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01GENBSB.usfm
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\id GEN - Berean Standard Bible
\h Genesis
\toc2 Genesis
\toc1 Genesis
\toc2 Genesis
\toc3 Genesis
\mt1 Genesis
\c 1
\s1 The Creation
\r (John 1:1–5; Hebrews 11:1–3)
\p
\v 1 In the beginning God created the heavens and the earth.
\p
\v 2 Now the earth was formless and void, and darkness was over the surface of the deep. And the Spirit of God was hovering over the surface of the waters.
\s2 The First Day
\pi1
\v 3 And God said, “Let there be light,”\f + \fr 1:3 \ft Cited in \+xt 2 Corinthians 4:6\+xt*\f* and there was light.
\v 4 And God saw that the light was good, and He separated the light from the darkness.
\v 5 God called the light “day,” and the darkness He called “night.”
\pi1 And there was evening, and there was morning—the first day.\f + \fr 1:5 \ft Literally \fqa day one\f*
\s2 The Second Day
\pi1
\v 6 And God said, “Let there be an expanse\f + \fr 1:6 \ft Or \fqa a canopy \ft or \fqa a firmament \ft or \fqa a vault\ft ; also in verses 7, 8, 14, 15, 17, and 20\f* between the waters, to separate the waters from the waters.”
\v 7 So God made the expanse and separated the waters beneath it from the waters above. And it was so.
\v 8 God called the expanse “sky.”
\pi1 And there was evening, and there was morning—the second day.
\s2 The Third Day
\pi1
\v 9 And God said, “Let the waters under the sky be gathered into one place, so that the dry land may appear.” And it was so.
\v 10 God called the dry land “earth,” and the gathering of waters He called “seas.” And God saw that it was good.
\pi1
\v 11 Then God said, “Let the earth bring forth vegetation: seed-bearing plants and fruit trees, each bearing fruit with seed according to its kind.” And it was so.
\v 12 The earth produced vegetation: seed-bearing plants according to their kinds and trees bearing fruit with seed according to their kinds. And God saw that it was good.
\pi1
\v 13 And there was evening, and there was morning—the third day.
\s2 The Fourth Day
\pi1
\v 14 And God said, “Let there be lights in the expanse of the sky to distinguish between the day and the night, and let them be signs to mark the seasons and days and years.
\v 15 And let them serve as lights in the expanse of the sky to shine upon the earth.” And it was so.
\pi1
\v 16 God made two great lights: the greater light to rule the day and the lesser light to rule the night. And He made the stars as well.
\pi1
\v 17 God set these lights in the expanse of the sky to shine upon the earth,
\v 18 to preside over the day and the night, and to separate the light from the darkness. And God saw that it was good.
\pi1
\v 19 And there was evening, and there was morning—the fourth day.
\s2 The Fifth Day
\pi1
\v 20 And God said, “Let the waters teem with living creatures, and let birds fly above the earth in the open expanse of the sky.”
\v 21 So God created the great sea creatures and every living thing that moves, with which the waters teemed according to their kinds, and every bird of flight after its kind. And God saw that it was good.
\pi1
\v 22 Then God blessed them and said, “Be fruitful and multiply and fill the waters of the seas, and let birds multiply on the earth.”
\pi1
\v 23 And there was evening, and there was morning—the fifth day.
\s2 The Sixth Day
\pi1
\v 24 And God said, “Let the earth bring forth living creatures according to their kinds: livestock, land crawlers, and beasts of the earth according to their kinds.” And it was so.
\v 25 God made the beasts of the earth according to their kinds, the livestock according to their kinds, and everything that crawls upon the earth according to its kind. And God saw that it was good.
\pi1
\v 26 Then God said, “Let Us make man in Our image, after Our likeness, to rule over the fish of the sea and the birds of the air, over the livestock, and over all the earth itself\f + \fr 1:26 \ft MT; Syriac \fqa and over all the beasts of the earth\f* and every creature that crawls upon it.”
\q1
\v 27 So God created man in His own image;
\q2 in the image of God He created him;
\q2 male and female He created them.\f + \fr 1:27 \ft Cited in \+xt Matthew 19:4\+xt* and \+xt Mark 10:6\+xt*\f*
\pi1
\v 28 God blessed them and said to them, “Be fruitful and multiply, and fill the earth and subdue it; rule over the fish of the sea and the birds of the air and every creature that crawls upon the earth.”
\pi1
\v 29 Then God said, “Behold, I have given you every seed-bearing plant on the face of all the earth, and every tree whose fruit contains seed. They will be yours for food.
\v 30 And to every beast of the earth and every bird of the air and every creature that crawls upon the earth—everything that has the breath of life in it—I have given every green plant for food.” And it was so.
\pi1
\v 31 And God looked upon all that He had made, and indeed, it was very good.
\pi1 And there was evening, and there was morning—the sixth day.
\c 2
\s1 The Seventh Day
\r (Exodus 16:22–30; Hebrews 4:1–11)
\p
\v 1 Thus the heavens and the earth were completed in all their vast array.
\v 2 And by the seventh day God had finished the work He had been doing; so on that day He rested from all His work.\f + \fr 2:2 \ft Cited in \+xt Hebrews 4:4\+xt*\f*
\p
\v 3 Then God blessed the seventh day and sanctified it, because on that day He rested from all the work of creation that He had accomplished.
\s1 Man and Woman in the Garden
\p
\v 4 This is the account of the heavens and the earth when they were created, in the day that the \nd Lord\nd*\f + \fr 2:4 \fq \+nd Lord\+nd*\ft or \fq \+nd God\+nd*\ft , with capital letters, represents the proper name of the God of Israel and the one true God, transliterated from the Hebrew as \fqa YHWH\ft ; here and throughout the Scriptures.\f* God made them.
\p God made them.
\p
\v 5 Now no shrub of the field had yet appeared on the earth, nor had any plant of the field sprouted; for the \nd Lord\nd* God had not yet sent rain upon the earth, and there was no man to cultivate the ground.
\v 6 But springs\f + \fr 2:6 \ft Or \fqa mist\f* welled up from the earth and watered the whole surface of the ground.
\p
\v 7 Then the \nd Lord\nd* God formed man from the dust of the ground and breathed the breath of life into his nostrils, and the man became a living being.\f + \fr 2:7 \ft Or \fqa a living soul\ft ; cited in \+xt 1 Corinthians 15:45\+xt*\f*
\p
\v 8 And the \nd Lord\nd* God planted a garden in Eden, in the east, where He placed the man He had formed.
\v 9 Out of the ground the \nd Lord\nd* God gave growth to every tree that is pleasing to the eye and good for food. And in the middle of the garden were the tree of life and the tree of the knowledge of good and evil.
\p
\v 10 Now a river flowed out of Eden to water the garden, and from there it branched into four headwaters:
\li1
\v 11 The name of the first river is Pishon; it winds through the whole land of Havilah, where there is gold.
\v 12 And the gold of that land is pure, and bdellium and onyx are found there.
\li1
\v 13 The name of the second river is Gihon; it winds through the whole land of Cush.
\li1
\v 14 The name of the third river is Hiddekel; it runs along the east side of Assyria.
\li1 And the fourth river is the Euphrates.
\b
\p
\v 15 Then the \nd Lord\nd* God took the man and placed him in the Garden of Eden to cultivate and keep it.
\p
\v 16 And the \nd Lord\nd* God commanded him, “You may eat freely from every tree of the garden,
\v 17 but you must not eat from the tree of the knowledge of good and evil; for in the day that you eat of it, you will surely die.”
\p
\v 18 The \nd Lord\nd* God also said, “It is not good for the man to be alone. I will make for him a suitable helper.”
\p
\v 19 And out of the ground the \nd Lord\nd* God formed every beast of the field and every bird of the air, and He brought them to the man to see what he would name each one. And whatever the man called each living creature, that was its name.
\v 20 The man gave names to all the livestock, to the birds of the air, and to every beast of the field. But for Adam\f + \fr 2:20 \ft Or \fqa the man\ft , as in verses 19 and 21\f* no suitable helper was found.
\p
\v 21 So the \nd Lord\nd* God caused the man to fall into a deep sleep, and while he slept, He took one of the manʼs ribs\f + \fr 2:21 \ft Or \fqa took part of the manʼs side\ft ; similarly in verse 22\f* and closed up the area with flesh.
\v 22 And from the rib that the \nd Lord\nd* God had taken from the man, He made a woman and brought her to him.
\v 23 And the man said:
\q1 “This is now bone of my bones
\q2 and flesh of my flesh;
\q1 she shall be called ‘woman,’
\q2 for out of man she was taken.”
\p
\v 24 For this reason a man will leave his father and mother and be united to his wife, and they will become one flesh.\f + \fr 2:24 \ft LXX \fqa and the two will become one flesh\ft ; cited in \+xt Matthew 19:5,\+xt* \+xt Mark 10:7–8,\+xt* \+xt 1 Corinthians 6:16,\+xt* and \+xt Ephesians 5:31\+xt*\f*
\p
\v 25 And the man and his wife were both naked, and they were not ashamed.
\c 3
\s1 The Serpentʼs Deception
\r (Romans 5:12–21)
\p
\v 1 Now the serpent\f + \fr 3:1 \ft Hebrew \fqa nachash\ft , translated in this chapter as \fqa serpent\ft , is translated in most cases as \fqa snake\ft .\f* was more crafty than any beast of the field that the \nd Lord\nd* God had made. And he said to the woman, “Did God really say, ‘You must not eat from any tree in the garden?’”
\p
\v 2 The woman answered the serpent, “We may eat the fruit of the trees of the garden,
\v 3 but about the fruit of the tree in the middle of the garden, God has said, ‘You must not eat of it or touch it, or you will die.’”
\p
\v 4 “You will not surely die,” the serpent told the woman.
\v 5 “For God knows that in the day you eat of it, your eyes will be opened and you will be like God, knowing good and evil.”
\p
\v 6 When the woman saw that the tree was good for food and pleasing to the eyes, and that it was desirable for obtaining wisdom, she took the fruit and ate it. She also gave some to her husband who was with her, and he ate it.
\p
\v 7 And the eyes of both of them were opened, and they knew that they were naked; so they sewed together fig leaves and made coverings for themselves.
\s1 God Arraigns Adam and Eve
\p
\v 8 Then the man and his wife heard the voice of the \nd Lord\nd* God walking in the garden in the breeze\f + \fr 3:8 \ft Or \fqa at the breezy (time)\ft ; Hebrew \fqa unto the Ruach\f* of the day, and they hid themselves from the presence of the \nd Lord\nd* God among the trees of the garden.
\p
\v 9 But the \nd Lord\nd* God called out to the man, “Where are you?”
\p
\v 10 “I heard Your voice in the garden,” he replied, “and I was afraid because I was naked; so I hid myself.”
\p
\v 11 “Who told you that you were naked?” asked the \nd Lord\nd* God. “Have you eaten from the tree of which I commanded you not to eat?”
\p
\v 12 And the man answered, “The woman whom You gave me, she gave me fruit from the tree, and I ate it.”
\p
\v 13 Then the \nd Lord\nd* God said to the woman, “What is this you have done?”
\p “The serpent deceived me,” she replied, “and I ate.”
\s1 The Fate of the Serpent
\p
\v 14 So the \nd Lord\nd* God said to the serpent:
\q1 “Because you have done this,
\q2 cursed are you above all livestock
\q2 and every beast of the field!
\q1 On your belly will you go,
\q2 and dust you will eat,
\q2 all the days of your life.
\q1
\v 15 And I will put enmity between you and the woman,
\q2 and between your seed and her seed.
\q1 He will crush your head,
\q2 and you will strike his heel.\f + \fr 3:15 \ft Or \fqa He will bruise your head, and you will bruise his heel\ft . The same Hebrew root for \fqa crush\ft , \fqa bruise\ft , or \fqa strike\ft appears twice in this verse.\f*”
\s1 The Punishment of Mankind
\p
\v 16 To the woman He said:
\q1 “I will sharply increase your pain in childbirth;
\q2 in pain you will bring forth children.
\q1 Your desire will be for your husband,\f + \fr 3:16 \ft Or \fqa You will desire to control your husband\f*
\q2 and he will rule over you.”
\p
\v 17 And to Adam He said:
\q1 “Because you have listened to the voice of your wife
\q2 and have eaten from the tree
\q2 of which I commanded you not to eat,
\q1 cursed is the ground because of you;
\q2 through toil you will eat of it
\q2 all the days of your life.
\q1
\v 18 Both thorns and thistles it will yield for you,
\q2 and you will eat the plants of the field.
\q1
\v 19 By the sweat of your brow
\q2 you will eat your bread,
\q1 until you return to the ground—
\q2 because out of it were you taken.
\q1 For dust you are,
\q2 and to dust you shall return.”
\p
\v 20 And Adam named his wife Eve,\f + \fr 3:20 \ft Eve sounds like the Hebrew for \fqa giving life or living.\f* because she would be the mother of all the living.
\s1 The Expulsion from Paradise
\p
\v 21 And the \nd Lord\nd* God made garments of skin for Adam and his wife, and He clothed them.
\p
\v 22 Then the \nd Lord\nd* God said, “Behold, the man has become like one of Us, knowing good and evil. And now, lest he reach out his hand and take also from the tree of life, and eat, and live forever...”
\p
\v 23 Therefore the \nd Lord\nd* God banished him from the Garden of Eden to work the ground from which he had been taken.
\v 24 So He drove out the man and stationed cherubim on the east side of the Garden of Eden, along with a whirling sword of flame to guard the way to the tree of life.
\c 4
\s1 Cain and Abel
\r (Hebrews 11:4)
\p
\v 1 And Adam had relations with his wife Eve, and she conceived and gave birth to Cain.\f + \fr 4:1 \fq Cain \ft sounds like the Hebrew for \fqa acquired \ft or \fqa brought forth\ft .\f*
\p “With the help of the \nd Lord\nd* I have brought forth a man,” she said.
\p
\v 2 Later she gave birth to Cainʼs brother Abel.
\p Now Abel was a keeper of sheep, while Cain was a tiller of the soil.
\v 3 So in the course of time, Cain brought some of the fruit of the soil as an offering to the \nd Lord\nd*,
\v 4 while Abel brought the best portions of the firstborn of his flock.
\p And the \nd Lord\nd* looked with favor on Abel and his offering,
\v 5 but He had no regard for Cain and his offering. So Cain became very angry, and his countenance fell.
\p
\v 6 “Why are you angry,” said the \nd Lord\nd* to Cain, “and why has your countenance fallen?
\v 7 If you do what is right, will you not be accepted? But if you refuse to do what is right, sin is crouching at your door; it desires you,\f + \fr 4:7 \ft Or \fqa it desires to control you\f* but you must master it.”
\p
\v 8 Then Cain said to his brother Abel, “Let us go out to the field.”\f + \fr 4:8 \ft SP, LXX, Syriac, and Vulgate; Hebrew \fqa Then Cain spoke to his brother Abel.\f* And while they were in the field, Cain rose up against his brother Abel and killed him.
\p
\v 9 And the \nd Lord\nd* said to Cain, “Where is your brother Abel?”
\p “I do not know!” he answered. “Am I my brotherʼs keeper?”
\p
\v 10 “What have you done?” replied the \nd Lord\nd*. “The voice of your brotherʼs blood cries out to Me from the ground.
\v 11 Now you are cursed and banished from the ground, which has opened its mouth to receive your brotherʼs blood from your hand.
\v 12 When you till the ground, it will no longer yield its produce to you. You will be a fugitive and a wanderer on the earth.”
\p
\v 13 But Cain said to the \nd Lord\nd*, “My punishment\f + \fr 4:13 \ft Or \fqa guilt \ft or \fqa sin\f* is greater than I can bear.
\v 14 Behold, this day You have driven me from the face of the earth, and from Your face I will be hidden; I will be a fugitive and a wanderer on the earth, and whoever finds me will kill me.”
\p
\v 15 “Not so!”\f + \fr 4:15 \ft LXX, Vulgate, and Syriac; Hebrew \fqa “Very well!” \ft or \fqa “Therefore:”\f* replied the \nd Lord\nd*. “If anyone slays Cain, then Cain will be avenged sevenfold.” And the \nd Lord\nd* placed a mark on Cain, so that no one who found him would kill him.
\p
\v 16 So Cain went out from the presence of the \nd Lord\nd* and settled in the land of Nod,\f + \fr 4:16 \fq Nod \ft means \fqa wandering\ft .\f* east of Eden.
\s1 The Descendants of Cain
\p
\v 17 And Cain had relations with his wife, and she conceived and gave birth to Enoch. Then Cain built a city and named it after his son Enoch.
\p
\v 18 Now to Enoch was born Irad, and Irad was the father of Mehujael, and Mehujael was the father of Methusael, and Methusael was the father of Lamech.
\v 19 And Lamech married two women, one named Adah and the other Zillah.
\p
\v 20 Adah gave birth to Jabal; he was the father of those who dwell in tents and raise livestock.
\v 21 And his brotherʼs name was Jubal; he was the father of all who play the harp and flute.
\p
\v 22 And Zillah gave birth to Tubal-cain, a forger of every implement of bronze and iron. And the sister of Tubal-cain was Naamah.
\p
\v 23 Then Lamech said to his wives:
\q1 “Adah and Zillah, hear my voice;
\q2 wives of Lamech, listen to my speech.
\q1 For I have slain a man for wounding me,
\q2 a young man for striking me.
\q1
\v 24 If Cain is avenged sevenfold,
\q2 then Lamech seventy-sevenfold.”\f + \fr 4:24 \ft Hebrew; LXX can be translated as either \fqa seventy times seven or seventy-sevenfold\ft ; see also \+xt Matthew 18:22\+xt*.\f*
\s1 Seth and Enosh
\p
\v 25 And Adam again had relations with his wife, and she gave birth to a son and named him Seth,\f + \fr 4:25 \fqa Seth \ft probably means \fqa granted \ft or \fqa appointed\ft .\f* saying, “God has granted me another seed in place of Abel, since Cain killed him.”
\p
\v 26 And to Seth also a son was born, and he called him Enosh.
\p At that time men began to call upon\f + \fr 4:26 \ft Or \fqa to proclaim\ft ; some translators \fqa to invoke \ft or \fqa to call themselves by \ft or \fqa to profane\f* the name of the \nd Lord\nd*.
\c 5
\s1 The Descendants of Adam
\r (1 Chronicles 1:1–3)
\p
\v 1 This is the book of the generations of Adam. In the day that God created man, He made him in His own likeness.
\v 2 Male and female He created them,\f + \fr 5:2 \ft Cited in \+xt Matthew 19:4\+xt* and \+xt Mark 10:6\+xt*\f* and He blessed them. And in the day they were created, He called them “man.”\f + \fr 5:2 \ft Hebrew \fqa Adam\f*
\p
\v 3 When Adam was 130 years old, he had a son in his own likeness, after his own image; and he named him Seth.
\v 4 And after he had become the father of Seth, Adam lived 800 years and had other sons and daughters.
\v 5 So Adam lived a total of 930 years, and then he died.
\p
\v 6 When Seth was 105 years old, he became the father of Enosh.
\v 7 And after he had become the father of Enosh, Seth lived 807 years and had other sons and daughters.
\v 8 So Seth lived a total of 912 years, and then he died.
\p
\v 9 When Enosh was 90 years old, he became the father of Kenan.
\v 10 And after he had become the father of Kenan, Enosh lived 815 years and had other sons and daughters.
\v 11 So Enosh lived a total of 905 years, and then he died.
\p
\v 12 When Kenan was 70 years old, he became the father of Mahalalel.
\v 13 And after he had become the father of Mahalalel, Kenan lived 840 years and had other sons and daughters.
\v 14 So Kenan lived a total of 910 years, and then he died.
\p
\v 15 When Mahalalel was 65 years old, he became the father of Jared.
\v 16 And after he had become the father of Jared, Mahalalel lived 830 years and had other sons and daughters.
\v 17 So Mahalalel lived a total of 895 years, and then he died.
\s1 God Takes Up Enoch
\r (Hebrews 11:5)
\p
\v 18 When Jared was 162 years old, he became the father of Enoch.
\v 19 And after he had become the father of Enoch, Jared lived 800 years and had other sons and daughters.
\v 20 So Jared lived a total of 962 years, and then he died.
\p
\v 21 When Enoch was 65 years old, he became the father of Methuselah.
\v 22 And after he had become the father of Methuselah, Enoch walked with God\f + \fr 5:22 \ft LXX \fqa pleased God\ft ; also in verse 24\f* 300 years and had other sons and daughters.
\v 23 So Enoch lived a total of 365 years.
\p
\v 24 Enoch walked with God, and then he was no more, because God had taken him away.\f + \fr 5:24 \ft LXX \fqa and he was not found, because God had taken him away\ft ; cited in \+xt Hebrews 11:5\+xt*\f*
\s1 From Methuselah to Noah
\p
\v 25 When Methuselah was 187 years old, he became the father of Lamech.
\v 26 And after he had become the father of Lamech, Methuselah lived 782 years and had other sons and daughters.
\v 27 So Methuselah lived a total of 969 years, and then he died.
\p
\v 28 When Lamech was 182 years old, he had a son.
\v 29 And he named him Noah,\f + \fr 5:29 \fqa Noah \ft sounds like the Hebrew for \fqa rest \ft or \fqa comfort\ft .\f* saying, “May this one comfort us in the labor and toil of our hands caused by the ground that the \nd Lord\nd* has cursed.”
\v 30 And after he had become the father of Noah, Lamech lived 595 years and had other sons and daughters.
\v 31 So Lamech lived a total of 777 years, and then he died.
\p
\v 32 After Noah was 500 years old, he became the father of Shem, Ham, and Japheth.
\c 6
\s1 Corruption on the Earth
\r (Matthew 24:36–51)
\p
\v 1 Now when men began to multiply on the face of the earth and daughters were born to them,
\v 2 the sons of God saw that the daughters of men were beautiful, and they took as wives whomever they chose.
\p
\v 3 So the \nd Lord\nd* said, “My Spirit will not contend with man forever,\f + \fr 6:3 \ft LXX and Syriac \fqa My Spirit will not remain in man forever\f* for he is mortal; his days shall be 120 years.”
\p
\v 4 The Nephilim were on the earth in those days—and afterward as well—when the sons of God had relations with the daughters of men. And they bore them children who became the mighty men of old, men of renown.
\p
\v 5 Then the \nd Lord\nd* saw that the wickedness of man was great upon the earth, and that every inclination of the thoughts of his heart was altogether evil all the time.
\v 6 And the \nd Lord\nd* regretted that He had made man on the earth, and He was grieved in His heart.
\v 7 So the \nd Lord\nd* said, “I will blot out man, whom I have created, from the face of the earth—every man and beast and crawling creature and bird of the air—for I am grieved that I have made them.”
\s1 Noahʼs Favor with God
\p
\v 8 Noah, however, found favor in the eyes of the \nd Lord\nd*.
\p
\v 9 This is the account of Noah. Noah was a righteous man, blameless in his generation; Noah walked with God.
\v 10 And Noah had three sons: Shem, Ham, and Japheth.
\p
\v 11 Now the earth was corrupt in the sight of God, and full of violence.
\v 12 And God looked upon the earth and saw that it was corrupt; for all living creatures\f + \fr 6:12 \ft Literally \fqa all flesh\ft ; similarly in verses 13, 17, and 19\f* on the earth had corrupted their ways.
\s1 Preparing the Ark
\r (Hebrews 11:7)
\p
\v 13 Then God said to Noah, “The end of all living creatures has come before Me, because through them the earth is full of violence. Now behold, I will destroy both them and the earth.
\p
\v 14 Make for yourself an ark of gopher wood;\f + \fr 6:14 \fq Gopher \ft is an unknown kind of tree; possibly \fqa cypress \ft or \fqa cedar\ft .\f* make rooms in the ark and coat it with pitch inside and out.
\v 15 And this is how you are to build it: The ark is to be 300 cubits long, 50 cubits wide, and 30 cubits high.\f + \fr 6:15 \ft The ark was approximately 450 feet long, 75 feet wide, and 45 feet high (137.2 meters long, 22.9 meters wide, and 13.7 meters high).\f*
\v 16 You are to make a roof\f + \fr 6:16 \ft Or \fqa skylight or window\f* for the ark, finish its walls a cubit from the top,\f + \fr 6:16 \fq A cubit \ft is approximately 18 inches or 45.7 centimeters.\f* place a door in the side of the ark, and build lower, middle, and upper decks.
\p
\v 17 And behold, I will bring floodwaters upon the earth to destroy every creature under the heavens that has the breath of life. Everything on the earth will perish.
\v 18 But I will establish My covenant with you, and you will enter the ark—you and your sons and your wife and your sonsʼ wives with you.
\p
\v 19 And you are to bring two of every living creature into the ark—male and female—to keep them alive with you.
\v 20 Two of every kind of bird and animal and crawling creature will come to you to be kept alive.
\v 21 You are also to take for yourself every kind of food that is eaten and gather it as food for yourselves and for the animals.”
\p
\v 22 So Noah did everything precisely as God had commanded him.
\c 7
\s1 The Great Flood
\r (2 Peter 3:1–7)
<<<<<<< HEAD
\p
\v 1 Then the \nd Lord\nd* said to Noah, “Go into the ark, you and all your family, because I have found you righteous in this generation.
\v 2 You are to take with you seven pairs of\f + \fr 7:2 \ft Or \fqa by sevens\ft ; also in verse 3\f* every kind of clean animal, a male and its mate; a pair of every kind of unclean animal, a male and its mate;
\v 3 and seven pairs of every kind of bird of the air, male and female, to preserve their offspring on the face of all the earth.
\v 4 For seven days from now I will send rain on the earth for forty days and forty nights, and I will wipe from the face of the earth every living thing I have made.”
\p
\v 5 And Noah did all that the \nd Lord\nd* had commanded him.
\p
\v 6 Now Noah was 600 years old when the floodwaters came upon the earth.
\v 7 And Noah and his wife, with his sons and their wives, entered the ark to escape the waters of the flood.
\v 8 The clean and unclean animals, the birds, and everything that crawls along the ground
\v 9 came to Noah to enter the ark, two by two, male and female, as God had commanded Noah.
\p
\v 10 And after seven days the floodwaters came upon the earth.
\v 11 In the six hundredth year of Noahʼs life, on the seventeenth day of the second month, all the fountains of the great deep burst forth, and the floodgates of the heavens were opened.
\v 12 And the rain fell upon the earth for forty days and forty nights.
\p
\v 13 On that very day Noah entered the ark, along with his sons Shem, Ham, and Japheth, and his wife, and the three wives of his sons—
\v 14 they and every kind of wild animal, livestock, crawling creature, bird, and winged creature.
\v 15 They came to Noah to enter the ark, two by two of every creature\f + \fr 7:15 \ft Literally \fqa of all flesh\ft ; similarly in verses 16 and 21\f* with the breath of life.
\v 16 And they entered, the male and female of every living thing, as God had commanded Noah. Then the \nd Lord\nd* shut him in.
\p
\v 17 For forty days the flood kept coming on the earth, and the waters rose and lifted the ark high above the earth.
\v 18 So the waters continued to surge and rise greatly on the earth, and the ark floated on the surface of the waters.
\v 19 Finally, the waters completely prevailed upon the earth, so that all the high mountains under all the heavens were covered.
\p
\v 20 The waters rose and covered the mountaintops to a depth of fifteen cubits.\f + \fr 7:20 \fq 15 cubits \ft is approximately 22.5 feet or 6.9 meters.\f*
\v 21 And every living thing that moved upon the earth perished—birds, livestock, animals, every creature that swarms upon the earth, and all mankind.
\v 22 Of all that was on dry land, everything that had the breath of life in its nostrils died.
\v 23 And every living thing on the face of the earth was destroyed—man and livestock, crawling creatures and birds of the air; they were blotted out from the earth, and only Noah and those with him in the ark remained.
\p
\v 24 And the waters prevailed upon the earth for 150 days.
\c 8
\s1 The Ark Rests on Ararat
\p
\v 1 But God remembered Noah and all the animals and livestock that were with him in the ark. And God sent a wind over the earth, and the waters began to subside.
\v 2 The springs of the deep and the floodgates of the heavens were closed, and the rain from the sky was restrained.
\v 3 The waters receded steadily from the earth, and after 150 days the waters had gone down.
\p
\v 4 On the seventeenth day of the seventh month, the ark came to rest on the mountains of Ararat.
\v 5 And the waters continued to recede until the tenth month, and on the first day of the tenth month the tops of the mountains became visible.
\s1 Noah Sends a Raven and a Dove
\p
\v 6 After forty days Noah opened the window he had made in the ark
\v 7 and sent out a raven. It kept flying back and forth until the waters had dried up from the earth.
\p
\v 8 Then Noah sent out\f + \fr 8:8 \ft Literally \fqa sent out from him or sent out from it\f* a dove to see if the waters had receded from the surface of the ground.
\v 9 But the dove found no place to rest her foot, and she returned to him in the ark, because the waters were still covering the surface of all the earth. So he reached out his hand and brought her back inside the ark.
\p
\v 10 Noah waited seven more days and again sent out the dove from the ark.
\v 11 And behold, the dove returned to him in the evening with a freshly plucked olive leaf in her beak. So Noah knew that the waters had receded from the earth.
\p
\v 12 And Noah waited seven more days and sent out the dove again, but this time she did not return to him.
\s1 Exiting the Ark
\p
\v 13 In Noahʼs six hundred and first year, on the first day of the first month, the waters had dried up from the earth. So Noah removed the covering from the ark and saw that the surface of the ground was dry.
\v 14 By the twenty-seventh day of the second month, the earth was fully dry.
\p
\v 15 Then God said to Noah,
\v 16 “Come out of the ark, you and your wife, along with your sons and their wives.
\v 17 Bring out all the living creatures that are with you—birds, livestock, and everything that crawls upon the ground—so that they can spread out over the earth and be fruitful and multiply upon it.”
\p
\v 18 So Noah came out, along with his sons and his wife and his sonsʼ wives.
\v 19 Every living creature, every creeping thing, and every bird—everything that moves upon the earth—came out of the ark, kind by kind.
\s1 Noah Builds an Altar
\p
\v 20 Then Noah built an altar to the \nd Lord\nd*. And taking from every kind of clean animal and clean bird, he offered burnt offerings on the altar.
\v 21 When the \nd Lord\nd* smelled the pleasing aroma, He said in His heart, “Never again will I curse the ground because of man, even though every inclination of his heart is evil from his youth. And never again will I destroy all living creatures as I have done.
\q1
\v 22 As long as the earth endures,
\q2 seedtime and harvest,
\q1 cold and heat,
\q2 summer and winter,
\q1 day and night
\q2 shall never cease.”
\c 9
\s1 The Covenant of the Rainbow
\p
\v 1 And God blessed Noah and his sons and said to them, “Be fruitful and multiply and fill the earth.
\v 2 The fear and dread of you will fall on every living creature on the earth, every bird of the air, every creature that crawls on the ground, and all the fish of the sea. They are delivered into your hand.
\v 3 Everything that lives and moves will be food for you; just as I gave you the green plants, I now give you all things.
\v 4 But you must not eat meat with its lifeblood still in it.
\v 5 And surely I will require the life of any man or beast by whose hand your lifeblood is shed. I will demand an accounting from anyone who takes the life of his fellow man:
\q1
\v 6 Whoever sheds the blood of man,
\q2 by man his blood will be shed;
\q1 for in His own image
\q2 God has made mankind.
\q1
\v 7 But as for you,
\q2 be fruitful and multiply;
\q1 spread out across the earth
\q2 and multiply upon it.”
\p
\v 8 Then God said to Noah and his sons with him,
\v 9 “Behold, I now establish My covenant with you and your descendants after you,
\v 10 and with every living creature that was with you—the birds, the livestock, and every beast of the earth—every living thing that came out of the ark.
\v 11 And I establish My covenant with you: Never again will all life be cut off by the waters of a flood; never again will there be a flood to destroy the earth.”
\p
\v 12 And God said, “This is the sign of the covenant I am making between Me and you and every living creature with you, a covenant for all generations to come:
\v 13 I have set My rainbow in the clouds, and it will be a sign of the covenant between Me and the earth.
\p
\v 14 Whenever I form clouds over the earth and the rainbow appears in the clouds,
\v 15 I will remember My covenant between Me and you and every living creature of every kind. Never again will the waters become a flood to destroy all life.
\v 16 And whenever the rainbow appears in the clouds, I will see it and remember the everlasting covenant between God and every living creature of every kind that is on the earth.”
\p
\v 17 So God said to Noah, “This is the sign of the covenant that I have established between Me and every creature on the earth.”
\s1 Noahʼs Shame and Canaanʼs Curse
\p
\v 18 The sons of Noah who came out of the ark were Shem, Ham, and Japheth. And Ham was the father of Canaan.
\v 19 These three were the sons of Noah, and from them the whole earth was populated.
\p
\v 20 Now Noah, a man of the soil, proceeded\f + \fr 9:20 \ft Or \fqa was the first\f* to plant a vineyard.
\v 21 But when he drank some of its wine, he became drunk and uncovered himself inside his tent.
\v 22 And Ham, the father of Canaan, saw his fatherʼs nakedness and told his two brothers outside.
\p
\v 23 Then Shem and Japheth took a garment and placed it across their shoulders, and walking backward, they covered their fatherʼs nakedness. Their faces were turned away so that they did not see their fatherʼs nakedness.
\p
\v 24 When Noah awoke from his drunkenness and learned what his youngest son had done to him,
\v 25 he said,
\q1 “Cursed be Canaan!
\q2 A servant of servants
\q2 shall he be to his brothers.”
\s1 Shemʼs Blessing and Noahʼs Death
\p
\v 26 He also declared:
\q1 “Blessed be the \nd Lord\nd*, the God of Shem!
\q2 May Canaan be the servant of Shem.
\q1
\v 27 May God expand the territory of Japheth;\f + \fr 9:27 \fq Japheth \ft sounds like the Hebrew for \fqa expand\ft .\f*
\q2 may he dwell in the tents of Shem,
\q2 and may Canaan be his servant.”
\p
\v 28 After the flood, Noah lived 350 years.
\v 29 So Noah lived a total of 950 years, and then he died.
\c 10
\s1 The Table of Nations
\r (1 Chronicles 1:4–27)
\p
\v 1 This is the account of Noahʼs sons Shem, Ham, and Japheth, who also had sons after the flood.
\s2 The Japhethites
\p
\v 2 The sons of Japheth:
\pi1 Gomer, Magog, Madai, Javan, Tubal, Meshech, and Tiras.
\p
\v 3 The sons of Gomer:
\pi1 Ashkenaz, Riphath, and Togarmah.
\p
\v 4 And the sons of Javan:
\pi1 Elishah, Tarshish, the Kittites, and the Rodanites.\f + \fr 10:4 \ft SP and some MT manuscripts (see also LXX and \+xt 1 Chronicles 1:7\+xt*); most MT manuscripts \fqa Dodanites\f*
\v 5 From these, the maritime peoples separated into their territories, according to their languages, by clans within their nations.
\s2 The Hamites
\p
\v 6 The sons of Ham:
\pi1 Cush, Mizraim, Put, and Canaan.
\p
\v 7 The sons of Cush:
\pi1 Seba, Havilah, Sabtah,\f + \fr 10:7 \fq Sabtah \ft is a variant of \fqa Sabta\ft ; see \+xt 1 Chronicles 1:9\+xt*.\f* Raamah, and Sabteca.
\p And the sons of Raamah:
\pi1 Sheba and Dedan.
\p
\v 8 Cush was the father of Nimrod, who began to be a mighty one\f + \fr 10:8 \ft Or who established himself as a mighty warrior or who became the first fearless leader\f* on the earth.
\v 9 He was a mighty hunter before\f + \fr 10:9 \ft Or \fqa in defiance of\ft ; twice in this verse\f* the \nd Lord\nd*; so it is said, “Like Nimrod, a mighty hunter before the \nd Lord\nd*.”
\v 10 His kingdom began in Babylon, Erech, Accad, and Calneh, in the land of Shinar.\f + \fr 10:10 \ft That is, Babylonia\f*
\v 11 From that land he went forth into Assyria, where he built Nineveh, Rehoboth-Ir, Calah,
\v 12 and Resen, which is between Nineveh and the great city of Calah.
\p
\v 13 Mizraim was the father of the Ludites, the Anamites, the Lehabites, the Naphtuhites,
\v 14 the Pathrusites, the Casluhites (from whom the Philistines came), and the Caphtorites.\f + \fr 10:14 \ft Some translators adjust the Hebrew word order to \fqa the Casluhites, and the Caphtorites (from whom the Philistines came)\ft ; see also \+xt Jeremiah 47:4\+xt* and \+xt Amos 9:7\+xt*.\f*
\p
\v 15 And Canaan was the father of Sidon his firstborn,\f + \fr 10:15 \ft Or \fqa of the Sidonians, the foremost\f* and of the Hittites,
\v 16 the Jebusites, the Amorites, the Girgashites,
\v 17 the Hivites, the Arkites, the Sinites,
\v 18 the Arvadites, the Zemarites, and the Hamathites.
\p Later the Canaanite clans were scattered,
\v 19 and the borders of Canaan extended from Sidon toward Gerar as far as Gaza, and then toward Sodom, Gomorrah, Admah, and Zeboiim, as far as Lasha.
\p
\v 20 These are the sons of Ham according to their clans, languages, lands, and nations.
\s2 The Semites
\p
\v 21 And sons were also born to Shem, the older brother of Japheth;\f + \fr 10:21 \ft Or \fqa Shem, whose older brother was Japheth\f* Shem was the forefather of all the sons of Eber.
\p
\v 22 The sons of Shem:
\pi1 Elam, Asshur, Arphaxad, Lud, and Aram.
\p
\v 23 The sons of Aram:
\pi1 Uz, Hul, Gether, and Mash.\f + \fr 10:23 \ft Hebrew; LXX and \+xt 1 Chronicles 1:17\+xt* \fqa Meshech\f*
\p
\v 24 Arphaxad was the father of Shelah,\f + \fr 10:24 \ft Hebrew; LXX (see also \+xt Luke 3:35–36\+xt*) \fqa And Arphaxadwas the father of Cainan, and Cainan was the father of Shelah,\f* and Shelah was the father of Eber.
\p
\v 25 Two sons were born to Eber: One was named Peleg,\f + \fr 10:25 \fq Peleg \ft means \fqa division\ft .\f* because in his days the earth was
\p
\v 26 And Joktan was the father of Almodad, Sheleph, Hazarmaveth, Jerah,
\v 27 Hadoram, Uzal, Diklah,
\v 28 Obal, Abimael, Sheba,
\v 29 Ophir, Havilah, and Jobab. All these were sons of Joktan.
\v 30 Their territory extended from Mesha to Sephar, in the eastern hill country.
\p
\v 31 These are the sons of Shem, according to their clans, languages, lands, and nations.
\p
\v 32 All these are the clans of Noahʼs sons, according to their generations and nations. From these the nations of the earth spread out after the flood.
\c 11
\s1 The Tower of Babel
\r (Deuteronomy 32:8; Acts 2:1–13)
\p
\v 1 Now the whole world had one language and a common form of speech.
\v 2 And as people journeyed eastward,\f + \fr 11:2 \ft Or \fqa from the east or in the east\f* they found a plain in the land of Shinar\f + \fr 11:2 \ft That is, Babylonia\f* and settled there.
\p
\v 3 And they said to one another, “Come, let us make bricks and bake them thoroughly.” So they used brick instead of stone, and tar instead of mortar.
\p
\v 4 “Come,” they said, “let us build for ourselves a city with a tower that reaches to the heavens, that we may make a name for ourselves and not be scattered over the face of all the earth.”
\p
\v 5 Then the \nd Lord\nd* came down to see the city and the tower that the sons of men were building.
\v 6 And the \nd Lord\nd* said, “If they have begun to do this as one people speaking the same language, then nothing they devise will be beyond them.
\v 7 Come, let Us go down and confuse their language, so that they will not understand one anotherʼs speech.”
\p
\v 8 So the \nd Lord\nd* scattered them from there over the face of all the earth, and they stopped building the city.
\v 9 That is why it is called Babel,\f + \fr 11:9 \ft Or \fqa Babylon\ft ; the Hebrew word for \fq Babel \ft sounds like the Hebrew for \fqa confused\ft .\f* for there the \nd Lord\nd* confused the language of the whole world, and from that place the \nd Lord\nd* scattered them over the face of all the earth.
\s1 Genealogy from Shem to Abram
\r (1 Chronicles 1:17–27)
\p
\v 10 This is the account of Shem. Two years after the flood, when Shem was 100 years old, he became the father of Arphaxad.
\v 11 And after he had become the father of Arphaxad, Shem lived 500 years and had other sons and daughters.
\p
\v 12 When Arphaxad was 35 years old, he became the father of Shelah.
\v 13 And after he had become the father of Shelah, Arphaxad lived 403 years and had other sons and daughters.\f + \fr 11:13 \ft Hebrew; LXX (see also \+xt Luke 3:35–36\+xt*) \fq \+fv 12\+fv* When Arphaxad was 135 years old, he became the father of Cainan. \+fv 13\+fv* And after he had become the father of Cainan, Arphaxad lived 430 years and had other sons and daughters, and then he died. When Cainan had lived 130 years, he became the father of Shelah. And after he had become the father of Shelah, Cainan lived 330 years and had other sons and daughters. \ft Note that LXX also adds 100 years to the ages of Shelah, Eber, Peleg, Reu, Serug, and Nahor in this genealogy.\f*
\p
\v 14 When Shelah was 30 years old, he became the father of Eber.
\v 15 And after he had become the father of Eber, Shelah lived 403 years and had other sons and daughters.
\p
\v 16 When Eber was 34 years old, he became the father of Peleg.
\v 17 And after he had become the father of Peleg, Eber lived 430 years and had other sons and daughters.
\p
\v 18 When Peleg was 30 years old, he became the father of Reu.
\v 19 And after he had become the father of Reu, Peleg lived 209 years and had other sons and daughters.
\p
\v 20 When Reu was 32 years old, he became the father of Serug.
\v 21 And after he had become the father of Serug, Reu lived 207 years and had other sons and daughters.
\p
\v 22 When Serug was 30 years old, he became the father of Nahor.
\v 23 And after he had become the father of Nahor, Serug lived 200 years and had other sons and daughters.
\p
\v 24 When Nahor was 29 years old, he became the father of Terah.
\v 25 And after he had become the father of Terah, Nahor lived 119 years and had other sons and daughters.
\p
\v 26 When Terah was 70 years old, he became the father of Abram, Nahor, and Haran.
\s1 Terahʼs Descendants
\p
\v 27 This is the account of Terah. Terah became the father of Abram, Nahor, and Haran. And Haran became the father of Lot.
\v 28 During his father Terahʼs lifetime, Haran died in his native land, in Ur of the Chaldeans.
\p
\v 29 And Abram and Nahor took wives for themselves. Abramʼs wife was named Sarai, and Nahorʼs wife was named Milcah; she was the daughter of Haran, who was the father of both Milcah and Iscah.
\v 30 But Sarai was barren; she had no children.
\p
\v 31 And Terah took his son Abram, his grandson Lot son of Haran, and his daughter-in-law Sarai the wife of Abram, and they set out from Ur of the Chaldeans for the land of Canaan. But when they arrived in Haran, they settled there.
\v 32 Terah lived 205 years, and he died in Haran.
\c 12
\s1 The Call of Abram
\r (Genesis 26:1–5; Acts 7:1–8)
\p
\v 1 Then the \nd Lord\nd* said to Abram, “Leave your country, your kindred, and your fatherʼs household, and go to the land I will show you.\f + \fr 12:1 \ft Cited in \+xt Acts 7:3\+xt*\f*
\q1
\v 2 I will make you into a great nation,
\q2 and I will bless you;
\q1 I will make your name great,
\q2 so that you will be a blessing.
\q1
\v 3 I will bless those who bless you
\q2 and curse those who curse you;
\q1 and all the families of the earth
\q2 will be blessed through you.\f + \fr 12:3 \ft See \+xt Galatians 3:8\+xt*\f*”
\p
\v 4 So Abram departed, as the \nd Lord\nd* had directed him, and Lot went with him. Abram was seventy-five years old when he left Haran.
\v 5 And Abram took his wife Sarai, his nephew Lot, and all the possessions and people they had acquired in Haran, and set out for the land of Canaan.
\p When they came to the land of Canaan,
\v 6 Abram traveled through the land as far as the site of the Oak\f + \fr 12:6 \ft Or \fqa Terebinth \ft or \fqa Great Tree\f* of Moreh at Shechem. And at that time the Canaanites were in the land.
\p
\v 7 Then the \nd Lord\nd* appeared to Abram and said, “I will give this land to your offspring.\f + \fr 12:7 \ft Cited in \+xt Galatians 3:16\+xt*\f*” So Abram built an altar there to the \nd Lord\nd*, who had appeared to him.
\p
\v 8 From there Abram moved on to the hill country east of Bethel and pitched his tent, with Bethel to the west and Ai to the east. There he built an altar to the \nd Lord\nd*, and he called on the name of the \nd Lord\nd*.
\p
\v 9 And Abram journeyed on toward the Negev.
\s1 Abram and Sarai in Egypt
\p
\v 10 Now there was a famine in the land. So Abram went down to Egypt to live there for a while because the famine was severe.
\v 11 As he was about to enter Egypt, he said to his wife Sarai, “Look, I know that you are a beautiful woman,
\v 12 and when the Egyptians see you, they will say, ‘This is his wife.’ Then they will kill me but will let you live.
\v 13 Please say you are my sister, so that I will be treated well for your sake, and on account of you my life will be spared.”
\p
\v 14 So when Abram entered Egypt, the Egyptians saw that the woman was very beautiful.
\v 15 When Pharaohʼs officials saw Sarai, they commended her to him, and she was taken into the palace of Pharaoh.
\v 16 He treated Abram well on her account, and Abram acquired sheep and cattle, male and female donkeys, menservants and maidservants, and camels.
\p
\v 17 The \nd Lord\nd*, however, afflicted Pharaoh and his household with severe plagues because of Abramʼs wife Sarai.
\v 18 So Pharaoh summoned Abram and asked, “What have you done to me? Why didnʼt you tell me she was your wife?
\v 19 Why did you say, ‘She is my sister,’ so that I took her as my wife? Now then, here is your wife. Take her and go!”
\p
\v 20 Then Pharaoh gave his men orders concerning Abram, and they sent him away with his wife and all his possessions.
\c 13
\s1 Abram and Lot Part Ways
\p
\v 1 So Abram went up out of Egypt into the Negev—he and his wife and all his possessions—and Lot was with him.
\v 2 And Abram had become extremely wealthy in livestock and silver and gold.
\p
\v 3 From the Negev he journeyed from place to place toward Bethel, until he came to the place between Bethel and Ai where his tent had formerly been pitched,
\v 4 to the site where he had built the altar. And there Abram called on the name of the \nd Lord\nd*.
\p
\v 5 Now Lot, who was traveling with Abram, also had flocks and herds and tents.
\v 6 But the land was unable to support both of them while they stayed together, for they had so many possessions that they were unable to coexist.
\v 7 And there was discord between the herdsmen of Abram and the herdsmen of Lot. At that time the Canaanites and the Perizzites were also living in the land.
\p
\v 8 So Abram said to Lot, “Please let there be no contention between you and me, or between your herdsmen and my herdsmen. After all, we are kinsmen.
\v 9 Is not the whole land before you? Now separate yourself from me. If you go to the left, I will go to the right; if you go to the right, I will go to the left.”
\s1 Lot Proceeds toward Sodom
\p
\v 10 And Lot looked out and saw that the whole plain of the Jordan, all the way to Zoar, was well watered like the garden of the \nd Lord\nd*, like the land of Egypt. (This was before the \nd Lord\nd* destroyed Sodom and Gomorrah.)
\v 11 So Lot chose the whole plain of the Jordan for himself and set out toward the east. And Abram and Lot parted company.
\p
\v 12 Abram lived in the land of Canaan, but Lot settled in the cities of the plain and pitched his tent toward Sodom.
\v 13 But the men of Sodom were wicked, sinning greatly against the \nd Lord\nd*.
\s1 God Renews the Promise to Abram
\p
\v 14 After Lot had departed, the \nd Lord\nd* said to Abram, “Now lift up your eyes from the place where you are, and look to the north and south and east and west,
\v 15 for all the land that you see, I will give to you and your offspring forever.\f + \fr 13:15 \ft Cited in \+xt Galatians 3:16\+xt*\f*
\p
\v 16 I will make your offspring like the dust of the earth, so that if one could count the dust of the earth, then your offspring could be counted.
\v 17 Get up and walk around the land, through its length and breadth, for I will give it to you.”
\p
\v 18 So Abram moved his tent and went to live near the Oaks\f + \fr 13:18 \ft Or \fqa Terebinths \ft or \fqa Great Trees\f* of Mamre at Hebron, where he built an altar to the \nd Lord\nd*.
\c 14
\s1 The War of the Kings
\p
\v 1 In those days Amraphel king of Shinar,\f + \fr 14:1 \ft That is, Babylonia; also in verse 9\f* Arioch king of Ellasar, Chedorlaomer king of Elam, and Tidal king of Goiim
\v 2 went to war against Bera king of Sodom, Birsha king of Gomorrah, Shinab king of Admah, Shemeber king of Zeboiim, and the king of Bela (that is, Zoar).
\p
\v 3 The latter five came as allies to the Valley of Siddim (that is, the Salt Sea\f + \fr 14:3 \ft That is, the Dead Sea\f*).
\v 4 For twelve years they had been subject to Chedorlaomer, but in the thirteenth year they rebelled.
\p
\v 5 In the fourteenth year, Chedorlaomer and the kings allied with him went out and defeated the Rephaites in Ashteroth-karnaim, the Zuzites in Ham, the Emites in Shaveh-kiriathaim,
\v 6 and the Horites in the area of Mount Seir, as far as El-paran, which is near the desert.
\v 7 Then they turned back to invade En-mishpat (that is, Kadesh), and they conquered the whole territory of the Amalekites, as well as the Amorites who lived in Hazazon-tamar.
\p
\v 8 Then the king of Sodom, the king of Gomorrah, the king of Admah, the king of Zeboiim, and the king of Bela (that is, Zoar) marched out and arrayed themselves for battle in the Valley of Siddim\f + \fr 14:8 \ft That is, the Valley of the Dead Sea\f*
\v 9 against Chedorlaomer king of Elam, Tidal king of Goiim, Amraphel king of Shinar, and Arioch king of Ellasar—four kings against five.
\s1 Abram Rescues Lot
\p
\v 10 Now the Valley of Siddim was full of tar pits, and as the kings of Sodom and Gomorrah fled, some men fell into the pits, but the survivors fled to the hill country.
\p
\v 11 The four kings seized all the goods of Sodom and Gomorrah and all their food, and they went on their way.
\v 12 They also carried off Abramʼs nephew Lot and his possessions, since Lot was living in Sodom.
\p
\v 13 Then an escapee came and reported this to Abram the Hebrew. Now Abram was living near the Oaks\f + \fr 14:13 \ft Or \fqa Terebinths \ft or \fqa Great Trees\f* of Mamre the Amorite, a brother of Eshcol and Aner, all of whom were bound by treaty\f + \fr 14:13 \ft Forms of the Hebrew \fqa berit \ft are translated in most passages as \fqa covenant\ft .\f* to Abram.
\v 14 And when Abram heard that his relative had been captured, he mobilized the 318 trained men born in his household, and they set out in pursuit as far as Dan.
\p
\v 15 During the night, Abram divided his forces and routed Chedorlaomerʼs army, pursuing them as far as Hobah, north of Damascus.
\v 16 He retrieved all the goods, as well as his relative Lot and his possessions, together with the women and the rest of the people.
\s1 Melchizedek Blesses Abram
\r (Psalm 110:1–7; Hebrews 7:1–10)
\p
\v 17 After Abram returned from defeating Chedorlaomer and the kings allied with him, the king of Sodom went out to meet him in the Valley of Shaveh (that is, the Kingʼs Valley).
\p
\v 18 Then Melchizedek king of Salem brought out bread and wine—since he was priest of God Most High\f + \fr 14:18 \ft Hebrew \fqa El-Elyon\ft ; also in verses 19, 20, and 22; cited in \+xt Hebrews 7:1\+xt*\f*—
\v 19 and he blessed Abram and said:
\b
\q1 “Blessed be Abram by God Most High,
\q2 Creator of heaven and earth,
\q1
\v 20 and blessed be God Most High,
\q2 who has delivered your enemies into your hand.”
\p Then Abram gave Melchizedek a tenth of everything.
\p
\v 21 The king of Sodom said to Abram, “Give me the people, but take the goods for yourself.”
\p
\v 22 But Abram replied to the king of Sodom, “I have raised my hand to the \nd Lord\nd* God Most High, Creator of heaven and earth,
\v 23 that I will not accept even a thread, or a strap of a sandal, or anything that belongs to you, lest you should say, ‘I have made Abram rich.’
\v 24 I will accept nothing but what my men have eaten and the share for the men who went with me—Aner, Eshcol, and Mamre. They may take their portion.”
\c 15
\s1 Godʼs Covenant with Abram
\r (Romans 4:1–12; Hebrews 11:8–19)
\p
\v 1 After these events, the word of the \nd Lord\nd* came to Abram in a vision:
\q1 “Do not be afraid, Abram.
\q2 I am your shield,
\q2 your very great reward.”
\p
\v 2 But Abram replied, “O Lord \nd God\nd*, what can You give me, since I remain childless, and the heir of my house is Eliezer of Damascus?”
\v 3 Abram continued, “Behold, You have given me no offspring, so a servant in my household will be my heir.”
\p
\v 4 Then the word of the \nd Lord\nd* came to Abram, saying, “This one will not be your heir, but one who comes from your own body will be your heir.”
\v 5 And the \nd Lord\nd* took him outside and said, “Now look to the heavens and count the stars, if you are able.” Then He told him, “So shall your offspring be.”\f + \fr 15:5 \ft Cited in \+xt Romans 4:18\+xt*\f*
\p
\v 6 Abram believed the \nd Lord\nd*, and it was credited to him as righteousness.\f + \fr 15:6 \ft Cited in \+xt Romans 4:3,\+xt* \+xt Romans 4:22,\+xt* \+xt Galatians 3:6,\+xt* and \+xt James 2:23\+xt*\f*
\p
\v 7 The \nd Lord\nd* also told him, “I am the \nd Lord\nd*, who brought you out of Ur of the Chaldeans to give you this land to possess.”
\s1 God Confirms His Promise
\r (Numbers 34:1–15; Romans 4:13–25)
\p
\v 8 But Abram replied, “Lord \nd God\nd*, how can I know that I will possess it?”
\p
\v 9 And the \nd Lord\nd* said to him, “Bring Me a heifer, a goat, and a ram, each three years old, along with a turtledove and a young pigeon.”
\p
\v 10 So Abram brought all these to Him, split each of them down the middle, and laid the halves opposite each other. The birds, however, he did not cut in half.
\v 11 And the birds of prey descended on the carcasses, but Abram drove them away.
\v 12 As the sun was setting, Abram fell into a deep sleep, and suddenly great terror and darkness overwhelmed him.
\p
\v 13 Then the \nd Lord\nd* said to Abram, “Know for certain that your descendants will be strangers in a land that is not their own, and they will be enslaved and mistreated four hundred years.
\v 14 But I will judge the nation they serve as slaves, and afterward they will depart with many possessions.\f + \fr 15:14 \ft Cited in \+xt Acts 7:6–7\+xt*\f*
\v 15 You, however, will go to your fathers in peace and be buried at a ripe old age.
\v 16 In the fourth generation your descendants will return here, for the iniquity of the Amorites is not yet complete.”
\p
\v 17 When the sun had set and darkness had fallen, behold, a smoking firepot and a flaming torch appeared and passed between the halves of the carcasses.
\v 18 On that day the \nd Lord\nd* made a covenant with Abram, saying, “To your descendants I have given this land—from the river of Egypt to the great River Euphrates—
\v 19 the land of the Kenites, Kenizzites, Kadmonites,
\v 20 Hittites, Perizzites, Rephaites,
\v 21 Amorites, Canaanites, Girgashites, and Jebusites.”
\c 16
\s1 Hagar and Ishmael
\p
\v 1 Now Abramʼs wife Sarai had borne him no children, but she had an Egyptian maidservant named Hagar.
\v 2 So Sarai said to Abram, “Look now, the \nd Lord\nd* has prevented me from bearing children. Please go to my maidservant; perhaps I can build a family by her.”
\p And Abram listened to the voice of Sarai.
\v 3 So after he had lived in Canaan for ten years, his wife Sarai took her Egyptian maidservant Hagar and gave her to Abram to be his wife.
\v 4 And he slept with Hagar, and she conceived. But when Hagar realized that she was pregnant, she began to despise her mistress.\f + \fr 16:4 \ft Or \fqa her mistress became despised in her sight\f*
\p
\v 5 Then Sarai said to Abram, “May the wrong done to me be upon you! I delivered my servant into your arms, and ever since she saw that she was pregnant, she has treated me with contempt. May the \nd Lord\nd* judge between you and me.”
\p
\v 6 “Here,” said Abram, “your servant is in your hands. Do whatever you want with her.” Then Sarai treated Hagar so harshly that she fled from her.
\p
\v 7 Now the angel\f + \fr 16:7 \ft Or \fqa Angel\ft ; also in verses 9, 10, and 11; corresponding pronouns may also be capitalized.\f* of the \nd Lord\nd* found Hagar by a spring of water in the desert—the spring along the road to Shur.
\v 8 “Hagar, servant of Sarai,” he said, “where have you come from, and where are you going?”
\p “I am running away from my mistress Sarai,” she replied.
\p
\v 9 So the angel of the \nd Lord\nd* told her, “Return to your mistress and submit to her authority.”
\v 10 Then the angel added, “I will greatly multiply your offspring so that they will be too numerous to count.”
\p
\v 11 The angel of the \nd Lord\nd* proceeded:
\q1 “Behold, you have conceived and will bear a son.
\q2 And you shall name him Ishmael,\f + \fr 16:11 \fq Ishmael \ft means \fqa God hears\ft .\f*
\q2 for the \nd Lord\nd* has heard your cry of affliction.
\q1
\v 12 He will be a wild donkey of a man,
\q2 and his hand will be against everyone,
\q2 and everyoneʼs hand against him;
\q1 he will live in hostility
\q2 toward all his brothers.”
\p
\v 13 So Hagar gave this name to the \nd Lord\nd* who had spoken to her: “You are the God who sees me,\f + \fr 16:13 \ft Hebrew \fqa El-Roi\f*” for she said, “Here I have seen the One who sees me!”
\v 14 Therefore the well was called Beer-lahai-roi.\f + \fr 16:14 \fq Beer-lahai-roi \ft means \fqa well of the Living One who sees me\ft .\f* It is located between Kadesh and Bered.
\p
\v 15 And Hagar bore Abram a son, and Abram gave the name Ishmael to the son she had borne.
\v 16 Abram was eighty-six years old when Hagar bore Ishmael to him.
\c 17
\s1 Abraham to Father Many Nations
\p
\v 1 When Abram was ninety-nine years old, the \nd Lord\nd* appeared to him and said, “I am God Almighty.\f + \fr 17:1 \ft Hebrew El-Shaddai\f* Walk before Me and be blameless.
\v 2 I will establish My covenant between Me and you, and I will multiply you exceedingly.”
\p
\v 3 Then Abram fell facedown, and God said to him,
\v 4 “As for Me, this is My covenant with you: You will be the father of many nations.
\v 5 No longer will you be called Abram,\f + \fr 17:5 \fq Abram \ft means \fqa exalted father\ft .\f* but your name will be Abraham,\f + \fr 17:5 \fq Abraham \ft means \fqa father of many\ft .\f* for I have made you a father of many nations.\f + \fr 17:5 \ft Cited in \+xt Romans 4:17\+xt*\f*
\p
\v 6 I will make you exceedingly fruitful; I will make nations of you, and kings will descend from you.
\p
\v 7 I will establish My covenant as an everlasting covenant between Me and you and your descendants after you, to be your God and the God of your descendants after you.
\p
\v 8 And to you and your descendants I will give the land where you are residing—all the land of Canaan—as an eternal possession; and I will be their God.”
\s1 The Covenant of Circumcision
\p
\v 9 God also said to Abraham, “You must keep My covenant—you and your descendants in the generations after you.
\v 10 This is My covenant with you and your descendants after you, which you are to keep: Every male among you must be circumcised.
\v 11 You are to circumcise the flesh of your foreskin, and this will be a sign of the covenant between Me and you.
\p
\v 12 Generation after generation, every male must be circumcised when he is eight days old, including those born in your household and those purchased from a foreigner—even those who are not your offspring.
\v 13 Whether they are born in your household or purchased, they must be circumcised. My covenant in your flesh will be an everlasting covenant.
\p
\v 14 But if any male is not circumcised, he will be cut off from his people; he has broken My covenant.”
\p
\v 15 Then God said to Abraham, “As for Sarai your wife, do not call her Sarai, for her name is to be Sarah.\f + \fr 17:15 \ft Both \fq Sarai \ft and \fq Sarah \ft mean \fq princess\ft ; the change in spelling may reflect the difference in dialect between Ur and Canaan.\f*
\v 16 And I will bless her and will surely give you a son by her. I will bless her, and she will be the mother of nations; kings of peoples will descend from her.”
\p
\v 17 Abraham fell facedown. Then he laughed and said to himself, “Can a child be born to a man who is a hundred years old? Can Sarah give birth at the age of ninety?”
\v 18 And Abraham said to God, “O that Ishmael might live under Your blessing!”
\p
\v 19 But God replied, “Your wife Sarah will indeed bear you a son, and you are to name him Isaac.\f + \fr 17:19 \fq Isaac \ft means \fqa he laughs\ft .\f* I will establish My covenant with him as an everlasting covenant for his descendants after him.
\v 20 As for Ishmael, I have heard you, and I will surely bless him; I will make him fruitful and multiply him greatly. He will become the father of twelve rulers, and I will make him into a great nation.
\v 21 But I will establish My covenant with Isaac, whom Sarah will bear to you at this time next year.”
\p
\v 22 When He had finished speaking with Abraham, God went up from him.
\p
\v 23 On that very day Abraham took his son Ishmael and all those born in his household or purchased with his money—every male among the members of Abrahamʼs household—and he circumcised them, just as God had told him.
\p
\v 24 So Abraham was ninety-nine years old when he was circumcised,
\v 25 and his son Ishmael was thirteen;
\v 26 Abraham and his son Ishmael were circumcised on the same day.
\v 27 And all the men of Abrahamʼs household—both servants born in his household and those purchased from foreigners—were circumcised with him.
\c 18
\s1 The Three Visitors
\p
\v 1 Then the \nd Lord\nd* appeared to Abraham by the Oaks\f + \fr 18:1 \ft Or \fqa Terebinths \ft or \fqa Great Trees\f* of Mamre in the heat of the day, while he was sitting at the entrance of his tent.
\v 2 And Abraham looked up and saw three men standing nearby. When he saw them, he ran from the entrance of his tent to meet them and bowed low to the ground.
\p
\v 3 “My lord,” said Abraham, “if I have found favor in your sight, please do not pass your servant by.
\v 4 Let a little water be brought, that you may wash your feet and rest yourselves under the tree.
\v 5 And I will bring a bit of bread so that you may refresh yourselves. This is why you have passed your servantʼs way. After that, you may continue on your way.”
\p “Yes,” they replied, “you may do as you have said.”
\p
\v 6 So Abraham hurried into the tent and said to Sarah, “Quick! Prepare three seahs of fine flour,\f + \fr 18:6 \fqa 3 seahs \ft is approximately 19.8 dry quarts or 21.9 liters (probably about 24.5 pounds or 11.1 kilograms of flour).\f* knead it, and bake some bread.”
\p
\v 7 Meanwhile, Abraham ran to the herd, selected a tender and choice calf, and gave it to a servant, who hurried to prepare it.
\v 8 Then Abraham brought curds and milk and the calf that had been prepared, and he set them before the men and stood by them under the tree as they ate.
\s1 Sarah Laughs at the Promise
\p
\v 9 “Where is your wife Sarah?” they asked.
\p “There, in the tent,” he replied.
\p
\v 10 Then the \nd Lord\nd* said, “I will surely return to you at this time next year, and your wife Sarah will have a son!”
\p Now Sarah was behind him, listening at the entrance to the tent.
\v 11 And Abraham and Sarah were already old and well along in years; Sarah had passed the age of childbearing.
\v 12 So she laughed to herself, saying, “After I am worn out and my master is old, will I now have this pleasure?”
\p
\v 13 And the \nd Lord\nd* asked Abraham, “Why did Sarah laugh and say, ‘Can I really bear a child when I am old?’
\v 14 Is anything too difficult for the \nd Lord\nd*? At the appointed time I will return to you—in about a year—and Sarah will have a son.”\f + \fr 18:14 \ft Cited in \+xt Romans 9:9\+xt*\f*
\p
\v 15 But Sarah was afraid, so she denied it and said, “I did not laugh.”
\p “No,” replied the \nd Lord\nd*, “but you did laugh.”
\s1 Abraham Intercedes for Sodom
\p
\v 16 When the men got up to leave, they looked out over Sodom, and Abraham walked along with them to see them off.
\p
\v 17 And the \nd Lord\nd* said, “Shall I hide from Abraham what I am about to do?
\v 18 Abraham will surely become a great and powerful nation, and through him all the nations of the earth will be blessed.
\v 19 For I have chosen him, so that he will command his children and his household after him to keep the way of the \nd Lord\nd* by doing what is right and just, in order that the \nd Lord\nd* may bring upon Abraham what He has promised.”
\p
\v 20 Then the \nd Lord\nd* said, “The outcry against Sodom and Gomorrah is great. Because their sin is so grievous,
\v 21 I will go down to see if their actions fully justify the outcry that has reached Me. If not, I will find out.”
\p
\v 22 And the two men turned away and went toward Sodom, but Abraham remained standing before the \nd Lord\nd*.
\p
\v 23 Abraham stepped forward and said, “Will You really sweep away the righteous with the wicked?
\v 24 What if there are fifty righteous ones in the city? Will You really sweep it away and not spare the place for the sake of the fifty righteous ones who are there?
\v 25 Far be it from You to do such a thing—to kill the righteous with the wicked, so that the righteous and the wicked are treated alike. Far be it from You! Will not the Judge of all the earth do what is right?”
\p
\v 26 So the \nd Lord\nd* replied, “If I find fifty righteous ones within the city of Sodom, on their account I will spare the whole place.”
\p
\v 27 Then Abraham answered, “Now that I have ventured to speak to the Lord—though I am but dust and ashes—
\v 28 suppose the fifty righteous ones lack five. Will You destroy the whole city for the lack of five?”
\p He replied, “If I find forty-five there, I will not destroy it.”
\p
\v 29 Once again Abraham spoke to the \nd Lord\nd*, “Suppose forty are found there?”
\p He answered, “On account of the forty, I will not do it.”
\p
\v 30 Then Abraham said, “May the Lord not be angry, but let me speak further. Suppose thirty are found there?”
\p He replied, “If I find thirty there, I will not do it.”
\p
\v 31 And Abraham said, “Now that I have ventured to speak to the Lord, suppose twenty are found there?”
\p He answered, “On account of the twenty, I will not destroy it.”
\p
\v 32 Finally, Abraham said, “May the Lord not be angry, but let me speak once more. Suppose ten are found there?”
\p And He answered, “On account of the ten, I will not destroy it.”
\p
\v 33 When the \nd Lord\nd* had finished speaking with Abraham, He departed, and Abraham returned home.
\c 19
\s1 Lot Welcomes the Angels
\r (Judges 19:1–30)
\p
\v 1 Now the two angels arrived at Sodom in the evening, and Lot was sitting in the gateway of the city. When Lot saw them, he got up to meet them, bowed facedown,
\v 2 and said, “My lords, please turn aside into the house of your servant; wash your feet and spend the night. Then you can rise early and go on your way.”
\p “No,” they answered, “we will spend the night in the square.”
\p
\v 3 But Lot insisted so strongly that they followed him into his house. He prepared a feast for them and baked unleavened bread, and they ate.
\p
\v 4 Before they had gone to bed, all the men of the city of Sodom, both young and old, surrounded the house.
\v 5 They called out to Lot, saying, “Where are the men who came to you tonight? Send them out to us so we can have relations with them!”
\p
\v 6 Lot went outside to meet them, shutting the door behind him.
\v 7 “Please, my brothers,” he pleaded, “donʼt do such a wicked thing!
\v 8 Look, I have two daughters who have never slept with a man. Let me bring them to you, and you can do to them as you please. But do not do anything to these men, for they have come under the protection of my roof.”
\p
\v 9 “Get out of the way!” they replied. And they declared, “This one came here as a foreigner, and he is already acting like a judge! Now we will treat you worse than them.” And they pressed in on Lot and moved in to break down the door.
\p
\v 10 But the men inside reached out, pulled Lot into the house with them, and shut the door.
\v 11 And they struck the men at the entrance, young and old, with blindness, so that they wearied themselves trying to find the door.
\s1 Lot Flees to Zoar
\p
\v 12 Then the two men said to Lot, “Do you have anyone else here—a son-in-law, your sons or daughters, or anyone else in the city who belongs to you? Get them out of here,
\v 13 because we are about to destroy this place. For the outcry to the \nd Lord\nd* against its people is so great that He has sent us to destroy it.”
\p
\v 14 So Lot went out and spoke to the sons-in-law who were pledged in marriage to his daughters. “Get up,” he said. “Get out of this place, for the \nd Lord\nd* is about to destroy the city!” But his sons-in-law thought he was joking.
\p
\v 15 At daybreak the angels hurried Lot along, saying, “Get up! Take your wife and your two daughters who are here, or you will be swept away in the punishment of the city.”
\v 16 But when Lot hesitated, the men grabbed his hand and the hands of his wife and his two daughters. And they led them safely out of the city, because of the \nd Lord\nd*ʼs compassion for them.
\p
\v 17 As soon as the men had brought them out, one of them said, “Run for your lives! Do not look back, and do not stop anywhere on the plain! Flee to the mountains, or you will be swept away!”
\p
\v 18 But Lot replied, “No, my lords, please!
\v 19 Your servant has indeed found favor in your sight, and you have shown me great kindness by sparing my life. But I cannot run to the mountains; the disaster will overtake me, and I will die.
\v 20 Look, there is a town nearby where I can flee, and it is a small place. Please let me flee there—is it not a small place? Then my life will be saved.”
\p
\v 21 “Very well,” he answered, “I will grant this request as well, and will not demolish the town you indicate.
\v 22 Hurry! Run there quickly, for I cannot do anything until you reach it.” That is why the town was called Zoar.\f + \fr 19:22 \fq Zoar \ft means small.\f*
\p
\v 23 And by the time the sun had risen over the land, Lot had reached Zoar.
\s1 The Destruction of Sodom and Gomorrah
\r (Luke 17:20–37)
\p
\v 24 Then the \nd Lord\nd* rained down sulfur and fire on Sodom and Gomorrah—from the \nd Lord\nd* out of the heavens.
\v 25 Thus He destroyed these cities and the entire plain, including all the inhabitants of the cities and everything that grew on the ground.
\p
\v 26 But Lotʼs wife looked back, and she became a pillar of salt.
\p
\v 27 Early the next morning, Abraham got up and returned to the place where he had stood before the \nd Lord\nd*.
\v 28 He looked down toward Sodom and Gomorrah and all the land of the plain, and he saw the smoke rising from the land like smoke from a furnace.
\p
\v 29 So when God destroyed the cities of the plain, He remembered Abraham, and He brought Lot out of the catastrophe that destroyed the cities where he had lived.
\s1 Lot and His Daughters
\p
\v 30 Lot and his two daughters left Zoar and settled in the mountains—for he was afraid to stay in Zoar—where they lived in a cave.
\p
\v 31 One day the older daughter said to the younger, “Our father is old, and there is no man in the land to sleep with us, as is the custom over all the earth.
\v 32 Come, let us get our father drunk with wine so we can sleep with him and preserve his line.”
\p
\v 33 So that night they got their father drunk with wine, and the firstborn went in and slept with her father; he was not aware when she lay down or when she got up.
\p
\v 34 The next day the older daughter said to the younger, “Look, I slept with my father last night. Let us get him drunk with wine again tonight so you can go in and sleep with him and we can preserve our fatherʼs line.”
\p
\v 35 So again that night they got their father drunk with wine, and the younger daughter went in and slept with him; he was not aware when she lay down or when she got up.
\p
\v 36 Thus both of Lotʼs daughters became pregnant by their father.
\v 37 The older daughter gave birth to a son and named him Moab.\f + \fr 19:37 \fq Moab \ft sounds like the Hebrew for \fqa from my father.\f* He is the father of the Moabites of today.
\v 38 The younger daughter also gave birth to a son, and she named him Ben-ammi.\f + \fr 19:38 \fq Ben-ammi \ft means \fqa son of my people\ft .\f* He is the father of the Ammonites of today.
\c 20
\s1 Abraham, Sarah, and Abimelech
\p
\v 1 Now Abraham journeyed from there to the region of the Negev and settled between Kadesh and Shur. While he was staying in Gerar,
\v 2 Abraham said of his wife Sarah, “She is my sister.” So Abimelech king of Gerar had Sarah brought to him.
\p
\v 3 One night, however, God came to Abimelech in a dream and told him, “You are as good as dead because of the woman you have taken, for she is a married woman.”
\p
\v 4 Now Abimelech had not gone near her, so he replied, “Lord, would You destroy a nation even though it is innocent?
\v 5 Didnʼt Abraham tell me, ‘She is my sister’? And she herself said, ‘He is my brother.’ I have done this in the integrity of my heart and the innocence of my hands.”
\p
\v 6 Then God said to Abimelech in the dream, “Yes, I know that you did this with a clear conscience, and so I have kept you from sinning against Me. That is why I did not let you touch her.
\v 7 Now return the manʼs wife, for he is a prophet; he will pray for you and you will live. But if you do not restore her, be aware that you will surely die—you and all who belong to you.”
\p
\v 8 Early the next morning Abimelech got up and summoned all his servants; and when he described to them all that had happened, the men were terrified.