The main purpose of these files is to make queries to database tables easier and create pagination with simple calls.
For extending model classes you need to put two files
- MY_Model.php
- Pagination.php
in application/core/
Whenever you create model class, extend MY_Model instead of CI_Model
class Users extends MY_Model {
}When you load this model in any controller, you can use
class Base extends CI_Controller {
function __construct() {
parent::__construct();
$this->load->model('users');
}
public function home() {
$data['users'] = $this->users->getAll();
}
}As you can see, we are calling getAll() method which will get all the rows from database users table.
- Table Name
- Primary Key
- Methods
- Pagination
- Pre defined methods
- Hidden columns
- Fillable columns
- Timestamps
- Relations
If your database table name is different than model class name then you can add table name in protected property of your model class
class Users extends MY_Model {
protected $table = 'app_users';
}Now, all methods called using this model will fetch data from table app_users instead of users
If you have table name with underscore between name and you do not want to define protected property table, then you can also name model class in such a way that it will convert it to table name
class AppUsers extends MY_Model {
}
class MobileAPP extends MY_Model {
} As you can see above, there are two example which use camel case and specially second one which has second section of class name having all capital letters.
Here AppUsers will work for table name app_users
and MobileAPP will work for table name mobile_app and
Primary Key 👆
All methods which use primary key id as default can be changed by defining protected property from model class
class Users extends MY_Model {
protected $primaryKey = 'userid';
}Methods 👆
Just like we are using getAll() method to get all rows from table users, you can also use below methods
To get count of all rows
$this->users->countAll();To get the rows with conditions passed to it
$conditions = array('active' => 1);
$this->users->getWhere($conditions);Get single row with particular ID or Conditions
$this->users->find(1);
// or
$conditions = array('id' => 1, 'active' => 1);
$this->users->find($conditions);For getting maximum, minimum, average and sum of values, you can use these below methods. The only parameter used here is the name of table column name and this calls will directly get the result value rather than array or object.
$this->users->max('points');
$this->users->min('points');
$this->users->avg('points');
$this->users->sum('points');To insert single row in table
$row = array('name' => 'some name', 'active' => 1);
$this->users->insert($row);To insert multiple rows in table
$rows = array(
array('name' => 'some name', 'active' => 1),
array('name' => 'some name 2', 'active' => 0)
);
$this->users->insertBatch($rows);To update single row in table
$id = 1;
$values = array('name' => 'some name', 'active' => 1);
$this->users->update($id, $values);To update multiple rows in table with conditions passed to it
$conditions = array('active' => 1);
$values = array('email_sent' => 1);
$this->users->update($conditions, $values);To delete row in table
$id = 1;
$this->users->delete($id);To delete multiple rows in table by conditions
$conditions = array('active' => 0);
$this->users->deleteBatch($conditions);To delete multiple rows by their IDs
$IDs = array(1, 2, 3);
$this->users->deleteIDs($IDs);To truncate the table
$this->users->truncate();To check value already exist of particular column
$email = '[email protected]';
$this->users->checkUnique('email', $email);If you want to check value exist except for particular id of the table, you can pass 3rd parameter as id which you want to skip while checking value
$email = '[email protected]';
$id = 2;
$this->users->checkUnique('email', $email, $id);Now, while checking for unique value it will skip the row with this id.
Pagination 👆
If you want to get paginated result of this same table with limit 10, you can call paginate function from model instance
$this->users->paginate(10);If you want to get paginated result with some conditions, you can do it by couple of ways
- You can use codeigniter predefined db functions along with pagination method
$this->users->where('active', 1)->order_by('id', 'DESC')->paginate(10);- You can also pass callback function as a parameter with conditions in it. Even here you can use predefined functions to extend the query. Make sure you use one parameter as query and return it.
$conditions = function($query) {
return $query->where('active', 1)->order_by('id', 'DESC');
}
$this->users->conditions($conditions)->paginate(10);- For changing the pagination config you can pass config as 3rd parameter to the method paginate. 2nd parameter is page number to use while getting pagination through Ajax but for now you can pass it as empty string.
$config['uri_segment'] = 3;
$config['base_url'] = 'index.php/users';
$users = $this->users->paginate(10, '', $config);
$links = $this->users->getLinks();getLinks() method will get pagination links with some default settings. Pass custom config settings to get the desired results for both pagination result and links. You can also check the constructor method of Pagination.php to see what default settings it is using.
Below are some settings of default config which will give you idea of what links will be generated for pagination
$this->config['num_links'] = 5;
$this->config['use_page_numbers'] = TRUE;
$this->config['page_query_string'] = TRUE;Note: With default settings, pagination links will be generated something like this
http://www.site.com/users?per_page=1
http://www.site.com/users?per_page=2Pre defined methods 👆
You can use all the pre defined db methods of codeigniter as a chain as well to get the result. Below are the examples
$this->users->order_by('id', 'DESC')->get()->result();
$this->users->order_by('id', 'DESC')->get()->result_array();
$this->users->order_by('id', 'DESC')->get()->row();
$this->users->where('id', 1)->get()->row();You can also skip get() method and fetch the results. As get() method will automatically be called based on functions.
$this->users->order_by('id', 'DESC')->result();
$this->users->order_by('id', 'DESC')->result_array();Hidden columns 👆
We can make the result sets to hide the column values from rows. For example, If we have a table users and we don't want to allow password and token to be available whenever user information is fetched. We can define protected array variable with name hidden in model class
class Users extends MY_Model {
protected $hidden = array('password', 'token');
}Note: You can achieve this only by calling methods from the model object not by using $this->db separately somehwere
Fillable columns 👆
This option will not let any query to add any column data we pass for saving or updating in the table. Let's say, We want users to allow only email, name and password to be inserted or updated and rest of the column values must be ignored even if they pass it. We can define protected array variable with name fillable in model class
class Users extends MY_Model {
protected $fillable = array('email', 'name', 'password');
}Note: You can achieve this only by calling methods from the model object not by using $this->db separately somehwere
Timestamps 👆
If you want timestamps to be stored automatically while adding/updating row. You can set protected property $timestamps as true and make sure the table have these columns created created_at and updated_at of type timestamp
class Users extends MY_Model {
protected $timestamps = true;
}Relations 👆
For getting rows or single column value from other database tables based on relations, you have to define one protected function in your model class with name setRelations
class Users extends MY_Model {
protected function setRelations() {}
}There are four ways, we can attach data to our results
Let's say, we have books table which is having foriegn key user_id of users table. Now for getting number of books belongs to users along with users result data, we can add the relation
protected function setRelations() {
$this->addRelation(array(
'primary' => 'id',
'table' => 'books',
'foreign' => 'user_id',
'variable' => 'books',
));
}primary - Name of the primary key of table. If not passed, it will take "id" as default or from $primaryKey property of model class.
table - Name of the table from which rows needs to be fetched.
model - Instead of table you can put "model" instance name.
variable - Name of the variable that needs to be added in each row of result set. If not passed, it will take foreign key table name(if set) in lower case.The result of setting the relation mentioned above will the attach the number of books to users result set.
foreach($users as $user) {
foreach($users->books as $book){
}
}As you can see, one more array is attached with name books to every row.
For attaching directly a single row to the variable, you can pass single as true
protected function setRelations() {
$this->addRelation(array(
'primary' => 'id',
'table' => 'images',
'foreign' => 'user_id',
'variable' => 'image',
'single' => true
));
}The result of setting the relation mentioned above will attach single image row to users result set.
foreach($users as $user) {
$user->image->id;
$user->image->name;
}For getting only particular column value from table, you can pass one more option as column
protected function setRelations() {
$this->addRelation(array(
'primary' => 'id',
'table' => 'images',
'foreign' => 'user_id',
'variable' => 'image',
'column' => 'name'
));
}Result will simply get the name column value from table images to key image in every row of users.
foreach($users as $user) {
$user->image;
}Note: When passed column value, single is not required
For making some modification to column value, you can use same column option as array with two keys
protected function setRelations() {
$this->addRelation(array(
'primary' => 'id',
'table' => 'images',
'foreign' => 'user_id',
'variable' => 'image',
'column' => array(
'name' => 'name',
'modify' => base_url('images/').'_COL_'
),
));
}As you can see, we are passing two keys name and modify. modify having some value along with text _COL_ having underscore at beginning and end. Whatever the value comes from table column name, It will contain that extra value we are passing along with _COL_
Lets say, if image name is flower.png , value will be http://yoursite.com/images/flower.png
foreach($users as $user) {
$user->image; // http://yoursite.com/images/flower.png
}You can also add multiple relations in method one after the other.
protected function setRelations() {
$this->addRelation(array(
'primary' => 'id',
'table' => 'books',
'foreign' => 'user_id',
'variable' => 'books',
));
$this->addRelation(array(
'primary' => 'id',
'table' => 'images',
'foreign' => 'user_id',
'variable' => 'image',
'column' => 'name'
));
}If you want to do it with single method call, you can use setRelations() method name which is with extra s letter at the end
protected function setRelations() {
$this->addRelations(
array(
'primary' => 'id',
'table' => 'books',
'foreign' => 'user_id',
'variable' => 'books',
),
array(
'primary' => 'id',
'table' => 'images',
'foreign' => 'user_id',
'variable' => 'image',
'column' => 'name'
),
);
}