feat: support zstd compression in miniostorage

we want to use zstd compression when compressing files for storage in
object storage because it performs better than gzip which is what we
were using before

these changes are only being made to the minio storage service because
we want to consolidate the storage service functionality into this one
so both worker and API will be using this backend in the future (API was
already using this one)

we have to manually decompress the zstd compressed files in read_file
but HTTPResponse takes care of it for us if the content encoding of the
file is gzip

the is_already_gzipped argument is being deprecated in favour of
compression_type and is_compressed, also the ability to pass a str to
write_file is being deprecated. we're keeping track of the use of these
using sentry capture_message

pyproject.toml

@@ -34,6 +34,7 @@ dependencies = [
     "requests>=2.32.3",
     "sentry-sdk>=2.18.0",
     "sqlalchemy<2",
+    "zstandard==0.23.0",
 ]
 
 [build-system]

shared/storage/minio.py

@@ -1,13 +1,15 @@
-import gzip
+import datetime
 import json
 import logging
 import os
-import shutil
 import sys
 import tempfile
 from io import BytesIO
-from typing import BinaryIO, overload
+from typing import BinaryIO, Protocol, overload
 
+import sentry_sdk
+import sentry_sdk.scope
+import zstandard
 from minio import Minio
 from minio.credentials import (
     ChainedProvider,
@@ -17,13 +19,29 @@
 )
 from minio.deleteobjects import DeleteObject
 from minio.error import MinioException, S3Error
+from urllib3.response import HTTPResponse
 
-from shared.storage.base import CHUNK_SIZE, BaseStorageService
+from shared.storage.base import BaseStorageService
 from shared.storage.exceptions import BucketAlreadyExistsError, FileNotInStorageError
 
 log = logging.getLogger(__name__)
 
 
+class Readable(Protocol):
+    def read(self, size: int = -1) -> bytes: ...
+
+
+class GetObjectToFileResponse(Protocol):
+    bucket_name: str
+    object_name: str
+    last_modified: datetime.datetime | None
+    etag: str
+    size: int
+    content_type: str | None
+    metadata: dict[str, str]
+    version_id: str | None
+
+
 # Service class for interfacing with codecov's underlying storage layer, minio
 class MinioStorageService(BaseStorageService):
     def __init__(self, minio_config):
@@ -57,20 +75,21 @@ def init_minio_client(
         region: str = None,
     ):
         """
-            Initialize the minio client
+        Initialize the minio client
 
         `iam_auth` adds support for IAM base authentication in a fallback pattern.
-            The following will be checked in order:
+        The following will be checked in order:
 
         * EC2 metadata -- a custom endpoint can be provided, default is None.
-        * AWS env vars, specifically AWS_ACCESS_KEY and AWS_SECRECT_KEY
         * Minio env vars, specifically MINIO_ACCESS_KEY and MINIO_SECRET_KEY
+        * AWS env vars, specifically AWS_ACCESS_KEY and AWS_SECRECT_KEY
 
-        to support backward compatibility, the iam_auth setting should be used in the installation
-            configuration
+        to support backward compatibility, the iam_auth setting should be used
+        in the installation configuration
 
         Args:
             host (str): The address of the host where minio lives
+
             port (str): The port number (as str or int should be ok)
             access_key (str, optional): The access key (optional if IAM is being used)
             secret_key (str, optional): The secret key (optional if IAM is being used)
@@ -143,50 +162,64 @@ def create_root_storage(self, bucket_name="archive", region="us-east-1"):
     # Writes a file to storage will gzip if not compressed already
     def write_file(
         self,
-        bucket_name,
-        path,
-        data,
-        reduced_redundancy=False,
+        bucket_name: str,
+        path: str,
+        data: BinaryIO,
+        reduced_redundancy: bool = False,
         *,
-        is_already_gzipped: bool = False,
+        is_already_gzipped: bool = False,  # deprecated
+        is_compressed: bool = False,
+        compression_type: str = "zstd",
     ):
+        if is_already_gzipped:
+            log.warning(
+                "is_already_gzipped is deprecated and will be removed in a future version, instead compress using zstd and use the is_already_zstd_compressed argument"
+            )
+            with sentry_sdk.new_scope() as scope:
+                scope.set_extra("bucket_name", bucket_name)
+                scope.set_extra("path", path)
+                sentry_sdk.capture_message("is_already_gzipped passed with True")
+            is_compressed = True
+            compression_type = "gzip"
+
         if isinstance(data, str):
-            data = data.encode()
+            log.warning(
+                "passing data as a str to write_file is deprecated and will be removed in a future version, instead pass an object compliant with the BinaryIO type"
+            )
+            with sentry_sdk.new_scope() as scope:
+                scope.set_extra("bucket_name", bucket_name)
+                scope.set_extra("path", path)
+                sentry_sdk.capture_message("write_file data argument passed as str")
 
-        if isinstance(data, bytes):
-            if not is_already_gzipped:
-                out = BytesIO()
-                with gzip.GzipFile(fileobj=out, mode="w", compresslevel=9) as gz:
-                    gz.write(data)
-            else:
-                out = BytesIO(data)
-
-            # get file size
-            out.seek(0, os.SEEK_END)
-            out_size = out.tell()
-        else:
-            # data is already a file-like object
-            if not is_already_gzipped:
-                _, filename = tempfile.mkstemp()
-                with gzip.open(filename, "wb") as f:
-                    shutil.copyfileobj(data, f)
-                out = open(filename, "rb")
-            else:
-                out = data
+            data = BytesIO(data.encode())
 
-            out_size = os.stat(filename).st_size
+        if not is_compressed:
+            cctx = zstandard.ZstdCompressor()
+            reader: zstandard.ZstdCompressionReader = cctx.stream_reader(data)
+            _, filepath = tempfile.mkstemp()
+            with open(filepath, "wb") as f:
+                while chunk := reader.read(16384):
+                    f.write(chunk)
+            data = open(filepath, "rb")
 
         try:
-            # reset pos for minio reading.
-            out.seek(0)
+            out_size = data.seek(0, os.SEEK_END)
+            data.seek(0)
+
+            if compression_type == "gzip":
+                content_encoding = "gzip"
+            elif compression_type == "zstd":
+                content_encoding = "zstd"
+
+            headers = {"Content-Encoding": content_encoding}
 
-            headers = {"Content-Encoding": "gzip"}
             if reduced_redundancy:
                 headers["x-amz-storage-class"] = "REDUCED_REDUNDANCY"
+
             self.minio_client.put_object(
                 bucket_name,
                 path,
-                out,
+                data,
                 out_size,
                 metadata=headers,
                 content_type="text/plain",
@@ -195,25 +228,65 @@ def write_file(
 
         except MinioException:
             raise
+        finally:
+            if not is_compressed:
+                data.close()
+                os.unlink(filepath)
 
     @overload
-    def read_file(self, bucket_name: str, path: str) -> bytes: ...
+    def read_file(
+        self, bucket_name: str, path: str, file_obj: None = None
+    ) -> bytes: ...
 
     @overload
-    def read_file(self, bucket_name: str, path: str, file_obj: BinaryIO) -> None: ...
+    def read_file(self, bucket_name: str, path: str, file_obj: str) -> None: ...
 
     def read_file(self, bucket_name, path, file_obj=None) -> bytes | None:
         try:
-            res = self.minio_client.get_object(bucket_name, path)
-            if file_obj is None:
-                data = BytesIO()
-                for d in res.stream(CHUNK_SIZE):
-                    data.write(d)
-                data.seek(0)
-                return data.getvalue()
+            headers = {"Accept-Encoding": "gzip, zstd"}
+            if file_obj:
+                _, tmpfilepath = tempfile.mkstemp()
+                to_file_response: GetObjectToFileResponse = (
+                    self.minio_client.fget_object(
+                        bucket_name, path, tmpfilepath, request_headers=headers
+                    )
+                )
+                data = open(tmpfilepath, "rb")
+                content_encoding = to_file_response.metadata.get(
+                    "Content-Encoding", None
+                )
+            else:
+                response: HTTPResponse = self.minio_client.get_object(
+                    bucket_name, path, request_headers=headers
+                )
+                data = response
+                content_encoding = response.headers.get("Content-Encoding", None)
+
+            reader: Readable | None = None
+            if content_encoding == "gzip":
+                # HTTPResponse automatically decodes gzipped data for us
+                # minio_client.fget_object uses HTTPResponse under the hood,
+                # so this applies to both get_object and fget_object
+                reader = data
+            elif content_encoding == "zstd":
+                # we have to manually decompress zstandard compressed data
+                cctx = zstandard.ZstdDecompressor()
+                reader = cctx.stream_reader(data)
+            else:
+                with sentry_sdk.new_scope() as scope:
+                    scope.set_extra("bucket_name", bucket_name)
+                    scope.set_extra("path", path)
+                    raise ValueError("Blob does not have Content-Encoding set")
+
+            if file_obj:
+                while chunk := reader.read(16384):
+                    file_obj.write(chunk)
+                return None
             else:
-                for d in res.stream(CHUNK_SIZE):
-                    file_obj.write(d)
+                res = BytesIO()
+                while chunk := reader.read(16384):
+                    res.write(chunk)
+                return res.getvalue()
         except S3Error as e:
             if e.code == "NoSuchKey":
                 raise FileNotInStorageError(
@@ -222,6 +295,10 @@ def read_file(self, bucket_name, path, file_obj=None) -> bytes | None:
             raise e
         except MinioException:
             raise
+        finally:
+            if file_obj:
+                data.close()
+                os.unlink(tmpfilepath)
 
     """
         Deletes file url in specified bucket.