | 0;
    hi = (hi + Math.imul(ah0, bh1)) | 0;
    var w1 = (((c + lo) | 0) + ((mid & 0x1fff) << 13)) | 0;
    c = (((hi + (mid >>> 13)) | 0) + (w1 >>> 26)) | 0;
    w1 &= 0x3ffffff;
    /* k = 2 */
    lo = Math.imul(al2, bl0);
    mid = Math.imul(al2, bh0);
    mid = (mid + Math.imul(ah2, bl0)) | 0;
    hi = Math.imul(ah2, bh0);
    lo = (lo + Math.imul(al1, bl1)) | 0;
    mid = (mid + Math.imul(al1, bh1)) | 0;
    mid = (mid + Math.imul(ah1, bl1)) | 0;
    hi = (hi + Math.imul(ah1, bh1)) | 0;
    lo = (lo + Math.imul(al0, bl2)) | 0;
    mid = (mid + Math.imul(al0, bh2)) | 0;
    mid = (mid + Math.imul(ah0, bl2)) | 0;
    hi = (hi + Math.imul(ah0, bh2)) | 0;
    var w2 = (((c + lo) | 0) + ((mid & 0x1fff) << 13)) | 0;
    c = (((hi + (mid >>> 13)) | 0) + (w2 >>> 26)) | 0;
    w2 &= 0x3ffffff;
    /* k = 3 */
    lo = Math.imul(al3, bl0);
    mid = Math.imul(al3, bh0);
    mid = (mid + Math.imul(ah3, bl0)) | 0;
    hi = Math.imul(ah3, bh0);
    lo = (lo + Math.imul(al2, bl1)) | 0;
    mid = (mid + Math.imul(al2, bh1)) | 0;
    mid = (mid + Math.imul(ah2, bl1)) | 0;
    hi = (hi + Math.imul(ah2, bh1)) | 0;
    lo = (lo + Math.imul(al1, bl2)) | 0;
    mid = (mid + Math.imul(al1, bh2)) | 0;
    mid = (mid + Math.imul(ah1, bl2)) | 0;
    hi = (hi + Math.imul(ah1, bh2)) | 0;
    lo = (lo + Math.imul(al0, bl3)) | 0;
    mid = (mid + Math.imul(al0, bh3)) | 0;
    mid = (mid + Math.imul(ah0, bl3)) | 0;
    hi = (hi + Math.imul(ah0, bh3)) | 0;
    var w3 = (((c + lo) | 0) + ((mid & 0x1fff) << 13)) | 0;
    c = (((hi + (mid >>> 13)) | 0) + (w3 >>> 26)) | 0;
    w3 &= 0x3ffffff;
    /* k = 4 */
    lo = Math.imul(al4, bl0);
    mid = Math.imul(al4, bh0);
    mid = (mid + Math.imul(ah4, bl0)) | 0;
    hi = Math.imul(ah4, bh0);
    lo = (lo + Math.imul(al3, bl1)) | 0;
    mid = (mid + Math.imul(al3, bh1)) | 0;
    mid = (mid + Math.imul(ah3, bl1)) | 0;
    hi = (hi + Math.imul(ah3, bh1)) | 0;
    lo = (lo + Math.imul(al2, bl2)) | 0;
    mid = (mid + Math.imul(al2, bh2)) | 0;
    mid = (mid + Math.imul(ah2, bl2)) | 0;
    hi = (hi + Math.imul(ah2, bh2)) | 0;
    lo = (lo + Math.imul(al1, bl3)) | 0;
    mid = (mid + Math.imul(al1, bh3)) | 0;
    mid = (mid + Math.imul(ah1, bl3)) | 0;
    hi = (hi + Math.imul(ah1, bh3)) | 0;
    lo = (lo + Math.imul(al0, bl4)) | 0;
    mid = (mid + Math.imul(al0, bh4)) | 0;
    mid = (mid + Math.imul(ah0, bl4)) | 0;
    hi = (hi + Math.imul(ah0, bh4)) | 0;
    var w4 = (((c + lo) | 0) + ((mid & 0x1fff) << 13)) | 0;
    c = (((hi + (mid >>> 13)) | 0) + (w4 >>> 26)) | 0;
    w4 &= 0x3ffffff;
    /* k = 5 */
    lo = Math.imul(al5, bl0);
    mid = Math.imul(al5, bh0);
    mid = (mid + Math.imul(ah5, bl0)) | 0;
    hi = Math.imul(ah5, bh0);
    lo = (lo + Math.imul(al4, bl1)) | 0;
    mid = (mid + Math.imul(al4, bh1)) | 0;
    mid = (mid + Math.imul(ah4, bl1)) | 0;
    hi = (hi + Math.imul(ah4, bh1)) | 0;
    lo = (lo + Math.imul(al3, bl2)) | 0;
    mid = (mid + Math.imul(al3, bh2)) | 0;
    mid = (mid + Math.imul(ah3, bl2)) | 0;
    hi = (hi + Math.imul(ah3, bh2)) | 0;
    lo = (lo + Math.imul(al2, bl3)) | 0;
    mid = (mid + Math.imul(al2, bh3)) | 0;
    mid = (mid + Math.imul(ah2, bl3)) | 0;
    hi = (hi + Math.imul(ah2, bh3)) | 0;
    lo = (lo + Math.imul(al1, bl4)) | 0;
    mid = (mid + Math.imul(al1, bh4)) | 0;
    mid = (mid + Math.imul(ah1, bl4)) | 0;
    hi = (hi + Math.imul(ah1, bh4)) | 0;
    lo = (lo + Math.imul(al0, bl5)) | 0;
    mid = (mid + Math.imul(al0, bh5)) | 0;
    mid = (mid + Math.imul(ah0, bl5)) | 0;
    hi = (hi + Math.imul(ah0, bh5)) | 0;
    var w5 = (((c + lo) | 0) + ((mid & 0x1fff) << 13)) | 0;
    c = (((hi + (mid >>> 13)) | 0) + (w5 >>> 26)) | 0;
    w5 &= 0x3ffffff;
    /* k = 6 */
    lo = Math.imul(al6, bl0);
    mid = Math.imul(al6, bh0);
    mid = (mid + Math.imul(ah6, bl0)) | 0;
    hi = Math.imul(ah6, bh0);
    lo = (lo + Math.imul(al5, bl1)) | 0;
    mid = (mid + Math.imul(al5, bh1)) | 0;
    mid = (mid + Math.imul(ah5, bl1)) | 0;
    hi = (hi + Math.imul(ah5, bh1)) | 0;
    lo = (lo + Math.imul(al4, bl2)) | 0;
    mid = (mid + Math.imul(al4, bh2)) | 0;
    mid = (mid + Math.imul(ah4, bl2)) | 0;
    hi = (hi + Math.imul(ah4, bh2)) | 0;
    lo = (lo + Math.imul(al3, bl3)) | 0;
    mid = (mid + Math.imul(al3, bh3)) | 0;
    mid = (mid + Math.imul(ah3, bl3)) | 0;
    hi = (hi + Math.imul(ah3, bh3)) | 0;
    lo = (lo + Math.imul(al2, bl4)) | 0;
    mid = (mid + Math.imul(al2, bh4)) | 0;
    mid = (mid + Math.imul(ah2, bl4)) | 0;
    hi = (hi + Math.imul(ah2, bh4)) | 0;
    lo = (lo + Math.imul(al1, bl5)) | 0;
    mid = (mid + Math.imul(al1, bh5)) | 0;
    mid = (mid + Math.imul(ah1, bl5)) | 0;
    hi = (hi + Math.imul(ah1, bh5)) | 0;
    lo = (lo + Math.imul(al0, bl6)) | 0;
    mid = (mid + Math.imul(al0, bh6)) | 0;
    mid = (mid + Math.imul(ah0, bl6)) | 0;
    hi = (hi + Math.imul(ah0, bh6)) | 0;
    var w6 = (((c + lo) | 0) + ((mid & 0x1fff) << 13)) | 0;
    c = (((hi + (mid >>> 13)) | 0) + (w6 >>> 26)) | 0;
    w6 &= 0x3ffffff;
    /* k = 7 */
    lo = Math.imul(al7, bl0);
    mid = Math.imul(al7, bh0);
    mid = (mid + Math.imul(ah7, bl0)) | 0;
    hi = Math.imul(ah7, bh0);
    lo = (lo + Math.imul(al6, bl1)) | 0;
    mid = (mid + Math.imul(al6, bh1)) | 0;
    mid = (mid + Math.imul(ah6, bl1)) | 0;
    hi = (hi + Math.imul(ah6, bh1)) | 0;
    lo = (lo + Math.imul(al5, bl2)) | 0;
    mid = (mid + Math.imul(al5, bh2)) | 0;
    mid = (mid + Math.imul(ah5, bl2)) | 0;
    hi = (hi + Math.imul(ah5, bh2)) | 0;
    lo = (lo + Math.imul(al4, bl3)) | 0;
    mid = (mid + Math.imul(al4, bh3)) | 0;
    mid = (mid + Math.imul(ah4, bl3)) | 0;
    hi = (hi + Math.imul(ah4, bh3)) | 0;
    lo = (lo + Math.imul(al3, bl4)) | 0;
    mid = (mid + Math.imul(al3, bh4)) | 0;
    mid = (mid + Math.imul(ah3, bl4)) | 0;
    hi = (hi + Math.imul(ah3, bh4)) | 0;
    lo = (lo + Math.imul(al2, bl5)) | 0;
    mid = (mid + Math.imul(al2, bh5)) | 0;
    mid = (mid + Math.imul(ah2, bl5)) | 0;
    hi = (hi + Math.imul(ah2, bh5)) | 0;
    lo = (lo + Math.imul(al1, bl6)) | 0;
    mid = (mid + Math.imul(al1, bh6)) | 0;
    mid = (mid + Math.imul(ah1, bl6)) | 0;
    hi = (hi + Math.imul(ah1, bh6)) | 0;
    lo = (lo + Math.imul(al0, bl7)) | 0;
    mid = (mid + Math.imul(al0, bh7)) | 0;
    mid = (mid + Math.imul(ah0, bl7)) | 0;
    hi = (hi + Math.imul(ah0, bh7)) | 0;
    var w7 = (((c + lo) | 0) + ((mid & 0x1fff) << 13)) | 0;
    c = (((hi + (mid >>> 13)) | 0) + (w7 >>> 26)) | 0;
    w7 &= 0x3ffffff;
    /* k = 8 */
    lo = Math.imul(al8, bl0);
    mid = Math.imul(al8, bh0);
    mid = (mid + Math.imul(ah8, bl0)) | 0;
    hi = Math.imul(ah8, bh0);
    lo = (lo + Math.imul(al7, bl1)) | 0;
    mid = (mid + Math.imul(al7, bh1)) | 0;
    mid = (mid + Math.imul(ah7, bl1)) | 0;
    hi = (hi + Math.imul(ah7, bh1)) | 0;
    lo = (lo + Math.imul(al6, bl2)) | 0;
    mid = (mid + Math.imul(al6, bh2)) | 0;
    mid = (mid + Math.imul(ah6, bl2)) | 0;
    hi = (hi + Math.imul(ah6, bh2)) | 0;
    lo = (lo + Math.imul(al5, bl3)) | 0;
    mid = (mid + Math.imul(al5, bh3)) | 0;
    mid = (mid + Math.imul(ah5, bl3)) | 0;
    hi = (hi + Math.imul(ah5, bh3)) | 0;
    lo = (lo + Math.imul(al4, bl4)) | 0;
    mid = (mid + Math.imul(al4, bh4)) | 0;
    mid = (mid + Math.imul(ah4, bl4)) | 0;
    hi = (hi + Math.imul(ah4, bh4)) | 0;
    lo = (lo + Math.imul(al3, bl5)) | 0;
    mid = (mid + Math.imul(al3, bh5)) | 0;
    mid = (mid + Math.imul(ah3, bl5)) | 0;
    hi = (hi + Math.imul(ah3, bh5)) | 0;
    lo = (lo + Math.imul(al2, bl6)) | 0;
    mid = (mid + Math.imul(al2, bh6)) | 0;
    mid = (mid + Math.imul(ah2, bl6)) | 0;
    hi = (hi + Math.imul(ah2, bh6)) | 0;
    lo = (lo + Math.imul(al1, bl7)) | 0;
    mid = (mid + Math.imul(al1, bh7)) | 0;
    mid = (mid + Math.imul(ah1, bl7)) | 0;
    hi = (hi + Math.imul(ah1, bh7)) | 0;
    lo = (lo + Math.imul(al0, bl8)) | 0;
    mid = (mid + Math.imul(al0, bh8)) | 0;
    mid = (mid + Math.imul(ah0, bl8)) | 0;
    hi = (hi + Math.imul(ah0, bh8)) | 0;
    var w8 = (((c + lo) | 0) + ((mid & 0x1fff) << 13)) | 0;
    c = (((hi + (mid >>> 13)) | 0) + (w8 >>> 26)) | 0;
    w8 &= 0x3ffffff;
    /* k = 9 */
    lo = Math.imul(al9, bl0);
    mid = Math.imul(al9, bh0);
    mid = (mid + Math.imul(ah9, bl0)) | 0;
    hi = Math.imul(ah9, bh0);
    lo = (lo + Math.imul(al8, bl1)) | 0;
    mid = (mid + Math.imul(al8, bh1)) | 0;
    mid = (mid + Math.imul(ah8, bl1)) | 0;
    hi = (hi + Math.imul(ah8, bh1)) | 0;
    lo = (lo + Math.imul(al7, bl2)) | 0;
    mid = (mid + Math.imul(al7, bh2)) | 0;
    mid = (mid + Math.imul(ah7, bl2)) | 0;
    hi = (hi + Math.imul(ah7, bh2)) | 0;
    lo = (lo + Math.imul(al6, bl3)) | 0;
    mid = (mid + Math.imul(al6, bh3)) | 0;
    mid = (mid + Math.imul(ah6, bl3)) | 0;
    hi = (hi + Math.imul(ah6, bh3)) | 0;
    lo = (lo + Math.imul(al5, bl4)) | 0;
    mid = (mid + Math.imul(al5, bh4)) | 0;
    mid = (mid + Math.imul(ah5, bl4)) | 0;
    hi = (hi + Math.imul(ah5, bh4)) | 0;
    lo = (lo + Math.imul(al4, bl5)) | 0;
    mid = (mid + Math.imul(al4, bh5)) | 0;
    mid = (mid + Math.imul(ah4, bl5)) | 0;
    hi = (hi + Math.imul(ah4, bh5)) | 0;
    lo = (lo + Math.imul(al3, bl6)) | 0;
    mid = (mid + Math.imul(al3, bh6)) | 0;
    mid = (mid + Math.imul(ah3, bl6)) | 0;
    hi = (hi + Math.imul(ah3, bh6)) | 0;
    lo = (lo + Math.imul(al2, bl7)) | 0;
    mid = (mid + Math.imul(al2, bh7)) | 0;
    mid = (mid + Math.imul(ah2, bl7)) | 0;
    hi = (hi + Math.imul(ah2, bh7)) | 0;
    lo = (lo + Math.imul(al1, bl8)) | 0;
    mid = (mid + Math.imul(al1, bh8)) | 0;
    mid = (mid + Math.imul(ah1, bl8)) | 0;
    hi = (hi + Math.imul(ah1, bh8)) | 0;
    lo = (lo + Math.imul(al0, bl9)) | 0;
    mid = (mid + Math.imul(al0, bh9)) | 0;
    mid = (mid + Math.imul(ah0, bl9)) | 0;
    hi = (hi + Math.imul(ah0, bh9)) | 0;
    var w9 = (((c + lo) | 0) + ((mid & 0x1fff) << 13)) | 0;
    c = (((hi + (mid >>> 13)) | 0) + (w9 >>> 26)) | 0;
    w9 &= 0x3ffffff;
    /* k = 10 */
    lo = Math.imul(al9, bl1);
    mid = Math.imul(al9, bh1);
    mid = (mid + Math.imul(ah9, bl1)) | 0;
    hi = Math.imul(ah9, bh1);
    lo = (lo + Math.imul(al8, bl2)) | 0;
    mid = (mid + Math.imul(al8, bh2)) | 0;
    mid = (mid + Math.imul(ah8, bl2)) | 0;
    hi = (hi + Math.imul(ah8, bh2)) | 0;
    lo = (lo + Math.imul(al7, bl3)) | 0;
    mid = (mid + Math.imul(al7, bh3)) | 0;
    mid = (mid + Math.imul(ah7, bl3)) | 0;
    hi = (hi + Math.imul(ah7, bh3)) | 0;
    lo = (lo + Math.imul(al6, bl4)) | 0;
    mid = (mid + Math.imul(al6, bh4)) | 0;
    mid = (mid + Math.imul(ah6, bl4)) | 0;
    hi = (hi + Math.imul(ah6, bh4)) | 0;
    lo = (lo + Math.imul(al5, bl5)) | 0;
    mid = (mid + Math.imul(al5, bh5)) | 0;
    mid = (mid + Math.imul(ah5, bl5)) | 0;
    hi = (hi + Math.imul(ah5, bh5)) | 0;
    lo = (lo + Math.imul(al4, bl6)) | 0;
    mid = (mid + Math.imul(al4, bh6)) | 0;
    mid = (mid + Math.imul(ah4, bl6)) | 0;
    hi = (hi + Math.imul(ah4, bh6)) | 0;
    lo = (lo + Math.imul(al3, bl7)) | 0;
    mid = (mid + Math.imul(al3, bh7)) | 0;
    mid = (mid + Math.imul(ah3, bl7)) | 0;
    hi = (hi + Math.imul(ah3, bh7)) | 0;
    lo = (lo + Math.imul(al2, bl8)) | 0;
    mid = (mid + Math.imul(al2, bh8)) | 0;
    mid = (mid + Math.imul(ah2, bl8)) | 0;
    hi = (hi + Math.imul(ah2, bh8)) | 0;
    lo = (lo + Math.imul(al1, bl9)) | 0;
    mid = (mid + Math.imul(al1, bh9)) | 0;
    mid = (mid + Math.imul(ah1, bl9)) | 0;
    hi = (hi + Math.imul(ah1, bh9)) | 0;
    var w10 = (((c + lo) | 0) + ((mid & 0x1fff) << 13)) | 0;
    c = (((hi + (mid >>> 13)) | 0) + (w10 >>> 26)) | 0;
    w10 &= 0x3ffffff;
    /* k = 11 */
    lo = Math.imul(al9, bl2);
    mid = Math.imul(al9, bh2);
    mid = (mid + Math.imul(ah9, bl2)) | 0;
    hi = Math.imul(ah9, bh2);
    lo = (lo + Math.imul(al8, bl3)) | 0;
    mid = (mid + Math.imul(al8, bh3)) | 0;
    mid = (mid + Math.imul(ah8, bl3)) | 0;
    hi = (hi + Math.imul(ah8, bh3)) | 0;
    lo = (lo + Math.imul(al7, bl4)) | 0;
    mid = (mid + Math.imul(al7, bh4)) | 0;
    mid = (mid + Math.imul(ah7, bl4)) | 0;
    hi = (hi + Math.imul(ah7, bh4)) | 0;
    lo = (lo + Math.imul(al6, bl5)) | 0;
    mid = (mid + Math.imul(al6, bh5)) | 0;
    mid = (mid + Math.imul(ah6, bl5)) | 0;
    hi = (hi + Math.imul(ah6, bh5)) | 0;
    lo = (lo + Math.imul(al5, bl6)) | 0;
    mid = (mid + Math.imul(al5, bh6)) | 0;
    mid = (mid + Math.imul(ah5, bl6)) | 0;
    hi = (hi + Math.imul(ah5, bh6)) | 0;
    lo = (lo + Math.imul(al4, bl7)) | 0;
    mid = (mid + Math.imul(al4, bh7)) | 0;
    mid = (mid + Math.imul(ah4, bl7)) | 0;
    hi = (hi + Math.imul(ah4, bh7)) | 0;
    lo = (lo + Math.imul(al3, bl8)) | 0;
    mid = (mid + Math.imul(al3, bh8)) | 0;
    mid = (mid + Math.imul(ah3, bl8)) | 0;
    hi = (hi + Math.imul(ah3, bh8)) | 0;
    lo = (lo + Math.imul(al2, bl9)) | 0;
    mid = (mid + Math.imul(al2, bh9)) | 0;
    mid = (mid + Math.imul(ah2, bl9)) | 0;
    hi = (hi + Math.imul(ah2, bh9)) | 0;
    var w11 = (((c + lo) | 0) + ((mid & 0x1fff) << 13)) | 0;
    c = (((hi + (mid >>> 13)) | 0) + (w11 >>> 26)) | 0;
    w11 &= 0x3ffffff;
    /* k = 12 */
    lo = Math.imul(al9, bl3);
    mid = Math.imul(al9, bh3);
    mid = (mid + Math.imul(ah9, bl3)) | 0;
    hi = Math.imul(ah9, bh3);
    lo = (lo + Math.imul(al8, bl4)) | 0;
    mid = (mid + Math.imul(al8, bh4)) | 0;
    mid = (mid + Math.imul(ah8, bl4)) | 0;
    hi = (hi + Math.imul(ah8, bh4)) | 0;
    lo = (lo + Math.imul(al7, bl5)) | 0;
    mid = (mid + Math.imul(al7, bh5)) | 0;
    mid = (mid + Math.imul(ah7, bl5)) | 0;
    hi = (hi + Math.imul(ah7, bh5)) | 0;
    lo = (lo + Math.imul(al6, bl6)) | 0;
    mid = (mid + Math.imul(al6, bh6)) | 0;
    mid = (mid + Math.imul(ah6, bl6)) | 0;
    hi = (hi + Math.imul(ah6, bh6)) | 0;
    lo = (lo + Math.imul(al5, bl7)) | 0;
    mid = (mid + Math.imul(al5, bh7)) | 0;
    mid = (mid + Math.imul(ah5, bl7)) | 0;
    hi = (hi + Math.imul(ah5, bh7)) | 0;
    lo = (lo + Math.imul(al4, bl8)) | 0;
    mid = (mid + Math.imul(al4, bh8)) | 0;
    mid = (mid + Math.imul(ah4, bl8)) | 0;
    hi = (hi + Math.imul(ah4, bh8)) | 0;
    lo = (lo + Math.imul(al3, bl9)) | 0;
    mid = (mid + Math.imul(al3, bh9)) | 0;
    mid = (mid + Math.imul(ah3, bl9)) | 0;
    hi = (hi + Math.imul(ah3, bh9)) | 0;
    var w12 = (((c + lo) | 0) + ((mid & 0x1fff) << 13)) | 0;
    c = (((hi + (mid >>> 13)) | 0) + (w12 >>> 26)) | 0;
    w12 &= 0x3ffffff;
    /* k = 13 */
    lo = Math.imul(al9, bl4);
    mid = Math.imul(al9, bh4);
    mid = (mid + Math.imul(ah9, bl4)) | 0;
    hi = Math.imul(ah9, bh4);
    lo = (lo + Math.imul(al8, bl5)) | 0;
    mid = (mid + Math.imul(al8, bh5)) | 0;
    mid = (mid + Math.imul(ah8, bl5)) | 0;
    hi = (hi + Math.imul(ah8, bh5)) | 0;
    lo = (lo + Math.imul(al7, bl6)) | 0;
    mid = (mid + Math.imul(al7, bh6)) | 0;
    mid = (mid + Math.imul(ah7, bl6)) | 0;
    hi = (hi + Math.imul(ah7, bh6)) | 0;
    lo = (lo + Math.imul(al6, bl7)) | 0;
    mid = (mid + Math.imul(al6, bh7)) | 0;
    mid = (mid + Math.imul(ah6, bl7)) | 0;
    hi = (hi + Math.imul(ah6, bh7)) | 0;
    lo = (lo + Math.imul(al5, bl8)) | 0;
    mid = (mid + Math.imul(al5, bh8)) | 0;
    mid = (mid + Math.imul(ah5, bl8)) | 0;
    hi = (hi + Math.imul(ah5, bh8)) | 0;
    lo = (lo + Math.imul(al4, bl9)) | 0;
    mid = (mid + Math.imul(al4, bh9)) | 0;
    mid = (mid + Math.imul(ah4, bl9)) | 0;
    hi = (hi + Math.imul(ah4, bh9)) | 0;
    var w13 = (((c + lo) | 0) + ((mid & 0x1fff) << 13)) | 0;
    c = (((hi + (mid >>> 13)) | 0) + (w13 >>> 26)) | 0;
    w13 &= 0x3ffffff;
    /* k = 14 */
    lo = Math.imul(al9, bl5);
    mid = Math.imul(al9, bh5);
    mid = (mid + Math.imul(ah9, bl5)) | 0;
    hi = Math.imul(ah9, bh5);
    lo = (lo + Math.imul(al8, bl6)) | 0;
    mid = (mid + Math.imul(al8, bh6)) | 0;
    mid = (mid + Math.imul(ah8, bl6)) | 0;
    hi = (hi + Math.imul(ah8, bh6)) | 0;
    lo = (lo + Math.imul(al7, bl7)) | 0;
    mid = (mid + Math.imul(al7, bh7)) | 0;
    mid = (mid + Math.imul(ah7, bl7)) | 0;
    hi = (hi + Math.imul(ah7, bh7)) | 0;
    lo = (lo + Math.imul(al6, bl8)) | 0;
    mid = (mid + Math.imul(al6, bh8)) | 0;
    mid = (mid + Math.imul(ah6, bl8)) | 0;
    hi = (hi + Math.imul(ah6, bh8)) | 0;
    lo = (lo + Math.imul(al5, bl9)) | 0;
    mid = (mid + Math.imul(al5, bh9)) | 0;
    mid = (mid + Math.imul(ah5, bl9)) | 0;
    hi = (hi + Math.imul(ah5, bh9)) | 0;
    var w14 = (((c + lo) | 0) + ((mid & 0x1fff) << 13)) | 0;
    c = (((hi + (mid >>> 13)) | 0) + (w14 >>> 26)) | 0;
    w14 &= 0x3ffffff;
    /* k = 15 */
    lo = Math.imul(al9, bl6);
    mid = Math.imul(al9, bh6);
    mid = (mid + Math.imul(ah9, bl6)) | 0;
    hi = Math.imul(ah9, bh6);
    lo = (lo + Math.imul(al8, bl7)) | 0;
    mid = (mid + Math.imul(al8, bh7)) | 0;
    mid = (mid + Math.imul(ah8, bl7)) | 0;
    hi = (hi + Math.imul(ah8, bh7)) | 0;
    lo = (lo + Math.imul(al7, bl8)) | 0;
    mid = (mid + Math.imul(al7, bh8)) | 0;
    mid = (mid + Math.imul(ah7, bl8)) | 0;
    hi = (hi + Math.imul(ah7, bh8)) | 0;
    lo = (lo + Math.imul(al6, bl9)) | 0;
    mid = (mid + Math.imul(al6, bh9)) | 0;
    mid = (mid + Math.imul(ah6, bl9)) | 0;
    hi = (hi + Math.imul(ah6, bh9)) | 0;
    var w15 = (((c + lo) | 0) + ((mid & 0x1fff) << 13)) | 0;
    c = (((hi + (mid >>> 13)) | 0) + (w15 >>> 26)) | 0;
    w15 &= 0x3ffffff;
    /* k = 16 */
    lo = Math.imul(al9, bl7);
    mid = Math.imul(al9, bh7);
    mid = (mid + Math.imul(ah9, bl7)) | 0;
    hi = Math.imul(ah9, bh7);
    lo = (lo + Math.imul(al8, bl8)) | 0;
    mid = (mid + Math.imul(al8, bh8)) | 0;
    mid = (mid + Math.imul(ah8, bl8)) | 0;
    hi = (hi + Math.imul(ah8, bh8)) | 0;
    lo = (lo + Math.imul(al7, bl9)) | 0;
    mid = (mid + Math.imul(al7, bh9)) | 0;
    mid = (mid + Math.imul(ah7, bl9)) | 0;
    hi = (hi + Math.imul(ah7, bh9)) | 0;
    var w16 = (((c + lo) | 0) + ((mid & 0x1fff) << 13)) | 0;
    c = (((hi + (mid >>> 13)) | 0) + (w16 >>> 26)) | 0;
    w16 &= 0x3ffffff;
    /* k = 17 */
    lo = Math.imul(al9, bl8);
    mid = Math.imul(al9, bh8);
    mid = (mid + Math.imul(ah9, bl8)) | 0;
    hi = Math.imul(ah9, bh8);
    lo = (lo + Math.imul(al8, bl9)) | 0;
    mid = (mid + Math.imul(al8, bh9)) | 0;
    mid = (mid + Math.imul(ah8, bl9)) | 0;
    hi = (hi + Math.imul(ah8, bh9)) | 0;
    var w17 = (((c + lo) | 0) + ((mid & 0x1fff) << 13)) | 0;
    c = (((hi + (mid >>> 13)) | 0) + (w17 >>> 26)) | 0;
    w17 &= 0x3ffffff;
    /* k = 18 */
    lo = Math.imul(al9, bl9);
    mid = Math.imul(al9, bh9);
    mid = (mid + Math.imul(ah9, bl9)) | 0;
    hi = Math.imul(ah9, bh9);
    var w18 = (((c + lo) | 0) + ((mid & 0x1fff) << 13)) | 0;
    c = (((hi + (mid >>> 13)) | 0) + (w18 >>> 26)) | 0;
    w18 &= 0x3ffffff;
    o[0] = w0;
    o[1] = w1;
    o[2] = w2;
    o[3] = w3;
    o[4] = w4;
    o[5] = w5;
    o[6] = w6;
    o[7] = w7;
    o[8] = w8;
    o[9] = w9;
    o[10] = w10;
    o[11] = w11;
    o[12] = w12;
    o[13] = w13;
    o[14] = w14;
    o[15] = w15;
    o[16] = w16;
    o[17] = w17;
    o[18] = w18;
    if (c !== 0) {
      o[19] = c;
      out.length++;
    }
    return out;
  };

  // Polyfill comb
  if (!Math.imul) {
    comb10MulTo = smallMulTo;
  }

  function bigMulTo (self, num, out) {
    out.negative = num.negative ^ self.negative;
    out.length = self.length + num.length;

    var carry = 0;
    var hncarry = 0;
    for (var k = 0; k < out.length - 1; k++) {
      // Sum all words with the same `i + j = k` and accumulate `ncarry`,
      // note that ncarry could be >= 0x3ffffff
      var ncarry = hncarry;
      hncarry = 0;
      var rword = carry & 0x3ffffff;
      var maxJ = Math.min(k, num.length - 1);
      for (var j = Math.max(0, k - self.length + 1); j <= maxJ; j++) {
        var i = k - j;
        var a = self.words[i] | 0;
        var b = num.words[j] | 0;
        var r = a * b;

        var lo = r & 0x3ffffff;
        ncarry = (ncarry + ((r / 0x4000000) | 0)) | 0;
        lo = (lo + rword) | 0;
        rword = lo & 0x3ffffff;
        ncarry = (ncarry + (lo >>> 26)) | 0;

        hncarry += ncarry >>> 26;
        ncarry &= 0x3ffffff;
      }
      out.words[k] = rword;
      carry = ncarry;
      ncarry = hncarry;
    }
    if (carry !== 0) {
      out.words[k] = carry;
    } else {
      out.length--;
    }

    return out.strip();
  }

  function jumboMulTo (self, num, out) {
    var fftm = new FFTM();
    return fftm.mulp(self, num, out);
  }

  BN.prototype.mulTo = function mulTo (num, out) {
    var res;
    var len = this.length + num.length;
    if (this.length === 10 && num.length === 10) {
      res = comb10MulTo(this, num, out);
    } else if (len < 63) {
      res = smallMulTo(this, num, out);
    } else if (len < 1024) {
      res = bigMulTo(this, num, out);
    } else {
      res = jumboMulTo(this, num, out);
    }

    return res;
  };

  // Cooley-Tukey algorithm for FFT
  // slightly revisited to rely on looping instead of recursion

  function FFTM (x, y) {
    this.x = x;
    this.y = y;
  }

  FFTM.prototype.makeRBT = function makeRBT (N) {
    var t = new Array(N);
    var l = BN.prototype._countBits(N) - 1;
    for (var i = 0; i < N; i++) {
      t[i] = this.revBin(i, l, N);
    }

    return t;
  };

  // Returns binary-reversed representation of `x`
  FFTM.prototype.revBin = function revBin (x, l, N) {
    if (x === 0 || x === N - 1) return x;

    var rb = 0;
    for (var i = 0; i < l; i++) {
      rb |= (x & 1) << (l - i - 1);
      x >>= 1;
    }

    return rb;
  };

  // Performs "tweedling" phase, therefore 'emulating'
  // behaviour of the recursive algorithm
  FFTM.prototype.permute = function permute (rbt, rws, iws, rtws, itws, N) {
    for (var i = 0; i < N; i++) {
      rtws[i] = rws[rbt[i]];
      itws[i] = iws[rbt[i]];
    }
  };

  FFTM.prototype.transform = function transform (rws, iws, rtws, itws, N, rbt) {
    this.permute(rbt, rws, iws, rtws, itws, N);

    for (var s = 1; s < N; s <<= 1) {
      var l = s << 1;

      var rtwdf = Math.cos(2 * Math.PI / l);
      var itwdf = Math.sin(2 * Math.PI / l);

      for (var p = 0; p < N; p += l) {
        var rtwdf_ = rtwdf;
        var itwdf_ = itwdf;

        for (var j = 0; j < s; j++) {
          var re = rtws[p + j];
          var ie = itws[p + j];

          var ro = rtws[p + j + s];
          var io = itws[p + j + s];

          var rx = rtwdf_ * ro - itwdf_ * io;

          io = rtwdf_ * io + itwdf_ * ro;
          ro = rx;

          rtws[p + j] = re + ro;
          itws[p + j] = ie + io;

          rtws[p + j + s] = re - ro;
          itws[p + j + s] = ie - io;

          /* jshint maxdepth : false */
          if (j !== l) {
            rx = rtwdf * rtwdf_ - itwdf * itwdf_;

            itwdf_ = rtwdf * itwdf_ + itwdf * rtwdf_;
            rtwdf_ = rx;
          }
        }
      }
    }
  };

  FFTM.prototype.guessLen13b = function guessLen13b (n, m) {
    var N = Math.max(m, n) | 1;
    var odd = N & 1;
    var i = 0;
    for (N = N / 2 | 0; N; N = N >>> 1) {
      i++;
    }

    return 1 << i + 1 + odd;
  };

  FFTM.prototype.conjugate = function conjugate (rws, iws, N) {
    if (N <= 1) return;

    for (var i = 0; i < N / 2; i++) {
      var t = rws[i];

      rws[i] = rws[N - i - 1];
      rws[N - i - 1] = t;

      t = iws[i];

      iws[i] = -iws[N - i - 1];
      iws[N - i - 1] = -t;
    }
  };

  FFTM.prototype.normalize13b = function normalize13b (ws, N) {
    var carry = 0;
    for (var i = 0; i < N / 2; i++) {
      var w = Math.round(ws[2 * i + 1] / N) * 0x2000 +
        Math.round(ws[2 * i] / N) +
        carry;

      ws[i] = w & 0x3ffffff;

      if (w < 0x4000000) {
        carry = 0;
      } else {
        carry = w / 0x4000000 | 0;
      }
    }

    return ws;
  };

  FFTM.prototype.convert13b = function convert13b (ws, len, rws, N) {
    var carry = 0;
    for (var i = 0; i < len; i++) {
      carry = carry + (ws[i] | 0);

      rws[2 * i] = carry & 0x1fff; carry = carry >>> 13;
      rws[2 * i + 1] = carry & 0x1fff; carry = carry >>> 13;
    }

    // Pad with zeroes
    for (i = 2 * len; i < N; ++i) {
      rws[i] = 0;
    }

    assert(carry === 0);
    assert((carry & ~0x1fff) === 0);
  };

  FFTM.prototype.stub = function stub (N) {
    var ph = new Array(N);
    for (var i = 0; i < N; i++) {
      ph[i] = 0;
    }

    return ph;
  };

  FFTM.prototype.mulp = function mulp (x, y, out) {
    var N = 2 * this.guessLen13b(x.length, y.length);

    var rbt = this.makeRBT(N);

    var _ = this.stub(N);

    var rws = new Array(N);
    var rwst = new Array(N);
    var iwst = new Array(N);

    var nrws = new Array(N);
    var nrwst = new Array(N);
    var niwst = new Array(N);

    var rmws = out.words;
    rmws.length = N;

    this.convert13b(x.words, x.length, rws, N);
    this.convert13b(y.words, y.length, nrws, N);

    this.transform(rws, _, rwst, iwst, N, rbt);
    this.transform(nrws, _, nrwst, niwst, N, rbt);

    for (var i = 0; i < N; i++) {
      var rx = rwst[i] * nrwst[i] - iwst[i] * niwst[i];
      iwst[i] = rwst[i] * niwst[i] + iwst[i] * nrwst[i];
      rwst[i] = rx;
    }

    this.conjugate(rwst, iwst, N);
    this.transform(rwst, iwst, rmws, _, N, rbt);
    this.conjugate(rmws, _, N);
    this.normalize13b(rmws, N);

    out.negative = x.negative ^ y.negative;
    out.length = x.length + y.length;
    return out.strip();
  };

  // Multiply `this` by `num`
  BN.prototype.mul = function mul (num) {
    var out = new BN(null);
    out.words = new Array(this.length + num.length);
    return this.mulTo(num, out);
  };

  // Multiply employing FFT
  BN.prototype.mulf = function mulf (num) {
    var out = new BN(null);
    out.words = new Array(this.length + num.length);
    return jumboMulTo(this, num, out);
  };

  // In-place Multiplication
  BN.prototype.imul = function imul (num) {
    return this.clone().mulTo(num, this);
  };

  BN.prototype.imuln = function imuln (num) {
    assert(typeof num === 'number');
    assert(num < 0x4000000);

    // Carry
    var carry = 0;
    for (var i = 0; i < this.length; i++) {
      var w = (this.words[i] | 0) * num;
      var lo = (w & 0x3ffffff) + (carry & 0x3ffffff);
      carry >>= 26;
      carry += (w / 0x4000000) | 0;
      // NOTE: lo is 27bit maximum
      carry += lo >>> 26;
      this.words[i] = lo & 0x3ffffff;
    }

    if (carry !== 0) {
      this.words[i] = carry;
      this.length++;
    }

    return this;
  };

  BN.prototype.muln = function muln (num) {
    return this.clone().imuln(num);
  };

  // `this` * `this`
  BN.prototype.sqr = function sqr () {
    return this.mul(this);
  };

  // `this` * `this` in-place
  BN.prototype.isqr = function isqr () {
    return this.imul(this.clone());
  };

  // Math.pow(`this`, `num`)
  BN.prototype.pow = function pow (num) {
    var w = toBitArray(num);
    if (w.length === 0) return new BN(1);

    // Skip leading zeroes
    var res = this;
    for (var i = 0; i < w.length; i++, res = res.sqr()) {
      if (w[i] !== 0) break;
    }

    if (++i < w.length) {
      for (var q = res.sqr(); i < w.length; i++, q = q.sqr()) {
        if (w[i] === 0) continue;

        res = res.mul(q);
      }
    }

    return res;
  };

  // Shift-left in-place
  BN.prototype.iushln = function iushln (bits) {
    assert(typeof bits === 'number' && bits >= 0);
    var r = bits % 26;
    var s = (bits - r) / 26;
    var carryMask = (0x3ffffff >>> (26 - r)) << (26 - r);
    var i;

    if (r !== 0) {
      var carry = 0;

      for (i = 0; i < this.length; i++) {
        var newCarry = this.words[i] & carryMask;
        var c = ((this.words[i] | 0) - newCarry) << r;
        this.words[i] = c | carry;
        carry = newCarry >>> (26 - r);
      }

      if (carry) {
        this.words[i] = carry;
        this.length++;
      }
    }

    if (s !== 0) {
      for (i = this.length - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
        this.words[i + s] = this.words[i];
      }

      for (i = 0; i < s; i++) {
        this.words[i] = 0;
      }

      this.length += s;
    }

    return this.strip();
  };

  BN.prototype.ishln = function ishln (bits) {
    // TODO(indutny): implement me
    assert(this.negative === 0);
    return this.iushln(bits);
  };

  // Shift-right in-place
  // NOTE: `hint` is a lowest bit before trailing zeroes
  // NOTE: if `extended` is present - it will be filled with destroyed bits
  BN.prototype.iushrn = function iushrn (bits, hint, extended) {
    assert(typeof bits === 'number' && bits >= 0);
    var h;
    if (hint) {
      h = (hint - (hint % 26)) / 26;
    } else {
      h = 0;
    }

    var r = bits % 26;
    var s = Math.min((bits - r) / 26, this.length);
    var mask = 0x3ffffff ^ ((0x3ffffff >>> r) << r);
    var maskedWords = extended;

    h -= s;
    h = Math.max(0, h);

    // Extended mode, copy masked part
    if (maskedWords) {
      for (var i = 0; i < s; i++) {
        maskedWords.words[i] = this.words[i];
      }
      maskedWords.length = s;
    }

    if (s === 0) {
      // No-op, we should not move anything at all
    } else if (this.length > s) {
      this.length -= s;
      for (i = 0; i < this.length; i++) {
        this.words[i] = this.words[i + s];
      }
    } else {
      this.words[0] = 0;
      this.length = 1;
    }

    var carry = 0;
    for (i = this.length - 1; i >= 0 && (carry !== 0 || i >= h); i--) {
      var word = this.words[i] | 0;
      this.words[i] = (carry << (26 - r)) | (word >>> r);
      carry = word & mask;
    }

    // Push carried bits as a mask
    if (maskedWords && carry !== 0) {
      maskedWords.words[maskedWords.length++] = carry;
    }

    if (this.length === 0) {
      this.words[0] = 0;
      this.length = 1;
    }

    return this.strip();
  };

  BN.prototype.ishrn = function ishrn (bits, hint, extended) {
    // TODO(indutny): implement me
    assert(this.negative === 0);
    return this.iushrn(bits, hint, extended);
  };

  // Shift-left
  BN.prototype.shln = function shln (bits) {
    return this.clone().ishln(bits);
  };

  BN.prototype.ushln = function ushln (bits) {
    return this.clone().iushln(bits);
  };

  // Shift-right
  BN.prototype.shrn = function shrn (bits) {
    return this.clone().ishrn(bits);
  };

  BN.prototype.ushrn = function ushrn (bits) {
    return this.clone().iushrn(bits);
  };

  // Test if n bit is set
  BN.prototype.testn = function testn (bit) {
    assert(typeof bit === 'number' && bit >= 0);
    var r = bit % 26;
    var s = (bit - r) / 26;
    var q = 1 << r;

    // Fast case: bit is much higher than all existing words
    if (this.length <= s) return false;

    // Check bit and return
    var w = this.words[s];

    return !!(w & q);
  };

  // Return only lowers bits of number (in-place)
  BN.prototype.imaskn = function imaskn (bits) {
    assert(typeof bits === 'number' && bits >= 0);
    var r = bits % 26;
    var s = (bits - r) / 26;

    assert(this.negative === 0, 'imaskn works only with positive numbers');

    if (this.length <= s) {
      return this;
    }

    if (r !== 0) {
      s++;
    }
    this.length = Math.min(s, this.length);

    if (r !== 0) {
      var mask = 0x3ffffff ^ ((0x3ffffff >>> r) << r);
      this.words[this.length - 1] &= mask;
    }

    return this.strip();
  };

  // Return only lowers bits of number
  BN.prototype.maskn = function maskn (bits) {
    return this.clone().imaskn(bits);
  };

  // Add plain number `num` to `this`
  BN.prototype.iaddn = function iaddn (num) {
    assert(typeof num === 'number');
    assert(num < 0x4000000);
    if (num < 0) return this.isubn(-num);

    // Possible sign change
    if (this.negative !== 0) {
      if (this.length === 1 && (this.words[0] | 0) < num) {
        this.words[0] = num - (this.words[0] | 0);
        this.negative = 0;
        return this;
      }

      this.negative = 0;
      this.isubn(num);
      this.negative = 1;
      return this;
    }

    // Add without checks
    return this._iaddn(num);
  };

  BN.prototype._iaddn = function _iaddn (num) {
    this.words[0] += num;

    // Carry
    for (var i = 0; i < this.length && this.words[i] >= 0x4000000; i++) {
      this.words[i] -= 0x4000000;
      if (i === this.length - 1) {
        this.words[i + 1] = 1;
      } else {
        this.words[i + 1]++;
      }
    }
    this.length = Math.max(this.length, i + 1);

    return this;
  };

  // Subtract plain number `num` from `this`
  BN.prototype.isubn = function isubn (num) {
    assert(typeof num === 'number');
    assert(num < 0x4000000);
    if (num < 0) return this.iaddn(-num);

    if (this.negative !== 0) {
      this.negative = 0;
      this.iaddn(num);
      this.negative = 1;
      return this;
    }

    this.words[0] -= num;

    if (this.length === 1 && this.words[0] < 0) {
      this.words[0] = -this.words[0];
      this.negative = 1;
    } else {
      // Carry
      for (var i = 0; i < this.length && this.words[i] < 0; i++) {
        this.words[i] += 0x4000000;
        this.words[i + 1] -= 1;
      }
    }

    return this.strip();
  };

  BN.prototype.addn = function addn (num) {
    return this.clone().iaddn(num);
  };

  BN.prototype.subn = function subn (num) {
    return this.clone().isubn(num);
  };

  BN.prototype.iabs = function iabs () {
    this.negative = 0;

    return this;
  };

  BN.prototype.abs = function abs () {
    return this.clone().iabs();
  };

  BN.prototype._ishlnsubmul = function _ishlnsubmul (num, mul, shift) {
    var len = num.length + shift;
    var i;

    this._expand(len);

    var w;
    var carry = 0;
    for (i = 0; i < num.length; i++) {
      w = (this.words[i + shift] | 0) + carry;
      var right = (num.words[i] | 0) * mul;
      w -= right & 0x3ffffff;
      carry = (w >> 26) - ((right / 0x4000000) | 0);
      this.words[i + shift] = w & 0x3ffffff;
    }
    for (; i < this.length - shift; i++) {
      w = (this.words[i + shift] | 0) + carry;
      carry = w >> 26;
      this.words[i + shift] = w & 0x3ffffff;
    }

    if (carry === 0) return this.strip();

    // Subtraction overflow
    assert(carry === -1);
    carry = 0;
    for (i = 0; i < this.length; i++) {
      w = -(this.words[i] | 0) + carry;
      carry = w >> 26;
      this.words[i] = w & 0x3ffffff;
    }
    this.negative = 1;

    return this.strip();
  };

  BN.prototype._wordDiv = function _wordDiv (num, mode) {
    var shift = this.length - num.length;

    var a = this.clone();
    var b = num;

    // Normalize
    var bhi = b.words[b.length - 1] | 0;
    var bhiBits = this._countBits(bhi);
    shift = 26 - bhiBits;
    if (shift !== 0) {
      b = b.ushln(shift);
      a.iushln(shift);
      bhi = b.words[b.length - 1] | 0;
    }

    // Initialize quotient
    var m = a.length - b.length;
    var q;

    if (mode !== 'mod') {
      q = new BN(null);
      q.length = m + 1;
      q.words = new Array(q.length);
      for (var i = 0; i < q.length; i++) {
        q.words[i] = 0;
      }
    }

    var diff = a.clone()._ishlnsubmul(b, 1, m);
    if (diff.negative === 0) {
      a = diff;
      if (q) {
        q.words[m] = 1;
      }
    }

    for (var j = m - 1; j >= 0; j--) {
      var qj = (a.words[b.length + j] | 0) * 0x4000000 +
        (a.words[b.length + j - 1] | 0);

      // NOTE: (qj / bhi) is (0x3ffffff * 0x4000000 + 0x3ffffff) / 0x2000000 max
      // (0x7ffffff)
      qj = Math.min((qj / bhi) | 0, 0x3ffffff);

      a._ishlnsubmul(b, qj, j);
      while (a.negative !== 0) {
        qj--;
        a.negative = 0;
        a._ishlnsubmul(b, 1, j);
        if (!a.isZero()) {
          a.negative ^= 1;
        }
      }
      if (q) {
        q.words[j] = qj;
      }
    }
    if (q) {
      q.strip();
    }
    a.strip();

    // Denormalize
    if (mode !== 'div' && shift !== 0) {
      a.iushrn(shift);
    }

    return {
      div: q || null,
      mod: a
    };
  };

  // NOTE: 1) `mode` can be set to `mod` to request mod only,
  //       to `div` to request div only, or be absent to
  //       request both div & mod
  //       2) `positive` is true if unsigned mod is requested
  BN.prototype.divmod = function divmod (num, mode, positive) {
    assert(!num.isZero());

    if (this.isZero()) {
      return {
        div: new BN(0),
        mod: new BN(0)
      };
    }

    var div, mod, res;
    if (this.negative !== 0 && num.negative === 0) {
      res = this.neg().divmod(num, mode);

      if (mode !== 'mod') {
        div = res.div.neg();
      }

      if (mode !== 'div') {
        mod = res.mod.neg();
        if (positive && mod.negative !== 0) {
          mod.iadd(num);
        }
      }

      return {
        div: div,
        mod: mod
      };
    }

    if (this.negative === 0 && num.negative !== 0) {
      res = this.divmod(num.neg(), mode);

      if (mode !== 'mod') {
        div = res.div.neg();
      }

      return {
        div: div,
        mod: res.mod
      };
    }

    if ((this.negative & num.negative) !== 0) {
      res = this.neg().divmod(num.neg(), mode);

      if (mode !== 'div') {
        mod = res.mod.neg();
        if (positive && mod.negative !== 0) {
          mod.isub(num);
        }
      }

      return {
        div: res.div,
        mod: mod
      };
    }

    // Both numbers are positive at this point

    // Strip both numbers to approximate shift value
    if (num.length > this.length || this.cmp(num) < 0) {
      return {
        div: new BN(0),
        mod: this
      };
    }

    // Very short reduction
    if (num.length === 1) {
      if (mode === 'div') {
        return {
          div: this.divn(num.words[0]),
          mod: null
        };
      }

      if (mode === 'mod') {
        return {
          div: null,
          mod: new BN(this.modn(num.words[0]))
        };
      }

      return {
        div: this.divn(num.words[0]),
        mod: new BN(this.modn(num.words[0]))
      };
    }

    return this._wordDiv(num, mode);
  };

  // Find `this` / `num`
  BN.prototype.div = function div (num) {
    return this.divmod(num, 'div', false).div;
  };

  // Find `this` % `num`
  BN.prototype.mod = function mod (num) {
    return this.divmod(num, 'mod', false).mod;
  };

  BN.prototype.umod = function umod (num) {
    return this.divmod(num, 'mod', true).mod;
  };

  // Find Round(`this` / `num`)
  BN.prototype.divRound = function divRound (num) {
    var dm = this.divmod(num);

    // Fast case - exact division
    if (dm.mod.isZero()) return dm.div;

    var mod = dm.div.negative !== 0 ? dm.mod.isub(num) : dm.mod;

    var half = num.ushrn(1);
    var r2 = num.andln(1);
    var cmp = mod.cmp(half);

    // Round down
    if (cmp < 0 || r2 === 1 && cmp === 0) return dm.div;

    // Round up
    return dm.div.negative !== 0 ? dm.div.isubn(1) : dm.div.iaddn(1);
  };

  BN.prototype.modn = function modn (num) {
    assert(num <= 0x3ffffff);
    var p = (1 << 26) % num;

    var acc = 0;
    for (var i = this.length - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
      acc = (p * acc + (this.words[i] | 0)) % num;
    }

    return acc;
  };

  // In-place division by number
  BN.prototype.idivn = function idivn (num) {
    assert(num <= 0x3ffffff);

    var carry = 0;
    for (var i = this.length - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
      var w = (this.words[i] | 0) + carry * 0x4000000;
      this.words[i] = (w / num) | 0;
      carry = w % num;
    }

    return this.strip();
  };

  BN.prototype.divn = function divn (num) {
    return this.clone().idivn(num);
  };

  BN.prototype.egcd = function egcd (p) {
    assert(p.negative === 0);
    assert(!p.isZero());

    var x = this;
    var y = p.clone();

    if (x.negative !== 0) {
      x = x.umod(p);
    } else {
      x = x.clone();
    }

    // A * x + B * y = x
    var A = new BN(1);
    var B = new BN(0);

    // C * x + D * y = y
    var C = new BN(0);
    var D = new BN(1);

    var g = 0;

    while (x.isEven() && y.isEven()) {
      x.iushrn(1);
      y.iushrn(1);
      ++g;
    }

    var yp = y.clone();
    var xp = x.clone();

    while (!x.isZero()) {
      for (var i = 0, im = 1; (x.words[0] & im) === 0 && i < 26; ++i, im <<= 1);
      if (i > 0) {
        x.iushrn(i);
        while (i-- > 0) {
          if (A.isOdd() || B.isOdd()) {
            A.iadd(yp);
            B.isub(xp);
          }

          A.iushrn(1);
          B.iushrn(1);
        }
      }

      for (var j = 0, jm = 1; (y.words[0] & jm) === 0 && j < 26; ++j, jm <<= 1);
      if (j > 0) {
        y.iushrn(j);
        while (j-- > 0) {
          if (C.isOdd() || D.isOdd()) {
            C.iadd(yp);
            D.isub(xp);
          }

          C.iushrn(1);
          D.iushrn(1);
        }
      }

      if (x.cmp(y) >= 0) {
        x.isub(y);
        A.isub(C);
        B.isub(D);
      } else {
        y.isub(x);
        C.isub(A);
        D.isub(B);
      }
    }

    return {
      a: C,
      b: D,
      gcd: y.iushln(g)
    };
  };

  // This is reduced incarnation of the binary EEA
  // above, designated to invert members of the
  // _prime_ fields F(p) at a maximal speed
  BN.prototype._invmp = function _invmp (p) {
    assert(p.negative === 0);
    assert(!p.isZero());

    var a = this;
    var b = p.clone();

    if (a.negative !== 0) {
      a = a.umod(p);
    } else {
      a = a.clone();
    }

    var x1 = new BN(1);
    var x2 = new BN(0);

    var delta = b.clone();

    while (a.cmpn(1) > 0 && b.cmpn(1) > 0) {
      for (var i = 0, im = 1; (a.words[0] & im) === 0 && i < 26; ++i, im <<= 1);
      if (i > 0) {
        a.iushrn(i);
        while (i-- > 0) {
          if (x1.isOdd()) {
            x1.iadd(delta);
          }

          x1.iushrn(1);
        }
      }

      for (var j = 0, jm = 1; (b.words[0] & jm) === 0 && j < 26; ++j, jm <<= 1);
      if (j > 0) {
        b.iushrn(j);
        while (j-- > 0) {
          if (x2.isOdd()) {
            x2.iadd(delta);
          }

          x2.iushrn(1);
        }
      }

      if (a.cmp(b) >= 0) {
        a.isub(b);
        x1.isub(x2);
      } else {
        b.isub(a);
        x2.isub(x1);
      }
    }

    var res;
    if (a.cmpn(1) === 0) {
      res = x1;
    } else {
      res = x2;
    }

    if (res.cmpn(0) < 0) {
      res.iadd(p);
    }

    return res;
  };

  BN.prototype.gcd = function gcd (num) {
    if (this.isZero()) return num.abs();
    if (num.isZero()) return this.abs();

    var a = this.clone();
    var b = num.clone();
    a.negative = 0;
    b.negative = 0;

    // Remove common factor of two
    for (var shift = 0; a.isEven() && b.isEven(); shift++) {
      a.iushrn(1);
      b.iushrn(1);
    }

    do {
      while (a.isEven()) {
        a.iushrn(1);
      }
      while (b.isEven()) {
        b.iushrn(1);
      }

      var r = a.cmp(b);
      if (r < 0) {
        // Swap `a` and `b` to make `a` always bigger than `b`
        var t = a;
        a = b;
        b = t;
      } else if (r === 0 || b.cmpn(1) === 0) {
        break;
      }

      a.isub(b);
    } while (true);

    return b.iushln(shift);
  };

  // Invert number in the field F(num)
  BN.prototype.invm = function invm (num) {
    return this.egcd(num).a.umod(num);
  };

  BN.prototype.isEven = function isEven () {
    return (this.words[0] & 1) === 0;
  };

  BN.prototype.isOdd = function isOdd () {
    return (this.words[0] & 1) === 1;
  };

  // And first word and num
  BN.prototype.andln = function andln (num) {
    return this.words[0] & num;
  };

  // Increment at the bit position in-line
  BN.prototype.bincn = function bincn (bit) {
    assert(typeof bit === 'number');
    var r = bit % 26;
    var s = (bit - r) / 26;
    var q = 1 << r;

    // Fast case: bit is much higher than all existing words
    if (this.length <= s) {
      this._expand(s + 1);
      this.words[s] |= q;
      return this;
    }

    // Add bit and propagate, if needed
    var carry = q;
    for (var i = s; carry !== 0 && i < this.length; i++) {
      var w = this.words[i] | 0;
      w += carry;
      carry = w >>> 26;
      w &= 0x3ffffff;
      this.words[i] = w;
    }
    if (carry !== 0) {
      this.words[i] = carry;
      this.length++;
    }
    return this;
  };

  BN.prototype.isZero = function isZero () {
    return this.length === 1 && this.words[0] === 0;
  };

  BN.prototype.cmpn = function cmpn (num) {
    var negative = num < 0;

    if (this.negative !== 0 && !negative) return -1;
    if (this.negative === 0 && negative) return 1;

    this.strip();

    var res;
    if (this.length > 1) {
      res = 1;
    } else {
      if (negative) {
        num = -num;
      }

      assert(num <= 0x3ffffff, 'Number is too big');

      var w = this.words[0] | 0;
      res = w === num ? 0 : w < num ? -1 : 1;
    }
    if (this.negative !== 0) return -res | 0;
    return res;
  };

  // Compare two numbers and return:
  // 1 - if `this` > `num`
  // 0 - if `this` == `num`
  // -1 - if `this` < `num`
  BN.prototype.cmp = function cmp (num) {
    if (this.negative !== 0 && num.negative === 0) return -1;
    if (this.negative === 0 && num.negative !== 0) return 1;

    var res = this.ucmp(num);
    if (this.negative !== 0) return -res | 0;
    return res;
  };

  // Unsigned comparison
  BN.prototype.ucmp = function ucmp (num) {
    // At this point both numbers have the same sign
    if (this.length > num.length) return 1;
    if (this.length < num.length) return -1;

    var res = 0;
    for (var i = this.length - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
      var a = this.words[i] | 0;
      var b = num.words[i] | 0;

      if (a === b) continue;
      if (a < b) {
        res = -1;
      } else if (a > b) {
        res = 1;
      }
      break;
    }
    return res;
  };

  BN.prototype.gtn = function gtn (num) {
    return this.cmpn(num) === 1;
  };

  BN.prototype.gt = function gt (num) {
    return this.cmp(num) === 1;
  };

  BN.prototype.gten = function gten (num) {
    return this.cmpn(num) >= 0;
  };

  BN.prototype.gte = function gte (num) {
    return this.cmp(num) >= 0;
  };

  BN.prototype.ltn = function ltn (num) {
    return this.cmpn(num) === -1;
  };

  BN.prototype.lt = function lt (num) {
    return this.cmp(num) === -1;
  };

  BN.prototype.lten = function lten (num) {
    return this.cmpn(num) <= 0;
  };

  BN.prototype.lte = function lte (num) {
    return this.cmp(num) <= 0;
  };

  BN.prototype.eqn = function eqn (num) {
    return this.cmpn(num) === 0;
  };

  BN.prototype.eq = function eq (num) {
    return this.cmp(num) === 0;
  };

  //
  // A reduce context, could be using montgomery or something better, depending
  // on the `m` itself.
  //
  BN.red = function red (num) {
    return new Red(num);
  };

  BN.prototype.toRed = function toRed (ctx) {
    assert(!this.red, 'Already a number in reduction context');
    assert(this.negative === 0, 'red works only with positives');
    return ctx.convertTo(this)._forceRed(ctx);
  };

  BN.prototype.fromRed = function fromRed () {
    assert(this.red, 'fromRed works only with numbers in reduction context');
    return this.red.convertFrom(this);
  };

  BN.prototype._forceRed = function _forceRed (ctx) {
    this.red = ctx;
    return this;
  };

  BN.prototype.forceRed = function forceRed (ctx) {
    assert(!this.red, 'Already a number in reduction context');
    return this._forceRed(ctx);
  };

  BN.prototype.redAdd = function redAdd (num) {
    assert(this.red, 'redAdd works only with red numbers');
    return this.red.add(this, num);
  };

  BN.prototype.redIAdd = function redIAdd (num) {
    assert(this.red, 'redIAdd works only with red numbers');
    return this.red.iadd(this, num);
  };

  BN.prototype.redSub = function redSub (num) {
    assert(this.red, 'redSub works only with red numbers');
    return this.red.sub(this, num);
  };

  BN.prototype.redISub = function redISub (num) {
    assert(this.red, 'redISub works only with red numbers');
    return this.red.isub(this, num);
  };

  BN.prototype.redShl = function redShl (num) {
    assert(this.red, 'redShl works only with red numbers');
    return this.red.shl(this, num);
  };

  BN.prototype.redMul = function redMul (num) {
    assert(this.red, 'redMul works only with red numbers');
    this.red._verify2(this, num);
    return this.red.mul(this, num);
  };

  BN.prototype.redIMul = function redIMul (num) {
    assert(this.red, 'redMul works only with red numbers');
    this.red._verify2(this, num);
    return this.red.imul(this, num);
  };

  BN.prototype.redSqr = function redSqr () {
    assert(this.red, 'redSqr works only with red numbers');
    this.red._verify1(this);
    return this.red.sqr(this);
  };

  BN.prototype.redISqr = function redISqr () {
    assert(this.red, 'redISqr works only with red numbers');
    this.red._verify1(this);
    return this.red.isqr(this);
  };

  // Square root over p
  BN.prototype.redSqrt = function redSqrt () {
    assert(this.red, 'redSqrt works only with red numbers');
    this.red._verify1(this);
    return this.red.sqrt(this);
  };

  BN.prototype.redInvm = function redInvm () {
    assert(this.red, 'redInvm works only with red numbers');
    this.red._verify1(this);
    return this.red.invm(this);
  };

  // Return negative clone of `this` % `red modulo`
  BN.prototype.redNeg = function redNeg () {
    assert(this.red, 'redNeg works only with red numbers');
    this.red._verify1(this);
    return this.red.neg(this);
  };

  BN.prototype.redPow = function redPow (num) {
    assert(this.red && !num.red, 'redPow(normalNum)');
    this.red._verify1(this);
    return this.red.pow(this, num);
  };

  // Prime numbers with efficient reduction
  var primes = {
    k256: null,
    p224: null,
    p192: null,
    p25519: null
  };

  // Pseudo-Mersenne prime
  function MPrime (name, p) {
    // P = 2 ^ N - K
    this.name = name;
    this.p = new BN(p, 16);
    this.n = this.p.bitLength();
    this.k = new BN(1).iushln(this.n).isub(this.p);

    this.tmp = this._tmp();
  }

  MPrime.prototype._tmp = function _tmp () {
    var tmp = new BN(null);
    tmp.words = new Array(Math.ceil(this.n / 13));
    return tmp;
  };

  MPrime.prototype.ireduce = function ireduce (num) {
    // Assumes that `num` is less than `P^2`
    // num = HI * (2 ^ N - K) + HI * K + LO = HI * K + LO (mod P)
    var r = num;
    var rlen;

    do {
      this.split(r, this.tmp);
      r = this.imulK(r);
      r = r.iadd(this.tmp);
      rlen = r.bitLength();
    } while (rlen > this.n);

    var cmp = rlen < this.n ? -1 : r.ucmp(this.p);
    if (cmp === 0) {
      r.words[0] = 0;
      r.length = 1;
    } else if (cmp > 0) {
      r.isub(this.p);
    } else {
      r.strip();
    }

    return r;
  };

  MPrime.prototype.split = function split (input, out) {
    input.iushrn(this.n, 0, out);
  };

  MPrime.prototype.imulK = function imulK (num) {
    return num.imul(this.k);
  };

  function K256 () {
    MPrime.call(
      this,
      'k256',
      'ffffffff ffffffff ffffffff ffffffff ffffffff ffffffff fffffffe fffffc2f');
  }
  inherits(K256, MPrime);

  K256.prototype.split = function split (input, output) {
    // 256 = 9 * 26 + 22
    var mask = 0x3fffff;

    var outLen = Math.min(input.length, 9);
    for (var i = 0; i < outLen; i++) {
      output.words[i] = input.words[i];
    }
    output.length = outLen;

    if (input.length <= 9) {
      input.words[0] = 0;
      input.length = 1;
      return;
    }

    // Shift by 9 limbs
    var prev = input.words[9];
    output.words[output.length++] = prev & mask;

    for (i = 10; i < input.length; i++) {
      var next = input.words[i] | 0;
      input.words[i - 10] = ((next & mask) << 4) | (prev >>> 22);
      prev = next;
    }
    prev >>>= 22;
    input.words[i - 10] = prev;
    if (prev === 0 && input.length > 10) {
      input.length -= 10;
    } else {
      input.length -= 9;
    }
  };

  K256.prototype.imulK = function imulK (num) {
    // K = 0x1000003d1 = [ 0x40, 0x3d1 ]
    num.words[num.length] = 0;
    num.words[num.length + 1] = 0;
    num.length += 2;

    // bounded at: 0x40 * 0x3ffffff + 0x3d0 = 0x100000390
    var lo = 0;
    for (var i = 0; i < num.length; i++) {
      var w = num.words[i] | 0;
      lo += w * 0x3d1;
      num.words[i] = lo & 0x3ffffff;
      lo = w * 0x40 + ((lo / 0x4000000) | 0);
    }

    // Fast length reduction
    if (num.words[num.length - 1] === 0) {
      num.length--;
      if (num.words[num.length - 1] === 0) {
        num.length--;
      }
    }
    return num;
  };

  function P224 () {
    MPrime.call(
      this,
      'p224',
      'ffffffff ffffffff ffffffff ffffffff 00000000 00000000 00000001');
  }
  inherits(P224, MPrime);

  function P192 () {
    MPrime.call(
      this,
      'p192',
      'ffffffff ffffffff ffffffff fffffffe ffffffff ffffffff');
  }
  inherits(P192, MPrime);

  function P25519 () {
    // 2 ^ 255 - 19
    MPrime.call(
      this,
      '25519',
      '7fffffffffffffff ffffffffffffffff ffffffffffffffff ffffffffffffffed');
  }
  inherits(P25519, MPrime);

  P25519.prototype.imulK = function imulK (num) {
    // K = 0x13
    var carry = 0;
    for (var i = 0; i < num.length; i++) {
      var hi = (num.words[i] | 0) * 0x13 + carry;
      var lo = hi & 0x3ffffff;
      hi >>>= 26;

      num.words[i] = lo;
      carry = hi;
    }
    if (carry !== 0) {
      num.words[num.length++] = carry;
    }
    return num;
  };

  // Exported mostly for testing purposes, use plain name instead
  BN._prime = function prime (name) {
    // Cached version of prime
    if (primes[name]) return primes[name];

    var prime;
    if (name === 'k256') {
      prime = new K256();
    } else if (name === 'p224') {
      prime = new P224();
    } else if (name === 'p192') {
      prime = new P192();
    } else if (name === 'p25519') {
      prime = new P25519();
    } else {
      throw new Error('Unknown prime ' + name);
    }
    primes[name] = prime;

    return prime;
  };

  //
  // Base reduction engine
  //
  function Red (m) {
    if (typeof m === 'string') {
      var prime = BN._prime(m);
      this.m = prime.p;
      this.prime = prime;
    } else {
      assert(m.gtn(1), 'modulus must be greater than 1');
      this.m = m;
      this.prime = null;
    }
  }

  Red.prototype._verify1 = function _verify1 (a) {
    assert(a.negative === 0, 'red works only with positives');
    assert(a.red, 'red works only with red numbers');
  };

  Red.prototype._verify2 = function _verify2 (a, b) {
    assert((a.negative | b.negative) === 0, 'red works only with positives');
    assert(a.red && a.red === b.red,
      'red works only with red numbers');
  };

  Red.prototype.imod = function imod (a) {
    if (this.prime) return this.prime.ireduce(a)._forceRed(this);
    return a.umod(this.m)._forceRed(this);
  };

  Red.prototype.neg = function neg (a) {
    if (a.isZero()) {
      return a.clone();
    }

    return this.m.sub(a)._forceRed(this);
  };

  Red.prototype.add = function add (a, b) {
    this._verify2(a, b);

    var res = a.add(b);
    if (res.cmp(this.m) >= 0) {
      res.isub(this.m);
    }
    return res._forceRed(this);
  };

  Red.prototype.iadd = function iadd (a, b) {
    this._verify2(a, b);

    var res = a.iadd(b);
    if (res.cmp(this.m) >= 0) {
      res.isub(this.m);
    }
    return res;
  };

  Red.prototype.sub = function sub (a, b) {
    this._verify2(a, b);

    var res = a.sub(b);
    if (res.cmpn(0) < 0) {
      res.iadd(this.m);
    }
    return res._forceRed(this);
  };

  Red.prototype.isub = function isub (a, b) {
    this._verify2(a, b);

    var res = a.isub(b);
    if (res.cmpn(0) < 0) {
      res.iadd(this.m);
    }
    return res;
  };

  Red.prototype.shl = function shl (a, num) {
    this._verify1(a);
    return this.imod(a.ushln(num));
  };

  Red.prototype.imul = function imul (a, b) {
    this._verify2(a, b);
    return this.imod(a.imul(b));
  };

  Red.prototype.mul = function mul (a, b) {
    this._verify2(a, b);
    return this.imod(a.mul(b));
  };

  Red.prototype.isqr = function isqr (a) {
    return this.imul(a, a.clone());
  };

  Red.prototype.sqr = function sqr (a) {
    return this.mul(a, a);
  };

  Red.prototype.sqrt = function sqrt (a) {
    if (a.isZero()) return a.clone();

    var mod3 = this.m.andln(3);
    assert(mod3 % 2 === 1);

    // Fast case
    if (mod3 === 3) {
      var pow = this.m.add(new BN(1)).iushrn(2);
      return this.pow(a, pow);
    }

    // Tonelli-Shanks algorithm (Totally unoptimized and slow)
    //
    // Find Q and S, that Q * 2 ^ S = (P - 1)
    var q = this.m.subn(1);
    var s = 0;
    while (!q.isZero() && q.andln(1) === 0) {
      s++;
      q.iushrn(1);
    }
    assert(!q.isZero());

    var one = new BN(1).toRed(this);
    var nOne = one.redNeg();

    // Find quadratic non-residue
    // NOTE: Max is such because of generalized Riemann hypothesis.
    var lpow = this.m.subn(1).iushrn(1);
    var z = this.m.bitLength();
    z = new BN(2 * z * z).toRed(this);

    while (this.pow(z, lpow).cmp(nOne) !== 0) {
      z.redIAdd(nOne);
    }

    var c = this.pow(z, q);
    var r = this.pow(a, q.addn(1).iushrn(1));
    var t = this.pow(a, q);
    var m = s;
    while (t.cmp(one) !== 0) {
      var tmp = t;
      for (var i = 0; tmp.cmp(one) !== 0; i++) {
        tmp = tmp.redSqr();
      }
      assert(i < m);
      var b = this.pow(c, new BN(1).iushln(m - i - 1));

      r = r.redMul(b);
      c = b.redSqr();
      t = t.redMul(c);
      m = i;
    }

    return r;
  };

  Red.prototype.invm = function invm (a) {
    var inv = a._invmp(this.m);
    if (inv.negative !== 0) {
      inv.negative = 0;
      return this.imod(inv).redNeg();
    } else {
      return this.imod(inv);
    }
  };

  Red.prototype.pow = function pow (a, num) {
    if (num.isZero()) return new BN(1).toRed(this);
    if (num.cmpn(1) === 0) return a.clone();

    var windowSize = 4;
    var wnd = new Array(1 << windowSize);
    wnd[0] = new BN(1).toRed(this);
    wnd[1] = a;
    for (var i = 2; i < wnd.length; i++) {
      wnd[i] = this.mul(wnd[i - 1], a);
    }

    var res = wnd[0];
    var current = 0;
    var currentLen = 0;
    var start = num.bitLength() % 26;
    if (start === 0) {
      start = 26;
    }

    for (i = num.length - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
      var word = num.words[i];
      for (var j = start - 1; j >= 0; j--) {
        var bit = (word >> j) & 1;
        if (res !== wnd[0]) {
          res = this.sqr(res);
        }

        if (bit === 0 && current === 0) {
          currentLen = 0;
          continue;
        }

        current <<= 1;
        current |= bit;
        currentLen++;
        if (currentLen !== windowSize && (i !== 0 || j !== 0)) continue;

        res = this.mul(res, wnd[current]);
        currentLen = 0;
        current = 0;
      }
      start = 26;
    }

    return res;
  };

  Red.prototype.convertTo = function convertTo (num) {
    var r = num.umod(this.m);

    return r === num ? r.clone() : r;
  };

  Red.prototype.convertFrom = function convertFrom (num) {
    var res = num.clone();
    res.red = null;
    return res;
  };

  //
  // Montgomery method engine
  //

  BN.mont = function mont (num) {
    return new Mont(num);
  };

  function Mont (m) {
    Red.call(this, m);

    this.shift = this.m.bitLength();
    if (this.shift % 26 !== 0) {
      this.shift += 26 - (this.shift % 26);
    }

    this.r = new BN(1).iushln(this.shift);
    this.r2 = this.imod(this.r.sqr());
    this.rinv = this.r._invmp(this.m);

    this.minv = this.rinv.mul(this.r).isubn(1).div(this.m);
    this.minv = this.minv.umod(this.r);
    this.minv = this.r.sub(this.minv);
  }
  inherits(Mont, Red);

  Mont.prototype.convertTo = function convertTo (num) {
    return this.imod(num.ushln(this.shift));
  };

  Mont.prototype.convertFrom = function convertFrom (num) {
    var r = this.imod(num.mul(this.rinv));
    r.red = null;
    return r;
  };

  Mont.prototype.imul = function imul (a, b) {
    if (a.isZero() || b.isZero()) {
      a.words[0] = 0;
      a.length = 1;
      return a;
    }

    var t = a.imul(b);
    var c = t.maskn(this.shift).mul(this.minv).imaskn(this.shift).mul(this.m);
    var u = t.isub(c).iushrn(this.shift);
    var res = u;

    if (u.cmp(this.m) >= 0) {
      res = u.isub(this.m);
    } else if (u.cmpn(0) < 0) {
      res = u.iadd(this.m);
    }

    return res._forceRed(this);
  };

  Mont.prototype.mul = function mul (a, b) {
    if (a.isZero() || b.isZero()) return new BN(0)._forceRed(this);

    var t = a.mul(b);
    var c = t.maskn(this.shift).mul(this.minv).imaskn(this.shift).mul(this.m);
    var u = t.isub(c).iushrn(this.shift);
    var res = u;
    if (u.cmp(this.m) >= 0) {
      res = u.isub(this.m);
    } else if (u.cmpn(0) < 0) {
      res = u.iadd(this.m);
    }

    return res._forceRed(this);
  };

  Mont.prototype.invm = function invm (a) {
    // (AR)^-1 * R^2 = (A^-1 * R^-1) * R^2 = A^-1 * R
    var res = this.imod(a._invmp(this.m).mul(this.r2));
    return res._forceRed(this);
  };
})(typeof module === 'undefined' || module, this);

},{"buffer":6}],6:[function(require,module,exports){

},{}],7:[function(require,module,exports){
(function (global){
'use strict';

var csjs = require('csjs');
var insertCss = require('insert-css');

function csjsInserter() {
  var args = Array.prototype.slice.call(arguments);
  var result = csjs.apply(null, args);
  if (global.document) {
    insertCss(csjs.getCss(result));
  }
  return result;
}

module.exports = csjsInserter;

}).call(this,typeof global !== "undefined" ? global : typeof self !== "undefined" ? self : typeof window !== "undefined" ? window : {})
},{"csjs":12,"insert-css":37}],8:[function(require,module,exports){
'use strict';

module.exports = require('csjs/get-css');

},{"csjs/get-css":11}],9:[function(require,module,exports){
'use strict';

var csjs = require('./csjs');

module.exports = csjs;
module.exports.csjs = csjs;
module.exports.getCss = require('./get-css');

},{"./csjs":7,"./get-css":8}],10:[function(require,module,exports){
'use strict';

module.exports = require('./lib/csjs');

},{"./lib/csjs":16}],11:[function(require,module,exports){
'use strict';

module.exports = require('./lib/get-css');

},{"./lib/get-css":20}],12:[function(require,module,exports){
'use strict';

var csjs = require('./csjs');

module.exports = csjs();
module.exports.csjs = csjs;
module.exports.noScope = csjs({ noscope: true });
module.exports.getCss = require('./get-css');

},{"./csjs":10,"./get-css":11}],13:[function(require,module,exports){
'use strict';

/**
 * base62 encode implementation based on base62 module:
 * https://github.com/andrew/base62.js
 */

var CHARS = '0123456789abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyzABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ';

module.exports = function encode(integer) {
  if (integer === 0) {
    return '0';
  }
  var str = '';
  while (integer > 0) {
    str = CHARS[integer % 62] + str;
    integer = Math.floor(integer / 62);
  }
  return str;
};

},{}],14:[function(require,module,exports){
'use strict';

var makeComposition = require('./composition').makeComposition;

module.exports = function createExports(classes, keyframes, compositions) {
  var keyframesObj = Object.keys(keyframes).reduce(function(acc, key) {
    var val = keyframes[key];
    acc[val] = makeComposition([key], [val], true);
    return acc;
  }, {});

  var exports = Object.keys(classes).reduce(function(acc, key) {
    var val = classes[key];
    var composition = compositions[key];
    var extended = composition ? getClassChain(composition) : [];
    var allClasses = [key].concat(extended);
    var unscoped = allClasses.map(function(name) {
      return classes[name] ? classes[name] : name;
    });
    acc[val] = makeComposition(allClasses, unscoped);
    return acc;
  }, keyframesObj);

  return exports;
}

function getClassChain(obj) {
  var visited = {}, acc = [];

  function traverse(obj) {
    return Object.keys(obj).forEach(function(key) {
      if (!visited[key]) {
        visited[key] = true;
        acc.push(key);
        traverse(obj[key]);
      }
    });
  }

  traverse(obj);
  return acc;
}

},{"./composition":15}],15:[function(require,module,exports){
'use strict';

module.exports = {
  makeComposition: makeComposition,
  isComposition: isComposition,
  ignoreComposition: ignoreComposition
};

/**
 * Returns an immutable composition object containing the given class names
 * @param  {array} classNames - The input array of class names
 * @return {Composition}      - An immutable object that holds multiple
 *                              representations of the class composition
 */
function makeComposition(classNames, unscoped, isAnimation) {
  var classString = classNames.join(' ');
  return Object.create(Composition.prototype, {
    classNames: { // the original array of class names
      value: Object.freeze(classNames),
      configurable: false,
      writable: false,
      enumerable: true
    },
    unscoped: { // the original array of class names
      value: Object.freeze(unscoped),
      configurable: false,
      writable: false,
      enumerable: true
    },
    className: { // space-separated class string for use in HTML
      value: classString,
      configurable: false,
      writable: false,
      enumerable: true
    },
    selector: { // comma-separated, period-prefixed string for use in CSS
      value: classNames.map(function(name) {
        return isAnimation ? name : '.' + name;
      }).join(', '),
      configurable: false,
      writable: false,
      enumerable: true
    },
    toString: { // toString() method, returns class string for use in HTML
      value: function() {
        return classString;
      },
      configurable: false,
      writeable: false,
      enumerable: false
    }
  });
}

/**
 * Returns whether the input value is a Composition
 * @param value      - value to check
 * @return {boolean} - whether value is a Composition or not
 */
function isComposition(value) {
  return value instanceof Composition;
}

function ignoreComposition(values) {
  return values.reduce(function(acc, val) {
    if (isComposition(val)) {
      val.classNames.forEach(function(name, i) {
        acc[name] = val.unscoped[i];
      });
    }
    return acc;
  }, {});
}

/**
 * Private constructor for use in `instanceof` checks
 */
function Composition() {}

},{}],16:[function(require,module,exports){
'use strict';

var extractExtends = require('./css-extract-extends');
var composition = require('./composition');
var isComposition = composition.isComposition;
var ignoreComposition = composition.ignoreComposition;
var buildExports = require('./build-exports');
var scopify = require('./scopeify');
var cssKey = require('./css-key');
var extractExports = require('./extract-exports');

module.exports = function csjsTemplate(opts) {
  opts = (typeof opts === 'undefined') ? {} : opts;
  var noscope = (typeof opts.noscope === 'undefined') ? false : opts.noscope;

  return function csjsHandler(strings, values) {
    // Fast path to prevent arguments deopt
    var values = Array(arguments.length - 1);
    for (var i = 1; i < arguments.length; i++) {
      values[i - 1] = arguments[i];
    }
    var css = joiner(strings, values.map(selectorize));
    var ignores = ignoreComposition(values);

    var scope = noscope ? extractExports(css) : scopify(css, ignores);
    var extracted = extractExtends(scope.css);
    var localClasses = without(scope.classes, ignores);
    var localKeyframes = without(scope.keyframes, ignores);
    var compositions = extracted.compositions;

    var exports = buildExports(localClasses, localKeyframes, compositions);

    return Object.defineProperty(exports, cssKey, {
      enumerable: false,
      configurable: false,
      writeable: false,
      value: extracted.css
    });
  }
}

/**
 * Replaces class compositions with comma seperated class selectors
 * @param  value - the potential class composition
 * @return       - the original value or the selectorized class composition
 */
function selectorize(value) {
  return isComposition(value) ? value.selector : value;
}

/**
 * Joins template string literals and values
 * @param  {array} strings - array of strings
 * @param  {array} values  - array of values
 * @return {string}        - strings and values joined
 */
function joiner(strings, values) {
  return strings.map(function(str, i) {
    return (i !== values.length) ? str + values[i] : str;
  }).join('');
}

/**
 * Returns first object without keys of second
 * @param  {object} obj      - source object
 * @param  {object} unwanted - object with unwanted keys
 * @return {object}          - first object without unwanted keys
 */
function without(obj, unwanted) {
  return Object.keys(obj).reduce(function(acc, key) {
    if (!unwanted[key]) {
      acc[key] = obj[key];
    }
    return acc;
  }, {});
}

},{"./build-exports":14,"./composition":15,"./css-extract-extends":17,"./css-key":18,"./extract-exports":19,"./scopeify":25}],17:[function(require,module,exports){
'use strict';

var makeComposition = require('./composition').makeComposition;

var regex = /\.([^\s]+)(\s+)(extends\s+)(\.[^{]+)/g;

module.exports = function extractExtends(css) {
  var found, matches = [];
  while (found = regex.exec(css)) {
    matches.unshift(found);
  }

  function extractCompositions(acc, match) {
    var extendee = getClassName(match[1]);
    var keyword = match[3];
    var extended = match[4];

    // remove from output css
    var index = match.index + match[1].length + match[2].length;
    var len = keyword.length + extended.length;
    acc.css = acc.css.slice(0, index) + " " + acc.css.slice(index + len + 1);

    var extendedClasses = splitter(extended);

    extendedClasses.forEach(function(className) {
      if (!acc.compositions[extendee]) {
        acc.compositions[extendee] = {};
      }
      if (!acc.compositions[className]) {
        acc.compositions[className] = {};
      }
      acc.compositions[extendee][className] = acc.compositions[className];
    });
    return acc;
  }

  return matches.reduce(extractCompositions, {
    css: css,
    compositions: {}
  });

};

function splitter(match) {
  return match.split(',').map(getClassName);
}

function getClassName(str) {
  var trimmed = str.trim();
  return trimmed[0] === '.' ? trimmed.substr(1) : trimmed;
}

},{"./composition":15}],18:[function(require,module,exports){
'use strict';

/**
 * CSS identifiers with whitespace are invalid
 * Hence this key will not cause a collision
 */

module.exports = ' css ';

},{}],19:[function(require,module,exports){
'use strict';

var regex = require('./regex');
var classRegex = regex.classRegex;
var keyframesRegex = regex.keyframesRegex;

module.exports = extractExports;

function extractExports(css) {
  return {
    css: css,
    keyframes: getExport(css, keyframesRegex),
    classes: getExport(css, classRegex)
  };
}

function getExport(css, regex) {
  var prop = {};
  var match;
  while((match = regex.exec(css)) !== null) {
    var name = match[2];
    prop[name] = name;
  }
  return prop;
}

},{"./regex":22}],20:[function(require,module,exports){
'use strict';

var cssKey = require('./css-key');

module.exports = function getCss(csjs) {
  return csjs[cssKey];
};

},{"./css-key":18}],21:[function(require,module,exports){
'use strict';

/**
 * djb2 string hash implementation based on string-hash module:
 * https://github.com/darkskyapp/string-hash
 */

module.exports = function hashStr(str) {
  var hash = 5381;
  var i = str.length;

  while (i) {
    hash = (hash * 33) ^ str.charCodeAt(--i)
  }
  return hash >>> 0;
};

},{}],22:[function(require,module,exports){
'use strict';

var findClasses = /(\.)(?!\d)([^\s\.,{\[>+~#:)]*)(?![^{]*})/.source;
var findKeyframes = /(@\S*keyframes\s*)([^{\s]*)/.source;
var ignoreComments = /(?!(?:[^*/]|\*[^/]|\/[^*])*\*+\/)/.source;

var classRegex = new RegExp(findClasses + ignoreComments, 'g');
var keyframesRegex = new RegExp(findKeyframes + ignoreComments, 'g');

module.exports = {
  classRegex: classRegex,
  keyframesRegex: keyframesRegex,
  ignoreComments: ignoreComments,
};

},{}],23:[function(require,module,exports){
var ignoreComments = require('./regex').ignoreComments;

module.exports = replaceAnimations;

function replaceAnimations(result) {
  var animations = Object.keys(result.keyframes).reduce(function(acc, key) {
    acc[result.keyframes[key]] = key;
    return acc;
  }, {});
  var unscoped = Object.keys(animations);

  if (unscoped.length) {
    var regexStr = '((?:animation|animation-name)\\s*:[^};]*)('
      + unscoped.join('|') + ')([;\\s])' + ignoreComments;
    var regex = new RegExp(regexStr, 'g');

    var replaced = result.css.replace(regex, function(match, preamble, name, ending) {
      return preamble + animations[name] + ending;
    });

    return {
      css: replaced,
      keyframes: result.keyframes,
      classes: result.classes
    }
  }

  return result;
}

},{"./regex":22}],24:[function(require,module,exports){
'use strict';

var encode = require('./base62-encode');
var hash = require('./hash-string');

module.exports = function fileScoper(fileSrc) {
  var suffix = encode(hash(fileSrc));

  return function scopedName(name) {
    return name + '_' + suffix;
  }
};

},{"./base62-encode":13,"./hash-string":21}],25:[function(require,module,exports){
'use strict';

var fileScoper = require('./scoped-name');
var replaceAnimations = require('./replace-animations');
var regex = require('./regex');
var classRegex = regex.classRegex;
var keyframesRegex = regex.keyframesRegex;

module.exports = scopify;

function scopify(css, ignores) {
  var makeScopedName = fileScoper(css);
  var replacers = {
    classes: classRegex,
    keyframes: keyframesRegex
  };

  function scopeCss(result, key) {
    var replacer = replacers[key];
    function replaceFn(fullMatch, prefix, name) {
      var scopedName = ignores[name] ? name : makeScopedName(name);
      result[key][scopedName] = name;
      return prefix + scopedName;
    }
    return {
      css: result.css.replace(replacer, replaceFn),
      keyframes: result.keyframes,
      classes: result.classes
    };
  }

  var result = Object.keys(replacers).reduce(scopeCss, {
    css: css,
    keyframes: {},
    classes: {}
  });

  return replaceAnimations(result);
}

},{"./regex":22,"./replace-animations":23,"./scoped-name":24}],26:[function(require,module,exports){
// This was ported from https://github.com/emn178/js-sha3, with some minor
// modifications and pruning. It is licensed under MIT:
//
// Copyright 2015-2016 Chen, Yi-Cyuan
//  
// Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining
// a copy of this software and associated documentation files (the
// "Software"), to deal in the Software without restriction, including
// without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish,
// distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software, and to
// permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so, subject to
// the following conditions:
// 
// The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be
// included in all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
// 
// THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND,
// EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF
// MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND
// NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE
// LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION
// OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION
// WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.

var HEX_CHARS = '0123456789abcdef'.split('');
var KECCAK_PADDING = [1, 256, 65536, 16777216];
var SHIFT = [0, 8, 16, 24];
var RC = [1, 0, 32898, 0, 32906, 2147483648, 2147516416, 2147483648, 32907, 0, 2147483649, 0, 2147516545, 2147483648, 32777, 2147483648, 138, 0, 136, 0, 2147516425, 0, 2147483658, 0, 2147516555, 0, 139, 2147483648, 32905, 2147483648, 32771, 2147483648, 32770, 2147483648, 128, 2147483648, 32778, 0, 2147483658, 2147483648, 2147516545, 2147483648, 32896, 2147483648, 2147483649, 0, 2147516424, 2147483648];

var Keccak = function Keccak(bits) {
  return {
    blocks: [],
    reset: true,
    block: 0,
    start: 0,
    blockCount: 1600 - (bits << 1) >> 5,
    outputBlocks: bits >> 5,
    s: function (s) {
      return [].concat(s, s, s, s, s);
    }([0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0])
  };
};

var update = function update(state, message) {
  var length = message.length,
      blocks = state.blocks,
      byteCount = state.blockCount << 2,
      blockCount = state.blockCount,
      outputBlocks = state.outputBlocks,
      s = state.s,
      index = 0,
      i,
      code;

  // update
  while (index < length) {
    if (state.reset) {
      state.reset = false;
      blocks[0] = state.block;
      for (i = 1; i < blockCount + 1; ++i) {
        blocks[i] = 0;
      }
    }
    if (typeof message !== "string") {
      for (i = state.start; index < length && i < byteCount; ++index) {
        blocks[i >> 2] |= message[index] << SHIFT[i++ & 3];
      }
    } else {
      for (i = state.start; index < length && i < byteCount; ++index) {
        code = message.charCodeAt(index);
        if (code < 0x80) {
          blocks[i >> 2] |= code << SHIFT[i++ & 3];
        } else if (code < 0x800) {
          blocks[i >> 2] |= (0xc0 | code >> 6) << SHIFT[i++ & 3];
          blocks[i >> 2] |= (0x80 | code & 0x3f) << SHIFT[i++ & 3];
        } else if (code < 0xd800 || code >= 0xe000) {
          blocks[i >> 2] |= (0xe0 | code >> 12) << SHIFT[i++ & 3];
          blocks[i >> 2] |= (0x80 | code >> 6 & 0x3f) << SHIFT[i++ & 3];
          blocks[i >> 2] |= (0x80 | code & 0x3f) << SHIFT[i++ & 3];
        } else {
          code = 0x10000 + ((code & 0x3ff) << 10 | message.charCodeAt(++index) & 0x3ff);
          blocks[i >> 2] |= (0xf0 | code >> 18) << SHIFT[i++ & 3];
          blocks[i >> 2] |= (0x80 | code >> 12 & 0x3f) << SHIFT[i++ & 3];
          blocks[i >> 2] |= (0x80 | code >> 6 & 0x3f) << SHIFT[i++ & 3];
          blocks[i >> 2] |= (0x80 | code & 0x3f) << SHIFT[i++ & 3];
        }
      }
    }
    state.lastByteIndex = i;
    if (i >= byteCount) {
      state.start = i - byteCount;
      state.block = blocks[blockCount];
      for (i = 0; i < blockCount; ++i) {
        s[i] ^= blocks[i];
      }
      f(s);
      state.reset = true;
    } else {
      state.start = i;
    }
  }

  // finalize
  i = state.lastByteIndex;
  blocks[i >> 2] |= KECCAK_PADDING[i & 3];
  if (state.lastByteIndex === byteCount) {
    blocks[0] = blocks[blockCount];
    for (i = 1; i < blockCount + 1; ++i) {
      blocks[i] = 0;
    }
  }
  blocks[blockCount - 1] |= 0x80000000;
  for (i = 0; i < blockCount; ++i) {
    s[i] ^= blocks[i];
  }
  f(s);

  // toString
  var hex = '',
      i = 0,
      j = 0,
      block;
  while (j < outputBlocks) {
    for (i = 0; i < blockCount && j < outputBlocks; ++i, ++j) {
      block = s[i];
      hex += HEX_CHARS[block >> 4 & 0x0F] + HEX_CHARS[block & 0x0F] + HEX_CHARS[block >> 12 & 0x0F] + HEX_CHARS[block >> 8 & 0x0F] + HEX_CHARS[block >> 20 & 0x0F] + HEX_CHARS[block >> 16 & 0x0F] + HEX_CHARS[block >> 28 & 0x0F] + HEX_CHARS[block >> 24 & 0x0F];
    }
    if (j % blockCount === 0) {
      f(s);
      i = 0;
    }
  }
  return "0x" + hex;
};

var f = function f(s) {
  var h, l, n, c0, c1, c2, c3, c4, c5, c6, c7, c8, c9, b0, b1, b2, b3, b4, b5, b6, b7, b8, b9, b10, b11, b12, b13, b14, b15, b16, b17, b18, b19, b20, b21, b22, b23, b24, b25, b26, b27, b28, b29, b30, b31, b32, b33, b34, b35, b36, b37, b38, b39, b40, b41, b42, b43, b44, b45, b46, b47, b48, b49;

  for (n = 0; n < 48; n += 2) {
    c0 = s[0] ^ s[10] ^ s[20] ^ s[30] ^ s[40];
    c1 = s[1] ^ s[11] ^ s[21] ^ s[31] ^ s[41];
    c2 = s[2] ^ s[12] ^ s[22] ^ s[32] ^ s[42];
    c3 = s[3] ^ s[13] ^ s[23] ^ s[33] ^ s[43];
    c4 = s[4] ^ s[14] ^ s[24] ^ s[34] ^ s[44];
    c5 = s[5] ^ s[15] ^ s[25] ^ s[35] ^ s[45];
    c6 = s[6] ^ s[16] ^ s[26] ^ s[36] ^ s[46];
    c7 = s[7] ^ s[17] ^ s[27] ^ s[37] ^ s[47];
    c8 = s[8] ^ s[18] ^ s[28] ^ s[38] ^ s[48];
    c9 = s[9] ^ s[19] ^ s[29] ^ s[39] ^ s[49];

    h = c8 ^ (c2 << 1 | c3 >>> 31);
    l = c9 ^ (c3 << 1 | c2 >>> 31);
    s[0] ^= h;
    s[1] ^= l;
    s[10] ^= h;
    s[11] ^= l;
    s[20] ^= h;
    s[21] ^= l;
    s[30] ^= h;
    s[31] ^= l;
    s[40] ^= h;
    s[41] ^= l;
    h = c0 ^ (c4 << 1 | c5 >>> 31);
    l = c1 ^ (c5 << 1 | c4 >>> 31);
    s[2] ^= h;
    s[3] ^= l;
    s[12] ^= h;
    s[13] ^= l;
    s[22] ^= h;
    s[23] ^= l;
    s[32] ^= h;
    s[33] ^= l;
    s[42] ^= h;
    s[43] ^= l;
    h = c2 ^ (c6 << 1 | c7 >>> 31);
    l = c3 ^ (c7 << 1 | c6 >>> 31);
    s[4] ^= h;
    s[5] ^= l;
    s[14] ^= h;
    s[15] ^= l;
    s[24] ^= h;
    s[25] ^= l;
    s[34] ^= h;
    s[35] ^= l;
    s[44] ^= h;
    s[45] ^= l;
    h = c4 ^ (c8 << 1 | c9 >>> 31);
    l = c5 ^ (c9 << 1 | c8 >>> 31);
    s[6] ^= h;
    s[7] ^= l;
    s[16] ^= h;
    s[17] ^= l;
    s[26] ^= h;
    s[27] ^= l;
    s[36] ^= h;
    s[37] ^= l;
    s[46] ^= h;
    s[47] ^= l;
    h = c6 ^ (c0 << 1 | c1 >>> 31);
    l = c7 ^ (c1 << 1 | c0 >>> 31);
    s[8] ^= h;
    s[9] ^= l;
    s[18] ^= h;
    s[19] ^= l;
    s[28] ^= h;
    s[29] ^= l;
    s[38] ^= h;
    s[39] ^= l;
    s[48] ^= h;
    s[49] ^= l;

    b0 = s[0];
    b1 = s[1];
    b32 = s[11] << 4 | s[10] >>> 28;
    b33 = s[10] << 4 | s[11] >>> 28;
    b14 = s[20] << 3 | s[21] >>> 29;
    b15 = s[21] << 3 | s[20] >>> 29;
    b46 = s[31] << 9 | s[30] >>> 23;
    b47 = s[30] << 9 | s[31] >>> 23;
    b28 = s[40] << 18 | s[41] >>> 14;
    b29 = s[41] << 18 | s[40] >>> 14;
    b20 = s[2] << 1 | s[3] >>> 31;
    b21 = s[3] << 1 | s[2] >>> 31;
    b2 = s[13] << 12 | s[12] >>> 20;
    b3 = s[12] << 12 | s[13] >>> 20;
    b34 = s[22] << 10 | s[23] >>> 22;
    b35 = s[23] << 10 | s[22] >>> 22;
    b16 = s[33] << 13 | s[32] >>> 19;
    b17 = s[32] << 13 | s[33] >>> 19;
    b48 = s[42] << 2 | s[43] >>> 30;
    b49 = s[43] << 2 | s[42] >>> 30;
    b40 = s[5] << 30 | s[4] >>> 2;
    b41 = s[4] << 30 | s[5] >>> 2;
    b22 = s[14] << 6 | s[15] >>> 26;
    b23 = s[15] << 6 | s[14] >>> 26;
    b4 = s[25] << 11 | s[24] >>> 21;
    b5 = s[24] << 11 | s[25] >>> 21;
    b36 = s[34] << 15 | s[35] >>> 17;
    b37 = s[35] << 15 | s[34] >>> 17;
    b18 = s[45] << 29 | s[44] >>> 3;
    b19 = s[44] << 29 | s[45] >>> 3;
    b10 = s[6] << 28 | s[7] >>> 4;
    b11 = s[7] << 28 | s[6] >>> 4;
    b42 = s[17] << 23 | s[16] >>> 9;
    b43 = s[16] << 23 | s[17] >>> 9;
    b24 = s[26] << 25 | s[27] >>> 7;
    b25 = s[27] << 25 | s[26] >>> 7;
    b6 = s[36] << 21 | s[37] >>> 11;
    b7 = s[37] << 21 | s[36] >>> 11;
    b38 = s[47] << 24 | s[46] >>> 8;
    b39 = s[46] << 24 | s[47] >>> 8;
    b30 = s[8] << 27 | s[9] >>> 5;
    b31 = s[9] << 27 | s[8] >>> 5;
    b12 = s[18] << 20 | s[19] >>> 12;
    b13 = s[19] << 20 | s[18] >>> 12;
    b44 = s[29] << 7 | s[28] >>> 25;
    b45 = s[28] << 7 | s[29] >>> 25;
    b26 = s[38] << 8 | s[39] >>> 24;
    b27 = s[39] << 8 | s[38] >>> 24;
    b8 = s[48] << 14 | s[49] >>> 18;
    b9 = s[49] << 14 | s[48] >>> 18;

    s[0] = b0 ^ ~b2 & b4;
    s[1] = b1 ^ ~b3 & b5;
    s[10] = b10 ^ ~b12 & b14;
    s[11] = b11 ^ ~b13 & b15;
    s[20] = b20 ^ ~b22 & b24;
    s[21] = b21 ^ ~b23 & b25;
    s[30] = b30 ^ ~b32 & b34;
    s[31] = b31 ^ ~b33 & b35;
    s[40] = b40 ^ ~b42 & b44;
    s[41] = b41 ^ ~b43 & b45;
    s[2] = b2 ^ ~b4 & b6;
    s[3] = b3 ^ ~b5 & b7;
    s[12] = b12 ^ ~b14 & b16;
    s[13] = b13 ^ ~b15 & b17;
    s[22] = b22 ^ ~b24 & b26;
    s[23] = b23 ^ ~b25 & b27;
    s[32] = b32 ^ ~b34 & b36;
    s[33] = b33 ^ ~b35 & b37;
    s[42] = b42 ^ ~b44 & b46;
    s[43] = b43 ^ ~b45 & b47;
    s[4] = b4 ^ ~b6 & b8;
    s[5] = b5 ^ ~b7 & b9;
    s[14] = b14 ^ ~b16 & b18;
    s[15] = b15 ^ ~b17 & b19;
    s[24] = b24 ^ ~b26 & b28;
    s[25] = b25 ^ ~b27 & b29;
    s[34] = b34 ^ ~b36 & b38;
    s[35] = b35 ^ ~b37 & b39;
    s[44] = b44 ^ ~b46 & b48;
    s[45] = b45 ^ ~b47 & b49;
    s[6] = b6 ^ ~b8 & b0;
    s[7] = b7 ^ ~b9 & b1;
    s[16] = b16 ^ ~b18 & b10;
    s[17] = b17 ^ ~b19 & b11;
    s[26] = b26 ^ ~b28 & b20;
    s[27] = b27 ^ ~b29 & b21;
    s[36] = b36 ^ ~b38 & b30;
    s[37] = b37 ^ ~b39 & b31;
    s[46] = b46 ^ ~b48 & b40;
    s[47] = b47 ^ ~b49 & b41;
    s[8] = b8 ^ ~b0 & b2;
    s[9] = b9 ^ ~b1 & b3;
    s[18] = b18 ^ ~b10 & b12;
    s[19] = b19 ^ ~b11 & b13;
    s[28] = b28 ^ ~b20 & b22;
    s[29] = b29 ^ ~b21 & b23;
    s[38] = b38 ^ ~b30 & b32;
    s[39] = b39 ^ ~b31 & b33;
    s[48] = b48 ^ ~b40 & b42;
    s[49] = b49 ^ ~b41 & b43;

    s[0] ^= RC[n];
    s[1] ^= RC[n + 1];
  }
};

var keccak = function keccak(bits) {
  return function (str) {
    var msg;
    if (str.slice(0, 2) === "0x") {
      msg = [];
      for (var i = 2, l = str.length; i < l; i += 2) {
        msg.push(parseInt(str.slice(i, i + 2), 16));
      }
    } else {
      msg = str;
    }
    return update(Keccak(bits, bits), msg);
  };
};

module.exports = {
  keccak256: keccak(256),
  keccak512: keccak(512),
  keccak256s: keccak(256),
  keccak512s: keccak(512)
};
},{}],27:[function(require,module,exports){
'use strict';

var BN = require('bn.js');
var numberToBN = require('number-to-bn');

var zero = new BN(0);
var negative1 = new BN(-1);

// complete ethereum unit map
var unitMap = {
  'noether': '0', // eslint-disable-line
  'wei': '1', // eslint-disable-line
  'kwei': '1000', // eslint-disable-line
  'Kwei': '1000', // eslint-disable-line
  'babbage': '1000', // eslint-disable-line
  'femtoether': '1000', // eslint-disable-line
  'mwei': '1000000', // eslint-disable-line
  'Mwei': '1000000', // eslint-disable-line
  'lovelace': '1000000', // eslint-disable-line
  'picoether': '1000000', // eslint-disable-line
  'gwei': '1000000000', // eslint-disable-line
  'Gwei': '1000000000', // eslint-disable-line
  'shannon': '1000000000', // eslint-disable-line
  'nanoether': '1000000000', // eslint-disable-line
  'nano': '1000000000', // eslint-disable-line
  'szabo': '1000000000000', // eslint-disable-line
  'microether': '1000000000000', // eslint-disable-line
  'micro': '1000000000000', // eslint-disable-line
  'finney': '1000000000000000', // eslint-disable-line
  'milliether': '1000000000000000', // eslint-disable-line
  'milli': '1000000000000000', // eslint-disable-line
  'ether': '1000000000000000000', // eslint-disable-line
  'kether': '1000000000000000000000', // eslint-disable-line
  'grand': '1000000000000000000000', // eslint-disable-line
  'mether': '1000000000000000000000000', // eslint-disable-line
  'gether': '1000000000000000000000000000', // eslint-disable-line
  'tether': '1000000000000000000000000000000' };

/**
 * Returns value of unit in Wei
 *
 * @method getValueOfUnit
 * @param {String} unit the unit to convert to, default ether
 * @returns {BigNumber} value of the unit (in Wei)
 * @throws error if the unit is not correct:w
 */
function getValueOfUnit(unitInput) {
  var unit = unitInput ? unitInput.toLowerCase() : 'ether';
  var unitValue = unitMap[unit]; // eslint-disable-line

  if (typeof unitValue !== 'string') {
    throw new Error('[ethjs-unit] the unit provided ' + unitInput + ' doesn\'t exists, please use the one of the following units ' + JSON.stringify(unitMap, null, 2));
  }

  return new BN(unitValue, 10);
}

function numberToString(arg) {
  if (typeof arg === 'string') {
    if (!arg.match(/^-?[0-9.]+$/)) {
      throw new Error('while converting number to string, invalid number value \'' + arg + '\', should be a number matching (^-?[0-9.]+).');
    }
    return arg;
  } else if (typeof arg === 'number') {
    return String(arg);
  } else if (typeof arg === 'object' && arg.toString && (arg.toTwos || arg.dividedToIntegerBy)) {
    if (arg.toPrecision) {
      return String(arg.toPrecision());
    } else {
      // eslint-disable-line
      return arg.toString(10);
    }
  }
  throw new Error('while converting number to string, invalid number value \'' + arg + '\' type ' + typeof arg + '.');
}

function fromWei(weiInput, unit, optionsInput) {
  var wei = numberToBN(weiInput); // eslint-disable-line
  var negative = wei.lt(zero); // eslint-disable-line
  var base = getValueOfUnit(unit);
  var baseLength = unitMap[unit].length - 1 || 1;
  var options = optionsInput || {};

  if (negative) {
    wei = wei.mul(negative1);
  }

  var fraction = wei.mod(base).toString(10); // eslint-disable-line

  while (fraction.length < baseLength) {
    fraction = '0' + fraction;
  }

  if (!options.pad) {
    fraction = fraction.match(/^([0-9]*[1-9]|0)(0*)/)[1];
  }

  var whole = wei.div(base).toString(10); // eslint-disable-line

  if (options.commify) {
    whole = whole.replace(/\B(?=(\d{3})+(?!\d))/g, ',');
  }

  var value = '' + whole + (fraction == '0' ? '' : '.' + fraction); // eslint-disable-line

  if (negative) {
    value = '-' + value;
  }

  return value;
}

function toWei(etherInput, unit) {
  var ether = numberToString(etherInput); // eslint-disable-line
  var base = getValueOfUnit(unit);
  var baseLength = unitMap[unit].length - 1 || 1;

  // Is it negative?
  var negative = ether.substring(0, 1) === '-'; // eslint-disable-line
  if (negative) {
    ether = ether.substring(1);
  }

  if (ether === '.') {
    throw new Error('[ethjs-unit] while converting number ' + etherInput + ' to wei, invalid value');
  }

  // Split it into a whole and fractional part
  var comps = ether.split('.'); // eslint-disable-line
  if (comps.length > 2) {
    throw new Error('[ethjs-unit] while converting number ' + etherInput + ' to wei,  too many decimal points');
  }

  var whole = comps[0],
      fraction = comps[1]; // eslint-disable-line

  if (!whole) {
    whole = '0';
  }
  if (!fraction) {
    fraction = '0';
  }
  if (fraction.length > baseLength) {
    throw new Error('[ethjs-unit] while converting number ' + etherInput + ' to wei, too many decimal places');
  }

  while (fraction.length < baseLength) {
    fraction += '0';
  }

  whole = new BN(whole);
  fraction = new BN(fraction);
  var wei = whole.mul(base).add(fraction); // eslint-disable-line

  if (negative) {
    wei = wei.mul(negative1);
  }

  return new BN(wei.toString(10), 10);
}

module.exports = {
  unitMap: unitMap,
  numberToString: numberToString,
  getValueOfUnit: getValueOfUnit,
  fromWei: fromWei,
  toWei: toWei
};
},{"bn.js":28,"number-to-bn":40}],28:[function(require,module,exports){
(function (module, exports) {
  'use strict';

  // Utils
  function assert (val, msg) {
    if (!val) throw new Error(msg || 'Assertion failed');
  }

  // Could use `inherits` module, but don't want to move from single file
  // architecture yet.
  function inherits (ctor, superCtor) {
    ctor.super_ = superCtor;
    var TempCtor = function () {};
    TempCtor.prototype = superCtor.prototype;
    ctor.prototype = new TempCtor();
    ctor.prototype.constructor = ctor;
  }

  // BN

  function BN (number, base, endian) {
    if (BN.isBN(number)) {
      return number;
    }

    this.negative = 0;
    this.words = null;
    this.length = 0;

    // Reduction context
    this.red = null;

    if (number !== null) {
      if (base === 'le' || base === 'be') {
        endian = base;
        base = 10;
      }

      this._init(number || 0, base || 10, endian || 'be');
    }
  }
  if (typeof module === 'object') {
    module.exports = BN;
  } else {
    exports.BN = BN;
  }

  BN.BN = BN;
  BN.wordSize = 26;

  var Buffer;
  try {
    Buffer = require('buf' + 'fer').Buffer;
  } catch (e) {
  }

  BN.isBN = function isBN (num) {
    if (num instanceof BN) {
      return true;
    }

    return num !== null && typeof num === 'object' &&
      num.constructor.wordSize === BN.wordSize && Array.isArray(num.words);
  };

  BN.max = function max (left, right) {
    if (left.cmp(right) > 0) return left;
    return right;
  };

  BN.min = function min (left, right) {
    if (left.cmp(right) < 0) return left;
    return right;
  };

  BN.prototype._init = function init (number, base, endian) {
    if (typeof number === 'number') {
      return this._initNumber(number, base, endian);
    }

    if (typeof number === 'object') {
      return this._initArray(number, base, endian);
    }

    if (base === 'hex') {
      base = 16;
    }
    assert(base === (base | 0) && base >= 2 && base <= 36);

    number = number.toString().replace(/\s+/g, '');
    var start = 0;
    if (number[0] === '-') {
      start++;
    }

    if (base === 16) {
      this._parseHex(number, start);
    } else {
      this._parseBase(number, base, start);
    }

    if (number[0] === '-') {
      this.negative = 1;
    }

    this.strip();

    if (endian !== 'le') return;

    this._initArray(this.toArray(), base, endian);
  };

  BN.prototype._initNumber = function _initNumber (number, base, endian) {
    if (number < 0) {
      this.negative = 1;
      number = -number;
    }
    if (number < 0x4000000) {
      this.words = [ number & 0x3ffffff ];
      this.length = 1;
    } else if (number < 0x10000000000000) {
      this.words = [
        number & 0x3ffffff,
        (number / 0x4000000) & 0x3ffffff
      ];
      this.length = 2;
    } else {
      assert(number < 0x20000000000000); // 2 ^ 53 (unsafe)
      this.words = [
        number & 0x3ffffff,
        (number / 0x4000000) & 0x3ffffff,
        1
      ];
      this.length = 3;
    }

    if (endian !== 'le') return;

    // Reverse the bytes
    this._initArray(this.toArray(), base, endian);
  };

  BN.prototype._initArray = function _initArray (number, base, endian) {
    // Perhaps a Uint8Array
    assert(typeof number.length === 'number');
    if (number.length <= 0) {
      this.words = [ 0 ];
      this.length = 1;
      return this;
    }

    this.length = Math.ceil(number.length / 3);
    this.words = new Array(this.length);
    for (var i = 0; i < this.length; i++) {
      this.words[i] = 0;
    }

    var j, w;
    var off = 0;
    if (endian === 'be') {
      for (i = number.length - 1, j = 0; i >= 0; i -= 3) {
        w = number[i] | (number[i - 1] << 8) | (number[i - 2] << 16);
        this.words[j] |= (w << off) & 0x3ffffff;
        this.words[j + 1] = (w >>> (26 - off)) & 0x3ffffff;
        off += 24;
        if (off >= 26) {
          off -= 26;
          j++;
        }
      }
    } else if (endian === 'le') {
      for (i = 0, j = 0; i < number.length; i += 3) {
        w = number[i] | (number[i + 1] << 8) | (number[i + 2] << 16);
        this.words[j] |= (w << off) & 0x3ffffff;
        this.words[j + 1] = (w >>> (26 - off)) & 0x3ffffff;
        off += 24;
        if (off >= 26) {
          off -= 26;
          j++;
        }
      }
    }
    return this.strip();
  };

  function parseHex (str, start, end) {
    var r = 0;
    var len = Math.min(str.length, end);
    for (var i = start; i < len; i++) {
      var c = str.charCodeAt(i) - 48;

      r <<= 4;

      // 'a' - 'f'
      if (c >= 49 && c <= 54) {
        r |= c - 49 + 0xa;

      // 'A' - 'F'
      } else if (c >= 17 && c <= 22) {
        r |= c - 17 + 0xa;

      // '0' - '9'
      } else {
        r |= c & 0xf;
      }
    }
    return r;
  }

  BN.prototype._parseHex = function _parseHex (number, start) {
    // Create possibly bigger array to ensure that it fits the number
    this.length = Math.ceil((number.length - start) / 6);
    this.words = new Array(this.length);
    for (var i = 0; i < this.length; i++) {
      this.words[i] = 0;
    }

    var j, w;
    // Scan 24-bit chunks and add them to the number
    var off = 0;
    for (i = number.length - 6, j = 0; i >= start; i -= 6) {
      w = parseHex(number, i, i + 6);
      this.words[j] |= (w << off) & 0x3ffffff;
      // NOTE: `0x3fffff` is intentional here, 26bits max shift + 24bit hex limb
      this.words[j + 1] |= w >>> (26 - off) & 0x3fffff;
      off += 24;
      if (off >= 26) {
        off -= 26;
        j++;
      }
    }
    if (i + 6 !== start) {
      w = parseHex(number, start, i + 6);
      this.words[j] |= (w << off) & 0x3ffffff;
      this.words[j + 1] |= w >>> (26 - off) & 0x3fffff;
    }
    this.strip();
  };

  function parseBase (str, start, end, mul) {
    var r = 0;
    var len = Math.min(str.length, end);
    for (var i = start; i < len; i++) {
      var c = str.charCodeAt(i) - 48;

      r *= mul;

      // 'a'
      if (c >= 49) {
        r += c - 49 + 0xa;

      // 'A'
      } else if (c >= 17) {
        r += c - 17 + 0xa;

      // '0' - '9'
      } else {
        r += c;
      }
    }
    return r;
  }

  BN.prototype._parseBase = function _parseBase (number, base, start) {
    // Initialize as zero
    this.words = [ 0 ];
    this.length = 1;

    // Find length of limb in base
    for (var limbLen = 0, limbPow = 1; limbPow <= 0x3ffffff; limbPow *= base) {
      limbLen++;
    }
    limbLen--;
    limbPow = (limbPow / base) | 0;

    var total = number.length - start;
    var mod = total % limbLen;
    var end = Math.min(total, total - mod) + start;

    var word = 0;
    for (var i = start; i < end; i += limbLen) {
      word = parseBase(number, i, i + limbLen, base);

      this.imuln(limbPow);
      if (this.words[0] + word < 0x4000000) {
        this.words[0] += word;
      } else {
        this._iaddn(word);
      }
    }

    if (mod !== 0) {
      var pow = 1;
      word = parseBase(number, i, number.length, base);

      for (i = 0; i < mod; i++) {
        pow *= base;
      }

      this.imuln(pow);
      if (this.words[0] + word < 0x4000000) {
        this.words[0] += word;
      } else {
        this._iaddn(word);
      }
    }
  };

  BN.prototype.copy = function copy (dest) {
    dest.words = new Array(this.length);
    for (var i = 0; i < this.length; i++) {
      dest.words[i] = this.words[i];
    }
    dest.length = this.length;
    dest.negative = this.negative;
    dest.red = this.red;
  };

  BN.prototype.clone = function clone () {
    var r = new BN(null);
    this.copy(r);
    return r;
  };

  BN.prototype._expand = function _expand (size) {
    while (this.length < size) {
      this.words[this.length++] = 0;
    }
    return this;
  };

  // Remove leading `0` from `this`
  BN.prototype.strip = function strip () {
    while (this.length > 1 && this.words[this.length - 1] === 0) {
      this.length--;
    }
    return this._normSign();
  };

  BN.prototype._normSign = function _normSign () {
    // -0 = 0
    if (this.length === 1 && this.words[0] === 0) {
      this.negative = 0;
    }
    return this;
  };

  BN.prototype.inspect = function inspect () {
    return (this.red ? '<BN-R: ' : '<BN: ') + this.toString(16) + '>';
  };

  /*

  var zeros = [];
  var groupSizes = [];
  var groupBases = [];

  var s = '';
  var i = -1;
  while (++i < BN.wordSize) {
    zeros[i] = s;
    s += '0';
  }
  groupSizes[0] = 0;
  groupSizes[1] = 0;
  groupBases[0] = 0;
  groupBases[1] = 0;
  var base = 2 - 1;
  while (++base < 36 + 1) {
    var groupSize = 0;
    var groupBase = 1;
    while (groupBase < (1 << BN.wordSize) / base) {
      groupBase *= base;
      groupSize += 1;
    }
    groupSizes[base] = groupSize;
    groupBases[base] = groupBase;
  }

  */

  var zeros = [
    '',
    '0',
    '00',
    '000',
    '0000',
    '00000',
    '000000',
    '0000000',
    '00000000',
    '000000000',
    '0000000000',
    '00000000000',
    '000000000000',
    '0000000000000',
    '00000000000000',
    '000000000000000',
    '0000000000000000',
    '00000000000000000',
    '000000000000000000',
    '0000000000000000000',
    '00000000000000000000',
    '000000000000000000000',
    '0000000000000000000000',
    '00000000000000000000000',
    '000000000000000000000000',
    '0000000000000000000000000'
  ];

  var groupSizes = [
    0, 0,
    25, 16, 12, 11, 10, 9, 8,
    8, 7, 7, 7, 7, 6, 6,
    6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 5, 5,
    5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5,
    5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5
  ];

  var groupBases = [
    0, 0,
    33554432, 43046721, 16777216, 48828125, 60466176, 40353607, 16777216,
    43046721, 10000000, 19487171, 35831808, 62748517, 7529536, 11390625,
    16777216, 24137569, 34012224, 47045881, 64000000, 4084101, 5153632,
    6436343, 7962624, 9765625, 11881376, 14348907, 17210368, 20511149,
    24300000, 28629151, 33554432, 39135393, 45435424, 52521875, 60466176
  ];

  BN.prototype.toString = function toString (base, padding) {
    base = base || 10;
    padding = padding | 0 || 1;

    var out;
    if (base === 16 || base === 'hex') {
      out = '';
      var off = 0;
      var carry = 0;
      for (var i = 0; i < this.length; i++) {
        var w = this.words[i];
        var word = (((w << off) | carry) & 0xffffff).toString(16);
        carry = (w >>> (24 - off)) & 0xffffff;
        if (carry !== 0 || i !== this.length - 1) {
          out = zeros[6 - word.length] + word + out;
        } else {
          out = word + out;
        }
        off += 2;
        if (off >= 26) {
          off -= 26;
          i--;
        }
      }
      if (carry !== 0) {
        out = carry.toString(16) + out;
      }
      while (out.length % padding !== 0) {
        out = '0' + out;
      }
      if (this.negative !== 0) {
        out = '-' + out;
      }
      return out;
    }

    if (base === (base | 0) && base >= 2 && base <= 36) {
      // var groupSize = Math.floor(BN.wordSize * Math.LN2 / Math.log(base));
      var groupSize = groupSizes[base];
      // var groupBase = Math.pow(base, groupSize);
      var groupBase = groupBases[base];
      out = '';
      var c = this.clone();
      c.negative = 0;
      while (!c.isZero()) {
        var r = c.modn(groupBase).toString(base);
        c = c.idivn(groupBase);

        if (!c.isZero()) {
          out = zeros[groupSize - r.length] + r + out;
        } else {
          out = r + out;
        }
      }
      if (this.isZero()) {
        out = '0' + out;
      }
      while (out.length % padding !== 0) {
        out = '0' + out;
      }
      if (this.negative !== 0) {
        out = '-' + out;
      }
      return out;
    }

    assert(false, 'Base should be between 2 and 36');
  };

  BN.prototype.toNumber = function toNumber () {
    var ret = this.words[0];
    if (this.length === 2) {
      ret += this.words[1] * 0x4000000;
    } else if (this.length === 3 && this.words[2] === 0x01) {
      // NOTE: at this stage it is known that the top bit is set
      ret += 0x10000000000000 + (this.words[1] * 0x4000000);
    } else if (this.length > 2) {
      assert(false, 'Number can only safely store up to 53 bits');
    }
    return (this.negative !== 0) ? -ret : ret;
  };

  BN.prototype.toJSON = function toJSON () {
    return this.toString(16);
  };

  BN.prototype.toBuffer = function toBuffer (endian, length) {
    assert(typeof Buffer !== 'undefined');
    return this.toArrayLike(Buffer, endian, length);
  };

  BN.prototype.toArray = function toArray (endian, length) {
    return this.toArrayLike(Array, endian, length);
  };

  BN.prototype.toArrayLike = function toArrayLike (ArrayType, endian, length) {
    var byteLength = this.byteLength();
    var reqLength = length || Math.max(1, byteLength);
    assert(byteLength <= reqLength, 'byte array longer than desired length');
    assert(reqLength > 0, 'Requested array length <= 0');

    this.strip();
    var littleEndian = endian === 'le';
    var res = new ArrayType(reqLength);

    var b, i;
    var q = this.clone();
    if (!littleEndian) {
      // Assume big-endian
      for (i = 0; i < reqLength - byteLength; i++) {
        res[i] = 0;
      }

      for (i = 0; !q.isZero(); i++) {
        b = q.andln(0xff);
        q.iushrn(8);

        res[reqLength - i - 1] = b;
      }
    } else {
      for (i = 0; !q.isZero(); i++) {
        b = q.andln(0xff);
        q.iushrn(8);

        res[i] = b;
      }

      for (; i < reqLength; i++) {
        res[i] = 0;
      }
    }

    return res;
  };

  if (Math.clz32) {
    BN.prototype._countBits = function _countBits (w) {
      return 32 - Math.clz32(w);
    };
  } else {
    BN.prototype._countBits = function _countBits (w) {
      var t = w;
      var r = 0;
      if (t >= 0x1000) {
        r += 13;
        t >>>= 13;
      }
      if (t >= 0x40) {
        r += 7;
        t >>>= 7;
      }
      if (t >= 0x8) {
        r += 4;
        t >>>= 4;
      }
      if (t >= 0x02) {
        r += 2;
        t >>>= 2;
      }
      return r + t;
    };
  }

  BN.prototype._zeroBits = function _zeroBits (w) {
    // Short-cut
    if (w === 0) return 26;

    var t = w;
    var r = 0;
    if ((t & 0x1fff) === 0) {
      r += 13;
      t >>>= 13;
    }
    if ((t & 0x7f) === 0) {
      r += 7;
      t >>>= 7;
    }
    if ((t & 0xf) === 0) {
      r += 4;
      t >>>= 4;
    }
    if ((t & 0x3) === 0) {
      r += 2;
      t >>>= 2;
    }
    if ((t & 0x1) === 0) {
      r++;
    }
    return r;
  };

  // Return number of used bits in a BN
  BN.prototype.bitLength = function bitLength () {
    var w = this.words[this.length - 1];
    var hi = this._countBits(w);
    return (this.length - 1) * 26 + hi;
  };

  function toBitArray (num) {
    var w = new Array(num.bitLength());

    for (var bit = 0; bit < w.length; bit++) {
      var off = (bit / 26) | 0;
      var wbit = bit % 26;

      w[bit] = (num.words[off] & (1 << wbit)) >>> wbit;
    }

    return w;
  }

  // Number of trailing zero bits
  BN.prototype.zeroBits = function zeroBits () {
    if (this.isZero()) return 0;

    var r = 0;
    for (var i = 0; i < this.length; i++) {
      var b = this._zeroBits(this.words[i]);
      r += b;
      if (b !== 26) break;
    }
    return r;
  };

  BN.prototype.byteLength = function byteLength () {
    return Math.ceil(this.bitLength() / 8);
  };

  BN.prototype.toTwos = function toTwos (width) {
    if (this.negative !== 0) {
      return this.abs().inotn(width).iaddn(1);
    }
    return this.clone();
  };

  BN.prototype.fromTwos = function fromTwos (width) {
    if (this.testn(width - 1)) {
      return this.notn(width).iaddn(1).ineg();
    }
    return this.clone();
  };

  BN.prototype.isNeg = function isNeg () {
    return this.negative !== 0;
  };

  // Return negative clone of `this`
  BN.prototype.neg = function neg () {
    return this.clone().ineg();
  };

  BN.prototype.ineg = function ineg () {
    if (!this.isZero()) {
      this.negative ^= 1;
    }

    return this;
  };

  // Or `num` with `this` in-place
  BN.prototype.iuor = function iuor (num) {
    while (this.length < num.length) {
      this.words[this.length++] = 0;
    }

    for (var i = 0; i < num.length; i++) {
      this.words[i] = this.words[i] | num.words[i];
    }

    return this.strip();
  };

  BN.prototype.ior = function ior (num) {
    assert((this.negative | num.negative) === 0);
    return this.iuor(num);
  };

  // Or `num` with `this`
  BN.prototype.or = function or (num) {
    if (this.length > num.length) return this.clone().ior(num);
    return num.clone().ior(this);
  };

  BN.prototype.uor = function uor (num) {
    if (this.length > num.length) return this.clone().iuor(num);
    return num.clone().iuor(this);
  };

  // And `num` with `this` in-place
  BN.prototype.iuand = function iuand (num) {
    // b = min-length(num, this)
    var b;
    if (this.length > num.length) {
      b = num;
    } else {
      b = this;
    }

    for (var i = 0; i < b.length; i++) {
      this.words[i] = this.words[i] & num.words[i];
    }

    this.length = b.length;

    return this.strip();
  };

  BN.prototype.iand = function iand (num) {
    assert((this.negative | num.negative) === 0);
    return this.iuand(num);
  };

  // And `num` with `this`
  BN.prototype.and = function and (num) {
    if (this.length > num.length) return this.clone().iand(num);
    return num.clone().iand(this);
  };

  BN.prototype.uand = function uand (num) {
    if (this.length > num.length) return this.clone().iuand(num);
    return num.clone().iuand(this);
  };

  // Xor `num` with `this` in-place
  BN.prototype.iuxor = function iuxor (num) {
    // a.length > b.length
    var a;
    var b;
    if (this.length > num.length) {
      a = this;
      b = num;
    } else {
      a = num;
      b = this;
    }

    for (var i = 0; i < b.length; i++) {
      this.words[i] = a.words[i] ^ b.words[i];
    }

    if (this !== a) {
      for (; i < a.length; i++) {
        this.words[i] = a.words[i];
      }
    }

    this.length = a.length;

    return this.strip();
  };

  BN.prototype.ixor = function ixor (num) {
    assert((this.negative | num.negative) === 0);
    return this.iuxor(num);
  };

  // Xor `num` with `this`
  BN.prototype.xor = function xor (num) {
    if (this.length > num.length) return this.clone().ixor(num);
    return num.clone().ixor(this);
  };

  BN.prototype.uxor = function uxor (num) {
    if (this.length > num.length) return this.clone().iuxor(num);
    return num.clone().iuxor(this);
  };

  // Not ``this`` with ``width`` bitwidth
  BN.prototype.inotn = function inotn (width) {
    assert(typeof width === 'number' && width >= 0);

    var bytesNeeded = Math.ceil(width / 26) | 0;
    var bitsLeft = width % 26;

    // Extend the buffer with leading zeroes
    this._expand(bytesNeeded);

    if (bitsLeft > 0) {
      bytesNeeded--;
    }

    // Handle complete words
    for (var i = 0; i < bytesNeeded; i++) {
      this.words[i] = ~this.words[i] & 0x3ffffff;
    }

    // Handle the residue
    if (bitsLeft > 0) {
      this.words[i] = ~this.words[i] & (0x3ffffff >> (26 - bitsLeft));
    }

    // And remove leading zeroes
    return this.strip();
  };

  BN.prototype.notn = function notn (width) {
    return this.clone().inotn(width);
  };

  // Set `bit` of `this`
  BN.prototype.setn = function setn (bit, val) {
    assert(typeof bit === 'number' && bit >= 0);

    var off = (bit / 26) | 0;
    var wbit = bit % 26;

    this._expand(off + 1);

    if (val) {
      this.words[off] = this.words[off] | (1 << wbit);
    } else {
      this.words[off] = this.words[off] & ~(1 << wbit);
    }

    return this.strip();
  };

  // Add `num` to `this` in-place
  BN.prototype.iadd = function iadd (num) {
    var r;

    // negative + positive
    if (this.negative !== 0 && num.negative === 0) {
      this.negative = 0;
      r = this.isub(num);
      this.negative ^= 1;
      return this._normSign();

    // positive + negative
    } else if (this.negative === 0 && num.negative !== 0) {
      num.negative = 0;
      r = this.isub(num);
      num.negative = 1;
      return r._normSign();
    }

    // a.length > b.length
    var a, b;
    if (this.length > num.length) {
      a = this;
      b = num;
    } else {
      a = num;
      b = this;
    }

    var carry = 0;
    for (var i = 0; i < b.length; i++) {
      r = (a.words[i] | 0) + (b.words[i] | 0) + carry;
      this.words[i] = r & 0x3ffffff;
      carry = r >>> 26;
    }
    for (; carry !== 0 && i < a.length; i++) {
      r = (a.words[i] | 0) + carry;
      this.words[i] = r & 0x3ffffff;
      carry = r >>> 26;
    }

    this.length = a.length;
    if (carry !== 0) {
      this.words[this.length] = carry;
      this.length++;
    // Copy the rest of the words
    } else if (a !== this) {
      for (; i < a.length; i++) {
        this.words[i] = a.words[i];
      }
    }

    return this;
  };

  // Add `num` to `this`
  BN.prototype.add = function add (num) {
    var res;
    if (num.negative !== 0 && this.negative === 0) {
      num.negative = 0;
      res = this.sub(num);
      num.negative ^= 1;
      return res;
    } else if (num.negative === 0 && this.negative !== 0) {
      this.negative = 0;
      res = num.sub(this);
      this.negative = 1;
      return res;
    }

    if (this.length > num.length) return this.clone().iadd(num);

    return num.clone().iadd(this);
  };

  // Subtract `num` from `this` in-place
  BN.prototype.isub = function isub (num) {
    // this - (-num) = this + num
    if (num.negative !== 0) {
      num.negative = 0;
      var r = this.iadd(num);
      num.negative = 1;
      return r._normSign();

    // -this - num = -(this + num)
    } else if (this.negative !== 0) {
      this.negative = 0;
      this.iadd(num);
      this.negative = 1;
      return this._normSign();
    }

    // At this point both numbers are positive
    var cmp = this.cmp(num);

    // Optimization - zeroify
    if (cmp === 0) {
      this.negative = 0;
      this.length = 1;
      this.words[0] = 0;
      return this;
    }

    // a > b
    var a, b;
    if (cmp > 0) {
      a = this;
      b = num;
    } else {
      a = num;
      b = this;
    }

    var carry = 0;
    for (var i = 0; i < b.length; i++) {
      r = (a.words[i] | 0) - (b.words[i] | 0) + carry;
      carry = r >> 26;
      this.words[i] = r & 0x3ffffff;
    }
    for (; carry !== 0 && i < a.length; i++) {
      r = (a.words[i] | 0) + carry;
      carry = r >> 26;
      this.words[i] = r & 0x3ffffff;
    }

    // Copy rest of the words
    if (carry === 0 && i < a.length && a !== this) {
      for (; i < a.length; i++) {
        this.words[i] = a.words[i];
      }
    }

    this.length = Math.max(this.length, i);

    if (a !== this) {
      this.negative = 1;
    }

    return this.strip();
  };

  // Subtract `num` from `this`
  BN.prototype.sub = function sub (num) {
    return this.clone().isub(num);
  };

  function smallMulTo (self, num, out) {
    out.negative = num.negative ^ self.negative;
    var len = (self.length + num.length) | 0;
    out.length = len;
    len = (len - 1) | 0;

    // Peel one iteration (compiler can't do it, because of code complexity)
    var a = self.words[0] | 0;
    var b = num.words[0] | 0;
    var r = a * b;

    var lo = r & 0x3ffffff;
    var carry = (r / 0x4000000) | 0;
    out.words[0] = lo;

    for (var k = 1; k < len; k++) {
      // Sum all words with the same `i + j = k` and accumulate `ncarry`,
      // note that ncarry could be >= 0x3ffffff
      var ncarry = carry >>> 26;
      var rword = carry & 0x3ffffff;
      var maxJ = Math.min(k, num.length - 1);
      for (var j = Math.max(0, k - self.length + 1); j <= maxJ; j++) {
        var i = (k - j) | 0;
        a = self.words[i] | 0;
        b = num.words[j] | 0;
        r = a * b + rword;
        ncarry += (r / 0x4000000) | 0;
        rword = r & 0x3ffffff;
      }
      out.words[k] = rword | 0;
      carry = ncarry | 0;
    }
    if (carry !== 0) {
      out.words[k] = carry | 0;
    } else {
      out.length--;
    }

    return out.strip();
  }

  // TODO(indutny): it may be reasonable to omit it for users who don't need
  // to work with 256-bit numbers, otherwise it gives 20% improvement for 256-bit
  // multiplication (like elliptic secp256k1).
  var comb10MulTo = function comb10MulTo (self, num, out) {
    var a = self.words;
    var b = num.words;
    var o = out.words;
    var c = 0;
    var lo;
    var mid;
    var hi;
    var a0 = a[0] | 0;
    var al0 = a0 & 0x1fff;
    var ah0 = a0 >>> 13;
    var a1 = a[1] | 0;
    var al1 = a1 & 0x1fff;
    var ah1 = a1 >>> 13;
    var a2 = a[2] | 0;
    var al2 = a2 & 0x1fff;
    var ah2 = a2 >>> 13;
    var a3 = a[3] | 0;
    var al3 = a3 & 0x1fff;
    var ah3 = a3 >>> 13;
    var a4 = a[4] | 0;
    var al4 = a4 & 0x1fff;
    var ah4 = a4 >>> 13;
    var a5 = a[5] | 0;
    var al5 = a5 & 0x1fff;
    var ah5 = a5 >>> 13;
    var a6 = a[6] | 0;
    var al6 = a6 & 0x1fff;
    var ah6 = a6 >>> 13;
    var a7 = a[7] | 0;
    var al7 = a7 & 0x1fff;
    var ah7 = a7 >>> 13;
    var a8 = a[8] | 0;
    var al8 = a8 & 0x1fff;
    var ah8 = a8 >>> 13;
    var a9 = a[9] | 0;
    var al9 = a9 & 0x1fff;
    var ah9 = a9 >>> 13;
    var b0 = b[0] | 0;
    var bl0 = b0 & 0x1fff;
    var bh0 = b0 >>> 13;
    var b1 = b[1] | 0;
    var bl1 = b1 & 0x1fff;
    var bh1 = b1 >>> 13;
    var b2 = b[2] | 0;
    var bl2 = b2 & 0x1fff;
    var bh2 = b2 >>> 13;
    var b3 = b[3] | 0;
    var bl3 = b3 & 0x1fff;
    var bh3 = b3 >>> 13;
    var b4 = b[4] | 0;
    var bl4 = b4 & 0x1fff;
    var bh4 = b4 >>> 13;
    var b5 = b[5] | 0;
    var bl5 = b5 & 0x1fff;
    var bh5 = b5 >>> 13;
    var b6 = b[6] | 0;
    var bl6 = b6 & 0x1fff;
    var bh6 = b6 >>> 13;
    var b7 = b[7] | 0;
    var bl7 = b7 & 0x1fff;
    var bh7 = b7 >>> 13;
    var b8 = b[8] | 0;
    var bl8 = b8 & 0x1fff;
    var bh8 = b8 >>> 13;
    var b9 = b[9] | 0;
    var bl9 = b9 & 0x1fff;
    var bh9 = b9 >>> 13;

    out.negative = self.negative ^ num.negative;
    out.length = 19;
    /* k = 0 */
    lo = Math.imul(al0, bl0);
    mid = Math.imul(al0, bh0);
    mid = (mid + Math.imul(ah0, bl0)) | 0;
    hi = Math.imul(ah0, bh0);
    var w0 = (((c + lo) | 0) + ((mid & 0x1fff) << 13)) | 0;
    c = (((hi + (mid >>> 13)) | 0) + (w0 >>> 26)) | 0;
    w0 &= 0x3ffffff;
    /* k = 1 */
    lo = Math.imul(al1, bl0);
    mid = Math.imul(al1, bh0);
    mid = (mid + Math.imul(ah1, bl0)) | 0;
    hi = Math.imul(ah1, bh0);
    lo = (lo + Math.imul(al0, bl1)) | 0;
    mid = (mid + Math.imul(al0, bh1)) | 0;
    mid = (mid + Math.imul(ah0, bl1)) | 0;
    hi = (hi + Math.imul(ah0, bh1)) | 0;
    var w1 = (((c + lo) | 0) + ((mid & 0x1fff) << 13)) | 0;
    c = (((hi + (mid >>> 13)) | 0) + (w1 >>> 26)) | 0;
    w1 &= 0x3ffffff;
    /* k = 2 */
    lo = Math.imul(al2, bl0);
    mid = Math.imul(al2, bh0);
    mid = (mid + Math.imul(ah2, bl0)) | 0;
    hi = Math.imul(ah2, bh0);
    lo = (lo + Math.imul(al1, bl1)) | 0;
    mid = (mid + Math.imul(al1, bh1)) | 0;
    mid = (mid + Math.imul(ah1, bl1)) | 0;
    hi = (hi + Math.imul(ah1, bh1)) | 0;
    lo = (lo + Math.imul(al0, bl2)) | 0;
    mid = (mid + Math.imul(al0, bh2)) | 0;
    mid = (mid + Math.imul(ah0, bl2)) | 0;
    hi = (hi + Math.imul(ah0, bh2)) | 0;
    var w2 = (((c + lo) | 0) + ((mid & 0x1fff) << 13)) | 0;
    c = (((hi + (mid >>> 13)) | 0) + (w2 >>> 26)) | 0;
    w2 &= 0x3ffffff;
    /* k = 3 */
    lo = Math.imul(al3, bl0);
    mid = Math.imul(al3, bh0);
    mid = (mid + Math.imul(ah3, bl0)) | 0;
    hi = Math.imul(ah3, bh0);
    lo = (lo + Math.imul(al2, bl1)) | 0;
    mid = (mid + Math.imul(al2, bh1)) | 0;
    mid = (mid + Math.imul(ah2, bl1)) | 0;
    hi = (hi + Math.imul(ah2, bh1)) | 0;
    lo = (lo + Math.imul(al1, bl2)) | 0;
    mid = (mid + Math.imul(al1, bh2)) | 0;
    mid = (mid + Math.imul(ah1, bl2)) | 0;
    hi = (hi + Math.imul(ah1, bh2)) | 0;
    lo = (lo + Math.imul(al0, bl3)) | 0;
    mid = (mid + Math.imul(al0, bh3)) | 0;
    mid = (mid + Math.imul(ah0, bl3)) | 0;
    hi = (hi + Math.imul(ah0, bh3)) | 0;
    var w3 = (((c + lo) | 0) + ((mid & 0x1fff) << 13)) | 0;
    c = (((hi + (mid >>> 13)) | 0) + (w3 >>> 26)) | 0;
    w3 &= 0x3ffffff;
    /* k = 4 */
    lo = Math.imul(al4, bl0);
    mid = Math.imul(al4, bh0);
    mid = (mid + Math.imul(ah4, bl0)) | 0;
    hi = Math.imul(ah4, bh0);
    lo = (lo + Math.imul(al3, bl1)) | 0;
    mid = (mid + Math.imul(al3, bh1)) | 0;
    mid = (mid + Math.imul(ah3, bl1)) | 0;
    hi = (hi + Math.imul(ah3, bh1)) | 0;
    lo = (lo + Math.imul(al2, bl2)) | 0;
    mid = (mid + Math.imul(al2, bh2)) | 0;
    mid = (mid + Math.imul(ah2, bl2)) | 0;
    hi = (hi + Math.imul(ah2, bh2)) | 0;
    lo = (lo + Math.imul(al1, bl3)) | 0;
    mid = (mid + Math.imul(al1, bh3)) | 0;
    mid = (mid + Math.imul(ah1, bl3)) | 0;
    hi = (hi + Math.imul(ah1, bh3)) | 0;
    lo = (lo + Math.imul(al0, bl4)) | 0;
    mid = (mid + Math.imul(al0, bh4)) | 0;
    mid = (mid + Math.imul(ah0, bl4)) | 0;
    hi = (hi + Math.imul(ah0, bh4)) | 0;
    var w4 = (((c + lo) | 0) + ((mid & 0x1fff) << 13)) | 0;
    c = (((hi + (mid >>> 13)) | 0) + (w4 >>> 26)) | 0;
    w4 &= 0x3ffffff;
    /* k = 5 */
    lo = Math.imul(al5, bl0);
    mid = Math.imul(al5, bh0);
    mid = (mid + Math.imul(ah5, bl0)) | 0;
    hi = Math.imul(ah5, bh0);
    lo = (lo + Math.imul(al4, bl1)) | 0;
    mid = (mid + Math.imul(al4, bh1)) | 0;
    mid = (mid + Math.imul(ah4, bl1)) | 0;
    hi = (hi + Math.imul(ah4, bh1)) | 0;
    lo = (lo + Math.imul(al3, bl2)) | 0;
    mid = (mid + Math.imul(al3, bh2)) | 0;
    mid = (mid + Math.imul(ah3, bl2)) | 0;
    hi = (hi + Math.imul(ah3, bh2)) | 0;
    lo = (lo + Math.imul(al2, bl3)) | 0;
    mid = (mid + Math.imul(al2, bh3)) | 0;
    mid = (mid + Math.imul(ah2, bl3)) | 0;
    hi = (hi + Math.imul(ah2, bh3)) | 0;
    lo = (lo + Math.imul(al1, bl4)) | 0;
    mid = (mid + Math.imul(al1, bh4)) | 0;
    mid = (mid + Math.imul(ah1, bl4)) | 0;
    hi = (hi + Math.imul(ah1, bh4)) | 0;
    lo = (lo + Math.imul(al0, bl5)) | 0;
    mid = (mid + Math.imul(al0, bh5)) | 0;
    mid = (mid + Math.imul(ah0, bl5)) | 0;
    hi = (hi + Math.imul(ah0, bh5)) | 0;
    var w5 = (((c + lo) | 0) + ((mid & 0x1fff) << 13)) | 0;
    c = (((hi + (mid >>> 13)) | 0) + (w5 >>> 26)) | 0;
    w5 &= 0x3ffffff;
    /* k = 6 */
    lo = Math.imul(al6, bl0);
    mid = Math.imul(al6, bh0);
    mid = (mid + Math.imul(ah6, bl0)) | 0;
    hi = Math.imul(ah6, bh0);
    lo = (lo + Math.imul(al5, bl1)) | 0;
    mid = (mid + Math.imul(al5, bh1)) | 0;
    mid = (mid + Math.imul(ah5, bl1)) | 0;
    hi = (hi + Math.imul(ah5, bh1)) | 0;
    lo = (lo + Math.imul(al4, bl2)) | 0;
    mid = (mid + Math.imul(al4, bh2)) | 0;
    mid = (mid + Math.imul(ah4, bl2)) | 0;
    hi = (hi + Math.imul(ah4, bh2)) | 0;
    lo = (lo + Math.imul(al3, bl3)) | 0;
    mid = (mid + Math.imul(al3, bh3)) | 0;
    mid = (mid + Math.imul(ah3, bl3)) | 0;
    hi = (hi + Math.imul(ah3, bh3)) | 0;
    lo = (lo + Math.imul(al2, bl4)) | 0;
    mid = (mid + Math.imul(al2, bh4)) | 0;
    mid = (mid + Math.imul(ah2, bl4)) | 0;
    hi = (hi + Math.imul(ah2, bh4)) | 0;
    lo = (lo + Math.imul(al1, bl5)) | 0;
    mid = (mid + Math.imul(al1, bh5)) | 0;
    mid = (mid + Math.imul(ah1, bl5)) | 0;
    hi = (hi + Math.imul(ah1, bh5)) | 0;
    lo = (lo + Math.imul(al0, bl6)) | 0;
    mid = (mid + Math.imul(al0, bh6)) | 0;
    mid = (mid + Math.imul(ah0, bl6)) | 0;
    hi = (hi + Math.imul(ah0, bh6)) | 0;
    var w6 = (((c + lo) | 0) + ((mid & 0x1fff) << 13)) | 0;
    c = (((hi + (mid >>> 13)) | 0) + (w6 >>> 26)) | 0;
    w6 &= 0x3ffffff;
    /* k = 7 */
    lo = Math.imul(al7, bl0);
    mid = Math.imul(al7, bh0);
    mid = (mid + Math.imul(ah7, bl0)) | 0;
    hi = Math.imul(ah7, bh0);
    lo = (lo + Math.imul(al6, bl1)) | 0;
    mid = (mid + Math.imul(al6, bh1)) | 0;
    mid = (mid + Math.imul(ah6, bl1)) | 0;
    hi = (hi + Math.imul(ah6, bh1)) | 0;
    lo = (lo + Math.imul(al5, bl2)) | 0;
    mid = (mid + Math.imul(al5, bh2)) | 0;
    mid = (mid + Math.imul(ah5, bl2)) | 0;
    hi = (hi + Math.imul(ah5, bh2)) | 0;
    lo = (lo + Math.imul(al4, bl3)) | 0;
    mid = (mid + Math.imul(al4, bh3)) | 0;
    mid = (mid + Math.imul(ah4, bl3)) | 0;
    hi = (hi + Math.imul(ah4, bh3)) | 0;
    lo = (lo + Math.imul(al3, bl4)) | 0;
    mid = (mid + Math.imul(al3, bh4)) | 0;
    mid = (mid + Math.imul(ah3, bl4)) | 0;
    hi = (hi + Math.imul(ah3, bh4)) | 0;
    lo = (lo + Math.imul(al2, bl5)) | 0;
    mid = (mid + Math.imul(al2, bh5)) | 0;
    mid = (mid + Math.imul(ah2, bl5)) | 0;
    hi = (hi + Math.imul(ah2, bh5)) | 0;
    lo = (lo + Math.imul(al1, bl6)) | 0;
    mid = (mid + Math.imul(al1, bh6)) | 0;
    mid = (mid + Math.imul(ah1, bl6)) | 0;
    hi = (hi + Math.imul(ah1, bh6)) | 0;
    lo = (lo + Math.imul(al0, bl7)) | 0;
    mid = (mid + Math.imul(al0, bh7)) | 0;
    mid = (mid + Math.imul(ah0, bl7)) | 0;
    hi = (hi + Math.imul(ah0, bh7)) | 0;
    var w7 = (((c + lo) | 0) + ((mid & 0x1fff) << 13)) | 0;
    c = (((hi + (mid >>> 13)) | 0) + (w7 >>> 26)) | 0;
    w7 &= 0x3ffffff;
    /* k = 8 */
    lo = Math.imul(al8, bl0);
    mid = Math.imul(al8, bh0);
    mid = (mid + Math.imul(ah8, bl0)) | 0;
    hi = Math.imul(ah8, bh0);
    lo = (lo + Math.imul(al7, bl1)) | 0;
    mid = (mid + Math.imul(al7, bh1)) | 0;
    mid = (mid + Math.imul(ah7, bl1)) | 0;
    hi = (hi + Math.imul(ah7, bh1)) | 0;
    lo = (lo + Math.imul(al6, bl2)) | 0;
    mid = (mid + Math.imul(al6, bh2)) | 0;
    mid = (mid + Math.imul(ah6, bl2)) | 0;
    hi = (hi + Math.imul(ah6, bh2)) | 0;
    lo = (lo + Math.imul(al5, bl3)) | 0;
    mid = (mid + Math.imul(al5, bh3)) | 0;
    mid = (mid + Math.imul(ah5, bl3)) | 0;
    hi = (hi + Math.imul(ah5, bh3)) | 0;
    lo = (lo + Math.imul(al4, bl4)) | 0;
    mid = (mid + Math.imul(al4, bh4)) | 0;
    mid = (mid + Math.imul(ah4, bl4)) | 0;
    hi = (hi + Math.imul(ah4, bh4)) | 0;
    lo = (lo + Math.imul(al3, bl5)) | 0;
    mid = (mid + Math.imul(al3, bh5)) | 0;
    mid = (mid + Math.imul(ah3, bl5)) | 0;
    hi = (hi + Math.imul(ah3, bh5)) | 0;
    lo = (lo + Math.imul(al2, bl6)) | 0;
    mid = (mid + Math.imul(al2, bh6)) | 0;
    mid = (mid + Math.imul(ah2, bl6)) | 0;
    hi = (hi + Math.imul(ah2, bh6)) | 0;
    lo = (lo + Math.imul(al1, bl7)) | 0;
    mid = (mid + Math.imul(al1, bh7)) | 0;
    mid = (mid + Math.imul(ah1, bl7)) | 0;
    hi = (hi + Math.imul(ah1, bh7)) | 0;
    lo = (lo + Math.imul(al0, bl8)) | 0;
    mid = (mid + Math.imul(al0, bh8)) | 0;
    mid = (mid + Math.imul(ah0, bl8)) | 0;
    hi = (hi + Math.imul(ah0, bh8)) | 0;
    var w8 = (((c + lo) | 0) + ((mid & 0x1fff) << 13)) | 0;
    c = (((hi + (mid >>> 13)) | 0) + (w8 >>> 26)) | 0;
    w8 &= 0x3ffffff;
    /* k = 9 */
    lo = Math.imul(al9, bl0);
    mid = Math.imul(al9, bh0);
    mid = (mid + Math.imul(ah9, bl0)) | 0;
    hi = Math.imul(ah9, bh0);
    lo = (lo + Math.imul(al8, bl1)) | 0;
    mid = (mid + Math.imul(al8, bh1)) | 0;
    mid = (mid + Math.imul(ah8, bl1)) | 0;
    hi = (hi + Math.imul(ah8, bh1)) | 0;
    lo = (lo + Math.imul(al7, bl2)) | 0;
    mid = (mid + Math.imul(al7, bh2)) | 0;
    mid = (mid + Math.imul(ah7, bl2)) | 0;
    hi = (hi + Math.imul(ah7, bh2)) | 0;
    lo = (lo + Math.imul(al6, bl3)) | 0;
    mid = (mid + Math.imul(al6, bh3)) | 0;
    mid = (mid + Math.imul(ah6, bl3)) | 0;
    hi = (hi + Math.imul(ah6, bh3)) | 0;
    lo = (lo + Math.imul(al5, bl4)) | 0;
    mid = (mid + Math.imul(al5, bh4)) | 0;
    mid = (mid + Math.imul(ah5, bl4)) | 0;
    hi = (hi + Math.imul(ah5, bh4)) | 0;
    lo = (lo + Math.imul(al4, bl5)) | 0;
    mid = (mid + Math.imul(al4, bh5)) | 0;
    mid = (mid + Math.imul(ah4, bl5)) | 0;
    hi = (hi + Math.imul(ah4, bh5)) | 0;
    lo = (lo + Math.imul(al3, bl6)) | 0;
    mid = (mid + Math.imul(al3, bh6)) | 0;
    mid = (mid + Math.imul(ah3, bl6)) | 0;
    hi = (hi + Math.imul(ah3, bh6)) | 0;
    lo = (lo + Math.imul(al2, bl7)) | 0;
    mid = (mid + Math.imul(al2, bh7)) | 0;
    mid = (mid + Math.imul(ah2, bl7)) | 0;
    hi = (hi + Math.imul(ah2, bh7)) | 0;
    lo = (lo + Math.imul(al1, bl8)) | 0;
    mid = (mid + Math.imul(al1, bh8)) | 0;
    mid = (mid + Math.imul(ah1, bl8)) | 0;
    hi = (hi + Math.imul(ah1, bh8)) | 0;
    lo = (lo + Math.imul(al0, bl9)) | 0;
    mid = (mid + Math.imul(al0, bh9)) | 0;
    mid = (mid + Math.imul(ah0, bl9)) | 0;
    hi = (hi + Math.imul(ah0, bh9)) | 0;
    var w9 = (((c + lo) | 0) + ((mid & 0x1fff) << 13)) | 0;
    c = (((hi + (mid >>> 13)) | 0) + (w9 >>> 26)) | 0;
    w9 &= 0x3ffffff;
    /* k = 10 */
    lo = Math.imul(al9, bl1);
    mid = Math.imul(al9, bh1);
    mid = (mid + Math.imul(ah9, bl1)) | 0;
    hi = Math.imul(ah9, bh1);
    lo = (lo + Math.imul(al8, bl2)) | 0;
    mid = (mid + Math.imul(al8, bh2)) | 0;
    mid = (mid + Math.imul(ah8, bl2)) | 0;
    hi = (hi + Math.imul(ah8, bh2)) | 0;
    lo = (lo + Math.imul(al7, bl3)) | 0;
    mid = (mid + Math.imul(al7, bh3)) | 0;
    mid = (mid + Math.imul(ah7, bl3)) | 0;
    hi = (hi + Math.imul(ah7, bh3)) | 0;
    lo = (lo + Math.imul(al6, bl4)) | 0;
    mid = (mid + Math.imul(al6, bh4)) | 0;
    mid = (mid + Math.imul(ah6, bl4)) | 0;
    hi = (hi + Math.imul(ah6, bh4)) | 0;
    lo = (lo + Math.imul(al5, bl5)) | 0;
    mid = (mid + Math.imul(al5, bh5)) | 0;
    mid = (mid + Math.imul(ah5, bl5)) | 0;
    hi = (hi + Math.imul(ah5, bh5)) | 0;
    lo = (lo + Math.imul(al4, bl6)) | 0;
    mid = (mid + Math.imul(al4, bh6)) | 0;
    mid = (mid + Math.imul(ah4, bl6)) | 0;
    hi = (hi + Math.imul(ah4, bh6)) | 0;
    lo = (lo + Math.imul(al3, bl7)) | 0;
    mid = (mid + Math.imul(al3, bh7)) | 0;
    mid = (mid + Math.imul(ah3, bl7)) | 0;
    hi = (hi + Math.imul(ah3, bh7)) | 0;
    lo = (lo + Math.imul(al2, bl8)) | 0;
    mid = (mid + Math.imul(al2, bh8)) | 0;
    mid = (mid + Math.imul(ah2, bl8)) | 0;
    hi = (hi + Math.imul(ah2, bh8)) | 0;
    lo = (lo + Math.imul(al1, bl9)) | 0;
    mid = (mid + Math.imul(al1, bh9)) | 0;
    mid = (mid + Math.imul(ah1, bl9)) | 0;
    hi = (hi + Math.imul(ah1, bh9)) | 0;
    var w10 = (((c + lo) | 0) + ((mid & 0x1fff) << 13)) | 0;
    c = (((hi + (mid >>> 13)) | 0) + (w10 >>> 26)) | 0;
    w10 &= 0x3ffffff;
    /* k = 11 */
    lo = Math.imul(al9, bl2);
    mid = Math.imul(al9, bh2);
    mid = (mid + Math.imul(ah9, bl2)) | 0;
    hi = Math.imul(ah9, bh2);
    lo = (lo + Math.imul(al8, bl3)) | 0;
    mid = (mid + Math.imul(al8, bh3)) | 0;
    mid = (mid + Math.imul(ah8, bl3)) | 0;
    hi = (hi + Math.imul(ah8, bh3)) | 0;
    lo = (lo + Math.imul(al7, bl4)) | 0;
    mid = (mid + Math.imul(al7, bh4)) | 0;
    mid = (mid + Math.imul(ah7, bl4)) | 0;
    hi = (hi + Math.imul(ah7, bh4)) | 0;
    lo = (lo + Math.imul(al6, bl5)) | 0;
    mid = (mid + Math.imul(al6, bh5)) | 0;
    mid = (mid + Math.imul(ah6, bl5)) | 0;
    hi = (hi + Math.imul(ah6, bh5)) | 0;
    lo = (lo + Math.imul(al5, bl6)) | 0;
    mid = (mid + Math.imul(al5, bh6)) | 0;
    mid = (mid + Math.imul(ah5, bl6)) | 0;
    hi = (hi + Math.imul(ah5, bh6)) | 0;
    lo = (lo + Math.imul(al4, bl7)) | 0;
    mid = (mid + Math.imul(al4, bh7)) | 0;
    mid = (mid + Math.imul(ah4, bl7)) | 0;
    hi = (hi + Math.imul(ah4, bh7)) | 0;
    lo = (lo + Math.imul(al3, bl8)) | 0;
    mid = (mid + Math.imul(al3, bh8)) | 0;
    mid = (mid + Math.imul(ah3, bl8)) | 0;
    hi = (hi + Math.imul(ah3, bh8)) | 0;
    lo = (lo + Math.imul(al2, bl9)) | 0;
    mid = (mid + Math.imul(al2, bh9)) | 0;
    mid = (mid + Math.imul(ah2, bl9)) | 0;
    hi = (hi + Math.imul(ah2, bh9)) | 0;
    var w11 = (((c + lo) | 0) + ((mid & 0x1fff) << 13)) | 0;
    c = (((hi + (mid >>> 13)) | 0) + (w11 >>> 26)) | 0;
    w11 &= 0x3ffffff;
    /* k = 12 */
    lo = Math.imul(al9, bl3);
    mid = Math.imul(al9, bh3);
    mid = (mid + Math.imul(ah9, bl3)) | 0;
    hi = Math.imul(ah9, bh3);
    lo = (lo + Math.imul(al8, bl4)) | 0;
    mid = (mid + Math.imul(al8, bh4)) | 0;
    mid = (mid + Math.imul(ah8, bl4)) | 0;
    hi = (hi + Math.imul(ah8, bh4)) | 0;
    lo = (lo + Math.imul(al7, bl5)) | 0;
    mid = (mid + Math.imul(al7, bh5)) | 0;
    mid = (mid + Math.imul(ah7, bl5)) | 0;
    hi = (hi + Math.imul(ah7, bh5)) | 0;
    lo = (lo + Math.imul(al6, bl6)) | 0;
    mid = (mid + Math.imul(al6, bh6)) | 0;
    mid = (mid + Math.imul(ah6, bl6)) | 0;
    hi = (hi + Math.imul(ah6, bh6)) | 0;
    lo = (lo + Math.imul(al5, bl7)) | 0;
    mid = (mid + Math.imul(al5, bh7)) | 0;
    mid = (mid + Math.imul(ah5, bl7)) | 0;
    hi = (hi + Math.imul(ah5, bh7)) | 0;
    lo = (lo + Math.imul(al4, bl8)) | 0;
    mid = (mid + Math.imul(al4, bh8)) | 0;
    mid = (mid + Math.imul(ah4, bl8)) | 0;
    hi = (hi + Math.imul(ah4, bh8)) | 0;
    lo = (lo + Math.imul(al3, bl9)) | 0;
    mid = (mid + Math.imul(al3, bh9)) | 0;
    mid = (mid + Math.imul(ah3, bl9)) | 0;
    hi = (hi + Math.imul(ah3, bh9)) | 0;
    var w12 = (((c + lo) | 0) + ((mid & 0x1fff) << 13)) | 0;
    c = (((hi + (mid >>> 13)) | 0) + (w12 >>> 26)) | 0;
    w12 &= 0x3ffffff;
    /* k = 13 */
    lo = Math.imul(al9, bl4);
    mid = Math.imul(al9, bh4);
    mid = (mid + Math.imul(ah9, bl4)) | 0;
    hi = Math.imul(ah9, bh4);
    lo = (lo + Math.imul(al8, bl5)) | 0;
    mid = (mid + Math.imul(al8, bh5)) | 0;
    mid = (mid + Math.imul(ah8, bl5)) | 0;
    hi = (hi + Math.imul(ah8, bh5)) | 0;
    lo = (lo + Math.imul(al7, bl6)) | 0;
    mid = (mid + Math.imul(al7, bh6)) | 0;
    mid = (mid + Math.imul(ah7, bl6)) | 0;
    hi = (hi + Math.imul(ah7, bh6)) | 0;
    lo = (lo + Math.imul(al6, bl7)) | 0;
    mid = (mid + Math.imul(al6, bh7)) | 0;
    mid = (mid + Math.imul(ah6, bl7)) | 0;
    hi = (hi + Math.imul(ah6, bh7)) | 0;
    lo = (lo + Math.imul(al5, bl8)) | 0;
    mid = (mid + Math.imul(al5, bh8)) | 0;
    mid = (mid + Math.imul(ah5, bl8)) | 0;
    hi = (hi + Math.imul(ah5, bh8)) | 0;
    lo = (lo + Math.imul(al4, bl9)) | 0;
    mid = (mid + Math.imul(al4, bh9)) | 0;
    mid = (mid + Math.imul(ah4, bl9)) | 0;
    hi = (hi + Math.imul(ah4, bh9)) | 0;
    var w13 = (((c + lo) | 0) + ((mid & 0x1fff) << 13)) | 0;
    c = (((hi + (mid >>> 13)) | 0) + (w13 >>> 26)) | 0;
    w13 &= 0x3ffffff;
    /* k = 14 */
    lo = Math.imul(al9, bl5);
    mid = Math.imul(al9, bh5);
    mid = (mid + Math.imul(ah9, bl5)) | 0;
    hi = Math.imul(ah9, bh5);
    lo = (lo + Math.imul(al8, bl6)) | 0;
    mid = (mid + Math.imul(al8, bh6)) | 0;
    mid = (mid + Math.imul(ah8, bl6)) | 0;
    hi = (hi + Math.imul(ah8, bh6)) | 0;
    lo = (lo + Math.imul(al7, bl7)) | 0;
    mid = (mid + Math.imul(al7, bh7)) | 0;
    mid = (mid + Math.imul(ah7, bl7)) | 0;
    hi = (hi + Math.imul(ah7, bh7)) | 0;
    lo = (lo + Math.imul(al6, bl8)) | 0;
    mid = (mid + Math.imul(al6, bh8)) | 0;
    mid = (mid + Math.imul(ah6, bl8)) | 0;
    hi = (hi + Math.imul(ah6, bh8)) | 0;
    lo = (lo + Math.imul(al5, bl9)) | 0;
    mid = (mid + Math.imul(al5, bh9)) | 0;
    mid = (mid + Math.imul(ah5, bl9)) | 0;
    hi = (hi + Math.imul(ah5, bh9)) | 0;
    var w14 = (((c + lo) | 0) + ((mid & 0x1fff) << 13)) | 0;
    c = (((hi + (mid >>> 13)) | 0) + (w14 >>> 26)) | 0;
    w14 &= 0x3ffffff;
    /* k = 15 */
    lo = Math.imul(al9, bl6);
    mid = Math.imul(al9, bh6);
    mid = (mid + Math.imul(ah9, bl6)) | 0;
    hi = Math.imul(ah9, bh6);
    lo = (lo + Math.imul(al8, bl7)) | 0;
    mid = (mid + Math.imul(al8, bh7)) | 0;
    mid = (mid + Math.imul(ah8, bl7)) | 0;
    hi = (hi + Math.imul(ah8, bh7)) | 0;
    lo = (lo + Math.imul(al7, bl8)) | 0;
    mid = (mid + Math.imul(al7, bh8)) | 0;
    mid = (mid + Math.imul(ah7, bl8)) | 0;
    hi = (hi + Math.imul(ah7, bh8)) | 0;
    lo = (lo + Math.imul(al6, bl9)) | 0;
    mid = (mid + Math.imul(al6, bh9)) | 0;
    mid = (mid + Math.imul(ah6, bl9)) | 0;
    hi = (hi + Math.imul(ah6, bh9)) | 0;
    var w15 = (((c + lo) | 0) + ((mid & 0x1fff) << 13)) | 0;
    c = (((hi + (mid >>> 13)) | 0) + (w15 >>> 26)) | 0;
    w15 &= 0x3ffffff;
    /* k = 16 */
    lo = Math.imul(al9, bl7);
    mid = Math.imul(al9, bh7);
    mid = (mid + Math.imul(ah9, bl7)) | 0;
    hi = Math.imul(ah9, bh7);
    lo = (lo + Math.imul(al8, bl8)) | 0;
    mid = (mid + Math.imul(al8, bh8)) | 0;
    mid = (mid + Math.imul(ah8, bl8)) | 0;
    hi = (hi + Math.imul(ah8, bh8)) | 0;
    lo = (lo + Math.imul(al7, bl9)) | 0;
    mid = (mid + Math.imul(al7, bh9)) | 0;
    mid = (mid + Math.imul(ah7, bl9)) | 0;
    hi = (hi + Math.imul(ah7, bh9)) | 0;
    var w16 = (((c + lo) | 0) + ((mid & 0x1fff) << 13)) | 0;
    c = (((hi + (mid >>> 13)) | 0) + (w16 >>> 26)) | 0;
    w16 &= 0x3ffffff;
    /* k = 17 */
    lo = Math.imul(al9, bl8);
    mid = Math.imul(al9, bh8);
    mid = (mid + Math.imul(ah9, bl8)) | 0;
    hi = Math.imul(ah9, bh8);
    lo = (lo + Math.imul(al8, bl9)) | 0;
    mid = (mid + Math.imul(al8, bh9)) | 0;
    mid = (mid + Math.imul(ah8, bl9)) | 0;
    hi = (hi + Math.imul(ah8, bh9)) | 0;
    var w17 = (((c + lo) | 0) + ((mid & 0x1fff) << 13)) | 0;
    c = (((hi + (mid >>> 13)) | 0) + (w17 >>> 26)) | 0;
    w17 &= 0x3ffffff;
    /* k = 18 */
    lo = Math.imul(al9, bl9);
    mid = Math.imul(al9, bh9);
    mid = (mid + Math.imul(ah9, bl9)) | 0;
    hi = Math.imul(ah9, bh9);
    var w18 = (((c + lo) | 0) + ((mid & 0x1fff) << 13)) | 0;
    c = (((hi + (mid >>> 13)) | 0) + (w18 >>> 26)) | 0;
    w18 &= 0x3ffffff;
    o[0] = w0;
    o[1] = w1;
    o[2] = w2;
    o[3] = w3;
    o[4] = w4;
    o[5] = w5;
    o[6] = w6;
    o[7] = w7;
    o[8] = w8;
    o[9] = w9;
    o[10] = w10;
    o[11] = w11;
    o[12] = w12;
    o[13] = w13;
    o[14] = w14;
    o[15] = w15;
    o[16] = w16;
    o[17] = w17;
    o[18] = w18;
    if (c !== 0) {
      o[19] = c;
      out.length++;
    }
    return out;
  };

  // Polyfill comb
  if (!Math.imul) {
    comb10MulTo = smallMulTo;
  }

  function bigMulTo (self, num, out) {
    out.negative = num.negative ^ self.negative;
    out.length = self.length + num.length;

    var carry = 0;
    var hncarry = 0;
    for (var k = 0; k < out.length - 1; k++) {
      // Sum all words with the same `i + j = k` and accumulate `ncarry`,
      // note that ncarry could be >= 0x3ffffff
      var ncarry = hncarry;
      hncarry = 0;
      var rword = carry & 0x3ffffff;
      var maxJ = Math.min(k, num.length - 1);
      for (var j = Math.max(0, k - self.length + 1); j <= maxJ; j++) {
        var i = k - j;
        var a = self.words[i] | 0;
        var b = num.words[j] | 0;
        var r = a * b;

        var lo = r & 0x3ffffff;
        ncarry = (ncarry + ((r / 0x4000000) | 0)) | 0;
        lo = (lo + rword) | 0;
        rword = lo & 0x3ffffff;
        ncarry = (ncarry + (lo >>> 26)) | 0;

        hncarry += ncarry >>> 26;
        ncarry &= 0x3ffffff;
      }
      out.words[k] = rword;
      carry = ncarry;
      ncarry = hncarry;
    }
    if (carry !== 0) {
      out.words[k] = carry;
    } else {
      out.length--;
    }

    return out.strip();
  }

  function jumboMulTo (self, num, out) {
    var fftm = new FFTM();
    return fftm.mulp(self, num, out);
  }

  BN.prototype.mulTo = function mulTo (num, out) {
    var res;
    var len = this.length + num.length;
    if (this.length === 10 && num.length === 10) {
      res = comb10MulTo(this, num, out);
    } else if (len < 63) {
      res = smallMulTo(this, num, out);
    } else if (len < 1024) {
      res = bigMulTo(this, num, out);
    } else {
      res = jumboMulTo(this, num, out);
    }

    return res;
  };

  // Cooley-Tukey algorithm for FFT
  // slightly revisited to rely on looping instead of recursion

  function FFTM (x, y) {
    this.x = x;
    this.y = y;
  }

  FFTM.prototype.makeRBT = function makeRBT (N) {
    var t = new Array(N);
    var l = BN.prototype._countBits(N) - 1;
    for (var i = 0; i < N; i++) {
      t[i] = this.revBin(i, l, N);
    }

    return t;
  };

  // Returns binary-reversed representation of `x`
  FFTM.prototype.revBin = function revBin (x, l, N) {
    if (x === 0 || x === N - 1) return x;

    var rb = 0;
    for (var i = 0; i < l; i++) {
      rb |= (x & 1) << (l - i - 1);
      x >>= 1;
    }

    return rb;
  };

  // Performs "tweedling" phase, therefore 'emulating'
  // behaviour of the recursive algorithm
  FFTM.prototype.permute = function permute (rbt, rws, iws, rtws, itws, N) {
    for (var i = 0; i < N; i++) {
      rtws[i] = rws[rbt[i]];
      itws[i] = iws[rbt[i]];
    }
  };

  FFTM.prototype.transform = function transform (rws, iws, rtws, itws, N, rbt) {
    this.permute(rbt, rws, iws, rtws, itws, N);

    for (var s = 1; s < N; s <<= 1) {
      var l = s << 1;

      var rtwdf = Math.cos(2 * Math.PI / l);
      var itwdf = Math.sin(2 * Math.PI / l);

      for (var p = 0; p < N; p += l) {
        var rtwdf_ = rtwdf;
        var itwdf_ = itwdf;

        for (var j = 0; j < s; j++) {
          var re = rtws[p + j];
          var ie = itws[p + j];

          var ro = rtws[p + j + s];
          var io = itws[p + j + s];

          var rx = rtwdf_ * ro - itwdf_ * io;

          io = rtwdf_ * io + itwdf_ * ro;
          ro = rx;

          rtws[p + j] = re + ro;
          itws[p + j] = ie + io;

          rtws[p + j + s] = re - ro;
          itws[p + j + s] = ie - io;

          /* jshint maxdepth : false */
          if (j !== l) {
            rx = rtwdf * rtwdf_ - itwdf * itwdf_;

            itwdf_ = rtwdf * itwdf_ + itwdf * rtwdf_;
            rtwdf_ = rx;
          }
        }
      }
    }
  };

  FFTM.prototype.guessLen13b = function guessLen13b (n, m) {
    var N = Math.max(m, n) | 1;
    var odd = N & 1;
    var i = 0;
    for (N = N / 2 | 0; N; N = N >>> 1) {
      i++;
    }

    return 1 << i + 1 + odd;
  };

  FFTM.prototype.conjugate = function conjugate (rws, iws, N) {
    if (N <= 1) return;

    for (var i = 0; i < N / 2; i++) {
      var t = rws[i];

      rws[i] = rws[N - i - 1];
      rws[N - i - 1] = t;

      t = iws[i];

      iws[i] = -iws[N - i - 1];
      iws[N - i - 1] = -t;
    }
  };

  FFTM.prototype.normalize13b = function normalize13b (ws, N) {
    var carry = 0;
    for (var i = 0; i < N / 2; i++) {
      var w = Math.round(ws[2 * i + 1] / N) * 0x2000 +
        Math.round(ws[2 * i] / N) +
        carry;

      ws[i] = w & 0x3ffffff;

      if (w < 0x4000000) {
        carry = 0;
      } else {
        carry = w / 0x4000000 | 0;
      }
    }

    return ws;
  };

  FFTM.prototype.convert13b = function convert13b (ws, len, rws, N) {
    var carry = 0;
    for (var i = 0; i < len; i++) {
      carry = carry + (ws[i] | 0);

      rws[2 * i] = carry & 0x1fff; carry = carry >>> 13;
      rws[2 * i + 1] = carry & 0x1fff; carry = carry >>> 13;
    }

    // Pad with zeroes
    for (i = 2 * len; i < N; ++i) {
      rws[i] = 0;
    }

    assert(carry === 0);
    assert((carry & ~0x1fff) === 0);
  };

  FFTM.prototype.stub = function stub (N) {
    var ph = new Array(N);
    for (var i = 0; i < N; i++) {
      ph[i] = 0;
    }

    return ph;
  };

  FFTM.prototype.mulp = function mulp (x, y, out) {
    var N = 2 * this.guessLen13b(x.length, y.length);

    var rbt = this.makeRBT(N);

    var _ = this.stub(N);

    var rws = new Array(N);
    var rwst = new Array(N);
    var iwst = new Array(N);

    var nrws = new Array(N);
    var nrwst = new Array(N);
    var niwst = new Array(N);

    var rmws = out.words;
    rmws.length = N;

    this.convert13b(x.words, x.length, rws, N);
    this.convert13b(y.words, y.length, nrws, N);

    this.transform(rws, _, rwst, iwst, N, rbt);
    this.transform(nrws, _, nrwst, niwst, N, rbt);

    for (var i = 0; i < N; i++) {
      var rx = rwst[i] * nrwst[i] - iwst[i] * niwst[i];
      iwst[i] = rwst[i] * niwst[i] + iwst[i] * nrwst[i];
      rwst[i] = rx;
    }

    this.conjugate(rwst, iwst, N);
    this.transform(rwst, iwst, rmws, _, N, rbt);
    this.conjugate(rmws, _, N);
    this.normalize13b(rmws, N);

    out.negative = x.negative ^ y.negative;
    out.length = x.length + y.length;
    return out.strip();
  };

  // Multiply `this` by `num`
  BN.prototype.mul = function mul (num) {
    var out = new BN(null);
    out.words = new Array(this.length + num.length);
    return this.mulTo(num, out);
  };

  // Multiply employing FFT
  BN.prototype.mulf = function mulf (num) {
    var out = new BN(null);
    out.words = new Array(this.length + num.length);
    return jumboMulTo(this, num, out);
  };

  // In-place Multiplication
  BN.prototype.imul = function imul (num) {
    return this.clone().mulTo(num, this);
  };

  BN.prototype.imuln = function imuln (num) {
    assert(typeof num === 'number');
    assert(num < 0x4000000);

    // Carry
    var carry = 0;
    for (var i = 0; i < this.length; i++) {
      var w = (this.words[i] | 0) * num;
      var lo = (w & 0x3ffffff) + (carry & 0x3ffffff);
      carry >>= 26;
      carry += (w / 0x4000000) | 0;
      // NOTE: lo is 27bit maximum
      carry += lo >>> 26;
      this.words[i] = lo & 0x3ffffff;
    }

    if (carry !== 0) {
      this.words[i] = carry;
      this.length++;
    }

    return this;
  };

  BN.prototype.muln = function muln (num) {
    return this.clone().imuln(num);
  };

  // `this` * `this`
  BN.prototype.sqr = function sqr () {
    return this.mul(this);
  };

  // `this` * `this` in-place
  BN.prototype.isqr = function isqr () {
    return this.imul(this.clone());
  };

  // Math.pow(`this`, `num`)
  BN.prototype.pow = function pow (num) {
    var w = toBitArray(num);
    if (w.length === 0) return new BN(1);

    // Skip leading zeroes
    var res = this;
    for (var i = 0; i < w.length; i++, res = res.sqr()) {
      if (w[i] !== 0) break;
    }

    if (++i < w.length) {
      for (var q = res.sqr(); i < w.length; i++, q = q.sqr()) {
        if (w[i] === 0) continue;

        res = res.mul(q);
      }
    }

    return res;
  };

  // Shift-left in-place
  BN.prototype.iushln = function iushln (bits) {
    assert(typeof bits === 'number' && bits >= 0);
    var r = bits % 26;
    var s = (bits - r) / 26;
    var carryMask = (0x3ffffff >>> (26 - r)) << (26 - r);
    var i;

    if (r !== 0) {
      var carry = 0;

      for (i = 0; i < this.length; i++) {
        var newCarry = this.words[i] & carryMask;
        var c = ((this.words[i] | 0) - newCarry) << r;
        this.words[i] = c | carry;
        carry = newCarry >>> (26 - r);
      }

      if (carry) {
        this.words[i] = carry;
        this.length++;
      }
    }

    if (s !== 0) {
      for (i = this.length - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
        this.words[i + s] = this.words[i];
      }

      for (i = 0; i < s; i++) {
        this.words[i] = 0;
      }

      this.length += s;
    }

    return this.strip();
  };

  BN.prototype.ishln = function ishln (bits) {
    // TODO(indutny): implement me
    assert(this.negative === 0);
    return this.iushln(bits);
  };

  // Shift-right in-place
  // NOTE: `hint` is a lowest bit before trailing zeroes
  // NOTE: if `extended` is present - it will be filled with destroyed bits
  BN.prototype.iushrn = function iushrn (bits, hint, extended) {
    assert(typeof bits === 'number' && bits >= 0);
    var h;
    if (hint) {
      h = (hint - (hint % 26)) / 26;
    } else {
      h = 0;
    }

    var r = bits % 26;
    var s = Math.min((bits - r) / 26, this.length);
    var mask = 0x3ffffff ^ ((0x3ffffff >>> r) << r);
    var maskedWords = extended;

    h -= s;
    h = Math.max(0, h);

    // Extended mode, copy masked part
    if (maskedWords) {
      for (var i = 0; i < s; i++) {
        maskedWords.words[i] = this.words[i];
      }
      maskedWords.length = s;
    }

    if (s === 0) {
      // No-op, we should not move anything at all
    } else if (this.length > s) {
      this.length -= s;
      for (i = 0; i < this.length; i++) {
        this.words[i] = this.words[i + s];
      }
    } else {
      this.words[0] = 0;
      this.length = 1;
    }

    var carry = 0;
    for (i = this.length - 1; i >= 0 && (carry !== 0 || i >= h); i--) {
      var word = this.words[i] | 0;
      this.words[i] = (carry << (26 - r)) | (word >>> r);
      carry = word & mask;
    }

    // Push carried bits as a mask
    if (maskedWords && carry !== 0) {
      maskedWords.words[maskedWords.length++] = carry;
    }

    if (this.length === 0) {
      this.words[0] = 0;
      this.length = 1;
    }

    return this.strip();
  };

  BN.prototype.ishrn = function ishrn (bits, hint, extended) {
    // TODO(indutny): implement me
    assert(this.negative === 0);
    return this.iushrn(bits, hint, extended);
  };

  // Shift-left
  BN.prototype.shln = function shln (bits) {
    return this.clone().ishln(bits);
  };

  BN.prototype.ushln = function ushln (bits) {
    return this.clone().iushln(bits);
  };

  // Shift-right
  BN.prototype.shrn = function shrn (bits) {
    return this.clone().ishrn(bits);
  };

  BN.prototype.ushrn = function ushrn (bits) {
    return this.clone().iushrn(bits);
  };

  // Test if n bit is set
  BN.prototype.testn = function testn (bit) {
    assert(typeof bit === 'number' && bit >= 0);
    var r = bit % 26;
    var s = (bit - r) / 26;
    var q = 1 << r;

    // Fast case: bit is much higher than all existing words
    if (this.length <= s) return false;

    // Check bit and return
    var w = this.words[s];

    return !!(w & q);
  };

  // Return only lowers bits of number (in-place)
  BN.prototype.imaskn = function imaskn (bits) {
    assert(typeof bits === 'number' && bits >= 0);
    var r = bits % 26;
    var s = (bits - r) / 26;

    assert(this.negative === 0, 'imaskn works only with positive numbers');

    if (this.length <= s) {
      return this;
    }

    if (r !== 0) {
      s++;
    }
    this.length = Math.min(s, this.length);

    if (r !== 0) {
      var mask = 0x3ffffff ^ ((0x3ffffff >>> r) << r);
      this.words[this.length - 1] &= mask;
    }

    return this.strip();
  };

  // Return only lowers bits of number
  BN.prototype.maskn = function maskn (bits) {
    return this.clone().imaskn(bits);
  };

  // Add plain number `num` to `this`
  BN.prototype.iaddn = function iaddn (num) {
    assert(typeof num === 'number');
    assert(num < 0x4000000);
    if (num < 0) return this.isubn(-num);

    // Possible sign change
    if (this.negative !== 0) {
      if (this.length === 1 && (this.words[0] | 0) < num) {
        this.words[0] = num - (this.words[0] | 0);
        this.negative = 0;
        return this;
      }

      this.negative = 0;
      this.isubn(num);
      this.negative = 1;
      return this;
    }

    // Add without checks
    return this._iaddn(num);
  };

  BN.prototype._iaddn = function _iaddn (num) {
    this.words[0] += num;

    // Carry
    for (var i = 0; i < this.length && this.words[i] >= 0x4000000; i++) {
      this.words[i] -= 0x4000000;
      if (i === this.length - 1) {
        this.words[i + 1] = 1;
      } else {
        this.words[i + 1]++;
      }
    }
    this.length = Math.max(this.length, i + 1);

    return this;
  };

  // Subtract plain number `num` from `this`
  BN.prototype.isubn = function isubn (num) {
    assert(typeof num === 'number');
    assert(num < 0x4000000);
    if (num < 0) return this.iaddn(-num);

    if (this.negative !== 0) {
      this.negative = 0;
      this.iaddn(num);
      this.negative = 1;
      return this;
    }

    this.words[0] -= num;

    if (this.length === 1 && this.words[0] < 0) {
      this.words[0] = -this.words[0];
      this.negative = 1;
    } else {
      // Carry
      for (var i = 0; i < this.length && this.words[i] < 0; i++) {
        this.words[i] += 0x4000000;
        this.words[i + 1] -= 1;
      }
    }

    return this.strip();
  };

  BN.prototype.addn = function addn (num) {
    return this.clone().iaddn(num);
  };

  BN.prototype.subn = function subn (num) {
    return this.clone().isubn(num);
  };

  BN.prototype.iabs = function iabs () {
    this.negative = 0;

    return this;
  };

  BN.prototype.abs = function abs () {
    return this.clone().iabs();
  };

  BN.prototype._ishlnsubmul = function _ishlnsubmul (num, mul, shift) {
    var len = num.length + shift;
    var i;

    this._expand(len);

    var w;
    var carry = 0;
    for (i = 0; i < num.length; i++) {
      w = (this.words[i + shift] | 0) + carry;
      var right = (num.words[i] | 0) * mul;
      w -= right & 0x3ffffff;
      carry = (w >> 26) - ((right / 0x4000000) | 0);
      this.words[i + shift] = w & 0x3ffffff;
    }
    for (; i < this.length - shift; i++) {
      w = (this.words[i + shift] | 0) + carry;
      carry = w >> 26;
      this.words[i + shift] = w & 0x3ffffff;
    }

    if (carry === 0) return this.strip();

    // Subtraction overflow
    assert(carry === -1);
    carry = 0;
    for (i = 0; i < this.length; i++) {
      w = -(this.words[i] | 0) + carry;
      carry = w >> 26;
      this.words[i] = w & 0x3ffffff;
    }
    this.negative = 1;

    return this.strip();
  };

  BN.prototype._wordDiv = function _wordDiv (num, mode) {
    var shift = this.length - num.length;

    var a = this.clone();
    var b = num;

    // Normalize
    var bhi = b.words[b.length - 1] | 0;
    var bhiBits = this._countBits(bhi);
    shift = 26 - bhiBits;
    if (shift !== 0) {
      b = b.ushln(shift);
      a.iushln(shift);
      bhi = b.words[b.length - 1] | 0;
    }

    // Initialize quotient
    var m = a.length - b.length;
    var q;

    if (mode !== 'mod') {
      q = new BN(null);
      q.length = m + 1;
      q.words = new Array(q.length);
      for (var i = 0; i < q.length; i++) {
        q.words[i] = 0;
      }
    }

    var diff = a.clone()._ishlnsubmul(b, 1, m);
    if (diff.negative === 0) {
      a = diff;
      if (q) {
        q.words[m] = 1;
      }
    }

    for (var j = m - 1; j >= 0; j--) {
      var qj = (a.words[b.length + j] | 0) * 0x4000000 +
        (a.words[b.length + j - 1] | 0);

      // NOTE: (qj / bhi) is (0x3ffffff * 0x4000000 + 0x3ffffff) / 0x2000000 max
      // (0x7ffffff)
      qj = Math.min((qj / bhi) | 0, 0x3ffffff);

      a._ishlnsubmul(b, qj, j);
      while (a.negative !== 0) {
        qj--;
        a.negative = 0;
        a._ishlnsubmul(b, 1, j);
        if (!a.isZero()) {
          a.negative ^= 1;
        }
      }
      if (q) {
        q.words[j] = qj;
      }
    }
    if (q) {
      q.strip();
    }
    a.strip();

    // Denormalize
    if (mode !== 'div' && shift !== 0) {
      a.iushrn(shift);
    }

    return {
      div: q || null,
      mod: a
    };
  };

  // NOTE: 1) `mode` can be set to `mod` to request mod only,
  //       to `div` to request div only, or be absent to
  //       request both div & mod
  //       2) `positive` is true if unsigned mod is requested
  BN.prototype.divmod = function divmod (num, mode, positive) {
    assert(!num.isZero());

    if (this.isZero()) {
      return {
        div: new BN(0),
        mod: new BN(0)
      };
    }

    var div, mod, res;
    if (this.negative !== 0 && num.negative === 0) {
      res = this.neg().divmod(num, mode);

      if (mode !== 'mod') {
        div = res.div.neg();
      }

      if (mode !== 'div') {
        mod = res.mod.neg();
        if (positive && mod.negative !== 0) {
          mod.iadd(num);
        }
      }

      return {
        div: div,
        mod: mod
      };
    }

    if (this.negative === 0 && num.negative !== 0) {
      res = this.divmod(num.neg(), mode);

      if (mode !== 'mod') {
        div = res.div.neg();
      }

      return {
        div: div,
        mod: res.mod
      };
    }

    if ((this.negative & num.negative) !== 0) {
      res = this.neg().divmod(num.neg(), mode);

      if (mode !== 'div') {
        mod = res.mod.neg();
        if (positive && mod.negative !== 0) {
          mod.isub(num);
        }
      }

      return {
        div: res.div,
        mod: mod
      };
    }

    // Both numbers are positive at this point

    // Strip both numbers to approximate shift value
    if (num.length > this.length || this.cmp(num) < 0) {
      return {
        div: new BN(0),
        mod: this
      };
    }

    // Very short reduction
    if (num.length === 1) {
      if (mode === 'div') {
        return {
          div: this.divn(num.words[0]),
          mod: null
        };
      }

      if (mode === 'mod') {
        return {
          div: null,
          mod: new BN(this.modn(num.words[0]))
        };
      }

      return {
        div: this.divn(num.words[0]),
        mod: new BN(this.modn(num.words[0]))
      };
    }

    return this._wordDiv(num, mode);
  };

  // Find `this` / `num`
  BN.prototype.div = function div (num) {
    return this.divmod(num, 'div', false).div;
  };

  // Find `this` % `num`
  BN.prototype.mod = function mod (num) {
    return this.divmod(num, 'mod', false).mod;
  };

  BN.prototype.umod = function umod (num) {
    return this.divmod(num, 'mod', true).mod;
  };

  // Find Round(`this` / `num`)
  BN.prototype.divRound = function divRound (num) {
    var dm = this.divmod(num);

    // Fast case - exact division
    if (dm.mod.isZero()) return dm.div;

    var mod = dm.div.negative !== 0 ? dm.mod.isub(num) : dm.mod;

    var half = num.ushrn(1);
    var r2 = num.andln(1);
    var cmp = mod.cmp(half);

    // Round down
    if (cmp < 0 || r2 === 1 && cmp === 0) return dm.div;

    // Round up
    return dm.div.negative !== 0 ? dm.div.isubn(1) : dm.div.iaddn(1);
  };

  BN.prototype.modn = function modn (num) {
    assert(num <= 0x3ffffff);
    var p = (1 << 26) % num;

    var acc = 0;
    for (var i = this.length - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
      acc = (p * acc + (this.words[i] | 0)) % num;
    }

    return acc;
  };

  // In-place division by number
  BN.prototype.idivn = function idivn (num) {
    assert(num <= 0x3ffffff);

    var carry = 0;
    for (var i = this.length - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
      var w = (this.words[i] | 0) + carry * 0x4000000;
      this.words[i] = (w / num) | 0;
      carry = w % num;
    }

    return this.strip();
  };

  BN.prototype.divn = function divn (num) {
    return this.clone().idivn(num);
  };

  BN.prototype.egcd = function egcd (p) {
    assert(p.negative === 0);
    assert(!p.isZero());

    var x = this;
    var y = p.clone();

    if (x.negative !== 0) {
      x = x.umod(p);
    } else {
      x = x.clone();
    }

    // A * x + B * y = x
    var A = new BN(1);
    var B = new BN(0);

    // C * x + D * y = y
    var C = new BN(0);
    var D = new BN(1);

    var g = 0;

    while (x.isEven() && y.isEven()) {
      x.iushrn(1);
      y.iushrn(1);
      ++g;
    }

    var yp = y.clone();
    var xp = x.clone();

    while (!x.isZero()) {
      for (var i = 0, im = 1; (x.words[0] & im) === 0 && i < 26; ++i, im <<= 1);
      if (i > 0) {
        x.iushrn(i);
        while (i-- > 0) {
          if (A.isOdd() || B.isOdd()) {
            A.iadd(yp);
            B.isub(xp);
          }

          A.iushrn(1);
          B.iushrn(1);
        }
      }

      for (var j = 0, jm = 1; (y.words[0] & jm) === 0 && j < 26; ++j, jm <<= 1);
      if (j > 0) {
        y.iushrn(j);
        while (j-- > 0) {
          if (C.isOdd() || D.isOdd()) {
            C.iadd(yp);
            D.isub(xp);
          }

          C.iushrn(1);
          D.iushrn(1);
        }
      }

      if (x.cmp(y) >= 0) {
        x.isub(y);
        A.isub(C);
        B.isub(D);
      } else {
        y.isub(x);
        C.isub(A);
        D.isub(B);
      }
    }

    return {
      a: C,
      b: D,
      gcd: y.iushln(g)
    };
  };

  // This is reduced incarnation of the binary EEA
  // above, designated to invert members of the
  // _prime_ fields F(p) at a maximal speed
  BN.prototype._invmp = function _invmp (p) {
    assert(p.negative === 0);
    assert(!p.isZero());

    var a = this;
    var b = p.clone();

    if (a.negative !== 0) {
      a = a.umod(p);
    } else {
      a = a.clone();
    }

    var x1 = new BN(1);
    var x2 = new BN(0);

    var delta = b.clone();

    while (a.cmpn(1) > 0 && b.cmpn(1) > 0) {
      for (var i = 0, im = 1; (a.words[0] & im) === 0 && i < 26; ++i, im <<= 1);
      if (i > 0) {
        a.iushrn(i);
        while (i-- > 0) {
          if (x1.isOdd()) {
            x1.iadd(delta);
          }

          x1.iushrn(1);
        }
      }

      for (var j = 0, jm = 1; (b.words[0] & jm) === 0 && j < 26; ++j, jm <<= 1);
      if (j > 0) {
        b.iushrn(j);
        while (j-- > 0) {
          if (x2.isOdd()) {
            x2.iadd(delta);
          }

          x2.iushrn(1);
        }
      }

      if (a.cmp(b) >= 0) {
        a.isub(b);
        x1.isub(x2);
      } else {
        b.isub(a);
        x2.isub(x1);
      }
    }

    var res;
    if (a.cmpn(1) === 0) {
      res = x1;
    } else {
      res = x2;
    }

    if (res.cmpn(0) < 0) {
      res.iadd(p);
    }

    return res;
  };

  BN.prototype.gcd = function gcd (num) {
    if (this.isZero()) return num.abs();
    if (num.isZero()) return this.abs();

    var a = this.clone();
    var b = num.clone();
    a.negative = 0;
    b.negative = 0;

    // Remove common factor of two
    for (var shift = 0; a.isEven() && b.isEven(); shift++) {
      a.iushrn(1);
      b.iushrn(1);
    }

    do {
      while (a.isEven()) {
        a.iushrn(1);
      }
      while (b.isEven()) {
        b.iushrn(1);
      }

      var r = a.cmp(b);
      if (r < 0) {
        // Swap `a` and `b` to make `a` always bigger than `b`
        var t = a;
        a = b;
        b = t;
      } else if (r === 0 || b.cmpn(1) === 0) {
        break;
      }

      a.isub(b);
    } while (true);

    return b.iushln(shift);
  };

  // Invert number in the field F(num)
  BN.prototype.invm = function invm (num) {
    return this.egcd(num).a.umod(num);
  };

  BN.prototype.isEven = function isEven () {
    return (this.words[0] & 1) === 0;
  };

  BN.prototype.isOdd = function isOdd () {
    return (this.words[0] & 1) === 1;
  };

  // And first word and num
  BN.prototype.andln = function andln (num) {
    return this.words[0] & num;
  };

  // Increment at the bit position in-line
  BN.prototype.bincn = function bincn (bit) {
    assert(typeof bit === 'number');
    var r = bit % 26;
    var s = (bit - r) / 26;
    var q = 1 << r;

    // Fast case: bit is much higher than all existing words
    if (this.length <= s) {
      this._expand(s + 1);
      this.words[s] |= q;
      return this;
    }

    // Add bit and propagate, if needed
    var carry = q;
    for (var i = s; carry !== 0 && i < this.length; i++) {
      var w = this.words[i] | 0;
      w += carry;
      carry = w >>> 26;
      w &= 0x3ffffff;
      this.words[i] = w;
    }
    if (carry !== 0) {
      this.words[i] = carry;
      this.length++;
    }
    return this;
  };

  BN.prototype.isZero = function isZero () {
    return this.length === 1 && this.words[0] === 0;
  };

  BN.prototype.cmpn = function cmpn (num) {
    var negative = num < 0;

    if (this.negative !== 0 && !negative) return -1;
    if (this.negative === 0 && negative) return 1;

    this.strip();

    var res;
    if (this.length > 1) {
      res = 1;
    } else {
      if (negative) {
        num = -num;
      }

      assert(num <= 0x3ffffff, 'Number is too big');

      var w = this.words[0] | 0;
      res = w === num ? 0 : w < num ? -1 : 1;
    }
    if (this.negative !== 0) return -res | 0;
    return res;
  };

  // Compare two numbers and return:
  // 1 - if `this` > `num`
  // 0 - if `this` == `num`
  // -1 - if `this` < `num`
  BN.prototype.cmp = function cmp (num) {
    if (this.negative !== 0 && num.negative === 0) return -1;
    if (this.negative === 0 && num.negative !== 0) return 1;

    var res = this.ucmp(num);
    if (this.negative !== 0) return -res | 0;
    return res;
  };

  // Unsigned comparison
  BN.prototype.ucmp = function ucmp (num) {
    // At this point both numbers have the same sign
    if (this.length > num.length) return 1;
    if (this.length < num.length) return -1;

    var res = 0;
    for (var i = this.length - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
      var a = this.words[i] | 0;
      var b = num.words[i] | 0;

      if (a === b) continue;
      if (a < b) {
        res = -1;
      } else if (a > b) {
        res = 1;
      }
      break;
    }
    return res;
  };

  BN.prototype.gtn = function gtn (num) {
    return this.cmpn(num) === 1;
  };

  BN.prototype.gt = function gt (num) {
    return this.cmp(num) === 1;
  };

  BN.prototype.gten = function gten (num) {
    return this.cmpn(num) >= 0;
  };

  BN.prototype.gte = function gte (num) {
    return this.cmp(num) >= 0;
  };

  BN.prototype.ltn = function ltn (num) {
    return this.cmpn(num) === -1;
  };

  BN.prototype.lt = function lt (num) {
    return this.cmp(num) === -1;
  };

  BN.prototype.lten = function lten (num) {
    return this.cmpn(num) <= 0;
  };

  BN.prototype.lte = function lte (num) {
    return this.cmp(num) <= 0;
  };

  BN.prototype.eqn = function eqn (num) {
    return this.cmpn(num) === 0;
  };

  BN.prototype.eq = function eq (num) {
    return this.cmp(num) === 0;
  };

  //
  // A reduce context, could be using montgomery or something better, depending
  // on the `m` itself.
  //
  BN.red = function red (num) {
    return new Red(num);
  };

  BN.prototype.toRed = function toRed (ctx) {
    assert(!this.red, 'Already a number in reduction context');
    assert(this.negative === 0, 'red works only with positives');
    return ctx.convertTo(this)._forceRed(ctx);
  };

  BN.prototype.fromRed = function fromRed () {
    assert(this.red, 'fromRed works only with numbers in reduction context');
    return this.red.convertFrom(this);
  };

  BN.prototype._forceRed = function _forceRed (ctx) {
    this.red = ctx;
    return this;
  };

  BN.prototype.forceRed = function forceRed (ctx) {
    assert(!this.red, 'Already a number in reduction context');
    return this._forceRed(ctx);
  };

  BN.prototype.redAdd = function redAdd (num) {
    assert(this.red, 'redAdd works only with red numbers');
    return this.red.add(this, num);
  };

  BN.prototype.redIAdd = function redIAdd (num) {
    assert(this.red, 'redIAdd works only with red numbers');
    return this.red.iadd(this, num);
  };

  BN.prototype.redSub = function redSub (num) {
    assert(this.red, 'redSub works only with red numbers');
    return this.red.sub(this, num);
  };

  BN.prototype.redISub = function redISub (num) {
    assert(this.red, 'redISub works only with red numbers');
    return this.red.isub(this, num);
  };

  BN.prototype.redShl = function redShl (num) {
    assert(this.red, 'redShl works only with red numbers');
    return this.red.shl(this, num);
  };

  BN.prototype.redMul = function redMul (num) {
    assert(this.red, 'redMul works only with red numbers');
    this.red._verify2(this, num);
    return this.red.mul(this, num);
  };

  BN.prototype.redIMul = function redIMul (num) {
    assert(this.red, 'redMul works only with red numbers');
    this.red._verify2(this, num);
    return this.red.imul(this, num);
  };

  BN.prototype.redSqr = function redSqr () {
    assert(this.red, 'redSqr works only with red numbers');
    this.red._verify1(this);
    return this.red.sqr(this);
  };

  BN.prototype.redISqr = function redISqr () {
    assert(this.red, 'redISqr works only with red numbers');
    this.red._verify1(this);
    return this.red.isqr(this);
  };

  // Square root over p
  BN.prototype.redSqrt = function redSqrt () {
    assert(this.red, 'redSqrt works only with red numbers');
    this.red._verify1(this);
    return this.red.sqrt(this);
  };

  BN.prototype.redInvm = function redInvm () {
    assert(this.red, 'redInvm works only with red numbers');
    this.red._verify1(this);
    return this.red.invm(this);
  };

  // Return negative clone of `this` % `red modulo`
  BN.prototype.redNeg = function redNeg () {
    assert(this.red, 'redNeg works only with red numbers');
    this.red._verify1(this);
    return this.red.neg(this);
  };

  BN.prototype.redPow = function redPow (num) {
    assert(this.red && !num.red, 'redPow(normalNum)');
    this.red._verify1(this);
    return this.red.pow(this, num);
  };

  // Prime numbers with efficient reduction
  var primes = {
    k256: null,
    p224: null,
    p192: null,
    p25519: null
  };

  // Pseudo-Mersenne prime
  function MPrime (name, p) {
    // P = 2 ^ N - K
    this.name = name;
    this.p = new BN(p, 16);
    this.n = this.p.bitLength();
    this.k = new BN(1).iushln(this.n).isub(this.p);

    this.tmp = this._tmp();
  }

  MPrime.prototype._tmp = function _tmp () {
    var tmp = new BN(null);
    tmp.words = new Array(Math.ceil(this.n / 13));
    return tmp;
  };

  MPrime.prototype.ireduce = function ireduce (num) {
    // Assumes that `num` is less than `P^2`
    // num = HI * (2 ^ N - K) + HI * K + LO = HI * K + LO (mod P)
    var r = num;
    var rlen;

    do {
      this.split(r, this.tmp);
      r = this.imulK(r);
      r = r.iadd(this.tmp);
      rlen = r.bitLength();
    } while (rlen > this.n);

    var cmp = rlen < this.n ? -1 : r.ucmp(this.p);
    if (cmp === 0) {
      r.words[0] = 0;
      r.length = 1;
    } else if (cmp > 0) {
      r.isub(this.p);
    } else {
      r.strip();
    }

    return r;
  };

  MPrime.prototype.split = function split (input, out) {
    input.iushrn(this.n, 0, out);
  };

  MPrime.prototype.imulK = function imulK (num) {
    return num.imul(this.k);
  };

  function K256 () {
    MPrime.call(
      this,
      'k256',
      'ffffffff ffffffff ffffffff ffffffff ffffffff ffffffff fffffffe fffffc2f');
  }
  inherits(K256, MPrime);

  K256.prototype.split = function split (input, output) {
    // 256 = 9 * 26 + 22
    var mask = 0x3fffff;

    var outLen = Math.min(input.length, 9);
    for (var i = 0; i < outLen; i++) {
      output.words[i] = input.words[i];
    }
    output.length = outLen;

    if (input.length <= 9) {
      input.words[0] = 0;
      input.length = 1;
      return;
    }

    // Shift by 9 limbs
    var prev = input.words[9];
    output.words[output.length++] = prev & mask;

    for (i = 10; i < input.length; i++) {
      var next = input.words[i] | 0;
      input.words[i - 10] = ((next & mask) << 4) | (prev >>> 22);
      prev = next;
    }
    prev >>>= 22;
    input.words[i - 10] = prev;
    if (prev === 0 && input.length > 10) {
      input.length -= 10;
    } else {
      input.length -= 9;
    }
  };

  K256.prototype.imulK = function imulK (num) {
    // K = 0x1000003d1 = [ 0x40, 0x3d1 ]
    num.words[num.length] = 0;
    num.words[num.length + 1] = 0;
    num.length += 2;

    // bounded at: 0x40 * 0x3ffffff + 0x3d0 = 0x100000390
    var lo = 0;
    for (var i = 0; i < num.length; i++) {
      var w = num.words[i] | 0;
      lo += w * 0x3d1;
      num.words[i] = lo & 0x3ffffff;
      lo = w * 0x40 + ((lo / 0x4000000) | 0);
    }

    // Fast length reduction
    if (num.words[num.length - 1] === 0) {
      num.length--;
      if (num.words[num.length - 1] === 0) {
        num.length--;
      }
    }
    return num;
  };

  function P224 () {
    MPrime.call(
      this,
      'p224',
      'ffffffff ffffffff ffffffff ffffffff 00000000 00000000 00000001');
  }
  inherits(P224, MPrime);

  function P192 () {
    MPrime.call(
      this,
      'p192',
      'ffffffff ffffffff ffffffff fffffffe ffffffff ffffffff');
  }
  inherits(P192, MPrime);

  function P25519 () {
    // 2 ^ 255 - 19
    MPrime.call(
      this,
      '25519',
      '7fffffffffffffff ffffffffffffffff ffffffffffffffff ffffffffffffffed');
  }
  inherits(P25519, MPrime);

  P25519.prototype.imulK = function imulK (num) {
    // K = 0x13
    var carry = 0;
    for (var i = 0; i < num.length; i++) {
      var hi = (num.words[i] | 0) * 0x13 + carry;
      var lo = hi & 0x3ffffff;
      hi >>>= 26;

      num.words[i] = lo;
      carry = hi;
    }
    if (carry !== 0) {
      num.words[num.length++] = carry;
    }
    return num;
  };

  // Exported mostly for testing purposes, use plain name instead
  BN._prime = function prime (name) {
    // Cached version of prime
    if (primes[name]) return primes[name];

    var prime;
    if (name === 'k256') {
      prime = new K256();
    } else if (name === 'p224') {
      prime = new P224();
    } else if (name === 'p192') {
      prime = new P192();
    } else if (name === 'p25519') {
      prime = new P25519();
    } else {
      throw new Error('Unknown prime ' + name);
    }
    primes[name] = prime;

    return prime;
  };

  //
  // Base reduction engine
  //
  function Red (m) {
    if (typeof m === 'string') {
      var prime = BN._prime(m);
      this.m = prime.p;
      this.prime = prime;
    } else {
      assert(m.gtn(1), 'modulus must be greater than 1');
      this.m = m;
      this.prime = null;
    }
  }

  Red.prototype._verify1 = function _verify1 (a) {
    assert(a.negative === 0, 'red works only with positives');
    assert(a.red, 'red works only with red numbers');
  };

  Red.prototype._verify2 = function _verify2 (a, b) {
    assert((a.negative | b.negative) === 0, 'red works only with positives');
    assert(a.red && a.red === b.red,
      'red works only with red numbers');
  };

  Red.prototype.imod = function imod (a) {
    if (this.prime) return this.prime.ireduce(a)._forceRed(this);
    return a.umod(this.m)._forceRed(this);
  };

  Red.prototype.neg = function neg (a) {
    if (a.isZero()) {
      return a.clone();
    }

    return this.m.sub(a)._forceRed(this);
  };

  Red.prototype.add = function add (a, b) {
    this._verify2(a, b);

    var res = a.add(b);
    if (res.cmp(this.m) >= 0) {
      res.isub(this.m);
    }
    return res._forceRed(this);
  };

  Red.prototype.iadd = function iadd (a, b) {
    this._verify2(a, b);

    var res = a.iadd(b);
    if (res.cmp(this.m) >= 0) {
      res.isub(this.m);
    }
    return res;
  };

  Red.prototype.sub = function sub (a, b) {
    this._verify2(a, b);

    var res = a.sub(b);
    if (res.cmpn(0) < 0) {
      res.iadd(this.m);
    }
    return res._forceRed(this);
  };

  Red.prototype.isub = function isub (a, b) {
    this._verify2(a, b);

    var res = a.isub(b);
    if (res.cmpn(0) < 0) {
      res.iadd(this.m);
    }
    return res;
  };

  Red.prototype.shl = function shl (a, num) {
    this._verify1(a);
    return this.imod(a.ushln(num));
  };

  Red.prototype.imul = function imul (a, b) {
    this._verify2(a, b);
    return this.imod(a.imul(b));
  };

  Red.prototype.mul = function mul (a, b) {
    this._verify2(a, b);
    return this.imod(a.mul(b));
  };

  Red.prototype.isqr = function isqr (a) {
    return this.imul(a, a.clone());
  };

  Red.prototype.sqr = function sqr (a) {
    return this.mul(a, a);
  };

  Red.prototype.sqrt = function sqrt (a) {
    if (a.isZero()) return a.clone();

    var mod3 = this.m.andln(3);
    assert(mod3 % 2 === 1);

    // Fast case
    if (mod3 === 3) {
      var pow = this.m.add(new BN(1)).iushrn(2);
      return this.pow(a, pow);
    }

    // Tonelli-Shanks algorithm (Totally unoptimized and slow)
    //
    // Find Q and S, that Q * 2 ^ S = (P - 1)
    var q = this.m.subn(1);
    var s = 0;
    while (!q.isZero() && q.andln(1) === 0) {
      s++;
      q.iushrn(1);
    }
    assert(!q.isZero());

    var one = new BN(1).toRed(this);
    var nOne = one.redNeg();

    // Find quadratic non-residue
    // NOTE: Max is such because of generalized Riemann hypothesis.
    var lpow = this.m.subn(1).iushrn(1);
    var z = this.m.bitLength();
    z = new BN(2 * z * z).toRed(this);

    while (this.pow(z, lpow).cmp(nOne) !== 0) {
      z.redIAdd(nOne);
    }

    var c = this.pow(z, q);
    var r = this.pow(a, q.addn(1).iushrn(1));
    var t = this.pow(a, q);
    var m = s;
    while (t.cmp(one) !== 0) {
      var tmp = t;
      for (var i = 0; tmp.cmp(one) !== 0; i++) {
        tmp = tmp.redSqr();
      }
      assert(i < m);
      var b = this.pow(c, new BN(1).iushln(m - i - 1));

      r = r.redMul(b);
      c = b.redSqr();
      t = t.redMul(c);
      m = i;
    }

    return r;
  };

  Red.prototype.invm = function invm (a) {
    var inv = a._invmp(this.m);
    if (inv.negative !== 0) {
      inv.negative = 0;
      return this.imod(inv).redNeg();
    } else {
      return this.imod(inv);
    }
  };

  Red.prototype.pow = function pow (a, num) {
    if (num.isZero()) return new BN(1);
    if (num.cmpn(1) === 0) return a.clone();

    var windowSize = 4;
    var wnd = new Array(1 << windowSize);
    wnd[0] = new BN(1).toRed(this);
    wnd[1] = a;
    for (var i = 2; i < wnd.length; i++) {
      wnd[i] = this.mul(wnd[i - 1], a);
    }

    var res = wnd[0];
    var current = 0;
    var currentLen = 0;
    var start = num.bitLength() % 26;
    if (start === 0) {
      start = 26;
    }

    for (i = num.length - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
      var word = num.words[i];
      for (var j = start - 1; j >= 0; j--) {
        var bit = (word >> j) & 1;
        if (res !== wnd[0]) {
          res = this.sqr(res);
        }

        if (bit === 0 && current === 0) {
          currentLen = 0;
          continue;
        }

        current <<= 1;
        current |= bit;
        currentLen++;
        if (currentLen !== windowSize && (i !== 0 || j !== 0)) continue;

        res = this.mul(res, wnd[current]);
        currentLen = 0;
        current = 0;
      }
      start = 26;
    }

    return res;
  };

  Red.prototype.convertTo = function convertTo (num) {
    var r = num.umod(this.m);

    return r === num ? r.clone() : r;
  };

  Red.prototype.convertFrom = function convertFrom (num) {
    var res = num.clone();
    res.red = null;
    return res;
  };

  //
  // Montgomery method engine
  //

  BN.mont = function mont (num) {
    return new Mont(num);
  };

  function Mont (m) {
    Red.call(this, m);

    this.shift = this.m.bitLength();
    if (this.shift % 26 !== 0) {
      this.shift += 26 - (this.shift % 26);
    }

    this.r = new BN(1).iushln(this.shift);
    this.r2 = this.imod(this.r.sqr());
    this.rinv = this.r._invmp(this.m);

    this.minv = this.rinv.mul(this.r).isubn(1).div(this.m);
    this.minv = this.minv.umod(this.r);
    this.minv = this.r.sub(this.minv);
  }
  inherits(Mont, Red);

  Mont.prototype.convertTo = function convertTo (num) {
    return this.imod(num.ushln(this.shift));
  };

  Mont.prototype.convertFrom = function convertFrom (num) {
    var r = this.imod(num.mul(this.rinv));
    r.red = null;
    return r;
  };

  Mont.prototype.imul = function imul (a, b) {
    if (a.isZero() || b.isZero()) {
      a.words[0] = 0;
      a.length = 1;
      return a;
    }

    var t = a.imul(b);
    var c = t.maskn(this.shift).mul(this.minv).imaskn(this.shift).mul(this.m);
    var u = t.isub(c).iushrn(this.shift);
    var res = u;

    if (u.cmp(this.m) >= 0) {
      res = u.isub(this.m);
    } else if (u.cmpn(0) < 0) {
      res = u.iadd(this.m);
    }

    return res._forceRed(this);
  };

  Mont.prototype.mul = function mul (a, b) {
    if (a.isZero() || b.isZero()) return new BN(0)._forceRed(this);

    var t = a.mul(b);
    var c = t.maskn(this.shift).mul(this.minv).imaskn(this.shift).mul(this.m);
    var u = t.isub(c).iushrn(this.shift);
    var res = u;
    if (u.cmp(this.m) >= 0) {
      res = u.isub(this.m);
    } else if (u.cmpn(0) < 0) {
      res = u.iadd(this.m);
    }

    return res._forceRed(this);
  };

  Mont.prototype.invm = function invm (a) {
    // (AR)^-1 * R^2 = (A^-1 * R^-1) * R^2 = A^-1 * R
    var res = this.imod(a._invmp(this.m).mul(this.r2));
    return res._forceRed(this);
  };
})(typeof module === 'undefined' || module, this);

},{}],29:[function(require,module,exports){
module.exports = attributeToProperty

var transform = {
  'class': 'className',
  'for': 'htmlFor',
  'http-equiv': 'httpEquiv'
}

function attributeToProperty (h) {
  return function (tagName, attrs, children) {
    for (var attr in attrs) {
      if (attr in transform) {
        attrs[transform[attr]] = attrs[attr]
        delete attrs[attr]
      }
    }
    return h(tagName, attrs, children)
  }
}

},{}],30:[function(require,module,exports){
var attrToProp = require('hyperscript-attribute-to-property')

var VAR = 0, TEXT = 1, OPEN = 2, CLOSE = 3, ATTR = 4
var ATTR_KEY = 5, ATTR_KEY_W = 6
var ATTR_VALUE_W = 7, ATTR_VALUE = 8
var ATTR_VALUE_SQ = 9, ATTR_VALUE_DQ = 10
var ATTR_EQ = 11, ATTR_BREAK = 12
var COMMENT = 13

module.exports = function (h, opts) {
  if (!opts) opts = {}
  var concat = opts.concat || function (a, b) {
    return String(a) + String(b)
  }
  if (opts.attrToProp !== false) {
    h = attrToProp(h)
  }

  return function (strings) {
    var state = TEXT, reg = ''
    var arglen = arguments.length
    var parts = []

    for (var i = 0; i < strings.length; i++) {
      if (i < arglen - 1) {
        var arg = arguments[i+1]
        var p = parse(strings[i])
        var xstate = state
        if (xstate === ATTR_VALUE_DQ) xstate = ATTR_VALUE
        if (xstate === ATTR_VALUE_SQ) xstate = ATTR_VALUE
        if (xstate === ATTR_VALUE_W) xstate = ATTR_VALUE
        if (xstate === ATTR) xstate = ATTR_KEY
        if (xstate === OPEN) {
          if (reg === '/') {
            p.push([ OPEN, '/', arg ])
            reg = ''
          } else {
            p.push([ OPEN, arg ])
          }
        } else if (xstate === COMMENT && opts.comments) {
          reg += String(arg)
        } else if (xstate !== COMMENT) {
          p.push([ VAR, xstate, arg ])
        }
        parts.push.apply(parts, p)
      } else parts.push.apply(parts, parse(strings[i]))
    }

    var tree = [null,{},[]]
    var stack = [[tree,-1]]
    for (var i = 0; i < parts.length; i++) {
      var cur = stack[stack.length-1][0]
      var p = parts[i], s = p[0]
      if (s === OPEN && /^\//.test(p[1])) {
        var ix = stack[stack.length-1][1]
        if (stack.length > 1) {
          stack.pop()
          stack[stack.length-1][0][2][ix] = h(
            cur[0], cur[1], cur[2].length ? cur[2] : undefined
          )
        }
      } else if (s === OPEN) {
        var c = [p[1],{},[]]
        cur[2].push(c)
        stack.push([c,cur[2].length-1])
      } else if (s === ATTR_KEY || (s === VAR && p[1] === ATTR_KEY)) {
        var key = ''
        var copyKey
        for (; i < parts.length; i++) {
          if (parts[i][0] === ATTR_KEY) {
            key = concat(key, parts[i][1])
          } else if (parts[i][0] === VAR && parts[i][1] === ATTR_KEY) {
            if (typeof parts[i][2] === 'object' && !key) {
              for (copyKey in parts[i][2]) {
                if (parts[i][2].hasOwnProperty(copyKey) && !cur[1][copyKey]) {
                  cur[1][copyKey] = parts[i][2][copyKey]
                }
              }
            } else {
              key = concat(key, parts[i][2])
            }
          } else break
        }
        if (parts[i][0] === ATTR_EQ) i++
        var j = i
        for (; i < parts.length; i++) {
          if (parts[i][0] === ATTR_VALUE || parts[i][0] === ATTR_KEY) {
            if (!cur[1][key]) cur[1][key] = strfn(parts[i][1])
            else parts[i][1]==="" || (cur[1][key] = concat(cur[1][key], parts[i][1]));
          } else if (parts[i][0] === VAR
          && (parts[i][1] === ATTR_VALUE || parts[i][1] === ATTR_KEY)) {
            if (!cur[1][key]) cur[1][key] = strfn(parts[i][2])
            else parts[i][2]==="" || (cur[1][key] = concat(cur[1][key], parts[i][2]));
          } else {
            if (key.length && !cur[1][key] && i === j
            && (parts[i][0] === CLOSE || parts[i][0] === ATTR_BREAK)) {
              // https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/infrastructure.html#boolean-attributes
              // empty string is falsy, not well behaved value in browser
              cur[1][key] = key.toLowerCase()
            }
            if (parts[i][0] === CLOSE) {
              i--
            }
            break
          }
        }
      } else if (s === ATTR_KEY) {
        cur[1][p[1]] = true
      } else if (s === VAR && p[1] === ATTR_KEY) {
        cur[1][p[2]] = true
      } else if (s === CLOSE) {
        if (selfClosing(cur[0]) && stack.length) {
          var ix = stack[stack.length-1][1]
          stack.pop()
          stack[stack.length-1][0][2][ix] = h(
            cur[0], cur[1], cur[2].length ? cur[2] : undefined
          )
        }
      } else if (s === VAR && p[1] === TEXT) {
        if (p[2] === undefined || p[2] === null) p[2] = ''
        else if (!p[2]) p[2] = concat('', p[2])
        if (Array.isArray(p[2][0])) {
          cur[2].push.apply(cur[2], p[2])
        } else {
          cur[2].push(p[2])
        }
      } else if (s === TEXT) {
        cur[2].push(p[1])
      } else if (s === ATTR_EQ || s === ATTR_BREAK) {
        // no-op
      } else {
        throw new Error('unhandled: ' + s)
      }
    }

    if (tree[2].length > 1 && /^\s*$/.test(tree[2][0])) {
      tree[2].shift()
    }

    if (tree[2].length > 2
    || (tree[2].length === 2 && /\S/.test(tree[2][1]))) {
      if (opts.createFragment) return opts.createFragment(tree[2])
      throw new Error(
        'multiple root elements must be wrapped in an enclosing tag'
      )
    }
    if (Array.isArray(tree[2][0]) && typeof tree[2][0][0] === 'string'
    && Array.isArray(tree[2][0][2])) {
      tree[2][0] = h(tree[2][0][0], tree[2][0][1], tree[2][0][2])
    }
    return tree[2][0]

    function parse (str) {
      var res = []
      if (state === ATTR_VALUE_W) state = ATTR
      for (var i = 0; i < str.length; i++) {
        var c = str.charAt(i)
        if (state === TEXT && c === '<') {
          if (reg.length) res.push([TEXT, reg])
          reg = ''
          state = OPEN
        } else if (c === '>' && !quot(state) && state !== COMMENT) {
          if (state === OPEN && reg.length) {
            res.push([OPEN,reg])
          } else if (state === ATTR_KEY) {
            res.push([ATTR_KEY,reg])
          } else if (state === ATTR_VALUE && reg.length) {
            res.push([ATTR_VALUE,reg])
          }
          res.push([CLOSE])
          reg = ''
          state = TEXT
        } else if (state === COMMENT && /-$/.test(reg) && c === '-') {
          if (opts.comments) {
            res.push([ATTR_VALUE,reg.substr(0, reg.length - 1)])
          }
          reg = ''
          state = TEXT
        } else if (state === OPEN && /^!--$/.test(reg)) {
          if (opts.comments) {
            res.push([OPEN, reg],[ATTR_KEY,'comment'],[ATTR_EQ])
          }
          reg = c
          state = COMMENT
        } else if (state === TEXT || state === COMMENT) {
          reg += c
        } else if (state === OPEN && c === '/' && reg.length) {
          // no-op, self closing tag without a space <br/>
        } else if (state === OPEN && /\s/.test(c)) {
          if (reg.length) {
            res.push([OPEN, reg])
          }
          reg = ''
          state = ATTR
        } else if (state === OPEN) {
          reg += c
        } else if (state === ATTR && /[^\s"'=/]/.test(c)) {
          state = ATTR_KEY
          reg = c
        } else if (state === ATTR && /\s/.test(c)) {
          if (reg.length) res.push([ATTR_KEY,reg])
          res.push([ATTR_BREAK])
        } else if (state === ATTR_KEY && /\s/.test(c)) {
          res.push([ATTR_KEY,reg])
          reg = ''
          state = ATTR_KEY_W
        } else if (state === ATTR_KEY && c === '=') {
          res.push([ATTR_KEY,reg],[ATTR_EQ])
          reg = ''
          state = ATTR_VALUE_W
        } else if (state === ATTR_KEY) {
          reg += c
        } else if ((state === ATTR_KEY_W || state === ATTR) && c === '=') {
          res.push([ATTR_EQ])
          state = ATTR_VALUE_W
        } else if ((state === ATTR_KEY_W || state === ATTR) && !/\s/.test(c)) {
          res.push([ATTR_BREAK])
          if (/[\w-]/.test(c)) {
            reg += c
            state = ATTR_KEY
          } else state = ATTR
        } else if (state === ATTR_VALUE_W && c === '"') {
          state = ATTR_VALUE_DQ
        } else if (state === ATTR_VALUE_W && c === "'") {
          state = ATTR_VALUE_SQ
        } else if (state === ATTR_VALUE_DQ && c === '"') {
          res.push([ATTR_VALUE,reg],[ATTR_BREAK])
          reg = ''
          state = ATTR
        } else if (state === ATTR_VALUE_SQ && c === "'") {
          res.push([ATTR_VALUE,reg],[ATTR_BREAK])
          reg = ''
          state = ATTR
        } else if (state === ATTR_VALUE_W && !/\s/.test(c)) {
          state = ATTR_VALUE
          i--
        } else if (state === ATTR_VALUE && /\s/.test(c)) {
          res.push([ATTR_VALUE,reg],[ATTR_BREAK])
          reg = ''
          state = ATTR
        } else if (state === ATTR_VALUE || state === ATTR_VALUE_SQ
        || state === ATTR_VALUE_DQ) {
          reg += c
        }
      }
      if (state === TEXT && reg.length) {
        res.push([TEXT,reg])
        reg = ''
      } else if (state === ATTR_VALUE && reg.length) {
        res.push([ATTR_VALUE,reg])
        reg = ''
      } else if (state === ATTR_VALUE_DQ && reg.length) {
        res.push([ATTR_VALUE,reg])
        reg = ''
      } else if (state === ATTR_VALUE_SQ && reg.length) {
        res.push([ATTR_VALUE,reg])
        reg = ''
      } else if (state === ATTR_KEY) {
        res.push([ATTR_KEY,reg])
        reg = ''
      }
      return res
    }
  }

  function strfn (x) {
    if (typeof x === 'function') return x
    else if (typeof x === 'string') return x
    else if (x && typeof x === 'object') return x
    else if (x === null || x === undefined) return x
    else return concat('', x)
  }
}

function quot (state) {
  return state === ATTR_VALUE_SQ || state === ATTR_VALUE_DQ
}

var closeRE = RegExp('^(' + [
  'area', 'base', 'basefont', 'bgsound', 'br', 'col', 'command', 'embed',
  'frame', 'hr', 'img', 'input', 'isindex', 'keygen', 'link', 'meta', 'param',
  'source', 'track', 'wbr', '!--',
  // SVG TAGS
  'animate', 'animateTransform', 'circle', 'cursor', 'desc', 'ellipse',
  'feBlend', 'feColorMatrix', 'feComposite',
  'feConvolveMatrix', 'feDiffuseLighting', 'feDisplacementMap',
  'feDistantLight', 'feFlood', 'feFuncA', 'feFuncB', 'feFuncG', 'feFuncR',
  'feGaussianBlur', 'feImage', 'feMergeNode', 'feMorphology',
  'feOffset', 'fePointLight', 'feSpecularLighting', 'feSpotLight', 'feTile',
  'feTurbulence', 'font-face-format', 'font-face-name', 'font-face-uri',
  'glyph', 'glyphRef', 'hkern', 'image', 'line', 'missing-glyph', 'mpath',
  'path', 'polygon', 'polyline', 'rect', 'set', 'stop', 'tref', 'use', 'view',
  'vkern'
].join('|') + ')(?:[\.#][a-zA-Z0-9\u007F-\uFFFF_:-]+)*$')
function selfClosing (tag) { return closeRE.test(tag) }

},{"hyperscript-attribute-to-property":29}],31:[function(require,module,exports){
const bel = require('bel')
const csjs = require('csjs-inject')
const validator = require('solidity-validator')

module.exports = displayAddressInput

function displayAddressInput ({ theme: { classes: css }, cb, focus, blur }) {
  const input = bel`<div class=${css.addressField}>
    <input class=${css.inputField} data-type="address" onclick="${(e)=>e.target.select()}" onblur=${(e)=>blur(e)} onfocus=${(e)=>focus(e)} oninput=${validate} placeholder='0x633...'>
  </div>`
  return input
  function validate (e) {
    const value = e.target.value
    cb(validator.getMessage('address', value), e.target, value)
  }
}

},{"bel":3,"csjs-inject":9,"solidity-validator":44}],32:[function(require,module,exports){
const bel = require('bel')
const csjs = require('csjs-inject')
const validator = require('solidity-validator')

module.exports = displayBooleanInput

function displayBooleanInput ({ theme: { classes: css, colors }, type, cb, focus }) {
  const boolFalse = bel `<div class="${css.columns} ${css.false}" data-state="" data-type="boolean" value="false" onclick=${toggle}>false</div>`
  const boolTrue = bel `<div class="${css.columns} ${css.true}" data-state="" data-type="boolean" value="true" onclick=${toggle}>true</div>`
  const input = bel`<div class=${css.booleanField} onclick=${(e)=>focus(e)}>
    ${boolFalse}
    ${boolTrue}
  </div>`
  return input

  function toggle (e) {
    let value = e.target.innerHTML
    cb(validator.getMessage('boolean', value), e.target, value)
    if (value === 'true') {
      boolFalse.style.color = colors.booleanFieldColor
      boolFalse.style.backgroundColor = colors.booleanFieldBackgroundColor
      boolFalse.dataset.state = ""
      boolTrue.dataset.state = "active"
      boolTrue.style.color = colors.booleanFieldActiveColor
      boolTrue.style.backgroundColor = colors.booleanFieldTruedBackgroundColor
    } else if (value === 'false') {
      boolTrue.style.color = colors.booleanFieldColor
      boolTrue.style.backgroundColor = colors.booleanFieldBackgroundColor
      boolTrue.dataset.state = ""
      boolFalse.dataset.state = "active"
      boolFalse.style.color = colors.booleanFieldActiveColor
      boolFalse.style.backgroundColor = colors.booleanFieldFalsedBackgroundColor
    }
  }

}

},{"bel":3,"csjs-inject":9,"solidity-validator":44}],33:[function(require,module,exports){
const bel = require('bel')
const csjs = require('csjs-inject')
const validator = require('solidity-validator')

module.exports = displayByteInput

function displayByteInput ({ theme: { classes: css }, type, cb, focus, blur }) {
  return input = bel`<div class=${css.byteField}> <input class=${css.inputField} data-type=${type} onclick="${(e)=>e.target.select()}" onfocus=${(e)=>focus(e)} onblur=${(e)=>blur(e)} oninput=${validate} placeholder='0x...'> </div>`
  function validate (e) {
    let value = e.target.value
    cb(validator.getMessage(type, value), e.target, value)
  }
}

},{"bel":3,"csjs-inject":9,"solidity-validator":44}],34:[function(require,module,exports){
;(function (globalObject) {
  'use strict';

/*
 *      bignumber.js v8.1.1
 *      A JavaScript library for arbitrary-precision arithmetic.
 *      https://github.com/MikeMcl/bignumber.js
 *      Copyright (c) 2019 Michael Mclaughlin <M8ch88l@gmail.com>
 *      MIT Licensed.
 *
 *      BigNumber.prototype methods     |  BigNumber methods
 *                                      |
 *      absoluteValue            abs    |  clone
 *      comparedTo                      |  config               set
 *      decimalPlaces            dp     |      DECIMAL_PLACES
 *      dividedBy                div    |      ROUNDING_MODE
 *      dividedToIntegerBy       idiv   |      EXPONENTIAL_AT
 *      exponentiatedBy          pow    |      RANGE
 *      integerValue                    |      CRYPTO
 *      isEqualTo                eq     |      MODULO_MODE
 *      isFinite                        |      POW_PRECISION
 *      isGreaterThan            gt     |      FORMAT
 *      isGreaterThanOrEqualTo   gte    |      ALPHABET
 *      isInteger                       |  isBigNumber
 *      isLessThan               lt     |  maximum              max
 *      isLessThanOrEqualTo      lte    |  minimum              min
 *      isNaN                           |  random
 *      isNegative                      |  sum
 *      isPositive                      |
 *      isZero                          |
 *      minus                           |
 *      modulo                   mod    |
 *      multipliedBy             times  |
 *      negated                         |
 *      plus                            |
 *      precision                sd     |
 *      shiftedBy                       |
 *      squareRoot               sqrt   |
 *      toExponential                   |
 *      toFixed                         |
 *      toFormat                        |
 *      toFraction                      |
 *      toJSON                          |
 *      toNumber                        |
 *      toPrecision                     |
 *      toString                        |
 *      valueOf                         |
 *
 */


  var BigNumber,
    isNumeric = /^-?(?:\d+(?:\.\d*)?|\.\d+)(?:e[+-]?\d+)?$/i,
    hasSymbol = typeof Symbol == 'function' && typeof Symbol.iterator == 'symbol',

    mathceil = Math.ceil,
    mathfloor = Math.floor,

    bignumberError = '[BigNumber Error] ',
    tooManyDigits = bignumberError + 'Number primitive has more than 15 significant digits: ',

    BASE = 1e14,
    LOG_BASE = 14,
    MAX_SAFE_INTEGER = 0x1fffffffffffff,         // 2^53 - 1
    // MAX_INT32 = 0x7fffffff,                   // 2^31 - 1
    POWS_TEN = [1, 10, 100, 1e3, 1e4, 1e5, 1e6, 1e7, 1e8, 1e9, 1e10, 1e11, 1e12, 1e13],
    SQRT_BASE = 1e7,

    // EDITABLE
    // The limit on the value of DECIMAL_PLACES, TO_EXP_NEG, TO_EXP_POS, MIN_EXP, MAX_EXP, and
    // the arguments to toExponential, toFixed, toFormat, and toPrecision.
    MAX = 1E9;                                   // 0 to MAX_INT32


  /*
   * Create and return a BigNumber constructor.
   */
  function clone(configObject) {
    var div, convertBase, parseNumeric,
      P = BigNumber.prototype = { constructor: BigNumber, toString: null, valueOf: null },
      ONE = new BigNumber(1),


      //----------------------------- EDITABLE CONFIG DEFAULTS -------------------------------


      // The default values below must be integers within the inclusive ranges stated.
      // The values can also be changed at run-time using BigNumber.set.

      // The maximum number of decimal places for operations involving division.
      DECIMAL_PLACES = 20,                     // 0 to MAX

      // The rounding mode used when rounding to the above decimal places, and when using
      // toExponential, toFixed, toFormat and toPrecision, and round (default value).
      // UP         0 Away from zero.
      // DOWN       1 Towards zero.
      // CEIL       2 Towards +Infinity.
      // FLOOR      3 Towards -Infinity.
      // HALF_UP    4 Towards nearest neighbour. If equidistant, up.
      // HALF_DOWN  5 Towards nearest neighbour. If equidistant, down.
      // HALF_EVEN  6 Towards nearest neighbour. If equidistant, towards even neighbour.
      // HALF_CEIL  7 Towards nearest neighbour. If equidistant, towards +Infinity.
      // HALF_FLOOR 8 Towards nearest neighbour. If equidistant, towards -Infinity.
      ROUNDING_MODE = 4,                       // 0 to 8

      // EXPONENTIAL_AT : [TO_EXP_NEG , TO_EXP_POS]

      // The exponent value at and beneath which toString returns exponential notation.
      // Number type: -7
      TO_EXP_NEG = -7,                         // 0 to -MAX

      // The exponent value at and above which toString returns exponential notation.
      // Number type: 21
      TO_EXP_POS = 21,                         // 0 to MAX

      // RANGE : [MIN_EXP, MAX_EXP]

      // The minimum exponent value, beneath which underflow to zero occurs.
      // Number type: -324  (5e-324)
      MIN_EXP = -1e7,                          // -1 to -MAX

      // The maximum exponent value, above which overflow to Infinity occurs.
      // Number type:  308  (1.7976931348623157e+308)
      // For MAX_EXP > 1e7, e.g. new BigNumber('1e100000000').plus(1) may be slow.
      MAX_EXP = 1e7,                           // 1 to MAX

      // Whether to use cryptographically-secure random number generation, if available.
      CRYPTO = false,                          // true or false

      // The modulo mode used when calculating the modulus: a mod n.
      // The quotient (q = a / n) is calculated according to the corresponding rounding mode.
      // The remainder (r) is calculated as: r = a - n * q.
      //
      // UP        0 The remainder is positive if the dividend is negative, else is negative.
      // DOWN      1 The remainder has the same sign as the dividend.
      //             This modulo mode is commonly known as 'truncated division' and is
      //             equivalent to (a % n) in JavaScript.
      // FLOOR     3 The remainder has the same sign as the divisor (Python %).
      // HALF_EVEN 6 This modulo mode implements the IEEE 754 remainder function.
      // EUCLID    9 Euclidian division. q = sign(n) * floor(a / abs(n)).
      //             The remainder is always positive.
      //
      // The truncated division, floored division, Euclidian division and IEEE 754 remainder
      // modes are commonly used for the modulus operation.
      // Although the other rounding modes can also be used, they may not give useful results.
      MODULO_MODE = 1,                         // 0 to 9

      // The maximum number of significant digits of the result of the exponentiatedBy operation.
      // If POW_PRECISION is 0, there will be unlimited significant digits.
      POW_PRECISION = 0,                    // 0 to MAX

      // The format specification used by the BigNumber.prototype.toFormat method.
      FORMAT = {
        prefix: '',
        groupSize: 3,
        secondaryGroupSize: 0,
        groupSeparator: ',',
        decimalSeparator: '.',
        fractionGroupSize: 0,
        fractionGroupSeparator: '\xA0',      // non-breaking space
        suffix: ''
      },

      // The alphabet used for base conversion. It must be at least 2 characters long, with no '+',
      // '-', '.', whitespace, or repeated character.
      // '0123456789abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyzABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ$_'
      ALPHABET = '0123456789abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz';


    //------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------


    // CONSTRUCTOR


    /*
     * The BigNumber constructor and exported function.
     * Create and return a new instance of a BigNumber object.
     *
     * v {number|string|BigNumber} A numeric value.
     * [b] {number} The base of v. Integer, 2 to ALPHABET.length inclusive.
     */
    function BigNumber(v, b) {
      var alphabet, c, caseChanged, e, i, isNum, len, str,
        x = this;

      // Enable constructor call without `new`.
      if (!(x instanceof BigNumber)) return new BigNumber(v, b);

      if (b == null) {

        if (v && v._isBigNumber === true) {
          x.s = v.s;

          if (!v.c || v.e > MAX_EXP) {
            x.c = x.e = null;
          } else if (v.e < MIN_EXP) {
            x.c = [x.e = 0];
          } else {
            x.e = v.e;
            x.c = v.c.slice();
          }

          return;
        }

        if ((isNum = typeof v == 'number') && v * 0 == 0) {

          // Use `1 / n` to handle minus zero also.
          x.s = 1 / v < 0 ? (v = -v, -1) : 1;

          // Fast path for integers, where n < 2147483648 (2**31).
          if (v === ~~v) {
            for (e = 0, i = v; i >= 10; i /= 10, e++);

            if (e > MAX_EXP) {
              x.c = x.e = null;
            } else {
              x.e = e;
              x.c = [v];
            }

            return;
          }

          str = String(v);
        } else {

          if (!isNumeric.test(str = String(v))) return parseNumeric(x, str, isNum);

          x.s = str.charCodeAt(0) == 45 ? (str = str.slice(1), -1) : 1;
        }

        // Decimal point?
        if ((e = str.indexOf('.')) > -1) str = str.replace('.', '');

        // Exponential form?
        if ((i = str.search(/e/i)) > 0) {

          // Determine exponent.
          if (e < 0) e = i;
          e += +str.slice(i + 1);
          str = str.substring(0, i);
        } else if (e < 0) {

          // Integer.
          e = str.length;
        }

      } else {

        // '[BigNumber Error] Base {not a primitive number|not an integer|out of range}: {b}'
        intCheck(b, 2, ALPHABET.length, 'Base');

        // Allow exponential notation to be used with base 10 argument, while
        // also rounding to DECIMAL_PLACES as with other bases.
        if (b == 10) {
          x = new BigNumber(v);
          return round(x, DECIMAL_PLACES + x.e + 1, ROUNDING_MODE);
        }

        str = String(v);

        if (isNum = typeof v == 'number') {

          // Avoid potential interpretation of Infinity and NaN as base 44+ values.
          if (v * 0 != 0) return parseNumeric(x, str, isNum, b);

          x.s = 1 / v < 0 ? (str = str.slice(1), -1) : 1;

          // '[BigNumber Error] Number primitive has more than 15 significant digits: {n}'
          if (BigNumber.DEBUG && str.replace(/^0\.0*|\./, '').length > 15) {
            throw Error
             (tooManyDigits + v);
          }
        } else {
          x.s = str.charCodeAt(0) === 45 ? (str = str.slice(1), -1) : 1;
        }

        alphabet = ALPHABET.slice(0, b);
        e = i = 0;

        // Check that str is a valid base b number.
        // Don't use RegExp, so alphabet can contain special characters.
        for (len = str.length; i < len; i++) {
          if (alphabet.indexOf(c = str.charAt(i)) < 0) {
            if (c == '.') {

              // If '.' is not the first character and it has not be found before.
              if (i > e) {
                e = len;
                continue;
              }
            } else if (!caseChanged) {

              // Allow e.g. hexadecimal 'FF' as well as 'ff'.
              if (str == str.toUpperCase() && (str = str.toLowerCase()) ||
                  str == str.toLowerCase() && (str = str.toUpperCase())) {
                caseChanged = true;
                i = -1;
                e = 0;
                continue;
              }
            }

            return parseNumeric(x, String(v), isNum, b);
          }
        }

        // Prevent later check for length on converted number.
        isNum = false;
        str = convertBase(str, b, 10, x.s);

        // Decimal point?
        if ((e = str.indexOf('.')) > -1) str = str.replace('.', '');
        else e = str.length;
      }

      // Determine leading zeros.
      for (i = 0; str.charCodeAt(i) === 48; i++);

      // Determine trailing zeros.
      for (len = str.length; str.charCodeAt(--len) === 48;);

      if (str = str.slice(i, ++len)) {
        len -= i;

        // '[BigNumber Error] Number primitive has more than 15 significant digits: {n}'
        if (isNum && BigNumber.DEBUG &&
          len > 15 && (v > MAX_SAFE_INTEGER || v !== mathfloor(v))) {
            throw Error
             (tooManyDigits + (x.s * v));
        }

         // Overflow?
        if ((e = e - i - 1) > MAX_EXP) {

          // Infinity.
          x.c = x.e = null;

        // Underflow?
        } else if (e < MIN_EXP) {

          // Zero.
          x.c = [x.e = 0];
        } else {
          x.e = e;
          x.c = [];

          // Transform base

          // e is the base 10 exponent.
          // i is where to slice str to get the first element of the coefficient array.
          i = (e + 1) % LOG_BASE;
          if (e < 0) i += LOG_BASE;  // i < 1

          if (i < len) {
            if (i) x.c.push(+str.slice(0, i));

            for (len -= LOG_BASE; i < len;) {
              x.c.push(+str.slice(i, i += LOG_BASE));
            }

            i = LOG_BASE - (str = str.slice(i)).length;
          } else {
            i -= len;
          }

          for (; i--; str += '0');
          x.c.push(+str);
        }
      } else {

        // Zero.
        x.c = [x.e = 0];
      }
    }


    // CONSTRUCTOR PROPERTIES


    BigNumber.clone = clone;

    BigNumber.ROUND_UP = 0;
    BigNumber.ROUND_DOWN = 1;
    BigNumber.ROUND_CEIL = 2;
    BigNumber.ROUND_FLOOR = 3;
    BigNumber.ROUND_HALF_UP = 4;
    BigNumber.ROUND_HALF_DOWN = 5;
    BigNumber.ROUND_HALF_EVEN = 6;
    BigNumber.ROUND_HALF_CEIL = 7;
    BigNumber.ROUND_HALF_FLOOR = 8;
    BigNumber.EUCLID = 9;


    /*
     * Configure infrequently-changing library-wide settings.
     *
     * Accept an object with the following optional properties (if the value of a property is
     * a number, it must be an integer within the inclusive range stated):
     *
     *   DECIMAL_PLACES   {number}           0 to MAX
     *   ROUNDING_MODE    {number}           0 to 8
     *   EXPONENTIAL_AT   {number|number[]}  -MAX to MAX  or  [-MAX to 0, 0 to MAX]
     *   RANGE            {number|number[]}  -MAX to MAX (not zero)  or  [-MAX to -1, 1 to MAX]
     *   CRYPTO           {boolean}          true or false
     *   MODULO_MODE      {number}           0 to 9
     *   POW_PRECISION       {number}           0 to MAX
     *   ALPHABET         {string}           A string of two or more unique characters which does
     *                                       not contain '.'.
     *   FORMAT           {object}           An object with some of the following properties:
     *     prefix                 {string}
     *     groupSize              {number}
     *     secondaryGroupSize     {number}
     *     groupSeparator         {string}
     *     decimalSeparator       {string}
     *     fractionGroupSize      {number}
     *     fractionGroupSeparator {string}
     *     suffix                 {string}
     *
     * (The values assigned to the above FORMAT object properties are not checked for validity.)
     *
     * E.g.
     * BigNumber.config({ DECIMAL_PLACES : 20, ROUNDING_MODE : 4 })
     *
     * Ignore properties/parameters set to null or undefined, except for ALPHABET.
     *
     * Return an object with the properties current values.
     */
    BigNumber.config = BigNumber.set = function (obj) {
      var p, v;

      if (obj != null) {

        if (typeof obj == 'object') {

          // DECIMAL_PLACES {number} Integer, 0 to MAX inclusive.
          // '[BigNumber Error] DECIMAL_PLACES {not a primitive number|not an integer|out of range}: {v}'
          if (obj.hasOwnProperty(p = 'DECIMAL_PLACES')) {
            v = obj[p];
            intCheck(v, 0, MAX, p);
            DECIMAL_PLACES = v;
          }

          // ROUNDING_MODE {number} Integer, 0 to 8 inclusive.
          // '[BigNumber Error] ROUNDING_MODE {not a primitive number|not an integer|out of range}: {v}'
          if (obj.hasOwnProperty(p = 'ROUNDING_MODE')) {
            v = obj[p];
            intCheck(v, 0, 8, p);
            ROUNDING_MODE = v;
          }

          // EXPONENTIAL_AT {number|number[]}
          // Integer, -MAX to MAX inclusive or
          // [integer -MAX to 0 inclusive, 0 to MAX inclusive].
          // '[BigNumber Error] EXPONENTIAL_AT {not a primitive number|not an integer|out of range}: {v}'
          if (obj.hasOwnProperty(p = 'EXPONENTIAL_AT')) {
            v = obj[p];
            if (v && v.pop) {
              intCheck(v[0], -MAX, 0, p);
              intCheck(v[1], 0, MAX, p);
              TO_EXP_NEG = v[0];
              TO_EXP_POS = v[1];
            } else {
              intCheck(v, -MAX, MAX, p);
              TO_EXP_NEG = -(TO_EXP_POS = v < 0 ? -v : v);
            }
          }

          // RANGE {number|number[]} Non-zero integer, -MAX to MAX inclusive or
          // [integer -MAX to -1 inclusive, integer 1 to MAX inclusive].
          // '[BigNumber Error] RANGE {not a primitive number|not an integer|out of range|cannot be zero}: {v}'
          if (obj.hasOwnProperty(p = 'RANGE')) {
            v = obj[p];
            if (v && v.pop) {
              intCheck(v[0], -MAX, -1, p);
              intCheck(v[1], 1, MAX, p);
              MIN_EXP = v[0];
              MAX_EXP = v[1];
            } else {
              intCheck(v, -MAX, MAX, p);
              if (v) {
                MIN_EXP = -(MAX_EXP = v < 0 ? -v : v);
              } else {
                throw Error
                 (bignumberError + p + ' cannot be zero: ' + v);
              }
            }
          }

          // CRYPTO {boolean} true or false.
          // '[BigNumber Error] CRYPTO not true or false: {v}'
          // '[BigNumber Error] crypto unavailable'
          if (obj.hasOwnProperty(p = 'CRYPTO')) {
            v = obj[p];
            if (v === !!v) {
              if (v) {
                if (typeof crypto != 'undefined' && crypto &&
                 (crypto.getRandomValues || crypto.randomBytes)) {
                  CRYPTO = v;
                } else {
                  CRYPTO = !v;
                  throw Error
                   (bignumberError + 'crypto unavailable');
                }
              } else {
                CRYPTO = v;
              }
            } else {
              throw Error
               (bignumberError + p + ' not true or false: ' + v);
            }
          }

          // MODULO_MODE {number} Integer, 0 to 9 inclusive.
          // '[BigNumber Error] MODULO_MODE {not a primitive number|not an integer|out of range}: {v}'
          if (obj.hasOwnProperty(p = 'MODULO_MODE')) {
            v = obj[p];
            intCheck(v, 0, 9, p);
            MODULO_MODE = v;
          }

          // POW_PRECISION {number} Integer, 0 to MAX inclusive.
          // '[BigNumber Error] POW_PRECISION {not a primitive number|not an integer|out of range}: {v}'
          if (obj.hasOwnProperty(p = 'POW_PRECISION')) {
            v = obj[p];
            intCheck(v, 0, MAX, p);
            POW_PRECISION = v;
          }

          // FORMAT {object}
          // '[BigNumber Error] FORMAT not an object: {v}'
          if (obj.hasOwnProperty(p = 'FORMAT')) {
            v = obj[p];
            if (typeof v == 'object') FORMAT = v;
            else throw Error
             (bignumberError + p + ' not an object: ' + v);
          }

          // ALPHABET {string}
          // '[BigNumber Error] ALPHABET invalid: {v}'
          if (obj.hasOwnProperty(p = 'ALPHABET')) {
            v = obj[p];

            // Disallow if only one character,
            // or if it contains '+', '-', '.', whitespace, or a repeated character.
            if (typeof v == 'string' && !/^.$|[+-.\s]|(.).*\1/.test(v)) {
              ALPHABET = v;
            } else {
              throw Error
               (bignumberError + p + ' invalid: ' + v);
            }
          }

        } else {

          // '[BigNumber Error] Object expected: {v}'
          throw Error
           (bignumberError + 'Object expected: ' + obj);
        }
      }

      return {
        DECIMAL_PLACES: DECIMAL_PLACES,
        ROUNDING_MODE: ROUNDING_MODE,
        EXPONENTIAL_AT: [TO_EXP_NEG, TO_EXP_POS],
        RANGE: [MIN_EXP, MAX_EXP],
        CRYPTO: CRYPTO,
        MODULO_MODE: MODULO_MODE,
        POW_PRECISION: POW_PRECISION,
        FORMAT: FORMAT,
        ALPHABET: ALPHABET
      };
    };


    /*
     * Return true if v is a BigNumber instance, otherwise return false.
     *
     * If BigNumber.DEBUG is true, throw if a BigNumber instance is not well-formed.
     *
     * v {any}
     *
     * '[BigNumber Error] Invalid BigNumber: {v}'
     */
    BigNumber.isBigNumber = function (v) {
      if (!v || v._isBigNumber !== true) return false;
      if (!BigNumber.DEBUG) return true;

      var i, n,
        c = v.c,
        e = v.e,
        s = v.s;

      out: if ({}.toString.call(c) == '[object Array]') {

        if ((s === 1 || s === -1) && e >= -MAX && e <= MAX && e === mathfloor(e)) {

          // If the first element is zero, the BigNumber value must be zero.
          if (c[0] === 0) {
            if (e === 0 && c.length === 1) return true;
            break out;
          }

          // Calculate number of digits that c[0] should have, based on the exponent.
          i = (e + 1) % LOG_BASE;
          if (i < 1) i += LOG_BASE;

          // Calculate number of digits of c[0].
          //if (Math.ceil(Math.log(c[0] + 1) / Math.LN10) == i) {
          if (String(c[0]).length == i) {

            for (i = 0; i < c.length; i++) {
              n = c[i];
              if (n < 0 || n >= BASE || n !== mathfloor(n)) break out;
            }

            // Last element cannot be zero, unless it is the only element.
            if (n !== 0) return true;
          }
        }

      // Infinity/NaN
      } else if (c === null && e === null && (s === null || s === 1 || s === -1)) {
        return true;
      }

      throw Error
        (bignumberError + 'Invalid BigNumber: ' + v);
    };


    /*
     * Return a new BigNumber whose value is the maximum of the arguments.
     *
     * arguments {number|string|BigNumber}
     */
    BigNumber.maximum = BigNumber.max = function () {
      return maxOrMin(arguments, P.lt);
    };


    /*
     * Return a new BigNumber whose value is the minimum of the arguments.
     *
     * arguments {number|string|BigNumber}
     */
    BigNumber.minimum = BigNumber.min = function () {
      return maxOrMin(arguments, P.gt);
    };


    /*
     * Return a new BigNumber with a random value equal to or greater than 0 and less than 1,
     * and with dp, or DECIMAL_PLACES if dp is omitted, decimal places (or less if trailing
     * zeros are produced).
     *
     * [dp] {number} Decimal places. Integer, 0 to MAX inclusive.
     *
     * '[BigNumber Error] Argument {not a primitive number|not an integer|out of range}: {dp}'
     * '[BigNumber Error] crypto unavailable'
     */
    BigNumber.random = (function () {
      var pow2_53 = 0x20000000000000;

      // Return a 53 bit integer n, where 0 <= n < 9007199254740992.
      // Check if Math.random() produces more than 32 bits of randomness.
      // If it does, assume at least 53 bits are produced, otherwise assume at least 30 bits.
      // 0x40000000 is 2^30, 0x800000 is 2^23, 0x1fffff is 2^21 - 1.
      var random53bitInt = (Math.random() * pow2_53) & 0x1fffff
       ? function () { return mathfloor(Math.random() * pow2_53); }
       : function () { return ((Math.random() * 0x40000000 | 0) * 0x800000) +
         (Math.random() * 0x800000 | 0); };

      return function (dp) {
        var a, b, e, k, v,
          i = 0,
          c = [],
          rand = new BigNumber(ONE);

        if (dp == null) dp = DECIMAL_PLACES;
        else intCheck(dp, 0, MAX);

        k = mathceil(dp / LOG_BASE);

        if (CRYPTO) {

          // Browsers supporting crypto.getRandomValues.
          if (crypto.getRandomValues) {

            a = crypto.getRandomValues(new Uint32Array(k *= 2));

            for (; i < k;) {

              // 53 bits:
              // ((Math.pow(2, 32) - 1) * Math.pow(2, 21)).toString(2)
              // 11111 11111111 11111111 11111111 11100000 00000000 00000000
              // ((Math.pow(2, 32) - 1) >>> 11).toString(2)
              //                                     11111 11111111 11111111
              // 0x20000 is 2^21.
              v = a[i] * 0x20000 + (a[i + 1] >>> 11);

              // Rejection sampling:
              // 0 <= v < 9007199254740992
              // Probability that v >= 9e15, is
              // 7199254740992 / 9007199254740992 ~= 0.0008, i.e. 1 in 1251
              if (v >= 9e15) {
                b = crypto.getRandomValues(new Uint32Array(2));
                a[i] = b[0];
                a[i + 1] = b[1];
              } else {

                // 0 <= v <= 8999999999999999
                // 0 <= (v % 1e14) <= 99999999999999
                c.push(v % 1e14);
                i += 2;
              }
            }
            i = k / 2;

          // Node.js supporting crypto.randomBytes.
          } else if (crypto.randomBytes) {

            // buffer
            a = crypto.randomBytes(k *= 7);

            for (; i < k;) {

              // 0x1000000000000 is 2^48, 0x10000000000 is 2^40
              // 0x100000000 is 2^32, 0x1000000 is 2^24
              // 11111 11111111 11111111 11111111 11111111 11111111 11111111
              // 0 <= v < 9007199254740992
              v = ((a[i] & 31) * 0x1000000000000) + (a[i + 1] * 0x10000000000) +
                 (a[i + 2] * 0x100000000) + (a[i + 3] * 0x1000000) +
                 (a[i + 4] << 16) + (a[i + 5] << 8) + a[i + 6];

              if (v >= 9e15) {
                crypto.randomBytes(7).copy(a, i);
              } else {

                // 0 <= (v % 1e14) <= 99999999999999
                c.push(v % 1e14);
                i += 7;
              }
            }
            i = k / 7;
          } else {
            CRYPTO = false;
            throw Error
             (bignumberError + 'crypto unavailable');
          }
        }

        // Use Math.random.
        if (!CRYPTO) {

          for (; i < k;) {
            v = random53bitInt();
            if (v < 9e15) c[i++] = v % 1e14;
          }
        }

        k = c[--i];
        dp %= LOG_BASE;

        // Convert trailing digits to zeros according to dp.
        if (k && dp) {
          v = POWS_TEN[LOG_BASE - dp];
          c[i] = mathfloor(k / v) * v;
        }

        // Remove trailing elements which are zero.
        for (; c[i] === 0; c.pop(), i--);

        // Zero?
        if (i < 0) {
          c = [e = 0];
        } else {

          // Remove leading elements which are zero and adjust exponent accordingly.
          for (e = -1 ; c[0] === 0; c.splice(0, 1), e -= LOG_BASE);

          // Count the digits of the first element of c to determine leading zeros, and...
          for (i = 1, v = c[0]; v >= 10; v /= 10, i++);

          // adjust the exponent accordingly.
          if (i < LOG_BASE) e -= LOG_BASE - i;
        }

        rand.e = e;
        rand.c = c;
        return rand;
      };
    })();


    /*
     * Return a BigNumber whose value is the sum of the arguments.
     *
     * arguments {number|string|BigNumber}
     */
    BigNumber.sum = function () {
      var i = 1,
        args = arguments,
        sum = new BigNumber(args[0]);
      for (; i < args.length;) sum = sum.plus(args[i++]);
      return sum;
    };


    // PRIVATE FUNCTIONS


    // Called by BigNumber and BigNumber.prototype.toString.
    convertBase = (function () {
      var decimal = '0123456789';

      /*
       * Convert string of baseIn to an array of numbers of baseOut.
       * Eg. toBaseOut('255', 10, 16) returns [15, 15].
       * Eg. toBaseOut('ff', 16, 10) returns [2, 5, 5].
       */
      function toBaseOut(str, baseIn, baseOut, alphabet) {
        var j,
          arr = [0],
          arrL,
          i = 0,
          len = str.length;

        for (; i < len;) {
          for (arrL = arr.length; arrL--; arr[arrL] *= baseIn);

          arr[0] += alphabet.indexOf(str.charAt(i++));

          for (j = 0; j < arr.length; j++) {

            if (arr[j] > baseOut - 1) {
              if (arr[j + 1] == null) arr[j + 1] = 0;
              arr[j + 1] += arr[j] / baseOut | 0;
              arr[j] %= baseOut;
            }
          }
        }

        return arr.reverse();
      }

      // Convert a numeric string of baseIn to a numeric string of baseOut.
      // If the caller is toString, we are converting from base 10 to baseOut.
      // If the caller is BigNumber, we are converting from baseIn to base 10.
      return function (str, baseIn, baseOut, sign, callerIsToString) {
        var alphabet, d, e, k, r, x, xc, y,
          i = str.indexOf('.'),
          dp = DECIMAL_PLACES,
          rm = ROUNDING_MODE;

        // Non-integer.
        if (i >= 0) {
          k = POW_PRECISION;

          // Unlimited precision.
          POW_PRECISION = 0;
          str = str.replace('.', '');
          y = new BigNumber(baseIn);
          x = y.pow(str.length - i);
          POW_PRECISION = k;

          // Convert str as if an integer, then restore the fraction part by dividing the
          // result by its base raised to a power.

          y.c = toBaseOut(toFixedPoint(coeffToString(x.c), x.e, '0'),
           10, baseOut, decimal);
          y.e = y.c.length;
        }

        // Convert the number as integer.

        xc = toBaseOut(str, baseIn, baseOut, callerIsToString
         ? (alphabet = ALPHABET, decimal)
         : (alphabet = decimal, ALPHABET));

        // xc now represents str as an integer and converted to baseOut. e is the exponent.
        e = k = xc.length;

        // Remove trailing zeros.
        for (; xc[--k] == 0; xc.pop());

        // Zero?
        if (!xc[0]) return alphabet.charAt(0);

        // Does str represent an integer? If so, no need for the division.
        if (i < 0) {
          --e;
        } else {
          x.c = xc;
          x.e = e;

          // The sign is needed for correct rounding.
          x.s = sign;
          x = div(x, y, dp, rm, baseOut);
          xc = x.c;
          r = x.r;
          e = x.e;
        }

        // xc now represents str converted to baseOut.

        // THe index of the rounding digit.
        d = e + dp + 1;

        // The rounding digit: the digit to the right of the digit that may be rounded up.
        i = xc[d];

        // Look at the rounding digits and mode to determine whether to round up.

        k = baseOut / 2;
        r = r || d < 0 || xc[d + 1] != null;

        r = rm < 4 ? (i != null || r) && (rm == 0 || rm == (x.s < 0 ? 3 : 2))
              : i > k || i == k &&(rm == 4 || r || rm == 6 && xc[d - 1] & 1 ||
               rm == (x.s < 0 ? 8 : 7));

        // If the index of the rounding digit is not greater than zero, or xc represents
        // zero, then the result of the base conversion is zero or, if rounding up, a value
        // such as 0.00001.
        if (d < 1 || !xc[0]) {

          // 1^-dp or 0
          str = r ? toFixedPoint(alphabet.charAt(1), -dp, alphabet.charAt(0)) : alphabet.charAt(0);
        } else {

          // Truncate xc to the required number of decimal places.
          xc.length = d;

          // Round up?
          if (r) {

            // Rounding up may mean the previous digit has to be rounded up and so on.
            for (--baseOut; ++xc[--d] > baseOut;) {
              xc[d] = 0;

              if (!d) {
                ++e;
                xc = [1].concat(xc);
              }
            }
          }

          // Determine trailing zeros.
          for (k = xc.length; !xc[--k];);

          // E.g. [4, 11, 15] becomes 4bf.
          for (i = 0, str = ''; i <= k; str += alphabet.charAt(xc[i++]));

          // Add leading zeros, decimal point and trailing zeros as required.
          str = toFixedPoint(str, e, alphabet.charAt(0));
        }

        // The caller will add the sign.
        return str;
      };
    })();


    // Perform division in the specified base. Called by div and convertBase.
    div = (function () {

      // Assume non-zero x and k.
      function multiply(x, k, base) {
        var m, temp, xlo, xhi,
          carry = 0,
          i = x.length,
          klo = k % SQRT_BASE,
          khi = k / SQRT_BASE | 0;

        for (x = x.slice(); i--;) {
          xlo = x[i] % SQRT_BASE;
          xhi = x[i] / SQRT_BASE | 0;
          m = khi * xlo + xhi * klo;
          temp = klo * xlo + ((m % SQRT_BASE) * SQRT_BASE) + carry;
          carry = (temp / base | 0) + (m / SQRT_BASE | 0) + khi * xhi;
          x[i] = temp % base;
        }

        if (carry) x = [carry].concat(x);

        return x;
      }

      function compare(a, b, aL, bL) {
        var i, cmp;

        if (aL != bL) {
          cmp = aL > bL ? 1 : -1;
        } else {

          for (i = cmp = 0; i < aL; i++) {

            if (a[i] != b[i]) {
              cmp = a[i] > b[i] ? 1 : -1;
              break;
            }
          }
        }

        return cmp;
      }

      function subtract(a, b, aL, base) {
        var i = 0;

        // Subtract b from a.
        for (; aL--;) {
          a[aL] -= i;
          i = a[aL] < b[aL] ? 1 : 0;
          a[aL] = i * base + a[aL] - b[aL];
        }

        // Remove leading zeros.
        for (; !a[0] && a.length > 1; a.splice(0, 1));
      }

      // x: dividend, y: divisor.
      return function (x, y, dp, rm, base) {
        var cmp, e, i, more, n, prod, prodL, q, qc, rem, remL, rem0, xi, xL, yc0,
          yL, yz,
          s = x.s == y.s ? 1 : -1,
          xc = x.c,
          yc = y.c;

        // Either NaN, Infinity or 0?
        if (!xc || !xc[0] || !yc || !yc[0]) {

          return new BigNumber(

           // Return NaN if either NaN, or both Infinity or 0.
           !x.s || !y.s || (xc ? yc && xc[0] == yc[0] : !yc) ? NaN :

            // Return ±0 if x is ±0 or y is ±Infinity, or return ±Infinity as y is ±0.
            xc && xc[0] == 0 || !yc ? s * 0 : s / 0
         );
        }

        q = new BigNumber(s);
        qc = q.c = [];
        e = x.e - y.e;
        s = dp + e + 1;

        if (!base) {
          base = BASE;
          e = bitFloor(x.e / LOG_BASE) - bitFloor(y.e / LOG_BASE);
          s = s / LOG_BASE | 0;
        }

        // Result exponent may be one less then the current value of e.
        // The coefficients of the BigNumbers from convertBase may have trailing zeros.
        for (i = 0; yc[i] == (xc[i] || 0); i++);

        if (yc[i] > (xc[i] || 0)) e--;

        if (s < 0) {
          qc.push(1);
          more = true;
        } else {
          xL = xc.length;
          yL = yc.length;
          i = 0;
          s += 2;

          // Normalise xc and yc so highest order digit of yc is >= base / 2.

          n = mathfloor(base / (yc[0] + 1));

          // Not necessary, but to handle odd bases where yc[0] == (base / 2) - 1.
          // if (n > 1 || n++ == 1 && yc[0] < base / 2) {
          if (n > 1) {
            yc = multiply(yc, n, base);
            xc = multiply(xc, n, base);
            yL = yc.length;
            xL = xc.length;
          }

          xi = yL;
          rem = xc.slice(0, yL);
          remL = rem.length;

          // Add zeros to make remainder as long as divisor.
          for (; remL < yL; rem[remL++] = 0);
          yz = yc.slice();
          yz = [0].concat(yz);
          yc0 = yc[0];
          if (yc[1] >= base / 2) yc0++;
          // Not necessary, but to prevent trial digit n > base, when using base 3.
          // else if (base == 3 && yc0 == 1) yc0 = 1 + 1e-15;

          do {
            n = 0;

            // Compare divisor and remainder.
            cmp = compare(yc, rem, yL, remL);

            // If divisor < remainder.
            if (cmp < 0) {

              // Calculate trial digit, n.

              rem0 = rem[0];
              if (yL != remL) rem0 = rem0 * base + (rem[1] || 0);

              // n is how many times the divisor goes into the current remainder.
              n = mathfloor(rem0 / yc0);

              //  Algorithm:
              //  product = divisor multiplied by trial digit (n).
              //  Compare product and remainder.
              //  If product is greater than remainder:
              //    Subtract divisor from product, decrement trial digit.
              //  Subtract product from remainder.
              //  If product was less than remainder at the last compare:
              //    Compare new remainder and divisor.
              //    If remainder is greater than divisor:
              //      Subtract divisor from remainder, increment trial digit.

              if (n > 1) {

                // n may be > base only when base is 3.
                if (n >= base) n = base - 1;

                // product = divisor * trial digit.
                prod = multiply(yc, n, base);
                prodL = prod.length;
                remL = rem.length;

                // Compare product and remainder.
                // If product > remainder then trial digit n too high.
                // n is 1 too high about 5% of the time, and is not known to have
                // ever been more than 1 too high.
                while (compare(prod, rem, prodL, remL) == 1) {
                  n--;

                  // Subtract divisor from product.
                  subtract(prod, yL < prodL ? yz : yc, prodL, base);
                  prodL = prod.length;
                  cmp = 1;
                }
              } else {

                // n is 0 or 1, cmp is -1.
                // If n is 0, there is no need to compare yc and rem again below,
                // so change cmp to 1 to avoid it.
                // If n is 1, leave cmp as -1, so yc and rem are compared again.
                if (n == 0) {

                  // divisor < remainder, so n must be at least 1.
                  cmp = n = 1;
                }

                // product = divisor
                prod = yc.slice();
                prodL = prod.length;
              }

              if (prodL < remL) prod = [0].concat(prod);

              // Subtract product from remainder.
              subtract(rem, prod, remL, base);
              remL = rem.length;

               // If product was < remainder.
              if (cmp == -1) {

                // Compare divisor and new remainder.
                // If divisor < new remainder, subtract divisor from remainder.
                // Trial digit n too low.
                // n is 1 too low about 5% of the time, and very rarely 2 too low.
                while (compare(yc, rem, yL, remL) < 1) {
                  n++;

                  // Subtract divisor from remainder.
                  subtract(rem, yL < remL ? yz : yc, remL, base);
                  remL = rem.length;
                }
              }
            } else if (cmp === 0) {
              n++;
              rem = [0];
            } // else cmp === 1 and n will be 0

            // Add the next digit, n, to the result array.
            qc[i++] = n;

            // Update the remainder.
            if (rem[0]) {
              rem[remL++] = xc[xi] || 0;
            } else {
              rem = [xc[xi]];
              remL = 1;
            }
          } while ((xi++ < xL || rem[0] != null) && s--);

          more = rem[0] != null;

          // Leading zero?
          if (!qc[0]) qc.splice(0, 1);
        }

        if (base == BASE) {

          // To calculate q.e, first get the number of digits of qc[0].
          for (i = 1, s = qc[0]; s >= 10; s /= 10, i++);

          round(q, dp + (q.e = i + e * LOG_BASE - 1) + 1, rm, more);

        // Caller is convertBase.
        } else {
          q.e = e;
          q.r = +more;
        }

        return q;
      };
    })();


    /*
     * Return a string representing the value of BigNumber n in fixed-point or exponential
     * notation rounded to the specified decimal places or significant digits.
     *
     * n: a BigNumber.
     * i: the index of the last digit required (i.e. the digit that may be rounded up).
     * rm: the rounding mode.
     * id: 1 (toExponential) or 2 (toPrecision).
     */
    function format(n, i, rm, id) {
      var c0, e, ne, len, str;

      if (rm == null) rm = ROUNDING_MODE;
      else intCheck(rm, 0, 8);

      if (!n.c) return n.toString();

      c0 = n.c[0];
      ne = n.e;

      if (i == null) {
        str = coeffToString(n.c);
        str = id == 1 || id == 2 && (ne <= TO_EXP_NEG || ne >= TO_EXP_POS)
         ? toExponential(str, ne)
         : toFixedPoint(str, ne, '0');
      } else {
        n = round(new BigNumber(n), i, rm);

        // n.e may have changed if the value was rounded up.
        e = n.e;

        str = coeffToString(n.c);
        len = str.length;

        // toPrecision returns exponential notation if the number of significant digits
        // specified is less than the number of digits necessary to represent the integer
        // part of the value in fixed-point notation.

        // Exponential notation.
        if (id == 1 || id == 2 && (i <= e || e <= TO_EXP_NEG)) {

          // Append zeros?
          for (; len < i; str += '0', len++);
          str = toExponential(str, e);

        // Fixed-point notation.
        } else {
          i -= ne;
          str = toFixedPoint(str, e, '0');

          // Append zeros?
          if (e + 1 > len) {
            if (--i > 0) for (str += '.'; i--; str += '0');
          } else {
            i += e - len;
            if (i > 0) {
              if (e + 1 == len) str += '.';
              for (; i--; str += '0');
            }
          }
        }
      }

      return n.s < 0 && c0 ? '-' + str : str;
    }


    // Handle BigNumber.max and BigNumber.min.
    function maxOrMin(args, method) {
      var n,
        i = 1,
        m = new BigNumber(args[0]);

      for (; i < args.length; i++) {
        n = new BigNumber(args[i]);

        // If any number is NaN, return NaN.
        if (!n.s) {
          m = n;
          break;
        } else if (method.call(m, n)) {
          m = n;
        }
      }

      return m;
    }


    /*
     * Strip trailing zeros, calculate base 10 exponent and check against MIN_EXP and MAX_EXP.
     * Called by minus, plus and times.
     */
    function normalise(n, c, e) {
      var i = 1,
        j = c.length;

       // Remove trailing zeros.
      for (; !c[--j]; c.pop());

      // Calculate the base 10 exponent. First get the number of digits of c[0].
      for (j = c[0]; j >= 10; j /= 10, i++);

      // Overflow?
      if ((e = i + e * LOG_BASE - 1) > MAX_EXP) {

        // Infinity.
        n.c = n.e = null;

      // Underflow?
      } else if (e < MIN_EXP) {

        // Zero.
        n.c = [n.e = 0];
      } else {
        n.e = e;
        n.c = c;
      }

      return n;
    }


    // Handle values that fail the validity test in BigNumber.
    parseNumeric = (function () {
      var basePrefix = /^(-?)0([xbo])(?=\w[\w.]*$)/i,
        dotAfter = /^([^.]+)\.$/,
        dotBefore = /^\.([^.]+)$/,
        isInfinityOrNaN = /^-?(Infinity|NaN)$/,
        whitespaceOrPlus = /^\s*\+(?=[\w.])|^\s+|\s+$/g;

      return function (x, str, isNum, b) {
        var base,
          s = isNum ? str : str.replace(whitespaceOrPlus, '');

        // No exception on ±Infinity or NaN.
        if (isInfinityOrNaN.test(s)) {
          x.s = isNaN(s) ? null : s < 0 ? -1 : 1;
        } else {
          if (!isNum) {

            // basePrefix = /^(-?)0([xbo])(?=\w[\w.]*$)/i
            s = s.replace(basePrefix, function (m, p1, p2) {
              base = (p2 = p2.toLowerCase()) == 'x' ? 16 : p2 == 'b' ? 2 : 8;
              return !b || b == base ? p1 : m;
            });

            if (b) {
              base = b;

              // E.g. '1.' to '1', '.1' to '0.1'
              s = s.replace(dotAfter, '$1').replace(dotBefore, '0.$1');
            }

            if (str != s) return new BigNumber(s, base);
          }

          // '[BigNumber Error] Not a number: {n}'
          // '[BigNumber Error] Not a base {b} number: {n}'
          if (BigNumber.DEBUG) {
            throw Error
              (bignumberError + 'Not a' + (b ? ' base ' + b : '') + ' number: ' + str);
          }

          // NaN
          x.s = null;
        }

        x.c = x.e = null;
      }
    })();


    /*
     * Round x to sd significant digits using rounding mode rm. Check for over/under-flow.
     * If r is truthy, it is known that there are more digits after the rounding digit.
     */
    function round(x, sd, rm, r) {
      var d, i, j, k, n, ni, rd,
        xc = x.c,
        pows10 = POWS_TEN;

      // if x is not Infinity or NaN...
      if (xc) {

        // rd is the rounding digit, i.e. the digit after the digit that may be rounded up.
        // n is a base 1e14 number, the value of the element of array x.c containing rd.
        // ni is the index of n within x.c.
        // d is the number of digits of n.
        // i is the index of rd within n including leading zeros.
        // j is the actual index of rd within n (if < 0, rd is a leading zero).
        out: {

          // Get the number of digits of the first element of xc.
          for (d = 1, k = xc[0]; k >= 10; k /= 10, d++);
          i = sd - d;

          // If the rounding digit is in the first element of xc...
          if (i < 0) {
            i += LOG_BASE;
            j = sd;
            n = xc[ni = 0];

            // Get the rounding digit at index j of n.
            rd = n / pows10[d - j - 1] % 10 | 0;
          } else {
            ni = mathceil((i + 1) / LOG_BASE);

            if (ni >= xc.length) {

              if (r) {

                // Needed by sqrt.
                for (; xc.length <= ni; xc.push(0));
                n = rd = 0;
                d = 1;
                i %= LOG_BASE;
                j = i - LOG_BASE + 1;
              } else {
                break out;
              }
            } else {
              n = k = xc[ni];

              // Get the number of digits of n.
              for (d = 1; k >= 10; k /= 10, d++);

              // Get the index of rd within n.
              i %= LOG_BASE;

              // Get the index of rd within n, adjusted for leading zeros.
              // The number of leading zeros of n is given by LOG_BASE - d.
              j = i - LOG_BASE + d;

              // Get the rounding digit at index j of n.
              rd = j < 0 ? 0 : n / pows10[d - j - 1] % 10 | 0;
            }
          }

          r = r || sd < 0 ||

          // Are there any non-zero digits after the rounding digit?
          // The expression  n % pows10[d - j - 1]  returns all digits of n to the right
          // of the digit at j, e.g. if n is 908714 and j is 2, the expression gives 714.
           xc[ni + 1] != null || (j < 0 ? n : n % pows10[d - j - 1]);

          r = rm < 4
           ? (rd || r) && (rm == 0 || rm == (x.s < 0 ? 3 : 2))
           : rd > 5 || rd == 5 && (rm == 4 || r || rm == 6 &&

            // Check whether the digit to the left of the rounding digit is odd.
            ((i > 0 ? j > 0 ? n / pows10[d - j] : 0 : xc[ni - 1]) % 10) & 1 ||
             rm == (x.s < 0 ? 8 : 7));

          if (sd < 1 || !xc[0]) {
            xc.length = 0;

            if (r) {

              // Convert sd to decimal places.
              sd -= x.e + 1;

              // 1, 0.1, 0.01, 0.001, 0.0001 etc.
              xc[0] = pows10[(LOG_BASE - sd % LOG_BASE) % LOG_BASE];
              x.e = -sd || 0;
            } else {

              // Zero.
              xc[0] = x.e = 0;
            }

            return x;
          }

          // Remove excess digits.
          if (i == 0) {
            xc.length = ni;
            k = 1;
            ni--;
          } else {
            xc.length = ni + 1;
            k = pows10[LOG_BASE - i];

            // E.g. 56700 becomes 56000 if 7 is the rounding digit.
            // j > 0 means i > number of leading zeros of n.
            xc[ni] = j > 0 ? mathfloor(n / pows10[d - j] % pows10[j]) * k : 0;
          }

          // Round up?
          if (r) {

            for (; ;) {

              // If the digit to be rounded up is in the first element of xc...
              if (ni == 0) {

                // i will be the length of xc[0] before k is added.
                for (i = 1, j = xc[0]; j >= 10; j /= 10, i++);
                j = xc[0] += k;
                for (k = 1; j >= 10; j /= 10, k++);

                // if i != k the length has increased.
                if (i != k) {
                  x.e++;
                  if (xc[0] == BASE) xc[0] = 1;
                }

                break;
              } else {
                xc[ni] += k;
                if (xc[ni] != BASE) break;
                xc[ni--] = 0;
                k = 1;
              }
            }
          }

          // Remove trailing zeros.
          for (i = xc.length; xc[--i] === 0; xc.pop());
        }

        // Overflow? Infinity.
        if (x.e > MAX_EXP) {
          x.c = x.e = null;

        // Underflow? Zero.
        } else if (x.e < MIN_EXP) {
          x.c = [x.e = 0];
        }
      }

      return x;
    }


    function valueOf(n) {
      var str,
        e = n.e;

      if (e === null) return n.toString();

      str = coeffToString(n.c);

      str = e <= TO_EXP_NEG || e >= TO_EXP_POS
        ? toExponential(str, e)
        : toFixedPoint(str, e, '0');

      return n.s < 0 ? '-' + str : str;
    }


    // PROTOTYPE/INSTANCE METHODS


    /*
     * Return a new BigNumber whose value is the absolute value of this BigNumber.
     */
    P.absoluteValue = P.abs = function () {
      var x = new BigNumber(this);
      if (x.s < 0) x.s = 1;
      return x;
    };


    /*
     * Return
     *   1 if the value of this BigNumber is greater than the value of BigNumber(y, b),
     *   -1 if the value of this BigNumber is less than the value of BigNumber(y, b),
     *   0 if they have the same value,
     *   or null if the value of either is NaN.
     */
    P.comparedTo = function (y, b) {
      return compare(this, new BigNumber(y, b));
    };


    /*
     * If dp is undefined or null or true or false, return the number of decimal places of the
     * value of this BigNumber, or null if the value of this BigNumber is ±Infinity or NaN.
     *
     * Otherwise, if dp is a number, return a new BigNumber whose value is the value of this
     * BigNumber rounded to a maximum of dp decimal places using rounding mode rm, or
     * ROUNDING_MODE if rm is omitted.
     *
     * [dp] {number} Decimal places: integer, 0 to MAX inclusive.
     * [rm] {number} Rounding mode. Integer, 0 to 8 inclusive.
     *
     * '[BigNumber Error] Argument {not a primitive number|not an integer|out of range}: {dp|rm}'
     */
    P.decimalPlaces = P.dp = function (dp, rm) {
      var c, n, v,
        x = this;

      if (dp != null) {
        intCheck(dp, 0, MAX);
        if (rm == null) rm = ROUNDING_MODE;
        else intCheck(rm, 0, 8);

        return round(new BigNumber(x), dp + x.e + 1, rm);
      }

      if (!(c = x.c)) return null;
      n = ((v = c.length - 1) - bitFloor(this.e / LOG_BASE)) * LOG_BASE;

      // Subtract the number of trailing zeros of the last number.
      if (v = c[v]) for (; v % 10 == 0; v /= 10, n--);
      if (n < 0) n = 0;

      return n;
    };


    /*
     *  n / 0 = I
     *  n / N = N
     *  n / I = 0
     *  0 / n = 0
     *  0 / 0 = N
     *  0 / N = N
     *  0 / I = 0
     *  N / n = N
     *  N / 0 = N
     *  N / N = N
     *  N / I = N
     *  I / n = I
     *  I / 0 = I
     *  I / N = N
     *  I / I = N
     *
     * Return a new BigNumber whose value is the value of this BigNumber divided by the value of
     * BigNumber(y, b), rounded according to DECIMAL_PLACES and ROUNDING_MODE.
     */
    P.dividedBy = P.div = function (y, b) {
      return div(this, new BigNumber(y, b), DECIMAL_PLACES, ROUNDING_MODE);
    };


    /*
     * Return a new BigNumber whose value is the integer part of dividing the value of this
     * BigNumber by the value of BigNumber(y, b).
     */
    P.dividedToIntegerBy = P.idiv = function (y, b) {
      return div(this, new BigNumber(y, b), 0, 1);
    };


    /*
     * Return a BigNumber whose value is the value of this BigNumber exponentiated by n.
     *
     * If m is present, return the result modulo m.
     * If n is negative round according to DECIMAL_PLACES and ROUNDING_MODE.
     * If POW_PRECISION is non-zero and m is not present, round to POW_PRECISION using ROUNDING_MODE.
     *
     * The modular power operation works efficiently when x, n, and m are integers, otherwise it
     * is equivalent to calculating x.exponentiatedBy(n).modulo(m) with a POW_PRECISION of 0.
     *
     * n {number|string|BigNumber} The exponent. An integer.
     * [m] {number|string|BigNumber} The modulus.
     *
     * '[BigNumber Error] Exponent not an integer: {n}'
     */
    P.exponentiatedBy = P.pow = function (n, m) {
      var half, isModExp, i, k, more, nIsBig, nIsNeg, nIsOdd, y,
        x = this;

      n = new BigNumber(n);

      // Allow NaN and ±Infinity, but not other non-integers.
      if (n.c && !n.isInteger()) {
        throw Error
          (bignumberError + 'Exponent not an integer: ' + valueOf(n));
      }

      if (m != null) m = new BigNumber(m);

      // Exponent of MAX_SAFE_INTEGER is 15.
      nIsBig = n.e > 14;

      // If x is NaN, ±Infinity, ±0 or ±1, or n is ±Infinity, NaN or ±0.
      if (!x.c || !x.c[0] || x.c[0] == 1 && !x.e && x.c.length == 1 || !n.c || !n.c[0]) {

        // The sign of the result of pow when x is negative depends on the evenness of n.
        // If +n overflows to ±Infinity, the evenness of n would be not be known.
        y = new BigNumber(Math.pow(+valueOf(x), nIsBig ? 2 - isOdd(n) : +valueOf(n)));
        return m ? y.mod(m) : y;
      }

      nIsNeg = n.s < 0;

      if (m) {

        // x % m returns NaN if abs(m) is zero, or m is NaN.
        if (m.c ? !m.c[0] : !m.s) return new BigNumber(NaN);

        isModExp = !nIsNeg && x.isInteger() && m.isInteger();

        if (isModExp) x = x.mod(m);

      // Overflow to ±Infinity: >=2**1e10 or >=1.0000024**1e15.
      // Underflow to ±0: <=0.79**1e10 or <=0.9999975**1e15.
      } else if (n.e > 9 && (x.e > 0 || x.e < -1 || (x.e == 0
        // [1, 240000000]
        ? x.c[0] > 1 || nIsBig && x.c[1] >= 24e7
        // [80000000000000]  [99999750000000]
        : x.c[0] < 8e13 || nIsBig && x.c[0] <= 9999975e7))) {

        // If x is negative and n is odd, k = -0, else k = 0.
        k = x.s < 0 && isOdd(n) ? -0 : 0;

        // If x >= 1, k = ±Infinity.
        if (x.e > -1) k = 1 / k;

        // If n is negative return ±0, else return ±Infinity.
        return new BigNumber(nIsNeg ? 1 / k : k);

      } else if (POW_PRECISION) {

        // Truncating each coefficient array to a length of k after each multiplication
        // equates to truncating significant digits to POW_PRECISION + [28, 41],
        // i.e. there will be a minimum of 28 guard digits retained.
        k = mathceil(POW_PRECISION / LOG_BASE + 2);
      }

      if (nIsBig) {
        half = new BigNumber(0.5);
        if (nIsNeg) n.s = 1;
        nIsOdd = isOdd(n);
      } else {
        i = Math.abs(+valueOf(n));
        nIsOdd = i % 2;
      }

      y = new BigNumber(ONE);

      // Performs 54 loop iterations for n of 9007199254740991.
      for (; ;) {

        if (nIsOdd) {
          y = y.times(x);
          if (!y.c) break;

          if (k) {
            if (y.c.length > k) y.c.length = k;
          } else if (isModExp) {
            y = y.mod(m);    //y = y.minus(div(y, m, 0, MODULO_MODE).times(m));
          }
        }

        if (i) {
          i = mathfloor(i / 2);
          if (i === 0) break;
          nIsOdd = i % 2;
        } else {
          n = n.times(half);
          round(n, n.e + 1, 1);

          if (n.e > 14) {
            nIsOdd = isOdd(n);
          } else {
            i = +valueOf(n);
            if (i === 0) break;
            nIsOdd = i % 2;
          }
        }

        x = x.times(x);

        if (k) {
          if (x.c && x.c.length > k) x.c.length = k;
        } else if (isModExp) {
          x = x.mod(m);    //x = x.minus(div(x, m, 0, MODULO_MODE).times(m));
        }
      }

      if (isModExp) return y;
      if (nIsNeg) y = ONE.div(y);

      return m ? y.mod(m) : k ? round(y, POW_PRECISION, ROUNDING_MODE, more) : y;
    };


    /*
     * Return a new BigNumber whose value is the value of this BigNumber rounded to an integer
     * using rounding mode rm, or ROUNDING_MODE if rm is omitted.
     *
     * [rm] {number} Rounding mode. Integer, 0 to 8 inclusive.
     *
     * '[BigNumber Error] Argument {not a primitive number|not an integer|out of range}: {rm}'
     */
    P.integerValue = function (rm) {
      var n = new BigNumber(this);
      if (rm == null) rm = ROUNDING_MODE;
      else intCheck(rm, 0, 8);
      return round(n, n.e + 1, rm);
    };


    /*
     * Return true if the value of this BigNumber is equal to the value of BigNumber(y, b),
     * otherwise return false.
     */
    P.isEqualTo = P.eq = function (y, b) {
      return compare(this, new BigNumber(y, b)) === 0;
    };


    /*
     * Return true if the value of this BigNumber is a finite number, otherwise return false.
     */
    P.isFinite = function () {
      return !!this.c;
    };


    /*
     * Return true if the value of this BigNumber is greater than the value of BigNumber(y, b),
     * otherwise return false.
     */
    P.isGreaterThan = P.gt = function (y, b) {
      return compare(this, new BigNumber(y, b)) > 0;
    };


    /*
     * Return true if the value of this BigNumber is greater than or equal to the value of
     * BigNumber(y, b), otherwise return false.
     */
    P.isGreaterThanOrEqualTo = P.gte = function (y, b) {
      return (b = compare(this, new BigNumber(y, b))) === 1 || b === 0;

    };


    /*
     * Return true if the value of this BigNumber is an integer, otherwise return false.
     */
    P.isInteger = function () {
      return !!this.c && bitFloor(this.e / LOG_BASE) > this.c.length - 2;
    };


    /*
     * Return true if the value of this BigNumber is less than the value of BigNumber(y, b),
     * otherwise return false.
     */
    P.isLessThan = P.lt = function (y, b) {
      return compare(this, new BigNumber(y, b)) < 0;
    };


    /*
     * Return true if the value of this BigNumber is less than or equal to the value of
     * BigNumber(y, b), otherwise return false.
     */
    P.isLessThanOrEqualTo = P.lte = function (y, b) {
      return (b = compare(this, new BigNumber(y, b))) === -1 || b === 0;
    };


    /*
     * Return true if the value of this BigNumber is NaN, otherwise return false.
     */
    P.isNaN = function () {
      return !this.s;
    };


    /*
     * Return true if the value of this BigNumber is negative, otherwise return false.
     */
    P.isNegative = function () {
      return this.s < 0;
    };


    /*
     * Return true if the value of this BigNumber is positive, otherwise return false.
     */
    P.isPositive = function () {
      return this.s > 0;
    };


    /*
     * Return true if the value of this BigNumber is 0 or -0, otherwise return false.
     */
    P.isZero = function () {
      return !!this.c && this.c[0] == 0;
    };


    /*
     *  n - 0 = n
     *  n - N = N
     *  n - I = -I
     *  0 - n = -n
     *  0 - 0 = 0
     *  0 - N = N
     *  0 - I = -I
     *  N - n = N
     *  N - 0 = N
     *  N - N = N
     *  N - I = N
     *  I - n = I
     *  I - 0 = I
     *  I - N = N
     *  I - I = N
     *
     * Return a new BigNumber whose value is the value of this BigNumber minus the value of
     * BigNumber(y, b).
     */
    P.minus = function (y, b) {
      var i, j, t, xLTy,
        x = this,
        a = x.s;

      y = new BigNumber(y, b);
      b = y.s;

      // Either NaN?
      if (!a || !b) return new BigNumber(NaN);

      // Signs differ?
      if (a != b) {
        y.s = -b;
        return x.plus(y);
      }

      var xe = x.e / LOG_BASE,
        ye = y.e / LOG_BASE,
        xc = x.c,
        yc = y.c;

      if (!xe || !ye) {

        // Either Infinity?
        if (!xc || !yc) return xc ? (y.s = -b, y) : new BigNumber(yc ? x : NaN);

        // Either zero?
        if (!xc[0] || !yc[0]) {

          // Return y if y is non-zero, x if x is non-zero, or zero if both are zero.
          return yc[0] ? (y.s = -b, y) : new BigNumber(xc[0] ? x :

           // IEEE 754 (2008) 6.3: n - n = -0 when rounding to -Infinity
           ROUNDING_MODE == 3 ? -0 : 0);
        }
      }

      xe = bitFloor(xe);
      ye = bitFloor(ye);
      xc = xc.slice();

      // Determine which is the bigger number.
      if (a = xe - ye) {

        if (xLTy = a < 0) {
          a = -a;
          t = xc;
        } else {
          ye = xe;
          t = yc;
        }

        t.reverse();

        // Prepend zeros to equalise exponents.
        for (b = a; b--; t.push(0));
        t.reverse();
      } else {

        // Exponents equal. Check digit by digit.
        j = (xLTy = (a = xc.length) < (b = yc.length)) ? a : b;

        for (a = b = 0; b < j; b++) {

          if (xc[b] != yc[b]) {
            xLTy = xc[b] < yc[b];
            break;
          }
        }
      }

      // x < y? Point xc to the array of the bigger number.
      if (xLTy) t = xc, xc = yc, yc = t, y.s = -y.s;

      b = (j = yc.length) - (i = xc.length);

      // Append zeros to xc if shorter.
      // No need to add zeros to yc if shorter as subtract only needs to start at yc.length.
      if (b > 0) for (; b--; xc[i++] = 0);
      b = BASE - 1;

      // Subtract yc from xc.
      for (; j > a;) {

        if (xc[--j] < yc[j]) {
          for (i = j; i && !xc[--i]; xc[i] = b);
          --xc[i];
          xc[j] += BASE;
        }

        xc[j] -= yc[j];
      }

      // Remove leading zeros and adjust exponent accordingly.
      for (; xc[0] == 0; xc.splice(0, 1), --ye);

      // Zero?
      if (!xc[0]) {

        // Following IEEE 754 (2008) 6.3,
        // n - n = +0  but  n - n = -0  when rounding towards -Infinity.
        y.s = ROUNDING_MODE == 3 ? -1 : 1;
        y.c = [y.e = 0];
        return y;
      }

      // No need to check for Infinity as +x - +y != Infinity && -x - -y != Infinity
      // for finite x and y.
      return normalise(y, xc, ye);
    };


    /*
     *   n % 0 =  N
     *   n % N =  N
     *   n % I =  n
     *   0 % n =  0
     *  -0 % n = -0
     *   0 % 0 =  N
     *   0 % N =  N
     *   0 % I =  0
     *   N % n =  N
     *   N % 0 =  N
     *   N % N =  N
     *   N % I =  N
     *   I % n =  N
     *   I % 0 =  N
     *   I % N =  N
     *   I % I =  N
     *
     * Return a new BigNumber whose value is the value of this BigNumber modulo the value of
     * BigNumber(y, b). The result depends on the value of MODULO_MODE.
     */
    P.modulo = P.mod = function (y, b) {
      var q, s,
        x = this;

      y = new BigNumber(y, b);

      // Return NaN if x is Infinity or NaN, or y is NaN or zero.
      if (!x.c || !y.s || y.c && !y.c[0]) {
        return new BigNumber(NaN);

      // Return x if y is Infinity or x is zero.
      } else if (!y.c || x.c && !x.c[0]) {
        return new BigNumber(x);
      }

      if (MODULO_MODE == 9) {

        // Euclidian division: q = sign(y) * floor(x / abs(y))
        // r = x - qy    where  0 <= r < abs(y)
        s = y.s;
        y.s = 1;
        q = div(x, y, 0, 3);
        y.s = s;
        q.s *= s;
      } else {
        q = div(x, y, 0, MODULO_MODE);
      }

      y = x.minus(q.times(y));

      // To match JavaScript %, ensure sign of zero is sign of dividend.
      if (!y.c[0] && MODULO_MODE == 1) y.s = x.s;

      return y;
    };


    /*
     *  n * 0 = 0
     *  n * N = N
     *  n * I = I
     *  0 * n = 0
     *  0 * 0 = 0
     *  0 * N = N
     *  0 * I = N
     *  N * n = N
     *  N * 0 = N
     *  N * N = N
     *  N * I = N
     *  I * n = I
     *  I * 0 = N
     *  I * N = N
     *  I * I = I
     *
     * Return a new BigNumber whose value is the value of this BigNumber multiplied by the value
     * of BigNumber(y, b).
     */
    P.multipliedBy = P.times = function (y, b) {
      var c, e, i, j, k, m, xcL, xlo, xhi, ycL, ylo, yhi, zc,
        base, sqrtBase,
        x = this,
        xc = x.c,
        yc = (y = new BigNumber(y, b)).c;

      // Either NaN, ±Infinity or ±0?
      if (!xc || !yc || !xc[0] || !yc[0]) {

        // Return NaN if either is NaN, or one is 0 and the other is Infinity.
        if (!x.s || !y.s || xc && !xc[0] && !yc || yc && !yc[0] && !xc) {
          y.c = y.e = y.s = null;
        } else {
          y.s *= x.s;

          // Return ±Infinity if either is ±Infinity.
          if (!xc || !yc) {
            y.c = y.e = null;

          // Return ±0 if either is ±0.
          } else {
            y.c = [0];
            y.e = 0;
          }
        }

        return y;
      }

      e = bitFloor(x.e / LOG_BASE) + bitFloor(y.e / LOG_BASE);
      y.s *= x.s;
      xcL = xc.length;
      ycL = yc.length;

      // Ensure xc points to longer array and xcL to its length.
      if (xcL < ycL) zc = xc, xc = yc, yc = zc, i = xcL, xcL = ycL, ycL = i;

      // Initialise the result array with zeros.
      for (i = xcL + ycL, zc = []; i--; zc.push(0));

      base = BASE;
      sqrtBase = SQRT_BASE;

      for (i = ycL; --i >= 0;) {
        c = 0;
        ylo = yc[i] % sqrtBase;
        yhi = yc[i] / sqrtBase | 0;

        for (k = xcL, j = i + k; j > i;) {
          xlo = xc[--k] % sqrtBase;
          xhi = xc[k] / sqrtBase | 0;
          m = yhi * xlo + xhi * ylo;
          xlo = ylo * xlo + ((m % sqrtBase) * sqrtBase) + zc[j] + c;
          c = (xlo / base | 0) + (m / sqrtBase | 0) + yhi * xhi;
          zc[j--] = xlo % base;
        }

        zc[j] = c;
      }

      if (c) {
        ++e;
      } else {
        zc.splice(0, 1);
      }

      return normalise(y, zc, e);
    };


    /*
     * Return a new BigNumber whose value is the value of this BigNumber negated,
     * i.e. multiplied by -1.
     */
    P.negated = function () {
      var x = new BigNumber(this);
      x.s = -x.s || null;
      return x;
    };


    /*
     *  n + 0 = n
     *  n + N = N
     *  n + I = I
     *  0 + n = n
     *  0 + 0 = 0
     *  0 + N = N
     *  0 + I = I
     *  N + n = N
     *  N + 0 = N
     *  N + N = N
     *  N + I = N
     *  I + n = I
     *  I + 0 = I
     *  I + N = N
     *  I + I = I
     *
     * Return a new BigNumber whose value is the value of this BigNumber plus the value of
     * BigNumber(y, b).
     */
    P.plus = function (y, b) {
      var t,
        x = this,
        a = x.s;

      y = new BigNumber(y, b);
      b = y.s;

      // Either NaN?
      if (!a || !b) return new BigNumber(NaN);

      // Signs differ?
       if (a != b) {
        y.s = -b;
        return x.minus(y);
      }

      var xe = x.e / LOG_BASE,
        ye = y.e / LOG_BASE,
        xc = x.c,
        yc = y.c;

      if (!xe || !ye) {

        // Return ±Infinity if either ±Infinity.
        if (!xc || !yc) return new BigNumber(a / 0);

        // Either zero?
        // Return y if y is non-zero, x if x is non-zero, or zero if both are zero.
        if (!xc[0] || !yc[0]) return yc[0] ? y : new BigNumber(xc[0] ? x : a * 0);
      }

      xe = bitFloor(xe);
      ye = bitFloor(ye);
      xc = xc.slice();

      // Prepend zeros to equalise exponents. Faster to use reverse then do unshifts.
      if (a = xe - ye) {
        if (a > 0) {
          ye = xe;
          t = yc;
        } else {
          a = -a;
          t = xc;
        }

        t.reverse();
        for (; a--; t.push(0));
        t.reverse();
      }

      a = xc.length;
      b = yc.length;

      // Point xc to the longer array, and b to the shorter length.
      if (a - b < 0) t = yc, yc = xc, xc = t, b = a;

      // Only start adding at yc.length - 1 as the further digits of xc can be ignored.
      for (a = 0; b;) {
        a = (xc[--b] = xc[b] + yc[b] + a) / BASE | 0;
        xc[b] = BASE === xc[b] ? 0 : xc[b] % BASE;
      }

      if (a) {
        xc = [a].concat(xc);
        ++ye;
      }

      // No need to check for zero, as +x + +y != 0 && -x + -y != 0
      // ye = MAX_EXP + 1 possible
      return normalise(y, xc, ye);
    };


    /*
     * If sd is undefined or null or true or false, return the number of significant digits of
     * the value of this BigNumber, or null if the value of this BigNumber is ±Infinity or NaN.
     * If sd is true include integer-part trailing zeros in the count.
     *
     * Otherwise, if sd is a number, return a new BigNumber whose value is the value of this
     * BigNumber rounded to a maximum of sd significant digits using rounding mode rm, or
     * ROUNDING_MODE if rm is omitted.
     *
     * sd {number|boolean} number: significant digits: integer, 1 to MAX inclusive.
     *                     boolean: whether to count integer-part trailing zeros: true or false.
     * [rm] {number} Rounding mode. Integer, 0 to 8 inclusive.
     *
     * '[BigNumber Error] Argument {not a primitive number|not an integer|out of range}: {sd|rm}'
     */
    P.precision = P.sd = function (sd, rm) {
      var c, n, v,
        x = this;

      if (sd != null && sd !== !!sd) {
        intCheck(sd, 1, MAX);
        if (rm == null) rm = ROUNDING_MODE;
        else intCheck(rm, 0, 8);

        return round(new BigNumber(x), sd, rm);
      }

      if (!(c = x.c)) return null;
      v = c.length - 1;
      n = v * LOG_BASE + 1;

      if (v = c[v]) {

        // Subtract the number of trailing zeros of the last element.
        for (; v % 10 == 0; v /= 10, n--);

        // Add the number of digits of the first element.
        for (v = c[0]; v >= 10; v /= 10, n++);
      }

      if (sd && x.e + 1 > n) n = x.e + 1;

      return n;
    };


    /*
     * Return a new BigNumber whose value is the value of this BigNumber shifted by k places
     * (powers of 10). Shift to the right if n > 0, and to the left if n < 0.
     *
     * k {number} Integer, -MAX_SAFE_INTEGER to MAX_SAFE_INTEGER inclusive.
     *
     * '[BigNumber Error] Argument {not a primitive number|not an integer|out of range}: {k}'
     */
    P.shiftedBy = function (k) {
      intCheck(k, -MAX_SAFE_INTEGER, MAX_SAFE_INTEGER);
      return this.times('1e' + k);
    };


    /*
     *  sqrt(-n) =  N
     *  sqrt(N) =  N
     *  sqrt(-I) =  N
     *  sqrt(I) =  I
     *  sqrt(0) =  0
     *  sqrt(-0) = -0
     *
     * Return a new BigNumber whose value is the square root of the value of this BigNumber,
     * rounded according to DECIMAL_PLACES and ROUNDING_MODE.
     */
    P.squareRoot = P.sqrt = function () {
      var m, n, r, rep, t,
        x = this,
        c = x.c,
        s = x.s,
        e = x.e,
        dp = DECIMAL_PLACES + 4,
        half = new BigNumber('0.5');

      // Negative/NaN/Infinity/zero?
      if (s !== 1 || !c || !c[0]) {
        return new BigNumber(!s || s < 0 && (!c || c[0]) ? NaN : c ? x : 1 / 0);
      }

      // Initial estimate.
      s = Math.sqrt(+valueOf(x));

      // Math.sqrt underflow/overflow?
      // Pass x to Math.sqrt as integer, then adjust the exponent of the result.
      if (s == 0 || s == 1 / 0) {
        n = coeffToString(c);
        if ((n.length + e) % 2 == 0) n += '0';
        s = Math.sqrt(+n);
        e = bitFloor((e + 1) / 2) - (e < 0 || e % 2);

        if (s == 1 / 0) {
          n = '1e' + e;
        } else {
          n = s.toExponential();
          n = n.slice(0, n.indexOf('e') + 1) + e;
        }

        r = new BigNumber(n);
      } else {
        r = new BigNumber(s + '');
      }

      // Check for zero.
      // r could be zero if MIN_EXP is changed after the this value was created.
      // This would cause a division by zero (x/t) and hence Infinity below, which would cause
      // coeffToString to throw.
      if (r.c[0]) {
        e = r.e;
        s = e + dp;
        if (s < 3) s = 0;

        // Newton-Raphson iteration.
        for (; ;) {
          t = r;
          r = half.times(t.plus(div(x, t, dp, 1)));

          if (coeffToString(t.c).slice(0, s) === (n = coeffToString(r.c)).slice(0, s)) {

            // The exponent of r may here be one less than the final result exponent,
            // e.g 0.0009999 (e-4) --> 0.001 (e-3), so adjust s so the rounding digits
            // are indexed correctly.
            if (r.e < e) --s;
            n = n.slice(s - 3, s + 1);

            // The 4th rounding digit may be in error by -1 so if the 4 rounding digits
            // are 9999 or 4999 (i.e. approaching a rounding boundary) continue the
            // iteration.
            if (n == '9999' || !rep && n == '4999') {

              // On the first iteration only, check to see if rounding up gives the
              // exact result as the nines may infinitely repeat.
              if (!rep) {
                round(t, t.e + DECIMAL_PLACES + 2, 0);

                if (t.times(t).eq(x)) {
                  r = t;
                  break;
                }
              }

              dp += 4;
              s += 4;
              rep = 1;
            } else {

              // If rounding digits are null, 0{0,4} or 50{0,3}, check for exact
              // result. If not, then there are further digits and m will be truthy.
              if (!+n || !+n.slice(1) && n.charAt(0) == '5') {

                // Truncate to the first rounding digit.
                round(r, r.e + DECIMAL_PLACES + 2, 1);
                m = !r.times(r).eq(x);
              }

              break;
            }
          }
        }
      }

      return round(r, r.e + DECIMAL_PLACES + 1, ROUNDING_MODE, m);
    };


    /*
     * Return a string representing the value of this BigNumber in exponential notation and
     * rounded using ROUNDING_MODE to dp fixed decimal places.
     *
     * [dp] {number} Decimal places. Integer, 0 to MAX inclusive.
     * [rm] {number} Rounding mode. Integer, 0 to 8 inclusive.
     *
     * '[BigNumber Error] Argument {not a primitive number|not an integer|out of range}: {dp|rm}'
     */
    P.toExponential = function (dp, rm) {
      if (dp != null) {
        intCheck(dp, 0, MAX);
        dp++;
      }
      return format(this, dp, rm, 1);
    };


    /*
     * Return a string representing the value of this BigNumber in fixed-point notation rounding
     * to dp fixed decimal places using rounding mode rm, or ROUNDING_MODE if rm is omitted.
     *
     * Note: as with JavaScript's number type, (-0).toFixed(0) is '0',
     * but e.g. (-0.00001).toFixed(0) is '-0'.
     *
     * [dp] {number} Decimal places. Integer, 0 to MAX inclusive.
     * [rm] {number} Rounding mode. Integer, 0 to 8 inclusive.
     *
     * '[BigNumber Error] Argument {not a primitive number|not an integer|out of range}: {dp|rm}'
     */
    P.toFixed = function (dp, rm) {
      if (dp != null) {
        intCheck(dp, 0, MAX);
        dp = dp + this.e + 1;
      }
      return format(this, dp, rm);
    };


    /*
     * Return a string representing the value of this BigNumber in fixed-point notation rounded
     * using rm or ROUNDING_MODE to dp decimal places, and formatted according to the properties
     * of the format or FORMAT object (see BigNumber.set).
     *
     * The formatting object may contain some or all of the properties shown below.
     *
     * FORMAT = {
     *   prefix: '',
     *   groupSize: 3,
     *   secondaryGroupSize: 0,
     *   groupSeparator: ',',
     *   decimalSeparator: '.',
     *   fractionGroupSize: 0,
     *   fractionGroupSeparator: '\xA0',      // non-breaking space
     *   suffix: ''
     * };
     *
     * [dp] {number} Decimal places. Integer, 0 to MAX inclusive.
     * [rm] {number} Rounding mode. Integer, 0 to 8 inclusive.
     * [format] {object} Formatting options. See FORMAT pbject above.
     *
     * '[BigNumber Error] Argument {not a primitive number|not an integer|out of range}: {dp|rm}'
     * '[BigNumber Error] Argument not an object: {format}'
     */
    P.toFormat = function (dp, rm, format) {
      var str,
        x = this;

      if (format == null) {
        if (dp != null && rm && typeof rm == 'object') {
          format = rm;
          rm = null;
        } else if (dp && typeof dp == 'object') {
          format = dp;
          dp = rm = null;
        } else {
          format = FORMAT;
        }
      } else if (typeof format != 'object') {
        throw Error
          (bignumberError + 'Argument not an object: ' + format);
      }

      str = x.toFixed(dp, rm);

      if (x.c) {
        var i,
          arr = str.split('.'),
          g1 = +format.groupSize,
          g2 = +format.secondaryGroupSize,
          groupSeparator = format.groupSeparator || '',
          intPart = arr[0],
          fractionPart = arr[1],
          isNeg = x.s < 0,
          intDigits = isNeg ? intPart.slice(1) : intPart,
          len = intDigits.length;

        if (g2) i = g1, g1 = g2, g2 = i, len -= i;

        if (g1 > 0 && len > 0) {
          i = len % g1 || g1;
          intPart = intDigits.substr(0, i);
          for (; i < len; i += g1) intPart += groupSeparator + intDigits.substr(i, g1);
          if (g2 > 0) intPart += groupSeparator + intDigits.slice(i);
          if (isNeg) intPart = '-' + intPart;
        }

        str = fractionPart
         ? intPart + (format.decimalSeparator || '') + ((g2 = +format.fractionGroupSize)
          ? fractionPart.replace(new RegExp('\\d{' + g2 + '}\\B', 'g'),
           '$&' + (format.fractionGroupSeparator || ''))
          : fractionPart)
         : intPart;
      }

      return (format.prefix || '') + str + (format.suffix || '');
    };


    /*
     * Return an array of two BigNumbers representing the value of this BigNumber as a simple
     * fraction with an integer numerator and an integer denominator.
     * The denominator will be a positive non-zero value less than or equal to the specified
     * maximum denominator. If a maximum denominator is not specified, the denominator will be
     * the lowest value necessary to represent the number exactly.
     *
     * [md] {number|string|BigNumber} Integer >= 1, or Infinity. The maximum denominator.
     *
     * '[BigNumber Error] Argument {not an integer|out of range} : {md}'
     */
    P.toFraction = function (md) {
      var d, d0, d1, d2, e, exp, n, n0, n1, q, r, s,
        x = this,
        xc = x.c;

      if (md != null) {
        n = new BigNumber(md);

        // Throw if md is less than one or is not an integer, unless it is Infinity.
        if (!n.isInteger() && (n.c || n.s !== 1) || n.lt(ONE)) {
          throw Error
            (bignumberError + 'Argument ' +
              (n.isInteger() ? 'out of range: ' : 'not an integer: ') + valueOf(n));
        }
      }

      if (!xc) return new BigNumber(x);

      d = new BigNumber(ONE);
      n1 = d0 = new BigNumber(ONE);
      d1 = n0 = new BigNumber(ONE);
      s = coeffToString(xc);

      // Determine initial denominator.
      // d is a power of 10 and the minimum max denominator that specifies the value exactly.
      e = d.e = s.length - x.e - 1;
      d.c[0] = POWS_TEN[(exp = e % LOG_BASE) < 0 ? LOG_BASE + exp : exp];
      md = !md || n.comparedTo(d) > 0 ? (e > 0 ? d : n1) : n;

      exp = MAX_EXP;
      MAX_EXP = 1 / 0;
      n = new BigNumber(s);

      // n0 = d1 = 0
      n0.c[0] = 0;

      for (; ;)  {
        q = div(n, d, 0, 1);
        d2 = d0.plus(q.times(d1));
        if (d2.comparedTo(md) == 1) break;
        d0 = d1;
        d1 = d2;
        n1 = n0.plus(q.times(d2 = n1));
        n0 = d2;
        d = n.minus(q.times(d2 = d));
        n = d2;
      }

      d2 = div(md.minus(d0), d1, 0, 1);
      n0 = n0.plus(d2.times(n1));
      d0 = d0.plus(d2.times(d1));
      n0.s = n1.s = x.s;
      e = e * 2;

      // Determine which fraction is closer to x, n0/d0 or n1/d1
      r = div(n1, d1, e, ROUNDING_MODE).minus(x).abs().comparedTo(
          div(n0, d0, e, ROUNDING_MODE).minus(x).abs()) < 1 ? [n1, d1] : [n0, d0];

      MAX_EXP = exp;

      return r;
    };


    /*
     * Return the value of this BigNumber converted to a number primitive.
     */
    P.toNumber = function () {
      return +valueOf(this);
    };


    /*
     * Return a string representing the value of this BigNumber rounded to sd significant digits
     * using rounding mode rm or ROUNDING_MODE. If sd is less than the number of digits
     * necessary to represent the integer part of the value in fixed-point notation, then use
     * exponential notation.
     *
     * [sd] {number} Significant digits. Integer, 1 to MAX inclusive.
     * [rm] {number} Rounding mode. Integer, 0 to 8 inclusive.
     *
     * '[BigNumber Error] Argument {not a primitive number|not an integer|out of range}: {sd|rm}'
     */
    P.toPrecision = function (sd, rm) {
      if (sd != null) intCheck(sd, 1, MAX);
      return format(this, sd, rm, 2);
    };


    /*
     * Return a string representing the value of this BigNumber in base b, or base 10 if b is
     * omitted. If a base is specified, including base 10, round according to DECIMAL_PLACES and
     * ROUNDING_MODE. If a base is not specified, and this BigNumber has a positive exponent
     * that is equal to or greater than TO_EXP_POS, or a negative exponent equal to or less than
     * TO_EXP_NEG, return exponential notation.
     *
     * [b] {number} Integer, 2 to ALPHABET.length inclusive.
     *
     * '[BigNumber Error] Base {not a primitive number|not an integer|out of range}: {b}'
     */
    P.toString = function (b) {
      var str,
        n = this,
        s = n.s,
        e = n.e;

      // Infinity or NaN?
      if (e === null) {
        if (s) {
          str = 'Infinity';
          if (s < 0) str = '-' + str;
        } else {
          str = 'NaN';
        }
      } else {
        if (b == null) {
          str = e <= TO_EXP_NEG || e >= TO_EXP_POS
           ? toExponential(coeffToString(n.c), e)
           : toFixedPoint(coeffToString(n.c), e, '0');
        } else if (b === 10) {
          n = round(new BigNumber(n), DECIMAL_PLACES + e + 1, ROUNDING_MODE);
          str = toFixedPoint(coeffToString(n.c), n.e, '0');
        } else {
          intCheck(b, 2, ALPHABET.length, 'Base');
          str = convertBase(toFixedPoint(coeffToString(n.c), e, '0'), 10, b, s, true);
        }

        if (s < 0 && n.c[0]) str = '-' + str;
      }

      return str;
    };


    /*
     * Return as toString, but do not accept a base argument, and include the minus sign for
     * negative zero.
     */
    P.valueOf = P.toJSON = function () {
      return valueOf(this);
    };


    P._isBigNumber = true;

    if (hasSymbol) {
      P[Symbol.toStringTag] = 'BigNumber';

      // Node.js v10.12.0+
      P[Symbol.for('nodejs.util.inspect.custom')] = P.valueOf;
    }

    if (configObject != null) BigNumber.set(configObject);

    return BigNumber;
  }


  // PRIVATE HELPER FUNCTIONS

  // These functions don't need access to variables,
  // e.g. DECIMAL_PLACES, in the scope of the `clone` function above.


  function bitFloor(n) {
    var i = n | 0;
    return n > 0 || n === i ? i : i - 1;
  }


  // Return a coefficient array as a string of base 10 digits.
  function coeffToString(a) {
    var s, z,
      i = 1,
      j = a.length,
      r = a[0] + '';

    for (; i < j;) {
      s = a[i++] + '';
      z = LOG_BASE - s.length;
      for (; z--; s = '0' + s);
      r += s;
    }

    // Determine trailing zeros.
    for (j = r.length; r.charCodeAt(--j) === 48;);

    return r.slice(0, j + 1 || 1);
  }


  // Compare the value of BigNumbers x and y.
  function compare(x, y) {
    var a, b,
      xc = x.c,
      yc = y.c,
      i = x.s,
      j = y.s,
      k = x.e,
      l = y.e;

    // Either NaN?
    if (!i || !j) return null;

    a = xc && !xc[0];
    b = yc && !yc[0];

    // Either zero?
    if (a || b) return a ? b ? 0 : -j : i;

    // Signs differ?
    if (i != j) return i;

    a = i < 0;
    b = k == l;

    // Either Infinity?
    if (!xc || !yc) return b ? 0 : !xc ^ a ? 1 : -1;

    // Compare exponents.
    if (!b) return k > l ^ a ? 1 : -1;

    j = (k = xc.length) < (l = yc.length) ? k : l;

    // Compare digit by digit.
    for (i = 0; i < j; i++) if (xc[i] != yc[i]) return xc[i] > yc[i] ^ a ? 1 : -1;

    // Compare lengths.
    return k == l ? 0 : k > l ^ a ? 1 : -1;
  }


  /*
   * Check that n is a primitive number, an integer, and in range, otherwise throw.
   */
  function intCheck(n, min, max, name) {
    if (n < min || n > max || n !== mathfloor(n)) {
      throw Error
       (bignumberError + (name || 'Argument') + (typeof n == 'number'
         ? n < min || n > max ? ' out of range: ' : ' not an integer: '
         : ' not a primitive number: ') + String(n));
    }
  }


  // Assumes finite n.
  function isOdd(n) {
    var k = n.c.length - 1;
    return bitFloor(n.e / LOG_BASE) == k && n.c[k] % 2 != 0;
  }


  function toExponential(str, e) {
    return (str.length > 1 ? str.charAt(0) + '.' + str.slice(1) : str) +
     (e < 0 ? 'e' : 'e+') + e;
  }


  function toFixedPoint(str, e, z) {
    var len, zs;

    // Negative exponent?
    if (e < 0) {

      // Prepend zeros.
      for (zs = z + '.'; ++e; zs += z);
      str = zs + str;

    // Positive exponent
    } else {
      len = str.length;

      // Append zeros.
      if (++e > len) {
        for (zs = z, e -= len; --e; zs += z);
        str += zs;
      } else if (e < len) {
        str = str.slice(0, e) + '.' + str.slice(e);
      }
    }

    return str;
  }


  // EXPORT


  BigNumber = clone();
  BigNumber['default'] = BigNumber.BigNumber = BigNumber;

  // AMD.
  if (typeof define == 'function' && define.amd) {
    define(function () { return BigNumber; });

  // Node.js and other environments that support module.exports.
  } else if (typeof module != 'undefined' && module.exports) {
    module.exports = BigNumber;

  // Browser.
  } else {
    if (!globalObject) {
      globalObject = typeof self != 'undefined' && self ? self : window;
    }

    globalObject.BigNumber = BigNumber;
  }
})(this);

},{}],35:[function(require,module,exports){
const bel = require('bel')
const csjs = require('csjs-inject')
const validator = require('solidity-validator')
const bigNumber = require('bignumber.js')

module.exports = displayIntegerInput

function displayIntegerInput ({ theme: { classes: css }, type, cb, focus, blur }) {
  const splitType = type.split('[')[0] // split to get basic type (bool, uint8)
  const min = validator.getRange(splitType).MIN
  const max = validator.getRange(splitType).MAX
  const title = `Valid values for type ${splitType} are from ${min} to ${max}`
  const num = bel`<input data-type=${splitType} type="number" class=${css.integerValue} value="0" onclick="${(e)=>e.target.select()}" onchange=${(e)=>validate(e)} onfocus=${(e)=>focus(e)} onblur=${(e)=>blur(e)} oninput=${(e)=>sliderUpdate(e, splitType)} onkeydown=${(e)=>keysUpdating(e, splitType)}>`
  const slider = bel`<input data-type=${splitType} class=${css.integerSlider} type="range" title=${title} min=${min} max=${max} value="0" step=1 onchange=${(e)=>validate(e)} onblur=${(e)=>blur(e)} onfocus=${(e)=>focus(e)} oninput=${(e)=>numUpdate(e, splitType)}>`
  return bel`<div class=${css.integerField}>
    ${slider}
    ${num}
  </div>`
  function numUpdate (e, splitType) {
    num.value = num.title = bigNumber(e.target.value).toFixed(0)
    validate(e, splitType)
  }
  function validate (e) {
    const value = e.target.value
    cb(validator.getMessage(splitType, value), e.target, value)
  }
  function keysUpdating (e, splitType) {
    const key = e.which
    const val = parseInt(e.target.value)
    if (key === 38 && val != slider.max) {
      slider.value = num.value = val + 1
    }
    else if (key === 40 && val != slider.min) {
      slider.value = num.value = val - 1
    }
    validate(e)
  }
  function sliderUpdate (e, splitType) {
    if (e.target.value === '') {
      slider.value = num.value = 0
    } else {
      slider.value = e.target.value
    }
    validate(e, splitType)
  }
}

},{"bel":3,"bignumber.js":34,"csjs-inject":9,"solidity-validator":44}],36:[function(require,module,exports){
const bel = require('bel')
const csjs = require('csjs-inject')
const validator = require('solidity-validator')

module.exports = displayStringInput

function displayStringInput ({ theme: { classes: css }, cb, focus, blur }) {
  const input = bel`<div class=${css.stringField}>
    <input class=${css.inputField} data-type="string" onclick="${(e)=>e.target.select()}" onblur=${(e)=>blur(e)} onfocus=${(e)=>focus(e)} oninput=${validate} placeholder='abc'>
  </div>`
  return input
  function validate (e) {
    const value = e.target.value
    cb(validator.getMessage('string', value), e.target, value)
  }
}

},{"bel":3,"csjs-inject":9,"solidity-validator":44}],37:[function(require,module,exports){
var inserted = {};

module.exports = function (css, options) {
    if (inserted[css]) return;
    inserted[css] = true;
    
    var elem = document.createElement('style');
    elem.setAttribute('type', 'text/css');

    if ('textContent' in elem) {
      elem.textContent = css;
    } else {
      elem.styleSheet.cssText = css;
    }
    
    var head = document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0];
    if (options && options.prepend) {
        head.insertBefore(elem, head.childNodes[0]);
    } else {
        head.appendChild(elem);
    }
};

},{}],38:[function(require,module,exports){
/**
 * Returns a `Boolean` on whether or not the a `String` starts with '0x'
 * @param {String} str the string input value
 * @return {Boolean} a boolean if it is or is not hex prefixed
 * @throws if the str input is not a string
 */
module.exports = function isHexPrefixed(str) {
  if (typeof str !== 'string') {
    throw new Error("[is-hex-prefixed] value must be type 'string', is currently type " + (typeof str) + ", while checking isHexPrefixed.");
  }

  return str.slice(0, 2) === '0x';
}

},{}],39:[function(require,module,exports){
arguments[4][28][0].apply(exports,arguments)
},{"dup":28}],40:[function(require,module,exports){
var BN = require('bn.js');
var stripHexPrefix = require('strip-hex-prefix');

/**
 * Returns a BN object, converts a number value to a BN
 * @param {String|Number|Object} `arg` input a string number, hex string number, number, BigNumber or BN object
 * @return {Object} `output` BN object of the number
 * @throws if the argument is not an array, object that isn't a bignumber, not a string number or number
 */
module.exports = function numberToBN(arg) {
  if (typeof arg === 'string' || typeof arg === 'number') {
    var multiplier = new BN(1); // eslint-disable-line
    var formattedString = String(arg).toLowerCase().trim();
    var isHexPrefixed = formattedString.substr(0, 2) === '0x' || formattedString.substr(0, 3) === '-0x';
    var stringArg = stripHexPrefix(formattedString); // eslint-disable-line
    if (stringArg.substr(0, 1) === '-') {
      stringArg = stripHexPrefix(stringArg.slice(1));
      multiplier = new BN(-1, 10);
    }
    stringArg = stringArg === '' ? '0' : stringArg;

    if ((!stringArg.match(/^-?[0-9]+$/) && stringArg.match(/^[0-9A-Fa-f]+$/))
      || stringArg.match(/^[a-fA-F]+$/)
      || (isHexPrefixed === true && stringArg.match(/^[0-9A-Fa-f]+$/))) {
      return new BN(stringArg, 16).mul(multiplier);
    }

    if ((stringArg.match(/^-?[0-9]+$/) || stringArg === '') && isHexPrefixed === false) {
      return new BN(stringArg, 10).mul(multiplier);
    }
  } else if (typeof arg === 'object' && arg.toString && (!arg.pop && !arg.push)) {
    if (arg.toString(10).match(/^-?[0-9]+$/) && (arg.mul || arg.dividedToIntegerBy)) {
      return new BN(arg.toString(10), 10);
    }
  }

  throw new Error('[number-to-bn] while converting number ' + JSON.stringify(arg) + ' to BN.js instance, error: invalid number value. Value must be an integer, hex string, BN or BigNumber instance. Note, decimals are not supported.');
}

},{"bn.js":39,"strip-hex-prefix":55}],41:[function(require,module,exports){
module.exports = window.crypto;
},{}],42:[function(require,module,exports){
module.exports = require('crypto');
},{"crypto":41}],43:[function(require,module,exports){
var randomHex = function(size, callback) {
    var crypto = require('./crypto.js');
    var isCallback = (typeof callback === 'function');

    
    if (size > 65536) {
        if(isCallback) {
            callback(new Error('Requested too many random bytes.'));
        } else {
            throw new Error('Requested too many random bytes.');
        }
    };


    // is node
    if (typeof crypto !== 'undefined' && crypto.randomBytes) {

        if(isCallback) {
            crypto.randomBytes(size, function(err, result){
                if(!err) {
                    callback(null, '0x'+ result.toString('hex'));
                } else {
                    callback(error);
                }
            })
        } else {
            return '0x'+ crypto.randomBytes(size).toString('hex');
        }

    // is browser
    } else {
        var cryptoLib;

        if (typeof crypto !== 'undefined') {
            cryptoLib = crypto;
        } else if(typeof msCrypto !== 'undefined') {
            cryptoLib = msCrypto;
        }

        if (cryptoLib && cryptoLib.getRandomValues) {
            var randomBytes = cryptoLib.getRandomValues(new Uint8Array(size));
            var returnValue = '0x'+ Array.from(randomBytes).map(function(arr){ return arr.toString(16); }).join('');

            if(isCallback) {
                callback(null, returnValue);
            } else {
                return returnValue;
            }

        // not crypto object
        } else {
            var error = new Error('No "crypto" object available. This Browser doesn\'t support generating secure random bytes.');

            if(isCallback) {
                callback(error);
            } else {
               throw error;
            }
        }
    }
};


module.exports = randomHex;

},{"./crypto.js":42}],44:[function(require,module,exports){
const getMessage = require('./lib/getMessage')
const getRange = require('./lib/getRange')
const isAddress = require('./lib/isAddress')
const isBoolean = require('./lib/isBoolean')
const isInt = require('./lib/isInt')
const isUint = require('./lib/isUint')
const isValid = require('./lib/isValid')
const isBytes = require('./lib/isBytes')
const isByteArray = require('./lib/isByteArray')

const version = '0.1.2'
let validator = {
  version,
  isAddress,
  isBoolean,
  isInt8: str => isInt(str, 8),
  isUint8: str => isUint(str, 8),
  isValid,
  getRange,
  getMessage,
  isBytes: isByteArray,
  isByte: str => isBytes(str,1),
}

for (let i = 1; i <= 32; i++) {
  validator[`isBytes${i}`] = str => isBytes(str, i)
}

module.exports = validator

},{"./lib/getMessage":45,"./lib/getRange":46,"./lib/isAddress":47,"./lib/isBoolean":48,"./lib/isByteArray":49,"./lib/isBytes":50,"./lib/isInt":51,"./lib/isUint":52,"./lib/isValid":53}],45:[function(require,module,exports){
const assertString = require('./util/assertString')
const isValid = require('./isValid')

module.exports = getMessage

function getMessage(type, str) {
  assertString(str)
  if (isValid(type, str)) return ''
  if (type.search(/\buint/) != -1) return 'The value is an illegal range.'
  if (type.search(/\bint/) != -1) return 'The value is an illegal range.'
  if (type.search(/\bbool/) != -1) return 'The value is not a boolean.'
  if (type.search(/\baddress/) != -1) return 'The value is not a valid address.'
  if (type.search(/\bbytes/) != -1) return 'The value is not a valid bytes.'
  if (type.search(/\bbyte/) != -1) return 'The value is not a valid bytes.'
}

},{"./isValid":53,"./util/assertString":54}],46:[function(require,module,exports){
const bigNumber = require('bignumber.js')
const assertString = require('./util/assertString')

module.exports = getRange

function getRange(type) {
  assertString(type)
  if (type.search(/\buint/) != -1) return getUintRange(type)
  if (type.search(/\bint/) != -1) return getIntRange(type)
  return
}

function getUintRange(type) {
  let exponent = type.replace('uint', '')
  if (exponent == '') exponent = '256'
  exponent = bigNumber(exponent)
  if (exponent.isInteger()) {
    let range = {
      MIN: 0,
      MAX: bigNumber(2)
        .pow(exponent)
        .minus(1)
        .toFixed(),
    }
    return range
  }
}

function getIntRange(type) {
  let exponent = type.replace('int', '')
  if (exponent == '') exponent = '256'
  exponent = bigNumber(exponent)
  if (exponent.isInteger()) {
    let range = {
      MIN: bigNumber(2)
        .pow(exponent)
        .div(2)
        .times(-1)
        .toFixed(),
      MAX: bigNumber(2)
        .pow(exponent)
        .div(2)
        .minus(1)
        .toFixed(),
    }
    return range
  }
}

},{"./util/assertString":54,"bignumber.js":4}],47:[function(require,module,exports){
const assertString = require('./util/assertString')
var Web3Utils = require('web3-utils')

module.exports = isAddress

function isAddress(str) {
  assertString(str)
  return Web3Utils.isAddress(str)
}

},{"./util/assertString":54,"web3-utils":58}],48:[function(require,module,exports){
const assertString = require('./util/assertString')

module.exports = isBoolean

function isBoolean(str) {
  assertString(str)
  return ['true', 'false'].indexOf(str) >= 0
}

},{"./util/assertString":54}],49:[function(require,module,exports){
const assertString = require('./util/assertString')

module.exports = isByteArray

const hexRegularPattern = new RegExp(/^0x[0-9a-fA-F]+/)

function isByteArray(str) {
  assertString(str)
  const byteSize = (str.length - 2) / 2
  return byteSize >= 1 && byteSize <= 32 && hexRegularPattern.test(str)
}
},{"./util/assertString":54}],50:[function(require,module,exports){
// byte is an alias for bytes1
const assertString = require('./util/assertString')

module.exports = isBytes

const hexRegularPattern = new RegExp(/^0x[0-9a-fA-F]+/)

function isBytes(str, exponent) {
  assertString(str)
  const byteSize = (str.length - 2) / 2
  return byteSize <= exponent && hexRegularPattern.test(str)
}

},{"./util/assertString":54}],51:[function(require,module,exports){
// 帶符號整型
const BigNumber = require('bignumber.js')
const assertString = require('./util/assertString')

module.exports = isInt

function isInt(str, exponent) {
  assertString(str)
  let num = new BigNumber(str)
  return (
    num.isInteger() &&
    num.gte(-(Math.pow(2, exponent) / 2)) &&
    num.lte(Math.pow(2, exponent) / 2 - 1)
  )
}

},{"./util/assertString":54,"bignumber.js":4}],52:[function(require,module,exports){
// 不帶符號整型
const bigNumber = require('bignumber.js')
const assertString = require('./util/assertString')

module.exports = isUint

function isUint(str, exponent) {
  assertString(str)
  let num = bigNumber(str)
  return num.isInteger() && num.gte(0) && num.lte(Math.pow(2, exponent) - 1)
}

},{"./util/assertString":54,"bignumber.js":4}],53:[function(require,module,exports){
const assertString = require('./util/assertString')
const isAddress = require('./isAddress')
const isBoolean = require('./isBoolean')
const isInt = require('./isInt')
const isUint = require('./isUint')
const isBytes = require('./isBytes')

module.exports = isValid

function isValid(type, value) {
  assertString(type)
  assertString(value)
  if (type.search(/\buint/) != -1) return isUint(value, type.substring(4))
  if (type.search(/\bint/) != -1) return isInt(value, type.substring(3))
  if (type.search(/\bbool/) != -1) return isBoolean(value)
  if (type.search(/\baddress/) != -1) return isAddress(value)
  if (type.search(/\bbytes/) != -1) {
    let len = 5
    let exponent = type.length == len ? 32 : parseInt(type.substring(len))
    return isBytes(value, exponent)
  }
  if (type.search(/\bbyte/) != -1) {
    let len = 4
    let exponent = type.length == len ? 1 : parseInt(type.substring(len))
    return isBytes(value, exponent)
  }
  return true
}

},{"./isAddress":47,"./isBoolean":48,"./isBytes":50,"./isInt":51,"./isUint":52,"./util/assertString":54}],54:[function(require,module,exports){
module.exports = assertString

function assertString(input) {
  const isString = typeof input === 'string' || input instanceof String

  if (!isString) {
    let invalidType
    if (input === null) {
      invalidType = 'null'
    } else {
      invalidType = typeof input
      if (
        invalidType === 'object' &&
        input.constructor &&
        input.constructor.hasOwnProperty('name')
      ) {
        invalidType = input.constructor.name
      } else {
        invalidType = `a ${invalidType}`
      }
    }
    throw new TypeError(`Expected string but received ${invalidType}.`)
  }
}

},{}],55:[function(require,module,exports){
var isHexPrefixed = require('is-hex-prefixed');

/**
 * Removes '0x' from a given `String` is present
 * @param {String} str the string value
 * @return {String|Optional} a string by pass if necessary
 */
module.exports = function stripHexPrefix(str) {
  if (typeof str !== 'string') {
    return str;
  }

  return isHexPrefixed(str) ? str.slice(2) : str;
}

},{"is-hex-prefixed":38}],56:[function(require,module,exports){
(function (global){
//     Underscore.js 1.9.1
//     http://underscorejs.org
//     (c) 2009-2018 Jeremy Ashkenas, DocumentCloud and Investigative Reporters & Editors
//     Underscore may be freely distributed under the MIT license.

(function() {

  // Baseline setup
  // --------------

  // Establish the root object, `window` (`self`) in the browser, `global`
  // on the server, or `this` in some virtual machines. We use `self`
  // instead of `window` for `WebWorker` support.
  var root = typeof self == 'object' && self.self === self && self ||
            typeof global == 'object' && global.global === global && global ||
            this ||
            {};

  // Save the previous value of the `_` variable.
  var previousUnderscore = root._;

  // Save bytes in the minified (but not gzipped) version:
  var ArrayProto = Array.prototype, ObjProto = Object.prototype;
  var SymbolProto = typeof Symbol !== 'undefined' ? Symbol.prototype : null;

  // Create quick reference variables for speed access to core prototypes.
  var push = ArrayProto.push,
      slice = ArrayProto.slice,
      toString = ObjProto.toString,
      hasOwnProperty = ObjProto.hasOwnProperty;

  // All **ECMAScript 5** native function implementations that we hope to use
  // are declared here.
  var nativeIsArray = Array.isArray,
      nativeKeys = Object.keys,
      nativeCreate = Object.create;

  // Naked function reference for surrogate-prototype-swapping.
  var Ctor = function(){};

  // Create a safe reference to the Underscore object for use below.
  var _ = function(obj) {
    if (obj instanceof _) return obj;
    if (!(this instanceof _)) return new _(obj);
    this._wrapped = obj;
  };

  // Export the Underscore object for **Node.js**, with
  // backwards-compatibility for their old module API. If we're in
  // the browser, add `_` as a global object.
  // (`nodeType` is checked to ensure that `module`
  // and `exports` are not HTML elements.)
  if (typeof exports != 'undefined' && !exports.nodeType) {
    if (typeof module != 'undefined' && !module.nodeType && module.exports) {
      exports = module.exports = _;
    }
    exports._ = _;
  } else {
    root._ = _;
  }

  // Current version.
  _.VERSION = '1.9.1';

  // Internal function that returns an efficient (for current engines) version
  // of the passed-in callback, to be repeatedly applied in other Underscore
  // functions.
  var optimizeCb = function(func, context, argCount) {
    if (context === void 0) return func;
    switch (argCount == null ? 3 : argCount) {
      case 1: return function(value) {
        return func.call(context, value);
      };
      // The 2-argument case is omitted because we’re not using it.
      case 3: return function(value, index, collection) {
        return func.call(context, value, index, collection);
      };
      case 4: return function(accumulator, value, index, collection) {
        return func.call(context, accumulator, value, index, collection);
      };
    }
    return function() {
      return func.apply(context, arguments);
    };
  };

  var builtinIteratee;

  // An internal function to generate callbacks that can be applied to each
  // element in a collection, returning the desired result — either `identity`,
  // an arbitrary callback, a property matcher, or a property accessor.
  var cb = function(value, context, argCount) {
    if (_.iteratee !== builtinIteratee) return _.iteratee(value, context);
    if (value == null) return _.identity;
    if (_.isFunction(value)) return optimizeCb(value, context, argCount);
    if (_.isObject(value) && !_.isArray(value)) return _.matcher(value);
    return _.property(value);
  };

  // External wrapper for our callback generator. Users may customize
  // `_.iteratee` if they want additional predicate/iteratee shorthand styles.
  // This abstraction hides the internal-only argCount argument.
  _.iteratee = builtinIteratee = function(value, context) {
    return cb(value, context, Infinity);
  };

  // Some functions take a variable number of arguments, or a few expected
  // arguments at the beginning and then a variable number of values to operate
  // on. This helper accumulates all remaining arguments past the function’s
  // argument length (or an explicit `startIndex`), into an array that becomes
  // the last argument. Similar to ES6’s "rest parameter".
  var restArguments = function(func, startIndex) {
    startIndex = startIndex == null ? func.length - 1 : +startIndex;
    return function() {
      var length = Math.max(arguments.length - startIndex, 0),
          rest = Array(length),
          index = 0;
      for (; index < length; index++) {
        rest[index] = arguments[index + startIndex];
      }
      switch (startIndex) {
        case 0: return func.call(this, rest);
        case 1: return func.call(this, arguments[0], rest);
        case 2: return func.call(this, arguments[0], arguments[1], rest);
      }
      var args = Array(startIndex + 1);
      for (index = 0; index < startIndex; index++) {
        args[index] = arguments[index];
      }
      args[startIndex] = rest;
      return func.apply(this, args);
    };
  };

  // An internal function for creating a new object that inherits from another.
  var baseCreate = function(prototype) {
    if (!_.isObject(prototype)) return {};
    if (nativeCreate) return nativeCreate(prototype);
    Ctor.prototype = prototype;
    var result = new Ctor;
    Ctor.prototype = null;
    return result;
  };

  var shallowProperty = function(key) {
    return function(obj) {
      return obj == null ? void 0 : obj[key];
    };
  };

  var has = function(obj, path) {
    return obj != null && hasOwnProperty.call(obj, path);
  }

  var deepGet = function(obj, path) {
    var length = path.length;
    for (var i = 0; i < length; i++) {
      if (obj == null) return void 0;
      obj = obj[path[i]];
    }
    return length ? obj : void 0;
  };

  // Helper for collection methods to determine whether a collection
  // should be iterated as an array or as an object.
  // Related: http://people.mozilla.org/~jorendorff/es6-draft.html#sec-tolength
  // Avoids a very nasty iOS 8 JIT bug on ARM-64. #2094
  var MAX_ARRAY_INDEX = Math.pow(2, 53) - 1;
  var getLength = shallowProperty('length');
  var isArrayLike = function(collection) {
    var length = getLength(collection);
    return typeof length == 'number' && length >= 0 && length <= MAX_ARRAY_INDEX;
  };

  // Collection Functions
  // --------------------

  // The cornerstone, an `each` implementation, aka `forEach`.
  // Handles raw objects in addition to array-likes. Treats all
  // sparse array-likes as if they were dense.
  _.each = _.forEach = function(obj, iteratee, context) {
    iteratee = optimizeCb(iteratee, context);
    var i, length;
    if (isArrayLike(obj)) {
      for (i = 0, length = obj.length; i < length; i++) {
        iteratee(obj[i], i, obj);
      }
    } else {
      var keys = _.keys(obj);
      for (i = 0, length = keys.length; i < length; i++) {
        iteratee(obj[keys[i]], keys[i], obj);
      }
    }
    return obj;
  };

  // Return the results of applying the iteratee to each element.
  _.map = _.collect = function(obj, iteratee, context) {
    iteratee = cb(iteratee, context);
    var keys = !isArrayLike(obj) && _.keys(obj),
        length = (keys || obj).length,
        results = Array(length);
    for (var index = 0; index < length; index++) {
      var currentKey = keys ? keys[index] : index;
      results[index] = iteratee(obj[currentKey], currentKey, obj);
    }
    return results;
  };

  // Create a reducing function iterating left or right.
  var createReduce = function(dir) {
    // Wrap code that reassigns argument variables in a separate function than
    // the one that accesses `arguments.length` to avoid a perf hit. (#1991)
    var reducer = function(obj, iteratee, memo, initial) {
      var keys = !isArrayLike(obj) && _.keys(obj),
          length = (keys || obj).length,
          index = dir > 0 ? 0 : length - 1;
      if (!initial) {
        memo = obj[keys ? keys[index] : index];
        index += dir;
      }
      for (; index >= 0 && index < length; index += dir) {
        var currentKey = keys ? keys[index] : index;
        memo = iteratee(memo, obj[currentKey], currentKey, obj);
      }
      return memo;
    };

    return function(obj, iteratee, memo, context) {
      var initial = arguments.length >= 3;
      return reducer(obj, optimizeCb(iteratee, context, 4), memo, initial);
    };
  };

  // **Reduce** builds up a single result from a list of values, aka `inject`,
  // or `foldl`.
  _.reduce = _.foldl = _.inject = createReduce(1);

  // The right-associative version of reduce, also known as `foldr`.
  _.reduceRight = _.foldr = createReduce(-1);

  // Return the first value which passes a truth test. Aliased as `detect`.
  _.find = _.detect = function(obj, predicate, context) {
    var keyFinder = isArrayLike(obj) ? _.findIndex : _.findKey;
    var key = keyFinder(obj, predicate, context);
    if (key !== void 0 && key !== -1) return obj[key];
  };

  // Return all the elements that pass a truth test.
  // Aliased as `select`.
  _.filter = _.select = function(obj, predicate, context) {
    var results = [];
    predicate = cb(predicate, context);
    _.each(obj, function(value, index, list) {
      if (predicate(value, index, list)) results.push(value);
    });
    return results;
  };

  // Return all the elements for which a truth test fails.
  _.reject = function(obj, predicate, context) {
    return _.filter(obj, _.negate(cb(predicate)), context);
  };

  // Determine whether all of the elements match a truth test.
  // Aliased as `all`.
  _.every = _.all = function(obj, predicate, context) {
    predicate = cb(predicate, context);
    var keys = !isArrayLike(obj) && _.keys(obj),
        length = (keys || obj).length;
    for (var index = 0; index < length; index++) {
      var currentKey = keys ? keys[index] : index;
      if (!predicate(obj[currentKey], currentKey, obj)) return false;
    }
    return true;
  };

  // Determine if at least one element in the object matches a truth test.
  // Aliased as `any`.
  _.some = _.any = function(obj, predicate, context) {
    predicate = cb(predicate, context);
    var keys = !isArrayLike(obj) && _.keys(obj),
        length = (keys || obj).length;
    for (var index = 0; index < length; index++) {
      var currentKey = keys ? keys[index] : index;
      if (predicate(obj[currentKey], currentKey, obj)) return true;
    }
    return false;
  };

  // Determine if the array or object contains a given item (using `===`).
  // Aliased as `includes` and `include`.
  _.contains = _.includes = _.include = function(obj, item, fromIndex, guard) {
    if (!isArrayLike(obj)) obj = _.values(obj);
    if (typeof fromIndex != 'number' || guard) fromIndex = 0;
    return _.indexOf(obj, item, fromIndex) >= 0;
  };

  // Invoke a method (with arguments) on every item in a collection.
  _.invoke = restArguments(function(obj, path, args) {
    var contextPath, func;
    if (_.isFunction(path)) {
      func = path;
    } else if (_.isArray(path)) {
      contextPath = path.slice(0, -1);
      path = path[path.length - 1];
    }
    return _.map(obj, function(context) {
      var method = func;
      if (!method) {
        if (contextPath && contextPath.length) {
          context = deepGet(context, contextPath);
        }
        if (context == null) return void 0;
        method = context[path];
      }
      return method == null ? method : method.apply(context, args);
    });
  });

  // Convenience version of a common use case of `map`: fetching a property.
  _.pluck = function(obj, key) {
    return _.map(obj, _.property(key));
  };

  // Convenience version of a common use case of `filter`: selecting only objects
  // containing specific `key:value` pairs.
  _.where = function(obj, attrs) {
    return _.filter(obj, _.matcher(attrs));
  };

  // Convenience version of a common use case of `find`: getting the first object
  // containing specific `key:value` pairs.
  _.findWhere = function(obj, attrs) {
    return _.find(obj, _.matcher(attrs));
  };

  // Return the maximum element (or element-based computation).
  _.max = function(obj, iteratee, context) {
    var result = -Infinity, lastComputed = -Infinity,
        value, computed;
    if (iteratee == null || typeof iteratee == 'number' && typeof obj[0] != 'object' && obj != null) {
      obj = isArrayLike(obj) ? obj : _.values(obj);
      for (var i = 0, length = obj.length; i < length; i++) {
        value = obj[i];
        if (value != null && value > result) {
          result = value;
        }
      }
    } else {
      iteratee = cb(iteratee, context);
      _.each(obj, function(v, index, list) {
        computed = iteratee(v, index, list);
        if (computed > lastComputed || computed === -Infinity && result === -Infinity) {
          result = v;
          lastComputed = computed;
        }
      });
    }
    return result;
  };

  // Return the minimum element (or element-based computation).
  _.min = function(obj, iteratee, context) {
    var result = Infinity, lastComputed = Infinity,
        value, computed;
    if (iteratee == null || typeof iteratee == 'number' && typeof obj[0] != 'object' && obj != null) {
      obj = isArrayLike(obj) ? obj : _.values(obj);
      for (var i = 0, length = obj.length; i < length; i++) {
        value = obj[i];
        if (value != null && value < result) {
          result = value;
        }
      }
    } else {
      iteratee = cb(iteratee, context);
      _.each(obj, function(v, index, list) {
        computed = iteratee(v, index, list);
        if (computed < lastComputed || computed === Infinity && result === Infinity) {
          result = v;
          lastComputed = computed;
        }
      });
    }
    return result;
  };

  // Shuffle a collection.
  _.shuffle = function(obj) {
    return _.sample(obj, Infinity);
  };

  // Sample **n** random values from a collection using the modern version of the
  // [Fisher-Yates shuffle](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fisher–Yates_shuffle).
  // If **n** is not specified, returns a single random element.
  // The internal `guard` argument allows it to work with `map`.
  _.sample = function(obj, n, guard) {
    if (n == null || guard) {
      if (!isArrayLike(obj)) obj = _.values(obj);
      return obj[_.random(obj.length - 1)];
    }
    var sample = isArrayLike(obj) ? _.clone(obj) : _.values(obj);
    var length = getLength(sample);
    n = Math.max(Math.min(n, length), 0);
    var last = length - 1;
    for (var index = 0; index < n; index++) {
      var rand = _.random(index, last);
      var temp = sample[index];
      sample[index] = sample[rand];
      sample[rand] = temp;
    }
    return sample.slice(0, n);
  };

  // Sort the object's values by a criterion produced by an iteratee.
  _.sortBy = function(obj, iteratee, context) {
    var index = 0;
    iteratee = cb(iteratee, context);
    return _.pluck(_.map(obj, function(value, key, list) {
      return {
        value: value,
        index: index++,
        criteria: iteratee(value, key, list)
      };
    }).sort(function(left, right) {
      var a = left.criteria;
      var b = right.criteria;
      if (a !== b) {
        if (a > b || a === void 0) return 1;
        if (a < b || b === void 0) return -1;
      }
      return left.index - right.index;
    }), 'value');
  };

  // An internal function used for aggregate "group by" operations.
  var group = function(behavior, partition) {
    return function(obj, iteratee, context) {
      var result = partition ? [[], []] : {};
      iteratee = cb(iteratee, context);
      _.each(obj, function(value, index) {
        var key = iteratee(value, index, obj);
        behavior(result, value, key);
      });
      return result;
    };
  };

  // Groups the object's values by a criterion. Pass either a string attribute
  // to group by, or a function that returns the criterion.
  _.groupBy = group(function(result, value, key) {
    if (has(result, key)) result[key].push(value); else result[key] = [value];
  });

  // Indexes the object's values by a criterion, similar to `groupBy`, but for
  // when you know that your index values will be unique.
  _.indexBy = group(function(result, value, key) {
    result[key] = value;
  });

  // Counts instances of an object that group by a certain criterion. Pass
  // either a string attribute to count by, or a function that returns the
  // criterion.
  _.countBy = group(function(result, value, key) {
    if (has(result, key)) result[key]++; else result[key] = 1;
  });

  var reStrSymbol = /[^\ud800-\udfff]|[\ud800-\udbff][\udc00-\udfff]|[\ud800-\udfff]/g;
  // Safely create a real, live array from anything iterable.
  _.toArray = function(obj) {
    if (!obj) return [];
    if (_.isArray(obj)) return slice.call(obj);
    if (_.isString(obj)) {
      // Keep surrogate pair characters together
      return obj.match(reStrSymbol);
    }
    if (isArrayLike(obj)) return _.map(obj, _.identity);
    return _.values(obj);
  };

  // Return the number of elements in an object.
  _.size = function(obj) {
    if (obj == null) return 0;
    return isArrayLike(obj) ? obj.length : _.keys(obj).length;
  };

  // Split a collection into two arrays: one whose elements all satisfy the given
  // predicate, and one whose elements all do not satisfy the predicate.
  _.partition = group(function(result, value, pass) {
    result[pass ? 0 : 1].push(value);
  }, true);

  // Array Functions
  // ---------------

  // Get the first element of an array. Passing **n** will return the first N
  // values in the array. Aliased as `head` and `take`. The **guard** check
  // allows it to work with `_.map`.
  _.first = _.head = _.take = function(array, n, guard) {
    if (array == null || array.length < 1) return n == null ? void 0 : [];
    if (n == null || guard) return array[0];
    return _.initial(array, array.length - n);
  };

  // Returns everything but the last entry of the array. Especially useful on
  // the arguments object. Passing **n** will return all the values in
  // the array, excluding the last N.
  _.initial = function(array, n, guard) {
    return slice.call(array, 0, Math.max(0, array.length - (n == null || guard ? 1 : n)));
  };

  // Get the last element of an array. Passing **n** will return the last N
  // values in the array.
  _.last = function(array, n, guard) {
    if (array == null || array.length < 1) return n == null ? void 0 : [];
    if (n == null || guard) return array[array.length - 1];
    return _.rest(array, Math.max(0, array.length - n));
  };

  // Returns everything but the first entry of the array. Aliased as `tail` and `drop`.
  // Especially useful on the arguments object. Passing an **n** will return
  // the rest N values in the array.
  _.rest = _.tail = _.drop = function(array, n, guard) {
    return slice.call(array, n == null || guard ? 1 : n);
  };

  // Trim out all falsy values from an array.
  _.compact = function(array) {
    return _.filter(array, Boolean);
  };

  // Internal implementation of a recursive `flatten` function.
  var flatten = function(input, shallow, strict, output) {
    output = output || [];
    var idx = output.length;
    for (var i = 0, length = getLength(input); i < length; i++) {
      var value = input[i];
      if (isArrayLike(value) && (_.isArray(value) || _.isArguments(value))) {
        // Flatten current level of array or arguments object.
        if (shallow) {
          var j = 0, len = value.length;
          while (j < len) output[idx++] = value[j++];
        } else {
          flatten(value, shallow, strict, output);
          idx = output.length;
        }
      } else if (!strict) {
        output[idx++] = value;
      }
    }
    return output;
  };

  // Flatten out an array, either recursively (by default), or just one level.
  _.flatten = function(array, shallow) {
    return flatten(array, shallow, false);
  };

  // Return a version of the array that does not contain the specified value(s).
  _.without = restArguments(function(array, otherArrays) {
    return _.difference(array, otherArrays);
  });

  // Produce a duplicate-free version of the array. If the array has already
  // been sorted, you have the option of using a faster algorithm.
  // The faster algorithm will not work with an iteratee if the iteratee
  // is not a one-to-one function, so providing an iteratee will disable
  // the faster algorithm.
  // Aliased as `unique`.
  _.uniq = _.unique = function(array, isSorted, iteratee, context) {
    if (!_.isBoolean(isSorted)) {
      context = iteratee;
      iteratee = isSorted;
      isSorted = false;
    }
    if (iteratee != null) iteratee = cb(iteratee, context);
    var result = [];
    var seen = [];
    for (var i = 0, length = getLength(array); i < length; i++) {
      var value = array[i],
          computed = iteratee ? iteratee(value, i, array) : value;
      if (isSorted && !iteratee) {
        if (!i || seen !== computed) result.push(value);
        seen = computed;
      } else if (iteratee) {
        if (!_.contains(seen, computed)) {
          seen.push(computed);
          result.push(value);
        }
      } else if (!_.contains(result, value)) {
        result.push(value);
      }
    }
    return result;
  };

  // Produce an array that contains the union: each distinct element from all of
  // the passed-in arrays.
  _.union = restArguments(function(arrays) {
    return _.uniq(flatten(arrays, true, true));
  });

  // Produce an array that contains every item shared between all the
  // passed-in arrays.
  _.intersection = function(array) {
    var result = [];
    var argsLength = arguments.length;
    for (var i = 0, length = getLength(array); i < length; i++) {
      var item = array[i];
      if (_.contains(result, item)) continue;
      var j;
      for (j = 1; j < argsLength; j++) {
        if (!_.contains(arguments[j], item)) break;
      }
      if (j === argsLength) result.push(item);
    }
    return result;
  };

  // Take the difference between one array and a number of other arrays.
  // Only the elements present in just the first array will remain.
  _.difference = restArguments(function(array, rest) {
    rest = flatten(rest, true, true);
    return _.filter(array, function(value){
      return !_.contains(rest, value);
    });
  });

  // Complement of _.zip. Unzip accepts an array of arrays and groups
  // each array's elements on shared indices.
  _.unzip = function(array) {
    var length = array && _.max(array, getLength).length || 0;
    var result = Array(length);

    for (var index = 0; index < length; index++) {
      result[index] = _.pluck(array, index);
    }
    return result;
  };

  // Zip together multiple lists into a single array -- elements that share
  // an index go together.
  _.zip = restArguments(_.unzip);

  // Converts lists into objects. Pass either a single array of `[key, value]`
  // pairs, or two parallel arrays of the same length -- one of keys, and one of
  // the corresponding values. Passing by pairs is the reverse of _.pairs.
  _.object = function(list, values) {
    var result = {};
    for (var i = 0, length = getLength(list); i < length; i++) {
      if (values) {
        result[list[i]] = values[i];
      } else {
        result[list[i][0]] = list[i][1];
      }
    }
    return result;
  };

  // Generator function to create the findIndex and findLastIndex functions.
  var createPredicateIndexFinder = function(dir) {
    return function(array, predicate, context) {
      predicate = cb(predicate, context);
      var length = getLength(array);
      var index = dir > 0 ? 0 : length - 1;
      for (; index >= 0 && index < length; index += dir) {
        if (predicate(array[index], index, array)) return index;
      }
      return -1;
    };
  };

  // Returns the first index on an array-like that passes a predicate test.
  _.findIndex = createPredicateIndexFinder(1);
  _.findLastIndex = createPredicateIndexFinder(-1);

  // Use a comparator function to figure out the smallest index at which
  // an object should be inserted so as to maintain order. Uses binary search.
  _.sortedIndex = function(array, obj, iteratee, context) {
    iteratee = cb(iteratee, context, 1);
    var value = iteratee(obj);
    var low = 0, high = getLength(array);
    while (low < high) {
      var mid = Math.floor((low + high) / 2);
      if (iteratee(array[mid]) < value) low = mid + 1; else high = mid;
    }
    return low;
  };

  // Generator function to create the indexOf and lastIndexOf functions.
  var createIndexFinder = function(dir, predicateFind, sortedIndex) {
    return function(array, item, idx) {
      var i = 0, length = getLength(array);
      if (typeof idx == 'number') {
        if (dir > 0) {
          i = idx >= 0 ? idx : Math.max(idx + length, i);
        } else {
          length = idx >= 0 ? Math.min(idx + 1, length) : idx + length + 1;
        }
      } else if (sortedIndex && idx && length) {
        idx = sortedIndex(array, item);
        return array[idx] === item ? idx : -1;
      }
      if (item !== item) {
        idx = predicateFind(slice.call(array, i, length), _.isNaN);
        return idx >= 0 ? idx + i : -1;
      }
      for (idx = dir > 0 ? i : length - 1; idx >= 0 && idx < length; idx += dir) {
        if (array[idx] === item) return idx;
      }
      return -1;
    };
  };

  // Return the position of the first occurrence of an item in an array,
  // or -1 if the item is not included in the array.
  // If the array is large and already in sort order, pass `true`
  // for **isSorted** to use binary search.
  _.indexOf = createIndexFinder(1, _.findIndex, _.sortedIndex);
  _.lastIndexOf = createIndexFinder(-1, _.findLastIndex);

  // Generate an integer Array containing an arithmetic progression. A port of
  // the native Python `range()` function. See
  // [the Python documentation](http://docs.python.org/library/functions.html#range).
  _.range = function(start, stop, step) {
    if (stop == null) {
      stop = start || 0;
      start = 0;
    }
    if (!step) {
      step = stop < start ? -1 : 1;
    }

    var length = Math.max(Math.ceil((stop - start) / step), 0);
    var range = Array(length);

    for (var idx = 0; idx < length; idx++, start += step) {
      range[idx] = start;
    }

    return range;
  };

  // Chunk a single array into multiple arrays, each containing `count` or fewer
  // items.
  _.chunk = function(array, count) {
    if (count == null || count < 1) return [];
    var result = [];
    var i = 0, length = array.length;
    while (i < length) {
      result.push(slice.call(array, i, i += count));
    }
    return result;
  };

  // Function (ahem) Functions
  // ------------------

  // Determines whether to execute a function as a constructor
  // or a normal function with the provided arguments.
  var executeBound = function(sourceFunc, boundFunc, context, callingContext, args) {
    if (!(callingContext instanceof boundFunc)) return sourceFunc.apply(context, args);
    var self = baseCreate(sourceFunc.prototype);
    var result = sourceFunc.apply(self, args);
    if (_.isObject(result)) return result;
    return self;
  };

  // Create a function bound to a given object (assigning `this`, and arguments,
  // optionally). Delegates to **ECMAScript 5**'s native `Function.bind` if
  // available.
  _.bind = restArguments(function(func, context, args) {
    if (!_.isFunction(func)) throw new TypeError('Bind must be called on a function');
    var bound = restArguments(function(callArgs) {
      return executeBound(func, bound, context, this, args.concat(callArgs));
    });
    return bound;
  });

  // Partially apply a function by creating a version that has had some of its
  // arguments pre-filled, without changing its dynamic `this` context. _ acts
  // as a placeholder by default, allowing any combination of arguments to be
  // pre-filled. Set `_.partial.placeholder` for a custom placeholder argument.
  _.partial = restArguments(function(func, boundArgs) {
    var placeholder = _.partial.placeholder;
    var bound = function() {
      var position = 0, length = boundArgs.length;
      var args = Array(length);
      for (var i = 0; i < length; i++) {
        args[i] = boundArgs[i] === placeholder ? arguments[position++] : boundArgs[i];
      }
      while (position < arguments.length) args.push(arguments[position++]);
      return executeBound(func, bound, this, this, args);
    };
    return bound;
  });

  _.partial.placeholder = _;

  // Bind a number of an object's methods to that object. Remaining arguments
  // are the method names to be bound. Useful for ensuring that all callbacks
  // defined on an object belong to it.
  _.bindAll = restArguments(function(obj, keys) {
    keys = flatten(keys, false, false);
    var index = keys.length;
    if (index < 1) throw new Error('bindAll must be passed function names');
    while (index--) {
      var key = keys[index];
      obj[key] = _.bind(obj[key], obj);
    }
  });

  // Memoize an expensive function by storing its results.
  _.memoize = function(func, hasher) {
    var memoize = function(key) {
      var cache = memoize.cache;
      var address = '' + (hasher ? hasher.apply(this, arguments) : key);
      if (!has(cache, address)) cache[address] = func.apply(this, arguments);
      return cache[address];
    };
    memoize.cache = {};
    return memoize;
  };

  // Delays a function for the given number of milliseconds, and then calls
  // it with the arguments supplied.
  _.delay = restArguments(function(func, wait, args) {
    return setTimeout(function() {
      return func.apply(null, args);
    }, wait);
  });

  // Defers a function, scheduling it to run after the current call stack has
  // cleared.
  _.defer = _.partial(_.delay, _, 1);

  // Returns a function, that, when invoked, will only be triggered at most once
  // during a given window of time. Normally, the throttled function will run
  // as much as it can, without ever going more than once per `wait` duration;
  // but if you'd like to disable the execution on the leading edge, pass
  // `{leading: false}`. To disable execution on the trailing edge, ditto.
  _.throttle = function(func, wait, options) {
    var timeout, context, args, result;
    var previous = 0;
    if (!options) options = {};

    var later = function() {
      previous = options.leading === false ? 0 : _.now();
      timeout = null;
      result = func.apply(context, args);
      if (!timeout) context = args = null;
    };

    var throttled = function() {
      var now = _.now();
      if (!previous && options.leading === false) previous = now;
      var remaining = wait - (now - previous);
      context = this;
      args = arguments;
      if (remaining <= 0 || remaining > wait) {
        if (timeout) {
          clearTimeout(timeout);
          timeout = null;
        }
        previous = now;
        result = func.apply(context, args);
        if (!timeout) context = args = null;
      } else if (!timeout && options.trailing !== false) {
        timeout = setTimeout(later, remaining);
      }
      return result;
    };

    throttled.cancel = function() {
      clearTimeout(timeout);
      previous = 0;
      timeout = context = args = null;
    };

    return throttled;
  };

  // Returns a function, that, as long as it continues to be invoked, will not
  // be triggered. The function will be called after it stops being called for
  // N milliseconds. If `immediate` is passed, trigger the function on the
  // leading edge, instead of the trailing.
  _.debounce = function(func, wait, immediate) {
    var timeout, result;

    var later = function(context, args) {
      timeout = null;
      if (args) result = func.apply(context, args);
    };

    var debounced = restArguments(function(args) {
      if (timeout) clearTimeout(timeout);
      if (immediate) {
        var callNow = !timeout;
        timeout = setTimeout(later, wait);
        if (callNow) result = func.apply(this, args);
      } else {
        timeout = _.delay(later, wait, this, args);
      }

      return result;
    });

    debounced.cancel = function() {
      clearTimeout(timeout);
      timeout = null;
    };

    return debounced;
  };

  // Returns the first function passed as an argument to the second,
  // allowing you to adjust arguments, run code before and after, and
  // conditionally execute the original function.
  _.wrap = function(func, wrapper) {
    return _.partial(wrapper, func);
  };

  // Returns a negated version of the passed-in predicate.
  _.negate = function(predicate) {
    return function() {
      return !predicate.apply(this, arguments);
    };
  };

  // Returns a function that is the composition of a list of functions, each
  // consuming the return value of the function that follows.
  _.compose = function() {
    var args = arguments;
    var start = args.length - 1;
    return function() {
      var i = start;
      var result = args[start].apply(this, arguments);
      while (i--) result = args[i].call(this, result);
      return result;
    };
  };

  // Returns a function that will only be executed on and after the Nth call.
  _.after = function(times, func) {
    return function() {
      if (--times < 1) {
        return func.apply(this, arguments);
      }
    };
  };

  // Returns a function that will only be executed up to (but not including) the Nth call.
  _.before = function(times, func) {
    var memo;
    return function() {
      if (--times > 0) {
        memo = func.apply(this, arguments);
      }
      if (times <= 1) func = null;
      return memo;
    };
  };

  // Returns a function that will be executed at most one time, no matter how
  // often you call it. Useful for lazy initialization.
  _.once = _.partial(_.before, 2);

  _.restArguments = restArguments;

  // Object Functions
  // ----------------

  // Keys in IE < 9 that won't be iterated by `for key in ...` and thus missed.
  var hasEnumBug = !{toString: null}.propertyIsEnumerable('toString');
  var nonEnumerableProps = ['valueOf', 'isPrototypeOf', 'toString',
    'propertyIsEnumerable', 'hasOwnProperty', 'toLocaleString'];

  var collectNonEnumProps = function(obj, keys) {
    var nonEnumIdx = nonEnumerableProps.length;
    var constructor = obj.constructor;
    var proto = _.isFunction(constructor) && constructor.prototype || ObjProto;

    // Constructor is a special case.
    var prop = 'constructor';
    if (has(obj, prop) && !_.contains(keys, prop)) keys.push(prop);

    while (nonEnumIdx--) {
      prop = nonEnumerableProps[nonEnumIdx];
      if (prop in obj && obj[prop] !== proto[prop] && !_.contains(keys, prop)) {
        keys.push(prop);
      }
    }
  };

  // Retrieve the names of an object's own properties.
  // Delegates to **ECMAScript 5**'s native `Object.keys`.
  _.keys = function(obj) {
    if (!_.isObject(obj)) return [];
    if (nativeKeys) return nativeKeys(obj);
    var keys = [];
    for (var key in obj) if (has(obj, key)) keys.push(key);
    // Ahem, IE < 9.
    if (hasEnumBug) collectNonEnumProps(obj, keys);
    return keys;
  };

  // Retrieve all the property names of an object.
  _.allKeys = function(obj) {
    if (!_.isObject(obj)) return [];
    var keys = [];
    for (var key in obj) keys.push(key);
    // Ahem, IE < 9.
    if (hasEnumBug) collectNonEnumProps(obj, keys);
    return keys;
  };

  // Retrieve the values of an object's properties.
  _.values = function(obj) {
    var keys = _.keys(obj);
    var length = keys.length;
    var values = Array(length);
    for (var i = 0; i < length; i++) {
      values[i] = obj[keys[i]];
    }
    return values;
  };

  // Returns the results of applying the iteratee to each element of the object.
  // In contrast to _.map it returns an object.
  _.mapObject = function(obj, iteratee, context) {
    iteratee = cb(iteratee, context);
    var keys = _.keys(obj),
        length = keys.length,
        results = {};
    for (var index = 0; index < length; index++) {
      var currentKey = keys[index];
      results[currentKey] = iteratee(obj[currentKey], currentKey, obj);
    }
    return results;
  };

  // Convert an object into a list of `[key, value]` pairs.
  // The opposite of _.object.
  _.pairs = function(obj) {
    var keys = _.keys(obj);
    var length = keys.length;
    var pairs = Array(length);
    for (var i = 0; i < length; i++) {
      pairs[i] = [keys[i], obj[keys[i]]];
    }
    return pairs;
  };

  // Invert the keys and values of an object. The values must be serializable.
  _.invert = function(obj) {
    var result = {};
    var keys = _.keys(obj);
    for (var i = 0, length = keys.length; i < length; i++) {
      result[obj[keys[i]]] = keys[i];
    }
    return result;
  };

  // Return a sorted list of the function names available on the object.
  // Aliased as `methods`.
  _.functions = _.methods = function(obj) {
    var names = [];
    for (var key in obj) {
      if (_.isFunction(obj[key])) names.push(key);
    }
    return names.sort();
  };

  // An internal function for creating assigner functions.
  var createAssigner = function(keysFunc, defaults) {
    return function(obj) {
      var length = arguments.length;
      if (defaults) obj = Object(obj);
      if (length < 2 || obj == null) return obj;
      for (var index = 1; index < length; index++) {
        var source = arguments[index],
            keys = keysFunc(source),
            l = keys.length;
        for (var i = 0; i < l; i++) {
          var key = keys[i];
          if (!defaults || obj[key] === void 0) obj[key] = source[key];
        }
      }
      return obj;
    };
  };

  // Extend a given object with all the properties in passed-in object(s).
  _.extend = createAssigner(_.allKeys);

  // Assigns a given object with all the own properties in the passed-in object(s).
  // (https://developer.mozilla.org/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/Object/assign)
  _.extendOwn = _.assign = createAssigner(_.keys);

  // Returns the first key on an object that passes a predicate test.
  _.findKey = function(obj, predicate, context) {
    predicate = cb(predicate, context);
    var keys = _.keys(obj), key;
    for (var i = 0, length = keys.length; i < length; i++) {
      key = keys[i];
      if (predicate(obj[key], key, obj)) return key;
    }
  };

  // Internal pick helper function to determine if `obj` has key `key`.
  var keyInObj = function(value, key, obj) {
    return key in obj;
  };

  // Return a copy of the object only containing the whitelisted properties.
  _.pick = restArguments(function(obj, keys) {
    var result = {}, iteratee = keys[0];
    if (obj == null) return result;
    if (_.isFunction(iteratee)) {
      if (keys.length > 1) iteratee = optimizeCb(iteratee, keys[1]);
      keys = _.allKeys(obj);
    } else {
      iteratee = keyInObj;
      keys = flatten(keys, false, false);
      obj = Object(obj);
    }
    for (var i = 0, length = keys.length; i < length; i++) {
      var key = keys[i];
      var value = obj[key];
      if (iteratee(value, key, obj)) result[key] = value;
    }
    return result;
  });

  // Return a copy of the object without the blacklisted properties.
  _.omit = restArguments(function(obj, keys) {
    var iteratee = keys[0], context;
    if (_.isFunction(iteratee)) {
      iteratee = _.negate(iteratee);
      if (keys.length > 1) context = keys[1];
    } else {
      keys = _.map(flatten(keys, false, false), String);
      iteratee = function(value, key) {
        return !_.contains(keys, key);
      };
    }
    return _.pick(obj, iteratee, context);
  });

  // Fill in a given object with default properties.
  _.defaults = createAssigner(_.allKeys, true);

  // Creates an object that inherits from the given prototype object.
  // If additional properties are provided then they will be added to the
  // created object.
  _.create = function(prototype, props) {
    var result = baseCreate(prototype);
    if (props) _.extendOwn(result, props);
    return result;
  };

  // Create a (shallow-cloned) duplicate of an object.
  _.clone = function(obj) {
    if (!_.isObject(obj)) return obj;
    return _.isArray(obj) ? obj.slice() : _.extend({}, obj);
  };

  // Invokes interceptor with the obj, and then returns obj.
  // The primary purpose of this method is to "tap into" a method chain, in
  // order to perform operations on intermediate results within the chain.
  _.tap = function(obj, interceptor) {
    interceptor(obj);
    return obj;
  };

  // Returns whether an object has a given set of `key:value` pairs.
  _.isMatch = function(object, attrs) {
    var keys = _.keys(attrs), length = keys.length;
    if (object == null) return !length;
    var obj = Object(object);
    for (var i = 0; i < length; i++) {
      var key = keys[i];
      if (attrs[key] !== obj[key] || !(key in obj)) return false;
    }
    return true;
  };


  // Internal recursive comparison function for `isEqual`.
  var eq, deepEq;
  eq = function(a, b, aStack, bStack) {
    // Identical objects are equal. `0 === -0`, but they aren't identical.
    // See the [Harmony `egal` proposal](http://wiki.ecmascript.org/doku.php?id=harmony:egal).
    if (a === b) return a !== 0 || 1 / a === 1 / b;
    // `null` or `undefined` only equal to itself (strict comparison).
    if (a == null || b == null) return false;
    // `NaN`s are equivalent, but non-reflexive.
    if (a !== a) return b !== b;
    // Exhaust primitive checks
    var type = typeof a;
    if (type !== 'function' && type !== 'object' && typeof b != 'object') return false;
    return deepEq(a, b, aStack, bStack);
  };

  // Internal recursive comparison function for `isEqual`.
  deepEq = function(a, b, aStack, bStack) {
    // Unwrap any wrapped objects.
    if (a instanceof _) a = a._wrapped;
    if (b instanceof _) b = b._wrapped;
    // Compare `[[Class]]` names.
    var className = toString.call(a);
    if (className !== toString.call(b)) return false;
    switch (className) {
      // Strings, numbers, regular expressions, dates, and booleans are compared by value.
      case '[object RegExp]':
      // RegExps are coerced to strings for comparison (Note: '' + /a/i === '/a/i')
      case '[object String]':
        // Primitives and their corresponding object wrappers are equivalent; thus, `"5"` is
        // equivalent to `new String("5")`.
        return '' + a === '' + b;
      case '[object Number]':
        // `NaN`s are equivalent, but non-reflexive.
        // Object(NaN) is equivalent to NaN.
        if (+a !== +a) return +b !== +b;
        // An `egal` comparison is performed for other numeric values.
        return +a === 0 ? 1 / +a === 1 / b : +a === +b;
      case '[object Date]':
      case '[object Boolean]':
        // Coerce dates and booleans to numeric primitive values. Dates are compared by their
        // millisecond representations. Note that invalid dates with millisecond representations
        // of `NaN` are not equivalent.
        return +a === +b;
      case '[object Symbol]':
        return SymbolProto.valueOf.call(a) === SymbolProto.valueOf.call(b);
    }

    var areArrays = className === '[object Array]';
    if (!areArrays) {
      if (typeof a != 'object' || typeof b != 'object') return false;

      // Objects with different constructors are not equivalent, but `Object`s or `Array`s
      // from different frames are.
      var aCtor = a.constructor, bCtor = b.constructor;
      if (aCtor !== bCtor && !(_.isFunction(aCtor) && aCtor instanceof aCtor &&
                               _.isFunction(bCtor) && bCtor instanceof bCtor)
                          && ('constructor' in a && 'constructor' in b)) {
        return false;
      }
    }
    // Assume equality for cyclic structures. The algorithm for detecting cyclic
    // structures is adapted from ES 5.1 section 15.12.3, abstract operation `JO`.

    // Initializing stack of traversed objects.
    // It's done here since we only need them for objects and arrays comparison.
    aStack = aStack || [];
    bStack = bStack || [];
    var length = aStack.length;
    while (length--) {
      // Linear search. Performance is inversely proportional to the number of
      // unique nested structures.
      if (aStack[length] === a) return bStack[length] === b;
    }

    // Add the first object to the stack of traversed objects.
    aStack.push(a);
    bStack.push(b);

    // Recursively compare objects and arrays.
    if (areArrays) {
      // Compare array lengths to determine if a deep comparison is necessary.
      length = a.length;
      if (length !== b.length) return false;
      // Deep compare the contents, ignoring non-numeric properties.
      while (length--) {
        if (!eq(a[length], b[length], aStack, bStack)) return false;
      }
    } else {
      // Deep compare objects.
      var keys = _.keys(a), key;
      length = keys.length;
      // Ensure that both objects contain the same number of properties before comparing deep equality.
      if (_.keys(b).length !== length) return false;
      while (length--) {
        // Deep compare each member
        key = keys[length];
        if (!(has(b, key) && eq(a[key], b[key], aStack, bStack))) return false;
      }
    }
    // Remove the first object from the stack of traversed objects.
    aStack.pop();
    bStack.pop();
    return true;
  };

  // Perform a deep comparison to check if two objects are equal.
  _.isEqual = function(a, b) {
    return eq(a, b);
  };

  // Is a given array, string, or object empty?
  // An "empty" object has no enumerable own-properties.
  _.isEmpty = function(obj) {
    if (obj == null) return true;
    if (isArrayLike(obj) && (_.isArray(obj) || _.isString(obj) || _.isArguments(obj))) return obj.length === 0;
    return _.keys(obj).length === 0;
  };

  // Is a given value a DOM element?
  _.isElement = function(obj) {
    return !!(obj && obj.nodeType === 1);
  };

  // Is a given value an array?
  // Delegates to ECMA5's native Array.isArray
  _.isArray = nativeIsArray || function(obj) {
    return toString.call(obj) === '[object Array]';
  };

  // Is a given variable an object?
  _.isObject = function(obj) {
    var type = typeof obj;
    return type === 'function' || type === 'object' && !!obj;
  };

  // Add some isType methods: isArguments, isFunction, isString, isNumber, isDate, isRegExp, isError, isMap, isWeakMap, isSet, isWeakSet.
  _.each(['Arguments', 'Function', 'String', 'Number', 'Date', 'RegExp', 'Error', 'Symbol', 'Map', 'WeakMap', 'Set', 'WeakSet'], function(name) {
    _['is' + name] = function(obj) {
      return toString.call(obj) === '[object ' + name + ']';
    };
  });

  // Define a fallback version of the method in browsers (ahem, IE < 9), where
  // there isn't any inspectable "Arguments" type.
  if (!_.isArguments(arguments)) {
    _.isArguments = function(obj) {
      return has(obj, 'callee');
    };
  }

  // Optimize `isFunction` if appropriate. Work around some typeof bugs in old v8,
  // IE 11 (#1621), Safari 8 (#1929), and PhantomJS (#2236).
  var nodelist = root.document && root.document.childNodes;
  if (typeof /./ != 'function' && typeof Int8Array != 'object' && typeof nodelist != 'function') {
    _.isFunction = function(obj) {
      return typeof obj == 'function' || false;
    };
  }

  // Is a given object a finite number?
  _.isFinite = function(obj) {
    return !_.isSymbol(obj) && isFinite(obj) && !isNaN(parseFloat(obj));
  };

  // Is the given value `NaN`?
  _.isNaN = function(obj) {
    return _.isNumber(obj) && isNaN(obj);
  };

  // Is a given value a boolean?
  _.isBoolean = function(obj) {
    return obj === true || obj === false || toString.call(obj) === '[object Boolean]';
  };

  // Is a given value equal to null?
  _.isNull = function(obj) {
    return obj === null;
  };

  // Is a given variable undefined?
  _.isUndefined = function(obj) {
    return obj === void 0;
  };

  // Shortcut function for checking if an object has a given property directly
  // on itself (in other words, not on a prototype).
  _.has = function(obj, path) {
    if (!_.isArray(path)) {
      return has(obj, path);
    }
    var length = path.length;
    for (var i = 0; i < length; i++) {
      var key = path[i];
      if (obj == null || !hasOwnProperty.call(obj, key)) {
        return false;
      }
      obj = obj[key];
    }
    return !!length;
  };

  // Utility Functions
  // -----------------

  // Run Underscore.js in *noConflict* mode, returning the `_` variable to its
  // previous owner. Returns a reference to the Underscore object.
  _.noConflict = function() {
    root._ = previousUnderscore;
    return this;
  };

  // Keep the identity function around for default iteratees.
  _.identity = function(value) {
    return value;
  };

  // Predicate-generating functions. Often useful outside of Underscore.
  _.constant = function(value) {
    return function() {
      return value;
    };
  };

  _.noop = function(){};

  // Creates a function that, when passed an object, will traverse that object’s
  // properties down the given `path`, specified as an array of keys or indexes.
  _.property = function(path) {
    if (!_.isArray(path)) {
      return shallowProperty(path);
    }
    return function(obj) {
      return deepGet(obj, path);
    };
  };

  // Generates a function for a given object that returns a given property.
  _.propertyOf = function(obj) {
    if (obj == null) {
      return function(){};
    }
    return function(path) {
      return !_.isArray(path) ? obj[path] : deepGet(obj, path);
    };
  };

  // Returns a predicate for checking whether an object has a given set of
  // `key:value` pairs.
  _.matcher = _.matches = function(attrs) {
    attrs = _.extendOwn({}, attrs);
    return function(obj) {
      return _.isMatch(obj, attrs);
    };
  };

  // Run a function **n** times.
  _.times = function(n, iteratee, context) {
    var accum = Array(Math.max(0, n));
    iteratee = optimizeCb(iteratee, context, 1);
    for (var i = 0; i < n; i++) accum[i] = iteratee(i);
    return accum;
  };

  // Return a random integer between min and max (inclusive).
  _.random = function(min, max) {
    if (max == null) {
      max = min;
      min = 0;
    }
    return min + Math.floor(Math.random() * (max - min + 1));
  };

  // A (possibly faster) way to get the current timestamp as an integer.
  _.now = Date.now || function() {
    return new Date().getTime();
  };

  // List of HTML entities for escaping.
  var escapeMap = {
    '&': '&amp;',
    '<': '&lt;',
    '>': '&gt;',
    '"': '&quot;',
    "'": '&#x27;',
    '`': '&#x60;'
  };
  var unescapeMap = _.invert(escapeMap);

  // Functions for escaping and unescaping strings to/from HTML interpolation.
  var createEscaper = function(map) {
    var escaper = function(match) {
      return map[match];
    };
    // Regexes for identifying a key that needs to be escaped.
    var source = '(?:' + _.keys(map).join('|') + ')';
    var testRegexp = RegExp(source);
    var replaceRegexp = RegExp(source, 'g');
    return function(string) {
      string = string == null ? '' : '' + string;
      return testRegexp.test(string) ? string.replace(replaceRegexp, escaper) : string;
    };
  };
  _.escape = createEscaper(escapeMap);
  _.unescape = createEscaper(unescapeMap);

  // Traverses the children of `obj` along `path`. If a child is a function, it
  // is invoked with its parent as context. Returns the value of the final
  // child, or `fallback` if any child is undefined.
  _.result = function(obj, path, fallback) {
    if (!_.isArray(path)) path = [path];
    var length = path.length;
    if (!length) {
      return _.isFunction(fallback) ? fallback.call(obj) : fallback;
    }
    for (var i = 0; i < length; i++) {
      var prop = obj == null ? void 0 : obj[path[i]];
      if (prop === void 0) {
        prop = fallback;
        i = length; // Ensure we don't continue iterating.
      }
      obj = _.isFunction(prop) ? prop.call(obj) : prop;
    }
    return obj;
  };

  // Generate a unique integer id (unique within the entire client session).
  // Useful for temporary DOM ids.
  var idCounter = 0;
  _.uniqueId = function(prefix) {
    var id = ++idCounter + '';
    return prefix ? prefix + id : id;
  };

  // By default, Underscore uses ERB-style template delimiters, change the
  // following template settings to use alternative delimiters.
  _.templateSettings = {
    evaluate: /<%([\s\S]+?)%>/g,
    interpolate: /<%=([\s\S]+?)%>/g,
    escape: /<%-([\s\S]+?)%>/g
  };

  // When customizing `templateSettings`, if you don't want to define an
  // interpolation, evaluation or escaping regex, we need one that is
  // guaranteed not to match.
  var noMatch = /(.)^/;

  // Certain characters need to be escaped so that they can be put into a
  // string literal.
  var escapes = {
    "'": "'",
    '\\': '\\',
    '\r': 'r',
    '\n': 'n',
    '\u2028': 'u2028',
    '\u2029': 'u2029'
  };

  var escapeRegExp = /\\|'|\r|\n|\u2028|\u2029/g;

  var escapeChar = function(match) {
    return '\\' + escapes[match];
  };

  // JavaScript micro-templating, similar to John Resig's implementation.
  // Underscore templating handles arbitrary delimiters, preserves whitespace,
  // and correctly escapes quotes within interpolated code.
  // NB: `oldSettings` only exists for backwards compatibility.
  _.template = function(text, settings, oldSettings) {
    if (!settings && oldSettings) settings = oldSettings;
    settings = _.defaults({}, settings, _.templateSettings);

    // Combine delimiters into one regular expression via alternation.
    var matcher = RegExp([
      (settings.escape || noMatch).source,
      (settings.interpolate || noMatch).source,
      (settings.evaluate || noMatch).source
    ].join('|') + '|$', 'g');

    // Compile the template source, escaping string literals appropriately.
    var index = 0;
    var source = "__p+='";
    text.replace(matcher, function(match, escape, interpolate, evaluate, offset) {
      source += text.slice(index, offset).replace(escapeRegExp, escapeChar);
      index = offset + match.length;

      if (escape) {
        source += "'+\n((__t=(" + escape + "))==null?'':_.escape(__t))+\n'";
      } else if (interpolate) {
        source += "'+\n((__t=(" + interpolate + "))==null?'':__t)+\n'";
      } else if (evaluate) {
        source += "';\n" + evaluate + "\n__p+='";
      }

      // Adobe VMs need the match returned to produce the correct offset.
      return match;
    });
    source += "';\n";

    // If a variable is not specified, place data values in local scope.
    if (!settings.variable) source = 'with(obj||{}){\n' + source + '}\n';

    source = "var __t,__p='',__j=Array.prototype.join," +
      "print=function(){__p+=__j.call(arguments,'');};\n" +
      source + 'return __p;\n';

    var render;
    try {
      render = new Function(settings.variable || 'obj', '_', source);
    } catch (e) {
      e.source = source;
      throw e;
    }

    var template = function(data) {
      return render.call(this, data, _);
    };

    // Provide the compiled source as a convenience for precompilation.
    var argument = settings.variable || 'obj';
    template.source = 'function(' + argument + '){\n' + source + '}';

    return template;
  };

  // Add a "chain" function. Start chaining a wrapped Underscore object.
  _.chain = function(obj) {
    var instance = _(obj);
    instance._chain = true;
    return instance;
  };

  // OOP
  // ---------------
  // If Underscore is called as a function, it returns a wrapped object that
  // can be used OO-style. This wrapper holds altered versions of all the
  // underscore functions. Wrapped objects may be chained.

  // Helper function to continue chaining intermediate results.
  var chainResult = function(instance, obj) {
    return instance._chain ? _(obj).chain() : obj;
  };

  // Add your own custom functions to the Underscore object.
  _.mixin = function(obj) {
    _.each(_.functions(obj), function(name) {
      var func = _[name] = obj[name];
      _.prototype[name] = function() {
        var args = [this._wrapped];
        push.apply(args, arguments);
        return chainResult(this, func.apply(_, args));
      };
    });
    return _;
  };

  // Add all of the Underscore functions to the wrapper object.
  _.mixin(_);

  // Add all mutator Array functions to the wrapper.
  _.each(['pop', 'push', 'reverse', 'shift', 'sort', 'splice', 'unshift'], function(name) {
    var method = ArrayProto[name];
    _.prototype[name] = function() {
      var obj = this._wrapped;
      method.apply(obj, arguments);
      if ((name === 'shift' || name === 'splice') && obj.length === 0) delete obj[0];
      return chainResult(this, obj);
    };
  });

  // Add all accessor Array functions to the wrapper.
  _.each(['concat', 'join', 'slice'], function(name) {
    var method = ArrayProto[name];
    _.prototype[name] = function() {
      return chainResult(this, method.apply(this._wrapped, arguments));
    };
  });

  // Extracts the result from a wrapped and chained object.
  _.prototype.value = function() {
    return this._wrapped;
  };

  // Provide unwrapping proxy for some methods used in engine operations
  // such as arithmetic and JSON stringification.
  _.prototype.valueOf = _.prototype.toJSON = _.prototype.value;

  _.prototype.toString = function() {
    return String(this._wrapped);
  };

  // AMD registration happens at the end for compatibility with AMD loaders
  // that may not enforce next-turn semantics on modules. Even though general
  // practice for AMD registration is to be anonymous, underscore registers
  // as a named module because, like jQuery, it is a base library that is
  // popular enough to be bundled in a third party lib, but not be part of
  // an AMD load request. Those cases could generate an error when an
  // anonymous define() is called outside of a loader request.
  if (typeof define == 'function' && define.amd) {
    define('underscore', [], function() {
      return _;
    });
  }
}());

}).call(this,typeof global !== "undefined" ? global : typeof self !== "undefined" ? self : typeof window !== "undefined" ? window : {})
},{}],57:[function(require,module,exports){
/*! https://mths.be/utf8js v3.0.0 by @mathias */
;(function(root) {

	var stringFromCharCode = String.fromCharCode;

	// Taken from https://mths.be/punycode
	function ucs2decode(string) {
		var output = [];
		var counter = 0;
		var length = string.length;
		var value;
		var extra;
		while (counter < length) {
			value = string.charCodeAt(counter++);
			if (value >= 0xD800 && value <= 0xDBFF && counter < length) {
				// high surrogate, and there is a next character
				extra = string.charCodeAt(counter++);
				if ((extra & 0xFC00) == 0xDC00) { // low surrogate
					output.push(((value & 0x3FF) << 10) + (extra & 0x3FF) + 0x10000);
				} else {
					// unmatched surrogate; only append this code unit, in case the next
					// code unit is the high surrogate of a surrogate pair
					output.push(value);
					counter--;
				}
			} else {
				output.push(value);
			}
		}
		return output;
	}

	// Taken from https://mths.be/punycode
	function ucs2encode(array) {
		var length = array.length;
		var index = -1;
		var value;
		var output = '';
		while (++index < length) {
			value = array[index];
			if (value > 0xFFFF) {
				value -= 0x10000;
				output += stringFromCharCode(value >>> 10 & 0x3FF | 0xD800);
				value = 0xDC00 | value & 0x3FF;
			}
			output += stringFromCharCode(value);
		}
		return output;
	}

	function checkScalarValue(codePoint) {
		if (codePoint >= 0xD800 && codePoint <= 0xDFFF) {
			throw Error(
				'Lone surrogate U+' + codePoint.toString(16).toUpperCase() +
				' is not a scalar value'
			);
		}
	}
	/*--------------------------------------------------------------------------*/

	function createByte(codePoint, shift) {
		return stringFromCharCode(((codePoint >> shift) & 0x3F) | 0x80);
	}

	function encodeCodePoint(codePoint) {
		if ((codePoint & 0xFFFFFF80) == 0) { // 1-byte sequence
			return stringFromCharCode(codePoint);
		}
		var symbol = '';
		if ((codePoint & 0xFFFFF800) == 0) { // 2-byte sequence
			symbol = stringFromCharCode(((codePoint >> 6) & 0x1F) | 0xC0);
		}
		else if ((codePoint & 0xFFFF0000) == 0) { // 3-byte sequence
			checkScalarValue(codePoint);
			symbol = stringFromCharCode(((codePoint >> 12) & 0x0F) | 0xE0);
			symbol += createByte(codePoint, 6);
		}
		else if ((codePoint & 0xFFE00000) == 0) { // 4-byte sequence
			symbol = stringFromCharCode(((codePoint >> 18) & 0x07) | 0xF0);
			symbol += createByte(codePoint, 12);
			symbol += createByte(codePoint, 6);
		}
		symbol += stringFromCharCode((codePoint & 0x3F) | 0x80);
		return symbol;
	}

	function utf8encode(string) {
		var codePoints = ucs2decode(string);
		var length = codePoints.length;
		var index = -1;
		var codePoint;
		var byteString = '';
		while (++index < length) {
			codePoint = codePoints[index];
			byteString += encodeCodePoint(codePoint);
		}
		return byteString;
	}

	/*--------------------------------------------------------------------------*/

	function readContinuationByte() {
		if (byteIndex >= byteCount) {
			throw Error('Invalid byte index');
		}

		var continuationByte = byteArray[byteIndex] & 0xFF;
		byteIndex++;

		if ((continuationByte & 0xC0) == 0x80) {
			return continuationByte & 0x3F;
		}

		// If we end up here, it’s not a continuation byte
		throw Error('Invalid continuation byte');
	}

	function decodeSymbol() {
		var byte1;
		var byte2;
		var byte3;
		var byte4;
		var codePoint;

		if (byteIndex > byteCount) {
			throw Error('Invalid byte index');
		}

		if (byteIndex == byteCount) {
			return false;
		}

		// Read first byte
		byte1 = byteArray[byteIndex] & 0xFF;
		byteIndex++;

		// 1-byte sequence (no continuation bytes)
		if ((byte1 & 0x80) == 0) {
			return byte1;
		}

		// 2-byte sequence
		if ((byte1 & 0xE0) == 0xC0) {
			byte2 = readContinuationByte();
			codePoint = ((byte1 & 0x1F) << 6) | byte2;
			if (codePoint >= 0x80) {
				return codePoint;
			} else {
				throw Error('Invalid continuation byte');
			}
		}

		// 3-byte sequence (may include unpaired surrogates)
		if ((byte1 & 0xF0) == 0xE0) {
			byte2 = readContinuationByte();
			byte3 = readContinuationByte();
			codePoint = ((byte1 & 0x0F) << 12) | (byte2 << 6) | byte3;
			if (codePoint >= 0x0800) {
				checkScalarValue(codePoint);
				return codePoint;
			} else {
				throw Error('Invalid continuation byte');
			}
		}

		// 4-byte sequence
		if ((byte1 & 0xF8) == 0xF0) {
			byte2 = readContinuationByte();
			byte3 = readContinuationByte();
			byte4 = readContinuationByte();
			codePoint = ((byte1 & 0x07) << 0x12) | (byte2 << 0x0C) |
				(byte3 << 0x06) | byte4;
			if (codePoint >= 0x010000 && codePoint <= 0x10FFFF) {
				return codePoint;
			}
		}

		throw Error('Invalid UTF-8 detected');
	}

	var byteArray;
	var byteCount;
	var byteIndex;
	function utf8decode(byteString) {
		byteArray = ucs2decode(byteString);
		byteCount = byteArray.length;
		byteIndex = 0;
		var codePoints = [];
		var tmp;
		while ((tmp = decodeSymbol()) !== false) {
			codePoints.push(tmp);
		}
		return ucs2encode(codePoints);
	}

	/*--------------------------------------------------------------------------*/

	root.version = '3.0.0';
	root.encode = utf8encode;
	root.decode = utf8decode;

}(typeof exports === 'undefined' ? this.utf8 = {} : exports));

},{}],58:[function(require,module,exports){
/*
 This file is part of web3.js.

 web3.js is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
 it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
 the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
 (at your option) any later version.

 web3.js is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
 but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
 MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
 GNU Lesser General Public License for more details.

 You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
 along with web3.js.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
 */
/**
 * @file utils.js
 * @author Marek Kotewicz <marek@parity.io>
 * @author Fabian Vogelsteller <fabian@ethereum.org>
 * @date 2017
 */


var _ = require('underscore');
var ethjsUnit = require('ethjs-unit');
var utils = require('./utils.js');
var soliditySha3 = require('./soliditySha3.js');
var randomHex = require('randomhex');



/**
 * Fires an error in an event emitter and callback and returns the eventemitter
 *
 * @method _fireError
 * @param {Object} error a string, a error, or an object with {message, data}
 * @param {Object} emitter
 * @param {Function} reject
 * @param {Function} callback
 * @return {Object} the emitter
 */
var _fireError = function (error, emitter, reject, callback) {
    /*jshint maxcomplexity: 10 */

    // add data if given
    if(_.isObject(error) && !(error instanceof Error) &&  error.data) {
        if(_.isObject(error.data) || _.isArray(error.data)) {
            error.data = JSON.stringify(error.data, null, 2);
        }

        error = error.message +"\n"+ error.data;
    }

    if(_.isString(error)) {
        error = new Error(error);
    }

    if (_.isFunction(callback)) {
        callback(error);
    }
    if (_.isFunction(reject)) {
        // suppress uncatched error if an error listener is present
        // OR suppress uncatched error if an callback listener is present
        if (emitter &&
            (_.isFunction(emitter.listeners) &&
            emitter.listeners('error').length) || _.isFunction(callback)) {
            emitter.catch(function(){});
        }
        // reject later, to be able to return emitter
        setTimeout(function () {
            reject(error);
        }, 1);
    }

    if(emitter && _.isFunction(emitter.emit)) {
        // emit later, to be able to return emitter
        setTimeout(function () {
            emitter.emit('error', error);
            emitter.removeAllListeners();
        }, 1);
    }

    return emitter;
};

/**
 * Should be used to create full function/event name from json abi
 *
 * @method _jsonInterfaceMethodToString
 * @param {Object} json
 * @return {String} full function/event name
 */
var _jsonInterfaceMethodToString = function (json) {
    if (_.isObject(json) && json.name && json.name.indexOf('(') !== -1) {
        return json.name;
    }

    return json.name + '(' + _flattenTypes(false, json.inputs).join(',') + ')';
};


/**
 * Should be used to flatten json abi inputs/outputs into an array of type-representing-strings
 *
 * @method _flattenTypes
 * @param {bool} includeTuple
 * @param {Object} puts
 * @return {Array} parameters as strings
 */
var _flattenTypes = function(includeTuple, puts)
{
    // console.log("entered _flattenTypes. inputs/outputs: " + puts)
    var types = [];

    puts.forEach(function(param) {
        if (typeof param.components === 'object') {
            if (param.type.substring(0, 5) !== 'tuple') {
                throw new Error('components found but type is not tuple; report on GitHub');
            }
            var suffix = '';
            var arrayBracket = param.type.indexOf('[');
            if (arrayBracket >= 0) { suffix = param.type.substring(arrayBracket); }
            var result = _flattenTypes(includeTuple, param.components);
            // console.log("result should have things: " + result)
            if(_.isArray(result) && includeTuple) {
                // console.log("include tuple word, and its an array. joining...: " + result.types)
                types.push('tuple(' + result.join(',') + ')' + suffix);
            }
            else if(!includeTuple) {
                // console.log("don't include tuple, but its an array. joining...: " + result)
                types.push('(' + result.join(',') + ')' + suffix);
            }
            else {
                // console.log("its a single type within a tuple: " + result.types)
                types.push('(' + result + ')');
            }
        } else {
            // console.log("its a type and not directly in a tuple: " + param.type)
            types.push(param.type);
        }
    });

    return types;
};


/**
 * Should be called to get ascii from it's hex representation
 *
 * @method hexToAscii
 * @param {String} hex
 * @returns {String} ascii string representation of hex value
 */
var hexToAscii = function(hex) {
    if (!utils.isHexStrict(hex))
        throw new Error('The parameter must be a valid HEX string.');

    var str = "";
    var i = 0, l = hex.length;
    if (hex.substring(0, 2) === '0x') {
        i = 2;
    }
    for (; i < l; i+=2) {
        var code = parseInt(hex.substr(i, 2), 16);
        str += String.fromCharCode(code);
    }

    return str;
};

/**
 * Should be called to get hex representation (prefixed by 0x) of ascii string
 *
 * @method asciiToHex
 * @param {String} str
 * @returns {String} hex representation of input string
 */
var asciiToHex = function(str) {
    if(!str)
        return "0x00";
    var hex = "";
    for(var i = 0; i < str.length; i++) {
        var code = str.charCodeAt(i);
        var n = code.toString(16);
        hex += n.length < 2 ? '0' + n : n;
    }

    return "0x" + hex;
};



/**
 * Returns value of unit in Wei
 *
 * @method getUnitValue
 * @param {String} unit the unit to convert to, default ether
 * @returns {BN} value of the unit (in Wei)
 * @throws error if the unit is not correct:w
 */
var getUnitValue = function (unit) {
    unit = unit ? unit.toLowerCase() : 'ether';
    if (!ethjsUnit.unitMap[unit]) {
        throw new Error('This unit "'+ unit +'" doesn\'t exist, please use the one of the following units' + JSON.stringify(ethjsUnit.unitMap, null, 2));
    }
    return unit;
};

/**
 * Takes a number of wei and converts it to any other ether unit.
 *
 * Possible units are:
 *   SI Short   SI Full        Effigy       Other
 * - kwei       femtoether     babbage
 * - mwei       picoether      lovelace
 * - gwei       nanoether      shannon      nano
 * - --         microether     szabo        micro
 * - --         milliether     finney       milli
 * - ether      --             --
 * - kether                    --           grand
 * - mether
 * - gether
 * - tether
 *
 * @method fromWei
 * @param {Number|String} number can be a number, number string or a HEX of a decimal
 * @param {String} unit the unit to convert to, default ether
 * @return {String|Object} When given a BN object it returns one as well, otherwise a number
 */
var fromWei = function(number, unit) {
    unit = getUnitValue(unit);

    if(!utils.isBN(number) && !_.isString(number)) {
        throw new Error('Please pass numbers as strings or BigNumber objects to avoid precision errors.');
    }

    return utils.isBN(number) ? ethjsUnit.fromWei(number, unit) : ethjsUnit.fromWei(number, unit).toString(10);
};

/**
 * Takes a number of a unit and converts it to wei.
 *
 * Possible units are:
 *   SI Short   SI Full        Effigy       Other
 * - kwei       femtoether     babbage
 * - mwei       picoether      lovelace
 * - gwei       nanoether      shannon      nano
 * - --         microether     szabo        micro
 * - --         microether     szabo        micro
 * - --         milliether     finney       milli
 * - ether      --             --
 * - kether                    --           grand
 * - mether
 * - gether
 * - tether
 *
 * @method toWei
 * @param {Number|String|BN} number can be a number, number string or a HEX of a decimal
 * @param {String} unit the unit to convert from, default ether
 * @return {String|Object} When given a BN object it returns one as well, otherwise a number
 */
var toWei = function(number, unit) {
    unit = getUnitValue(unit);

    if(!utils.isBN(number) && !_.isString(number)) {
        throw new Error('Please pass numbers as strings or BigNumber objects to avoid precision errors.');
    }

    return utils.isBN(number) ? ethjsUnit.toWei(number, unit) : ethjsUnit.toWei(number, unit).toString(10);
};




/**
 * Converts to a checksum address
 *
 * @method toChecksumAddress
 * @param {String} address the given HEX address
 * @return {String}
 */
var toChecksumAddress = function (address) {
    if (typeof address === 'undefined') return '';

    if(!/^(0x)?[0-9a-f]{40}$/i.test(address))
        throw new Error('Given address "'+ address +'" is not a valid Ethereum address.');



    address = address.toLowerCase().replace(/^0x/i,'');
    var addressHash = utils.sha3(address).replace(/^0x/i,'');
    var checksumAddress = '0x';

    for (var i = 0; i < address.length; i++ ) {
        // If ith character is 9 to f then make it uppercase
        if (parseInt(addressHash[i], 16) > 7) {
            checksumAddress += address[i].toUpperCase();
        } else {
            checksumAddress += address[i];
        }
    }
    return checksumAddress;
};



module.exports = {
    _fireError: _fireError,
    _jsonInterfaceMethodToString: _jsonInterfaceMethodToString,
    _flattenTypes: _flattenTypes,
    // extractDisplayName: extractDisplayName,
    // extractTypeName: extractTypeName,
    randomHex: randomHex,
    _: _,
    BN: utils.BN,
    isBN: utils.isBN,
    isBigNumber: utils.isBigNumber,
    isHex: utils.isHex,
    isHexStrict: utils.isHexStrict,
    sha3: utils.sha3,
    keccak256: utils.sha3,
    soliditySha3: soliditySha3,
    isAddress: utils.isAddress,
    checkAddressChecksum: utils.checkAddressChecksum,
    toChecksumAddress: toChecksumAddress,
    toHex: utils.toHex,
    toBN: utils.toBN,

    bytesToHex: utils.bytesToHex,
    hexToBytes: utils.hexToBytes,

    hexToNumberString: utils.hexToNumberString,

    hexToNumber: utils.hexToNumber,
    toDecimal: utils.hexToNumber, // alias

    numberToHex: utils.numberToHex,
    fromDecimal: utils.numberToHex, // alias

    hexToUtf8: utils.hexToUtf8,
    hexToString: utils.hexToUtf8,
    toUtf8: utils.hexToUtf8,

    utf8ToHex: utils.utf8ToHex,
    stringToHex: utils.utf8ToHex,
    fromUtf8: utils.utf8ToHex,

    hexToAscii: hexToAscii,
    toAscii: hexToAscii,
    asciiToHex: asciiToHex,
    fromAscii: asciiToHex,

    unitMap: ethjsUnit.unitMap,
    toWei: toWei,
    fromWei: fromWei,

    padLeft: utils.leftPad,
    leftPad: utils.leftPad,
    padRight: utils.rightPad,
    rightPad: utils.rightPad,
    toTwosComplement: utils.toTwosComplement
};


},{"./soliditySha3.js":59,"./utils.js":60,"ethjs-unit":27,"randomhex":43,"underscore":56}],59:[function(require,module,exports){
/*
 This file is part of web3.js.

 web3.js is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
 it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
 the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
 (at your option) any later version.

 web3.js is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
 but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
 MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
 GNU Lesser General Public License for more details.

 You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
 along with web3.js.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
 */
/**
 * @file soliditySha3.js
 * @author Fabian Vogelsteller <fabian@ethereum.org>
 * @date 2017
 */

var _ = require('underscore');
var BN = require('bn.js');
var utils = require('./utils.js');


var _elementaryName = function (name) {
    /*jshint maxcomplexity:false */

    if (name.startsWith('int[')) {
        return 'int256' + name.slice(3);
    } else if (name === 'int') {
        return 'int256';
    } else if (name.startsWith('uint[')) {
        return 'uint256' + name.slice(4);
    } else if (name === 'uint') {
        return 'uint256';
    } else if (name.startsWith('fixed[')) {
        return 'fixed128x128' + name.slice(5);
    } else if (name === 'fixed') {
        return 'fixed128x128';
    } else if (name.startsWith('ufixed[')) {
        return 'ufixed128x128' + name.slice(6);
    } else if (name === 'ufixed') {
        return 'ufixed128x128';
    }
    return name;
};

// Parse N from type<N>
var _parseTypeN = function (type) {
    var typesize = /^\D+(\d+).*$/.exec(type);
    return typesize ? parseInt(typesize[1], 10) : null;
};

// Parse N from type[<N>]
var _parseTypeNArray = function (type) {
    var arraySize = /^\D+\d*\[(\d+)\]$/.exec(type);
    return arraySize ? parseInt(arraySize[1], 10) : null;
};

var _parseNumber = function (arg) {
    var type = typeof arg;
    if (type === 'string') {
        if (utils.isHexStrict(arg)) {
            return new BN(arg.replace(/0x/i,''), 16);
        } else {
            return new BN(arg, 10);
        }
    } else if (type === 'number') {
        return new BN(arg);
    } else if (utils.isBigNumber(arg)) {
        return new BN(arg.toString(10));
    } else if (utils.isBN(arg)) {
        return arg;
    } else {
        throw new Error(arg +' is not a number');
    }
};

var _solidityPack = function (type, value, arraySize) {
    /*jshint maxcomplexity:false */

    var size, num;
    type = _elementaryName(type);


    if (type === 'bytes') {

        if (value.replace(/^0x/i,'').length % 2 !== 0) {
            throw new Error('Invalid bytes characters '+ value.length);
        }

        return value;
    } else if (type === 'string') {
        return utils.utf8ToHex(value);
    } else if (type === 'bool') {
        return value ? '01' : '00';
    } else if (type.startsWith('address')) {
        if(arraySize) {
            size = 64;
        } else {
            size = 40;
        }

        if(!utils.isAddress(value)) {
            throw new Error(value +' is not a valid address, or the checksum is invalid.');
        }

        return utils.leftPad(value.toLowerCase(), size);
    }

    size = _parseTypeN(type);

    if (type.startsWith('bytes')) {

        if(!size) {
            throw new Error('bytes[] not yet supported in solidity');
        }

        // must be 32 byte slices when in an array
        if(arraySize) {
            size = 32;
        }

        if (size < 1 || size > 32 || size < value.replace(/^0x/i,'').length / 2 ) {
            throw new Error('Invalid bytes' + size +' for '+ value);
        }

        return utils.rightPad(value, size * 2);
    } else if (type.startsWith('uint')) {

        if ((size % 8) || (size < 8) || (size > 256)) {
            throw new Error('Invalid uint'+size+' size');
        }

        num = _parseNumber(value);
        if (num.bitLength() > size) {
            throw new Error('Supplied uint exceeds width: ' + size + ' vs ' + num.bitLength());
        }

        if(num.lt(new BN(0))) {
            throw new Error('Supplied uint '+ num.toString() +' is negative');
        }

        return size ? utils.leftPad(num.toString('hex'), size/8 * 2) : num;
    } else if (type.startsWith('int')) {

        if ((size % 8) || (size < 8) || (size > 256)) {
            throw new Error('Invalid int'+size+' size');
        }

        num = _parseNumber(value);
        if (num.bitLength() > size) {
            throw new Error('Supplied int exceeds width: ' + size + ' vs ' + num.bitLength());
        }

        if(num.lt(new BN(0))) {
            return num.toTwos(size).toString('hex');
        } else {
            return size ? utils.leftPad(num.toString('hex'), size/8 * 2) : num;
        }

    } else {
        // FIXME: support all other types
        throw new Error('Unsupported or invalid type: ' + type);
    }
};


var _processSoliditySha3Args = function (arg) {
    /*jshint maxcomplexity:false */

    if(_.isArray(arg)) {
        throw new Error('Autodetection of array types is not supported.');
    }

    var type, value = '';
    var hexArg, arraySize;

    // if type is given
    if (_.isObject(arg) && (arg.hasOwnProperty('v') || arg.hasOwnProperty('t') || arg.hasOwnProperty('value') || arg.hasOwnProperty('type'))) {
        type = arg.hasOwnProperty('t') ? arg.t : arg.type;
        value = arg.hasOwnProperty('v') ? arg.v : arg.value;

    // otherwise try to guess the type
    } else {

        type = utils.toHex(arg, true);
        value = utils.toHex(arg);

        if (!type.startsWith('int') && !type.startsWith('uint')) {
            type = 'bytes';
        }
    }

    if ((type.startsWith('int') || type.startsWith('uint')) &&  typeof value === 'string' && !/^(-)?0x/i.test(value)) {
        value = new BN(value);
    }

    // get the array size
    if(_.isArray(value)) {
        arraySize = _parseTypeNArray(type);
        if(arraySize && value.length !== arraySize) {
            throw new Error(type +' is not matching the given array '+ JSON.stringify(value));
        } else {
            arraySize = value.length;
        }
    }


    if (_.isArray(value)) {
        hexArg = value.map(function (val) {
            return _solidityPack(type, val, arraySize).toString('hex').replace('0x','');
        });
        return hexArg.join('');
    } else {
        hexArg = _solidityPack(type, value, arraySize);
        return hexArg.toString('hex').replace('0x','');
    }

};

/**
 * Hashes solidity values to a sha3 hash using keccak 256
 *
 * @method soliditySha3
 * @return {Object} the sha3
 */
var soliditySha3 = function () {
    /*jshint maxcomplexity:false */

    var args = Array.prototype.slice.call(arguments);

    var hexArgs = _.map(args, _processSoliditySha3Args);

    // console.log(args, hexArgs);
    // console.log('0x'+ hexArgs.join(''));

    return utils.sha3('0x'+ hexArgs.join(''));
};


module.exports = soliditySha3;

},{"./utils.js":60,"bn.js":5,"underscore":56}],60:[function(require,module,exports){
/*
 This file is part of web3.js.

 web3.js is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
 it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
 the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
 (at your option) any later version.

 web3.js is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
 but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
 MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
 GNU Lesser General Public License for more details.

 You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
 along with web3.js.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
 */
/**
 * @file utils.js
 * @author Fabian Vogelsteller <fabian@ethereum.org>
 * @date 2017
 */

var _ = require('underscore');
var BN = require('bn.js');
var numberToBN = require('number-to-bn');
var utf8 = require('utf8');
var Hash = require("eth-lib/lib/hash");


/**
 * Returns true if object is BN, otherwise false
 *
 * @method isBN
 * @param {Object} object
 * @return {Boolean}
 */
var isBN = function (object) {
    return object instanceof BN ||
        (object && object.constructor && object.constructor.name === 'BN');
};

/**
 * Returns true if object is BigNumber, otherwise false
 *
 * @method isBigNumber
 * @param {Object} object
 * @return {Boolean}
 */
var isBigNumber = function (object) {
    return object && object.constructor && object.constructor.name === 'BigNumber';
};

/**
 * Takes an input and transforms it into an BN
 *
 * @method toBN
 * @param {Number|String|BN} number, string, HEX string or BN
 * @return {BN} BN
 */
var toBN = function(number){
    try {
        return numberToBN.apply(null, arguments);
    } catch(e) {
        throw new Error(e + ' Given value: "'+ number +'"');
    }
};


/**
 * Takes and input transforms it into BN and if it is negative value, into two's complement
 *
 * @method toTwosComplement
 * @param {Number|String|BN} number
 * @return {String}
 */
var toTwosComplement = function (number) {
    return '0x'+ toBN(number).toTwos(256).toString(16, 64);
};

/**
 * Checks if the given string is an address
 *
 * @method isAddress
 * @param {String} address the given HEX address
 * @return {Boolean}
 */
var isAddress = function (address) {
    // check if it has the basic requirements of an address
    if (!/^(0x)?[0-9a-f]{40}$/i.test(address)) {
        return false;
        // If it's ALL lowercase or ALL upppercase
    } else if (/^(0x|0X)?[0-9a-f]{40}$/.test(address) || /^(0x|0X)?[0-9A-F]{40}$/.test(address)) {
        return true;
        // Otherwise check each case
    } else {
        return checkAddressChecksum(address);
    }
};



/**
 * Checks if the given string is a checksummed address
 *
 * @method checkAddressChecksum
 * @param {String} address the given HEX address
 * @return {Boolean}
 */
var checkAddressChecksum = function (address) {
    // Check each case
    address = address.replace(/^0x/i,'');
    var addressHash = sha3(address.toLowerCase()).replace(/^0x/i,'');

    for (var i = 0; i < 40; i++ ) {
        // the nth letter should be uppercase if the nth digit of casemap is 1
        if ((parseInt(addressHash[i], 16) > 7 && address[i].toUpperCase() !== address[i]) || (parseInt(addressHash[i], 16) <= 7 && address[i].toLowerCase() !== address[i])) {
            return false;
        }
    }
    return true;
};

/**
 * Should be called to pad string to expected length
 *
 * @method leftPad
 * @param {String} string to be padded
 * @param {Number} chars that result string should have
 * @param {String} sign, by default 0
 * @returns {String} right aligned string
 */
var leftPad = function (string, chars, sign) {
    var hasPrefix = /^0x/i.test(string) || typeof string === 'number';
    string = string.toString(16).replace(/^0x/i,'');

    var padding = (chars - string.length + 1 >= 0) ? chars - string.length + 1 : 0;

    return (hasPrefix ? '0x' : '') + new Array(padding).join(sign ? sign : "0") + string;
};

/**
 * Should be called to pad string to expected length
 *
 * @method rightPad
 * @param {String} string to be padded
 * @param {Number} chars that result string should have
 * @param {String} sign, by default 0
 * @returns {String} right aligned string
 */
var rightPad = function (string, chars, sign) {
    var hasPrefix = /^0x/i.test(string) || typeof string === 'number';
    string = string.toString(16).replace(/^0x/i,'');

    var padding = (chars - string.length + 1 >= 0) ? chars - string.length + 1 : 0;

    return (hasPrefix ? '0x' : '') + string + (new Array(padding).join(sign ? sign : "0"));
};


/**
 * Should be called to get hex representation (prefixed by 0x) of utf8 string
 *
 * @method utf8ToHex
 * @param {String} str
 * @returns {String} hex representation of input string
 */
var utf8ToHex = function(str) {
    str = utf8.encode(str);
    var hex = "";

    // remove \u0000 padding from either side
    str = str.replace(/^(?:\u0000)*/,'');
    str = str.split("").reverse().join("");
    str = str.replace(/^(?:\u0000)*/,'');
    str = str.split("").reverse().join("");

    for(var i = 0; i < str.length; i++) {
        var code = str.charCodeAt(i);
        // if (code !== 0) {
        var n = code.toString(16);
        hex += n.length < 2 ? '0' + n : n;
        // }
    }

    return "0x" + hex;
};

/**
 * Should be called to get utf8 from it's hex representation
 *
 * @method hexToUtf8
 * @param {String} hex
 * @returns {String} ascii string representation of hex value
 */
var hexToUtf8 = function(hex) {
    if (!isHexStrict(hex))
        throw new Error('The parameter "'+ hex +'" must be a valid HEX string.');

    var str = "";
    var code = 0;
    hex = hex.replace(/^0x/i,'');

    // remove 00 padding from either side
    hex = hex.replace(/^(?:00)*/,'');
    hex = hex.split("").reverse().join("");
    hex = hex.replace(/^(?:00)*/,'');
    hex = hex.split("").reverse().join("");

    var l = hex.length;

    for (var i=0; i < l; i+=2) {
        code = parseInt(hex.substr(i, 2), 16);
        // if (code !== 0) {
        str += String.fromCharCode(code);
        // }
    }

    return utf8.decode(str);
};


/**
 * Converts value to it's number representation
 *
 * @method hexToNumber
 * @param {String|Number|BN} value
 * @return {String}
 */
var hexToNumber = function (value) {
    if (!value) {
        return value;
    }

    return toBN(value).toNumber();
};

/**
 * Converts value to it's decimal representation in string
 *
 * @method hexToNumberString
 * @param {String|Number|BN} value
 * @return {String}
 */
var hexToNumberString = function (value) {
    if (!value) return value;

    return toBN(value).toString(10);
};


/**
 * Converts value to it's hex representation
 *
 * @method numberToHex
 * @param {String|Number|BN} value
 * @return {String}
 */
var numberToHex = function (value) {
    if (_.isNull(value) || _.isUndefined(value)) {
        return value;
    }

    if (!isFinite(value) && !isHexStrict(value)) {
        throw new Error('Given input "'+value+'" is not a number.');
    }

    var number = toBN(value);
    var result = number.toString(16);

    return number.lt(new BN(0)) ? '-0x' + result.substr(1) : '0x' + result;
};


/**
 * Convert a byte array to a hex string
 *
 * Note: Implementation from crypto-js
 *
 * @method bytesToHex
 * @param {Array} bytes
 * @return {String} the hex string
 */
var bytesToHex = function(bytes) {
    for (var hex = [], i = 0; i < bytes.length; i++) {
        /* jshint ignore:start */
        hex.push((bytes[i] >>> 4).toString(16));
        hex.push((bytes[i] & 0xF).toString(16));
        /* jshint ignore:end */
    }
    return '0x'+ hex.join("");
};

/**
 * Convert a hex string to a byte array
 *
 * Note: Implementation from crypto-js
 *
 * @method hexToBytes
 * @param {string} hex
 * @return {Array} the byte array
 */
var hexToBytes = function(hex) {
    hex = hex.toString(16);

    if (!isHexStrict(hex)) {
        throw new Error('Given value "'+ hex +'" is not a valid hex string.');
    }

    hex = hex.replace(/^0x/i,'');

    for (var bytes = [], c = 0; c < hex.length; c += 2)
        bytes.push(parseInt(hex.substr(c, 2), 16));
    return bytes;
};

/**
 * Auto converts any given value into it's hex representation.
 *
 * And even stringifys objects before.
 *
 * @method toHex
 * @param {String|Number|BN|Object} value
 * @param {Boolean} returnType
 * @return {String}
 */
var toHex = function (value, returnType) {
    /*jshint maxcomplexity: false */

    if (isAddress(value)) {
        return returnType ? 'address' : '0x'+ value.toLowerCase().replace(/^0x/i,'');
    }

    if (_.isBoolean(value)) {
        return returnType ? 'bool' : value ? '0x01' : '0x00';
    }


    if (_.isObject(value) && !isBigNumber(value) && !isBN(value)) {
        return returnType ? 'string' : utf8ToHex(JSON.stringify(value));
    }

    // if its a negative number, pass it through numberToHex
    if (_.isString(value)) {
        if (value.indexOf('-0x') === 0 || value.indexOf('-0X') === 0) {
            return returnType ? 'int256' : numberToHex(value);
        } else if(value.indexOf('0x') === 0 || value.indexOf('0X') === 0) {
            return returnType ? 'bytes' : value;
        } else if (!isFinite(value)) {
            return returnType ? 'string' : utf8ToHex(value);
        }
    }

    return returnType ? (value < 0 ? 'int256' : 'uint256') : numberToHex(value);
};


/**
 * Check if string is HEX, requires a 0x in front
 *
 * @method isHexStrict
 * @param {String} hex to be checked
 * @returns {Boolean}
 */
var isHexStrict = function (hex) {
    return ((_.isString(hex) || _.isNumber(hex)) && /^(-)?0x[0-9a-f]*$/i.test(hex));
};

/**
 * Check if string is HEX
 *
 * @method isHex
 * @param {String} hex to be checked
 * @returns {Boolean}
 */
var isHex = function (hex) {
    return ((_.isString(hex) || _.isNumber(hex)) && /^(-0x|0x)?[0-9a-f]*$/i.test(hex));
};


/**
 * Returns true if given string is a valid Ethereum block header bloom.
 *
 * TODO UNDOCUMENTED
 *
 * @method isBloom
 * @param {String} hex encoded bloom filter
 * @return {Boolean}
 */
var isBloom = function (bloom) {
    if (!/^(0x)?[0-9a-f]{512}$/i.test(bloom)) {
        return false;
    } else if (/^(0x)?[0-9a-f]{512}$/.test(bloom) || /^(0x)?[0-9A-F]{512}$/.test(bloom)) {
        return true;
    }
    return false;
};

/**
 * Returns true if given string is a valid log topic.
 *
 * TODO UNDOCUMENTED
 *
 * @method isTopic
 * @param {String} hex encoded topic
 * @return {Boolean}
 */
var isTopic = function (topic) {
    if (!/^(0x)?[0-9a-f]{64}$/i.test(topic)) {
        return false;
    } else if (/^(0x)?[0-9a-f]{64}$/.test(topic) || /^(0x)?[0-9A-F]{64}$/.test(topic)) {
        return true;
    }
    return false;
};


/**
 * Hashes values to a sha3 hash using keccak 256
 *
 * To hash a HEX string the hex must have 0x in front.
 *
 * @method sha3
 * @return {String} the sha3 string
 */
var SHA3_NULL_S = '0xc5d2460186f7233c927e7db2dcc703c0e500b653ca82273b7bfad8045d85a470';

var sha3 = function (value) {
    if (isBN(value)) {
        value = value.toString();
    }

    if (isHexStrict(value) && /^0x/i.test((value).toString())) {
        value = hexToBytes(value);
    }

    var returnValue = Hash.keccak256(value); // jshint ignore:line

    if(returnValue === SHA3_NULL_S) {
        return null;
    } else {
        return returnValue;
    }
};
// expose the under the hood keccak256
sha3._Hash = Hash;


module.exports = {
    BN: BN,
    isBN: isBN,
    isBigNumber: isBigNumber,
    toBN: toBN,
    isAddress: isAddress,
    isBloom: isBloom, // TODO UNDOCUMENTED
    isTopic: isTopic, // TODO UNDOCUMENTED
    checkAddressChecksum: checkAddressChecksum,
    utf8ToHex: utf8ToHex,
    hexToUtf8: hexToUtf8,
    hexToNumber: hexToNumber,
    hexToNumberString: hexToNumberString,
    numberToHex: numberToHex,
    toHex: toHex,
    hexToBytes: hexToBytes,
    bytesToHex: bytesToHex,
    isHex: isHex,
    isHexStrict: isHexStrict,
    leftPad: leftPad,
    rightPad: rightPad,
    toTwosComplement: toTwosComplement,
    sha3: sha3
};

},{"bn.js":5,"eth-lib/lib/hash":26,"number-to-bn":40,"underscore":56,"utf8":57}],61:[function(require,module,exports){
const bel = require('bel')
const csjs = require('csjs-inject')
const inputAddress = require("input-address")
const inputInteger = require("input-integer")
const inputBoolean = require("input-boolean")
const inputString = require("input-string")
const inputByte = require("input-byte")
const validator = require('solidity-validator')

module.exports = displayArrayInput

function displayArrayInput ({ theme: { classes: css, colors }, type, cb, focus, blur }) {
  const container = bel`<div class=${css.arrayContainer}></div>`
  const arr = getParsedArray(type) // uint8[2][3][] returns  ['', 3, 2]
  next({ container, arr, cb })
  return container
  function next ({ container, arr, cb }) {
    var len = arr.shift()
    if (len === '') {
      len = 1
      container.appendChild(plusMinus({ container, arr, cb }))
    }
    for (var i = 0; i < len; i++) append({ container, arr: [...arr], cb })
  }
  function append ({ container, arr, cb }) {
    if (arr.length) { // recursive step
      const innerContainer = bel`<div class="${css.arrayContainer}"></div>`
      container.appendChild(innerContainer)
      next({ container: innerContainer, arr, cb, blur })
    } else { // final step (stop recursion)
      container.appendChild(returnInputFields({ classes: css, colors }, type, cb, focus, blur))
    }
  }
  function plusMinus ({ container, arr, cb }) {
    return bel`<div class=${css.arrayPlusMinus}>
        <i class="${css.arrayMinus} fa fa-minus" onclick=${e=>removeLast(container)}></i>
        <i class="${css.arrayPlus} fa fa-plus" onclick=${e=>append({ container, arr: [...arr], cb })}></i>
      </div>`
  }
  function removeLast (node) {
    if (node.children.length > 2) node.removeChild(node.lastChild)
  }
}
function returnInputFields (theme, type, cb, focus, blur) {
  if (type.includes("int")) return inputInteger({ theme, type, cb, focus, blur })
  else if (type.includes("byte")) return inputByte({ theme, type, cb, focus, blur })
  else if (type.includes("string")) return inputString({ theme, type, cb, focus, blur })
  else if (type.includes("bool")) return inputBoolean({ theme, type, cb, focus, blur })
  else if (type.includes("fixed")) return inputInteger({ theme, type, cb, focus, blur })
  else if (type.includes("address")) return inputAddress({ theme, type, cb, focus, blur })
}
function getParsedArray (type) {
  const arr = []
  const i = type.search(/\[/) // find where array starts (bool[2][])
  const basicType = type.split('[')[0] // split to get basic type (bool, uint8)
  const suffix = type.slice(i) // slice to get the remaining part = suffix ([2][][][])
  suffix.split('][').forEach((x, i)=>{
    if (x.search(/\d/) != -1) { arr.push(x.charAt(x.search(/\d/))) }  // if digit is present, push the digit
    else { arr.push('') } // if no, push empty string
  })
  return arr.reverse()
}

},{"bel":3,"csjs-inject":9,"input-address":31,"input-boolean":32,"input-byte":33,"input-integer":35,"input-string":36,"solidity-validator":44}]},{},[1]);