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<!DOCTYPE html>
<html class="theme-next muse use-motion" lang="zh-Hans">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8"/>
<meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge" />
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<meta name="theme-color" content="#222">
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<meta name="keywords" content="Hexo, NexT" />
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<meta property="og:site_name" content="思義">
<meta property="og:description">
<meta name="twitter:card" content="summary">
<meta name="twitter:title" content="思義">
<meta name="twitter:description">
<script type="text/javascript" id="hexo.configurations">
var NexT = window.NexT || {};
var CONFIG = {
root: '/',
scheme: 'Muse',
sidebar: {"position":"left","display":"post","offset":12,"offset_float":12,"b2t":false,"scrollpercent":false,"onmobile":false},
fancybox: true,
tabs: true,
motion: true,
duoshuo: {
userId: '0',
author: '博主'
},
algolia: {
applicationID: '',
apiKey: '',
indexName: '',
hits: {"per_page":10},
labels: {"input_placeholder":"Search for Posts","hits_empty":"We didn't find any results for the search: ${query}","hits_stats":"${hits} results found in ${time} ms"}
}
};
</script>
<link rel="canonical" href="/"/>
<title>思義</title>
</head>
<body itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/WebPage" lang="zh-Hans">
<div class="container sidebar-position-left
page-home
">
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<main id="main" class="main">
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<article class="post post-type-normal" itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/Article">
<div class="post-block">
<link itemprop="mainEntityOfPage" href="/2017/08/08/如何学习/">
<span hidden itemprop="author" itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/Person">
<meta itemprop="name" content="思義">
<meta itemprop="description" content="">
<meta itemprop="image" content="http://7xkeje.com1.z0.glb.clouddn.com/Brue%20Lee.jpg">
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</span>
<header class="post-header">
<h1 class="post-title" itemprop="name headline">
<a class="post-title-link" href="/2017/08/08/如何学习/" itemprop="url">《如何学习》笔记</a></h1>
<div class="post-meta">
<span class="post-time">
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<i class="fa fa-calendar-o"></i>
</span>
<span class="post-meta-item-text">发表于</span>
<time title="创建于" itemprop="dateCreated datePublished" datetime="2017-08-08T21:39:53+08:00">
Aug 8 2017
</time>
</span>
<span class="post-category" >
<span class="post-meta-divider">|</span>
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<i class="fa fa-folder-o"></i>
</span>
<span class="post-meta-item-text">分类于</span>
<span itemprop="about" itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/Thing">
<a href="/categories/orgmode/" itemprop="url" rel="index">
<span itemprop="name">orgmode</span>
</a>
</span>
</span>
</div>
</header>
<div class="post-body" itemprop="articleBody">
<div id="outline-container-sec-1" class="outline-2">
<h2 id="sec-1"><span class="section-number-2">1</span> 我阅读这篇文章的目的是什么</h2>
<div class="outline-text-2" id="text-1">
<ul class="org-ul">
<li>必须将目的具体化
</li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
<div id="outline-container-sec-2" class="outline-2">
<h2 id="sec-2"><span class="section-number-2">2</span> 关于这个话题，我已经知道些什么</h2>
<div class="outline-text-2" id="text-2">
<ul class="org-ul">
<li>热身可以促使你提出问题
</li>
<li>热身可以使你清楚地知道自己的“知”与“不知”
</li>
<li>热身可以让你进入寻找新信息的状态
</li>
<li>热身可以有效训练利用已有的知识
</li>
<li>热身也是一次复习
</li>
<li>热身能让你成为权威专家
</li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
<div id="outline-container-sec-3" class="outline-2">
<h2 id="sec-3"><span class="section-number-2">3</span> 这篇文章的主要内容是什么</h2>
<div class="outline-text-2" id="text-3">
</div><div id="outline-container-sec-3-1" class="outline-3">
<h3 id="sec-3-1"><span class="section-number-3">3.1</span> 需要留意</h3>
<div class="outline-text-3" id="text-3-1">
<ul class="org-ul">
<li>主要观点及主题
</li>
<li>重要术语及概念
</li>
<li>总体结构
</li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div id="outline-container-sec-4" class="outline-2">
<h2 id="sec-4"><span class="section-number-2">4</span> 作者接下来要说什么</h2>
<div class="outline-text-2" id="text-4">
</div><div id="outline-container-sec-4-1" class="outline-3">
<h3 id="sec-4-1"><span class="section-number-3">4.1</span> 线索</h3>
<div class="outline-text-3" id="text-4-1">
<ul class="org-ul">
<li>难题后面跟着解决方案
</li>
<li>定义后面跟着例子
</li>
<li>一般原则后面跟着特殊原则
</li>
<li>声明后面跟着理由
</li>
<li>整体后面跟着局部
</li>
<li>问题后面跟着答案
</li>
<li>原因后面跟着影响
</li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div id="outline-container-sec-5" class="outline-2">
<h2 id="sec-5"><span class="section-number-2">5</span> “专业问题”是什么</h2>
<div class="outline-text-2" id="text-5">
<p>
每一个科目自身有一套独特的问题，为了弄懂这个科目需要系统的思考这些问题
</p>
</div>
<div id="outline-container-sec-5-1" class="outline-3">
<h3 id="sec-5-1"><span class="section-number-3">5.1</span> 如何确定专业问题</h3>
<div class="outline-text-3" id="text-5-1">
<ul class="org-ul">
<li>每个章节总结里的问题
</li>
<li>课后习题
</li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
<div id="outline-container-sec-5-2" class="outline-3">
<h3 id="sec-5-2"><span class="section-number-3">5.2</span> 导读问题</h3>
<div class="outline-text-3" id="text-5-2">
<ul class="org-ul">
<li>他的定义是什么
</li>
<li>可以举一个关于他的例子
</li>
<li>它有哪些不同类型
</li>
<li>它跟什么有联系
</li>
<li>可以拿它与什么相比较
</li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div id="outline-container-sec-6" class="outline-2">
<h2 id="sec-6"><span class="section-number-2">6</span> 针对这些信息，我能提出什么问题</h2>
<div class="outline-text-2" id="text-6">
</div><div id="outline-container-sec-6-1" class="outline-3">
<h3 id="sec-6-1"><span class="section-number-3">6.1</span> 什么是好问题</h3>
<div class="outline-text-3" id="text-6-1">
<ul class="org-ul">
<li>又如何
</li>
<li>谁说的
</li>
<li>假如
</li>
<li>这让我想起了什么
</li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div id="outline-container-sec-7" class="outline-2">
<h2 id="sec-7"><span class="section-number-2">7</span> 这篇文章里哪些是重要信息</h2>
<div class="outline-text-2" id="text-7">
<blockquote>
<p>
辩论的艺术在于把握主体的关键点，要紧紧抓住可以说明整体的主要观点，
同时要坚持在这几个主要观点的基础上去组织其他的观点。只有通过不断
的练习，意识到抓住主要观点的重要性， 才能成为一名最佳辩手。
</p>
</blockquote>
<p>
不要没头脑地反复重读你之前的笔记，你应该不断地对你的笔记进行改进和浓缩。
</p>
</div>
</div>
<div id="outline-container-sec-8" class="outline-2">
<h2 id="sec-8"><span class="section-number-2">8</span> 针对这些信息，我要如何进行改术和总结</h2>
<div class="outline-text-2" id="text-8">
</div><div id="outline-container-sec-8-1" class="outline-3">
<h3 id="sec-8-1"><span class="section-number-3">8.1</span> 记阅读笔记：基本要点</h3>
<div class="outline-text-3" id="text-8-1">
<ul class="org-ul">
<li>不要一句句地阅读并记笔记
</li>
<li>不要看教科书，凭你的记忆来记笔记
</li>
<li>组织你的笔记，要形成清晰的结构，并不是简单的列举
</li>
<li>将表格、图表、图片及示意转换成文字
</li>
<li>活用活页纸
</li>
<li>不要重新抄笔记
</li>
<li>不要在电脑上记录记得笔记
</li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div id="outline-container-sec-9" class="outline-2">
<h2 id="sec-9"><span class="section-number-2">9</span> 我应该如何组织这些信息</h2>
<div class="outline-text-2" id="text-9">
<ul class="org-ul">
<li>把教科书放在一边
</li>
</ul>
</div>
<div id="outline-container-sec-9-1" class="outline-3">
<h3 id="sec-9-1"><span class="section-number-3">9.1</span> 分组与重新分组</h3>
<div class="outline-text-3" id="text-9-1">
<ul class="org-ul">
<li>可以用多少种不同的方式来比较各条信息
</li>
<li>那些内容有相似之处
</li>
<li>那些内容是不一样的
</li>
<li>那些内容彼此密切相关
</li>
<li>根据专业问题和导读问题，不一样的内容有什么不同之处
</li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div id="outline-container-sec-10" class="outline-2">
<h2 id="sec-10"><span class="section-number-2">10</span> 我如何用图表来说明这些问题</h2>
<div class="outline-text-2" id="text-10">
<p>
一张图片胜过一千字
</p>
</div>
</div>
<div id="outline-container-sec-11" class="outline-2">
<h2 id="sec-11"><span class="section-number-2">11</span> 对我而言，这些信息的记忆点是什么</h2>
<div class="outline-text-2" id="text-11">
<p>
被动重复的方式是没有用处的
</p>
</div>
<div id="outline-container-sec-11-1" class="outline-3">
<h3 id="sec-11-1"><span class="section-number-3">11.1</span> 帮助记忆的四个窍门</h3>
<div class="outline-text-3" id="text-11-1">
<ul class="org-ul">
<li>图片
</li>
<li>模式
</li>
<li>节奏
</li>
<li>故事
</li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div id="outline-container-sec-12" class="outline-2">
<h2 id="sec-12"><span class="section-number-2">12</span> 这些信息如何才能与我已知的只是结合起来</h2>
</div>
</div>
<footer class="post-footer">
<div class="post-eof"></div>
</footer>
</div>
</article>
<article class="post post-type-normal" itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/Article">
<div class="post-block">
<link itemprop="mainEntityOfPage" href="/2017/03/14/Deep work/">
<span hidden itemprop="author" itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/Person">
<meta itemprop="name" content="思義">
<meta itemprop="description" content="">
<meta itemprop="image" content="http://7xkeje.com1.z0.glb.clouddn.com/Brue%20Lee.jpg">
</span>
<span hidden itemprop="publisher" itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/Organization">
<meta itemprop="name" content="思義">
</span>
<header class="post-header">
<h1 class="post-title" itemprop="name headline">
<a class="post-title-link" href="/2017/03/14/Deep work/" itemprop="url">Deep work 笔记</a></h1>
<div class="post-meta">
<span class="post-time">
<span class="post-meta-item-icon">
<i class="fa fa-calendar-o"></i>
</span>
<span class="post-meta-item-text">发表于</span>
<time title="创建于" itemprop="dateCreated datePublished" datetime="2017-03-14T00:01:07+08:00">
Mar 14 2017
</time>
</span>
</div>
</header>
<div class="post-body" itemprop="articleBody">
<div id="outline-container-sec-1" class="outline-2">
<h2 id="sec-1"><span class="section-number-2">1</span> Deep Work 和 Shadow Work</h2>
<div class="outline-text-2" id="text-1">
</div><div id="outline-container-sec-1-1" class="outline-3">
<h3 id="sec-1-1"><span class="section-number-3">1.1</span> Deep Work</h3>
<div class="outline-text-3" id="text-1-1">
<p>
Professional activities performed in a state if distraction-free that push your cognitive capabilities
to their limit. These efforts creat bew value, improve your skill
</p>
</div>
</div>
<div id="outline-container-sec-1-2" class="outline-3">
<h3 id="sec-1-2"><span class="section-number-3">1.2</span> Shadow Work</h3>
<div class="outline-text-3" id="text-1-2">
<p>
Noncognitively damanding, logistical-style tasks, often performed while distracted. These efforts tend
to not creat much value and are <b><b>easy to replicated</b></b>
</p>
<p>
由于现在的世界充斥着网络，导致我们的文化不断向Shadow Work所转变
"Financial Consultant"(理财顾问）这类工作被计算机程序所取代("Klude together" Excel script)
Excel 中一个叫做 "macros"的功能能让6小时的工作量只需要按一个回车就能解决。
</p>
</div>
</div>
<div id="outline-container-sec-1-3" class="outline-3">
<h3 id="sec-1-3"><span class="section-number-3">1.3</span> Deep Work Hypothesis</h3>
<div class="outline-text-3" id="text-1-3">
<p>
it is becoming increasingly valuable in our economy,
the few who cultivate this skill,and the make it the core of their working life, will thrive
</p>
</div>
</div>
<div id="outline-container-sec-1-4" class="outline-3">
<h3 id="sec-1-4"><span class="section-number-3">1.4</span> High-Skilled Work</h3>
<div class="outline-text-3" id="text-1-4">
<p>
data visualization, analytics, high speed communication, rapid prototyping….
More abstract and data-driven reasoning
</p>
</div>
</div>
<div id="outline-container-sec-1-5" class="outline-3">
<h3 id="sec-1-5"><span class="section-number-3">1.5</span> Winner-take-all</h3>
<div class="outline-text-3" id="text-1-5">
<p>
在新的社会体制下，这三类人占有巨大的优势
Those who can work well and creatively with intelligent machines,
those who are the best at what they do
those with access to capital
</p>
</div>
</div>
<div id="outline-container-sec-1-6" class="outline-3">
<h3 id="sec-1-6"><span class="section-number-3">1.6</span> How to Become a Winner in the New Economy</h3>
<div class="outline-text-3" id="text-1-6">
<ol class="org-ol">
<li>The ability to quickly master hard things
</li>
<li>The ability to produce at an elite level, in terms if both quality and speed
</li>
</ol>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div id="outline-container-sec-2" class="outline-2">
<h2 id="sec-2"><span class="section-number-2">2</span> 刻意练习(deliberate practice)</h2>
<div class="outline-text-2" id="text-2">
<ol class="org-ol">
<li>你的注意力能集中在你想要增强的能力上
</li>
<li>你能随时收到反馈并且正确把注意力放在最有效率的地方
</li>
</ol>
<p>
为了快速学习难的东西的时候，你必须注意力集中，不能分心，所以这种“学习”也是一种"Deep Work"
</p>
<p>
高质量的工作产出 = 所花的时间 * 注意力集中的程度
</p>
<p>
当你从任务A转到任务B时,你的注意力不会立即集中在任务B上，(remain stuck thinking about original task)
为了在注意力最高峰的时候有产出，你必须在单一的任务上保持集中，不能有任何分心的事或人。(Deep Work)
</p>
</div>
</div>
<div id="outline-container-sec-3" class="outline-2">
<h2 id="sec-3"><span class="section-number-2">3</span> Deep Work is rare</h2>
<div class="outline-text-2" id="text-3">
</div><div id="outline-container-sec-3-1" class="outline-3">
<h3 id="sec-3-1"><span class="section-number-3">3.1</span> The Metric Black Hole</h3>
<div class="outline-text-3" id="text-3-1">
<p>
depth-destroying behaviors 摧毁深度工作的行为
</p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div id="outline-container-sec-4" class="outline-2">
<h2 id="sec-4"><span class="section-number-2">4</span> Deep Work is Meaninngful</h2>
<div class="outline-text-2" id="text-4">
</div><div id="outline-container-sec-4-1" class="outline-3">
<h3 id="sec-4-1"><span class="section-number-3">4.1</span> Deep Work 神经科学</h3>
<div class="outline-text-3" id="text-4-1">
<p>
我们的大脑对于周围世界的认知基于我们把注意力放在哪里,如果我们把注意力集中在癌症诊断上，生活就会变得不幸福和黑暗
如果你的注意力放在马提尼酒上就会越开心（pleasant)
</p>
<p>
If you spend enough time in this state(deep work),your mind will understand your world as rich
in meaning and importance.
所以培养Deep work的状态很重要，Deep work lead to happer life
</p>
<p>
现在的许多知识工作者把注意力放在消极的消息上了
</p>
</div>
</div>
<div id="outline-container-sec-4-2" class="outline-3">
<h3 id="sec-4-2"><span class="section-number-3">4.2</span> Deep Work 心理学</h3>
<div class="outline-text-3" id="text-4-2">
<p>
Deep Work 类似于“心流”的状态。
心流：在有目标，及时反馈，有挑战的任务中，忘记了时间的流逝，自己完全沉浸的状态
</p>
<p>
To build your working life around experience of flow produced by deep work is a proven path to deep satisfaction
</p>
</div>
</div>
<div id="outline-container-sec-4-3" class="outline-3">
<h3 id="sec-4-3"><span class="section-number-3">4.3</span> Deep Work 的哲学</h3>
<div class="outline-text-3" id="text-4-3">
<blockquote>
<p>
Beautiful code is short and concise, so if you were to give that code
to another programmer they say, "Oh, that's well written code." It's
much like as if were written a poem
</p>
</blockquote>
<p>
Deep Work 会对所从事的事有种荣誉感和满足感，认为是具有美感的，艺术的。
A deep life is a good life, any way you look at it
</p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div id="outline-container-sec-5" class="outline-2">
<h2 id="sec-5"><span class="section-number-2">5</span> Work Deeply</h2>
<div class="outline-text-2" id="text-5">
</div><div id="outline-container-sec-5-1" class="outline-3">
<h3 id="sec-5-1"><span class="section-number-3">5.1</span> 如何培养deep work</h3>
<div class="outline-text-3" id="text-5-1">
<ol class="org-ol">
<li>good intenions
</li>
<li>add routines
</li>
<li>rituals to your working life
</li>
</ol>
</div>
</div>
<div id="outline-container-sec-5-2" class="outline-3">
<h3 id="sec-5-2"><span class="section-number-3">5.2</span> 打造属于你自己的deep work</h3>
<div class="outline-text-3" id="text-5-2">
</div><div id="outline-container-sec-5-2-1" class="outline-4">
<h4 id="sec-5-2-1"><span class="section-number-4">5.2.1</span> The Monastic philosophy of deep work scheduling</h4>
</div>
<div id="outline-container-sec-5-2-2" class="outline-4">
<h4 id="sec-5-2-2"><span class="section-number-4">5.2.2</span> The Bimodal Philosophy of deep work scheduling</h4>
</div>
<div id="outline-container-sec-5-2-3" class="outline-4">
<h4 id="sec-5-2-3"><span class="section-number-4">5.2.3</span> The Rhythmic Philosophy of deep work scheduling</h4>
</div>
<div id="outline-container-sec-5-2-4" class="outline-4">
<h4 id="sec-5-2-4"><span class="section-number-4">5.2.4</span> The Journalistic Philosophy of deep work scheduling</h4>
</div>
</div>
<div id="outline-container-sec-5-3" class="outline-3">
<h3 id="sec-5-3"><span class="section-number-3">5.3</span> Ritualize 仪式化</h3>
<div class="outline-text-3" id="text-5-3">
<blockquote>
<p>
等待灵感的到来，是一个非常糟糕，糟糕的计划
</p>
</blockquote>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div id="outline-container-sec-6" class="outline-2">
<h2 id="sec-6"><span class="section-number-2">6</span> Deep Work 和 Shadow Work</h2>
<div class="outline-text-2" id="text-6">
</div><div id="outline-container-sec-6-1" class="outline-3">
<h3 id="sec-6-1"><span class="section-number-3">6.1</span> Deep Work</h3>
<div class="outline-text-3" id="text-6-1">
<p>
Professional activities performed in a state if distraction-free that push your cognitive capabilities
to their limit. These efforts creat bew value, improve your skill
</p>
</div>
</div>
<div id="outline-container-sec-6-2" class="outline-3">
<h3 id="sec-6-2"><span class="section-number-3">6.2</span> Shadow Work</h3>
<div class="outline-text-3" id="text-6-2">
<p>
Noncognitively damanding, logistical-style tasks, often performed while distracted. These efforts tend
to not creat much value and are <b><b>easy to replicated</b></b>
</p>
<p>
由于现在的世界充斥着网络，导致我们的文化不断向Shadow Work所转变
"Financial Consultant"(理财顾问）这类工作被计算机程序所取代("Klude together" Excel script)
Excel 中一个叫做 "macros"的功能能让6小时的工作量只需要按一个回车就能解决。
</p>
</div>
</div>
<div id="outline-container-sec-6-3" class="outline-3">
<h3 id="sec-6-3"><span class="section-number-3">6.3</span> Deep Work Hypothesis</h3>
<div class="outline-text-3" id="text-6-3">
<p>
it is becoming increasingly valuable in our economy,
the few who cultivate this skill,and the make it the core of their working life, will thrive
</p>
</div>
</div>
<div id="outline-container-sec-6-4" class="outline-3">
<h3 id="sec-6-4"><span class="section-number-3">6.4</span> High-Skilled Work</h3>
<div class="outline-text-3" id="text-6-4">
<p>
data visualization, analytics, high speed communication, rapid prototyping….
More abstract and data-driven reasoning
</p>
</div>
</div>
<div id="outline-container-sec-6-5" class="outline-3">
<h3 id="sec-6-5"><span class="section-number-3">6.5</span> Winner-take-all</h3>
<div class="outline-text-3" id="text-6-5">
<p>
在新的社会体制下，这三类人占有巨大的优势
Those who can work well and creatively with intelligent machines,
those who are the best at what they do
those with access to capital
</p>
</div>
</div>
<div id="outline-container-sec-6-6" class="outline-3">
<h3 id="sec-6-6"><span class="section-number-3">6.6</span> How to Become a Winner in the New Economy</h3>
<div class="outline-text-3" id="text-6-6">
<ol class="org-ol">
<li>The ability to quickly master hard things
</li>
<li>The ability to produce at an elite level, in terms if both quality and speed
</li>
</ol>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div id="outline-container-sec-7" class="outline-2">
<h2 id="sec-7"><span class="section-number-2">7</span> 刻意练习(deliberate practice)</h2>
<div class="outline-text-2" id="text-7">
<ol class="org-ol">
<li>你的注意力能集中在你想要增强的能力上
</li>
<li>你能随时收到反馈并且正确把注意力放在最有效率的地方
</li>
</ol>
<p>