Upgrade to Python 3.13 (#11588)

.github/workflows/build.yml

@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ jobs:
       - uses: actions/checkout@v4
       - uses: actions/setup-python@v5
         with:
-          python-version: 3.12
+          python-version: 3.13
           allow-prereleases: true
       - uses: actions/cache@v4
         with:
@@ -26,6 +26,10 @@ jobs:
         # TODO: #8818 Re-enable quantum tests
         run: pytest
           --ignore=quantum/q_fourier_transform.py
+          --ignore=computer_vision/cnn_classification.py
+          --ignore=dynamic_programming/k_means_clustering_tensorflow.py
+          --ignore=machine_learning/lstm/lstm_prediction.py
+          --ignore=neural_network/input_data.py
           --ignore=project_euler/
           --ignore=scripts/validate_solutions.py
           --cov-report=term-missing:skip-covered

DIRECTORY.md

@@ -1343,7 +1343,6 @@
   * [Get Ip Geolocation](web_programming/get_ip_geolocation.py)
   * [Get Top Billionaires](web_programming/get_top_billionaires.py)
   * [Get Top Hn Posts](web_programming/get_top_hn_posts.py)
-  * [Get User Tweets](web_programming/get_user_tweets.py)
   * [Giphy](web_programming/giphy.py)
   * [Instagram Crawler](web_programming/instagram_crawler.py)
   * [Instagram Pic](web_programming/instagram_pic.py)

computer_vision/haralick_descriptors.py

@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ def root_mean_square_error(original: np.ndarray, reference: np.ndarray) -> float
         >>> root_mean_square_error(np.array([1, 2, 3]), np.array([6, 4, 2]))
         3.1622776601683795
     """
-    return np.sqrt(((original - reference) ** 2).mean())
+    return float(np.sqrt(((original - reference) ** 2).mean()))
 
 
 def normalize_image(
@@ -273,7 +273,7 @@ def haralick_descriptors(matrix: np.ndarray) -> list[float]:
         >>> morphological = opening_filter(binary)
         >>> mask_1 = binary_mask(gray, morphological)[0]
         >>> concurrency = matrix_concurrency(mask_1, (0, 1))
-        >>> haralick_descriptors(concurrency)
+        >>> [float(f) for f in haralick_descriptors(concurrency)]
         [0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0]
     """
     # Function np.indices could be used for bigger input types,
@@ -335,7 +335,7 @@ def get_descriptors(
     return np.concatenate(descriptors, axis=None)
 
 
-def euclidean(point_1: np.ndarray, point_2: np.ndarray) -> np.float32:
+def euclidean(point_1: np.ndarray, point_2: np.ndarray) -> float:
     """
     Simple method for calculating the euclidean distance between two points,
     with type np.ndarray.
@@ -346,7 +346,7 @@ def euclidean(point_1: np.ndarray, point_2: np.ndarray) -> np.float32:
         >>> euclidean(a, b)
         3.3166247903554
     """
-    return np.sqrt(np.sum(np.square(point_1 - point_2)))
+    return float(np.sqrt(np.sum(np.square(point_1 - point_2))))
 
 
 def get_distances(descriptors: np.ndarray, base: int) -> list[tuple[int, float]]:

data_structures/heap/binomial_heap.py

@@ -73,7 +73,7 @@ class BinomialHeap:
     30
 
     Deleting - delete() test
-    >>> [first_heap.delete_min() for _ in range(20)]
+    >>> [int(first_heap.delete_min()) for _ in range(20)]
     [0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19]
 
     Create a new Heap
@@ -118,7 +118,7 @@ class BinomialHeap:
     values in merged heap; (merge is inplace)
     >>> results = []
     >>> while not first_heap.is_empty():
-    ...     results.append(first_heap.delete_min())
+    ...     results.append(int(first_heap.delete_min()))
     >>> results
     [17, 20, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 31, 34]
     """
@@ -354,7 +354,7 @@ def delete_min(self):
         # Merge heaps
         self.merge_heaps(new_heap)
 
-        return min_value
+        return int(min_value)
 
     def pre_order(self):
         """

electronics/circular_convolution.py

@@ -39,7 +39,7 @@ def circular_convolution(self) -> list[float]:
         Usage:
         >>> convolution = CircularConvolution()
         >>> convolution.circular_convolution()
-        [10, 10, 6, 14]
+        [10.0, 10.0, 6.0, 14.0]
 
         >>> convolution.first_signal = [0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8, 1.0, 1.2, 1.4, 1.6]
         >>> convolution.second_signal = [0.1, 0.3, 0.5, 0.7, 0.9, 1.1, 1.3, 1.5]
@@ -54,7 +54,7 @@ def circular_convolution(self) -> list[float]:
         >>> convolution.first_signal = [1, -1, 2, 3, -1]
         >>> convolution.second_signal = [1, 2, 3]
         >>> convolution.circular_convolution()
-        [8, -2, 3, 4, 11]
+        [8.0, -2.0, 3.0, 4.0, 11.0]
 
         """
 
@@ -91,7 +91,7 @@ def circular_convolution(self) -> list[float]:
         final_signal = np.matmul(np.transpose(matrix), np.transpose(self.first_signal))
 
         # rounding-off to two decimal places
-        return [round(i, 2) for i in final_signal]
+        return [float(round(i, 2)) for i in final_signal]
 
 
 if __name__ == "__main__":

fractals/julia_sets.py

@@ -40,11 +40,11 @@
 def eval_exponential(c_parameter: complex, z_values: np.ndarray) -> np.ndarray:
     """
     Evaluate $e^z + c$.
-    >>> eval_exponential(0, 0)
+    >>> float(eval_exponential(0, 0))
     1.0
-    >>> abs(eval_exponential(1, np.pi*1.j)) < 1e-15
+    >>> bool(abs(eval_exponential(1, np.pi*1.j)) < 1e-15)
     True
-    >>> abs(eval_exponential(1.j, 0)-1-1.j) < 1e-15
+    >>> bool(abs(eval_exponential(1.j, 0)-1-1.j) < 1e-15)
     True
     """
     return np.exp(z_values) + c_parameter
@@ -98,20 +98,20 @@ def iterate_function(
 
     >>> iterate_function(eval_quadratic_polynomial, 0, 3, np.array([0,1,2])).shape
     (3,)
-    >>> np.round(iterate_function(eval_quadratic_polynomial,
+    >>> complex(np.round(iterate_function(eval_quadratic_polynomial,
     ... 0,
     ... 3,
-    ... np.array([0,1,2]))[0])
+    ... np.array([0,1,2]))[0]))
     0j
-    >>> np.round(iterate_function(eval_quadratic_polynomial,
+    >>> complex(np.round(iterate_function(eval_quadratic_polynomial,
     ... 0,
     ... 3,
-    ... np.array([0,1,2]))[1])
+    ... np.array([0,1,2]))[1]))
     (1+0j)
-    >>> np.round(iterate_function(eval_quadratic_polynomial,
+    >>> complex(np.round(iterate_function(eval_quadratic_polynomial,
     ... 0,
     ... 3,
-    ... np.array([0,1,2]))[2])
+    ... np.array([0,1,2]))[2]))
     (256+0j)
     """
 

graphics/bezier_curve.py

@@ -30,9 +30,9 @@ def basis_function(self, t: float) -> list[float]:
         returns the x, y values of basis function at time t
 
         >>> curve = BezierCurve([(1,1), (1,2)])
-        >>> curve.basis_function(0)
+        >>> [float(x) for x in curve.basis_function(0)]
         [1.0, 0.0]
-        >>> curve.basis_function(1)
+        >>> [float(x) for x in curve.basis_function(1)]
         [0.0, 1.0]
         """
         assert 0 <= t <= 1, "Time t must be between 0 and 1."
@@ -55,9 +55,9 @@ def bezier_curve_function(self, t: float) -> tuple[float, float]:
             The last point in the curve is when t = 1.
 
         >>> curve = BezierCurve([(1,1), (1,2)])
-        >>> curve.bezier_curve_function(0)
+        >>> tuple(float(x) for x in curve.bezier_curve_function(0))
         (1.0, 1.0)
-        >>> curve.bezier_curve_function(1)
+        >>> tuple(float(x) for x in curve.bezier_curve_function(1))
         (1.0, 2.0)
         """
 

graphs/dijkstra_binary_grid.py

@@ -69,7 +69,7 @@ def dijkstra(
                 x, y = predecessors[x, y]
             path.append(source)  # add the source manually
             path.reverse()
-            return matrix[destination], path
+            return float(matrix[destination]), path
 
         for i in range(len(dx)):
             nx, ny = x + dx[i], y + dy[i]

linear_algebra/src/power_iteration.py

@@ -78,7 +78,7 @@ def power_iteration(
     if is_complex:
         lambda_ = np.real(lambda_)
 
-    return lambda_, vector
+    return float(lambda_), vector
 
 
 def test_power_iteration() -> None:

linear_programming/simplex.py

@@ -107,8 +107,8 @@ def generate_col_titles(self) -> list[str]:
 
     def find_pivot(self) -> tuple[Any, Any]:
         """Finds the pivot row and column.
-        >>> Tableau(np.array([[-2,1,0,0,0], [3,1,1,0,6], [1,2,0,1,7.]]),
-        ... 2, 0).find_pivot()
+        >>> tuple(int(x) for x in Tableau(np.array([[-2,1,0,0,0], [3,1,1,0,6],
+        ... [1,2,0,1,7.]]), 2, 0).find_pivot())
         (1, 0)
         """
         objective = self.objectives[-1]
@@ -215,56 +215,56 @@ def run_simplex(self) -> dict[Any, Any]:
         Max:  x1 +  x2
         ST:   x1 + 3x2 <= 4
              3x1 +  x2 <= 4
-        >>> Tableau(np.array([[-1,-1,0,0,0],[1,3,1,0,4],[3,1,0,1,4.]]),
-        ... 2, 0).run_simplex()
+        >>> {key: float(value) for key, value in Tableau(np.array([[-1,-1,0,0,0],
+        ... [1,3,1,0,4],[3,1,0,1,4.]]), 2, 0).run_simplex().items()}
         {'P': 2.0, 'x1': 1.0, 'x2': 1.0}
 
         # Standard linear program with 3 variables:
         Max: 3x1 +  x2 + 3x3
         ST:  2x1 +  x2 +  x3 ≤ 2
               x1 + 2x2 + 3x3 ≤ 5
              2x1 + 2x2 +  x3 ≤ 6
-        >>> Tableau(np.array([
+        >>> {key: float(value) for key, value in Tableau(np.array([
         ... [-3,-1,-3,0,0,0,0],
         ... [2,1,1,1,0,0,2],
         ... [1,2,3,0,1,0,5],
         ... [2,2,1,0,0,1,6.]
-        ... ]),3,0).run_simplex() # doctest: +ELLIPSIS
+        ... ]),3,0).run_simplex().items()} # doctest: +ELLIPSIS
         {'P': 5.4, 'x1': 0.199..., 'x3': 1.6}
 
 
         # Optimal tableau input:
-        >>> Tableau(np.array([
+        >>> {key: float(value) for key, value in Tableau(np.array([
         ... [0, 0, 0.25, 0.25, 2],
         ... [0, 1, 0.375, -0.125, 1],
         ... [1, 0, -0.125, 0.375, 1]
-        ... ]), 2, 0).run_simplex()
+        ... ]), 2, 0).run_simplex().items()}
         {'P': 2.0, 'x1': 1.0, 'x2': 1.0}
 
         # Non-standard: >= constraints
         Max: 2x1 + 3x2 +  x3
         ST:   x1 +  x2 +  x3 <= 40
              2x1 +  x2 -  x3 >= 10
                  -  x2 +  x3 >= 10
-        >>> Tableau(np.array([
+        >>> {key: float(value) for key, value in Tableau(np.array([
         ... [2, 0, 0, 0, -1, -1, 0, 0, 20],
         ... [-2, -3, -1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0],
         ... [1, 1, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 40],
         ... [2, 1, -1, 0, -1, 0, 1, 0, 10],
         ... [0, -1, 1, 0, 0, -1, 0, 1, 10.]
-        ... ]), 3, 2).run_simplex()
+        ... ]), 3, 2).run_simplex().items()}
         {'P': 70.0, 'x1': 10.0, 'x2': 10.0, 'x3': 20.0}
 
         # Non standard: minimisation and equalities
         Min: x1 +  x2
         ST: 2x1 +  x2 = 12
             6x1 + 5x2 = 40
-        >>> Tableau(np.array([
+        >>> {key: float(value) for key, value in Tableau(np.array([
         ... [8, 6, 0, 0, 52],
         ... [1, 1, 0, 0, 0],
         ... [2, 1, 1, 0, 12],
         ... [6, 5, 0, 1, 40.],
-        ... ]), 2, 2).run_simplex()
+        ... ]), 2, 2).run_simplex().items()}
         {'P': 7.0, 'x1': 5.0, 'x2': 2.0}
 
 
@@ -275,15 +275,15 @@ def run_simplex(self) -> dict[Any, Any]:
              2x1 + 4x2 <= 48
               x1 +  x2 >= 10
              x1        >= 2
-        >>> Tableau(np.array([
+        >>> {key: float(value) for key, value in Tableau(np.array([
         ... [2, 1, 0, 0, 0, -1, -1, 0, 0, 12.0],
         ... [-8, -6, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0.0],
         ... [1, 3, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 33.0],
         ... [4, 2, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 60.0],
         ... [2, 4, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 48.0],
         ... [1, 1, 0, 0, 0, -1, 0, 1, 0, 10.0],
         ... [1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, -1, 0, 1, 2.0]
-        ... ]), 2, 2).run_simplex() # doctest: +ELLIPSIS
+        ... ]), 2, 2).run_simplex().items()} # doctest: +ELLIPSIS
         {'P': 132.0, 'x1': 12.000... 'x2': 5.999...}
         """
         # Stop simplex algorithm from cycling.
@@ -307,11 +307,11 @@ def run_simplex(self) -> dict[Any, Any]:
     def interpret_tableau(self) -> dict[str, float]:
         """Given the final tableau, add the corresponding values of the basic
         decision variables to the `output_dict`
-        >>> Tableau(np.array([
+        >>> {key: float(value) for key, value in Tableau(np.array([
         ... [0,0,0.875,0.375,5],
         ... [0,1,0.375,-0.125,1],
         ... [1,0,-0.125,0.375,1]
-        ... ]),2, 0).interpret_tableau()
+        ... ]),2, 0).interpret_tableau().items()}
         {'P': 5.0, 'x1': 1.0, 'x2': 1.0}
         """
         # P = RHS of final tableau

machine_learning/decision_tree.py

@@ -26,15 +26,15 @@ def mean_squared_error(self, labels, prediction):
         >>> tester = DecisionTree()
         >>> test_labels = np.array([1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10])
         >>> test_prediction = float(6)
-        >>> tester.mean_squared_error(test_labels, test_prediction) == (
+        >>> bool(tester.mean_squared_error(test_labels, test_prediction) == (
         ...     TestDecisionTree.helper_mean_squared_error_test(test_labels,
-        ...         test_prediction))
+        ...         test_prediction)))
         True
         >>> test_labels = np.array([1,2,3])
         >>> test_prediction = float(2)
-        >>> tester.mean_squared_error(test_labels, test_prediction) == (
+        >>> bool(tester.mean_squared_error(test_labels, test_prediction) == (
         ...     TestDecisionTree.helper_mean_squared_error_test(test_labels,
-        ...         test_prediction))
+        ...         test_prediction)))
         True
         """
         if labels.ndim != 1:

machine_learning/forecasting/run.py

@@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ def linear_regression_prediction(
     input : training data (date, total_user, total_event) in list of float
     output : list of total user prediction in float
     >>> n = linear_regression_prediction([2,3,4,5], [5,3,4,6], [3,1,2,4], [2,1], [2,2])
-    >>> abs(n - 5.0) < 1e-6  # Checking precision because of floating point errors
+    >>> bool(abs(n - 5.0) < 1e-6)  # Checking precision because of floating point errors
     True
     """
     x = np.array([[1, item, train_mtch[i]] for i, item in enumerate(train_dt)])
@@ -56,7 +56,7 @@ def sarimax_predictor(train_user: list, train_match: list, test_match: list) ->
     )
     model_fit = model.fit(disp=False, maxiter=600, method="nm")
     result = model_fit.predict(1, len(test_match), exog=[test_match])
-    return result[0]
+    return float(result[0])
 
 
 def support_vector_regressor(x_train: list, x_test: list, train_user: list) -> float:
@@ -75,7 +75,7 @@ def support_vector_regressor(x_train: list, x_test: list, train_user: list) -> f
     regressor = SVR(kernel="rbf", C=1, gamma=0.1, epsilon=0.1)
     regressor.fit(x_train, train_user)
     y_pred = regressor.predict(x_test)
-    return y_pred[0]
+    return float(y_pred[0])
 
 
 def interquartile_range_checker(train_user: list) -> float:
@@ -92,7 +92,7 @@ def interquartile_range_checker(train_user: list) -> float:
     q3 = np.percentile(train_user, 75)
     iqr = q3 - q1
     low_lim = q1 - (iqr * 0.1)
-    return low_lim
+    return float(low_lim)
 
 
 def data_safety_checker(list_vote: list, actual_result: float) -> bool:

machine_learning/k_nearest_neighbours.py

@@ -42,7 +42,7 @@ def _euclidean_distance(a: np.ndarray[float], b: np.ndarray[float]) -> float:
         >>> KNN._euclidean_distance(np.array([1, 2, 3]), np.array([1, 8, 11]))
         10.0
         """
-        return np.linalg.norm(a - b)
+        return float(np.linalg.norm(a - b))
 
     def classify(self, pred_point: np.ndarray[float], k: int = 5) -> str:
         """

machine_learning/logistic_regression.py

@@ -45,7 +45,7 @@ def sigmoid_function(z: float | np.ndarray) -> float | np.ndarray:
     @returns: returns value in the range 0 to 1
 
     Examples:
-    >>> sigmoid_function(4)
+    >>> float(sigmoid_function(4))
     0.9820137900379085
     >>> sigmoid_function(np.array([-3, 3]))
     array([0.04742587, 0.95257413])
@@ -100,7 +100,7 @@ def cost_function(h: np.ndarray, y: np.ndarray) -> float:
     References:
        - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Logistic_regression
     """
-    return (-y * np.log(h) - (1 - y) * np.log(1 - h)).mean()
+    return float((-y * np.log(h) - (1 - y) * np.log(1 - h)).mean())
 
 
 def log_likelihood(x, y, weights):