Adding OWASP Code #1
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📝 WalkthroughWalkthroughThe changes in this pull request introduce a new educational application demonstrating common security vulnerabilities based on the OWASP Top 10. Key components include two microservices: an Auth Service and a Profile Service, both containing intentional vulnerabilities. The Auth Service handles user authentication, while the Profile Service manages user profiles and file uploads. Additionally, a frontend React application is provided for user interaction. Environment configurations, Dockerfiles for service containers, and necessary dependencies have been added to support the application. Changes
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Actionable comments posted: 26
🧹 Outside diff range and nitpick comments (7)
owasp-top10/README.md (3)
1-9: Enhance the security warning messageWhile the warning is present, consider making it more prominent and detailed by:
- Adding a more visible warning banner
- Including specific risks of deploying vulnerable code
- Adding a note about proper security practices
-# Educational Vulnerable Application +# ⚠️ EDUCATIONAL VULNERABLE APPLICATION ⚠️ -**WARNING: This application is intentionally vulnerable and meant for educational purposes only. DO NOT deploy this in any production environment.** +**🔥 SECURITY WARNING 🔥** +> - This application contains INTENTIONAL security vulnerabilities +> - FOR EDUCATIONAL PURPOSES ONLY +> - NEVER deploy this code in production environments +> - Running this application may expose your system to security risks +> - Always follow secure coding practices in real applications
10-60: Enhance vulnerability documentation with additional resourcesConsider enriching the vulnerability descriptions with:
- Links to official OWASP documentation for each vulnerability
- Code snippets showing both vulnerable and secure implementations
- Basic mitigation strategies for educational purposes
Example enhancement for one section:
### 1. Broken Access Control (A01:2021) +> 🔗 [OWASP Reference](https://owasp.org/Top10/A01_2021-Broken_Access_Control/) - No role-based access control implementation - Direct object references without verification - Location: `auth_service/routes.py` - endpoint `/api/user/<id>` + +Example of vulnerable code: +```python +@app.route('/api/user/<id>') +def get_user(id): + return db.users.find_one({'id': id}) # Vulnerable: No access control +``` + +Secure implementation: +```python +@app.route('/api/user/<id>') +@require_authentication +def get_user(id): + if current_user.id != id and not current_user.is_admin: + return forbidden() + return db.users.find_one({'id': id}) +``` + +Mitigation: +- Implement proper authentication +- Use role-based access control +- Validate user permissions before access
117-121: Improve automated testing section and fix markdown issuesThe automated testing section needs more detail and proper URL formatting.
## Automated Testing -Run security scanners against http://localhost:5000 and http://localhost:5001 to detect vulnerabilities. +Run security scanners against the following endpoints to detect vulnerabilities: +- Auth Service: [http://localhost:5000](http://localhost:5000) +- Profile Service: [http://localhost:5001](http://localhost:5001) + +Recommended security scanning tools: +- OWASP ZAP +- Burp Suite Community Edition +- Nikto + +Scanning Guidelines: +1. Start services in test mode +2. Configure scanner settings for educational environment +3. Review and document findings +4. Clean up after testing ## Disclaimer -This application is for educational purposes only. It contains intentional security vulnerabilities to demonstrate common security issues. DO NOT use any of this code in production environments. +This application is for educational purposes only. It contains intentional security +vulnerabilities to demonstrate common security issues. + +⚠️ IMPORTANT: +- DO NOT use any of this code in production environments +- DO NOT use real credentials or sensitive data +- DO NOT expose this application to the internet +- DO NOT use these vulnerable practices in real applications🧰 Tools
🪛 Markdownlint (0.35.0)
118-118: null
Bare URL used(MD034, no-bare-urls)
118-118: null
Bare URL used(MD034, no-bare-urls)
owasp-top10/profile_service/app.py (1)
1-68: Security Architecture Review RequiredThis code appears to be intentionally vulnerable as part of an OWASP educational application. However, if this were production code, it would require significant security improvements:
- Implement proper authentication and authorization
- Add rate limiting to prevent DoS attacks
- Use secure session management
- Implement proper input validation and sanitization
- Add security headers (HSTS, CSP, etc.)
- Use secure configuration management
- Implement proper logging and monitoring
- Add request validation middleware
Consider using security frameworks and following OWASP secure coding guidelines.
🧰 Tools
🪛 Ruff (0.8.0)
4-4:
pickleimported but unusedRemove unused import:
pickle(F401)
7-7:
jsonimported but unusedRemove unused import:
json(F401)
owasp-top10/auth_service/app.py (1)
5-5: Remove unused import 'json'The
jsonmodule is imported but not used. Removing unused imports improves code readability and cleanliness.Apply this diff to remove the unused import:
-import json🧰 Tools
🪛 Ruff (0.8.0)
5-5:
jsonimported but unusedRemove unused import:
json(F401)
owasp-top10/frontend/src/components/Register.js (2)
5-10: Consider adding validation state for form fieldsAdd state for field validation to provide immediate feedback to users before form submission.
const [userDetails, setUserDetails] = useState({ username: '', password: '', }); const [error, setError] = useState(''); +const [validation, setValidation] = useState({ + username: { isValid: true, message: '' }, + password: { isValid: true, message: '' } +});
46-72: Enhance form UX with password requirements and loading stateAdd password requirements display and loading state for better user experience.
<div className="login-container"> <h2>Register</h2> {error && <p style={{ color: 'red' }}>{error}</p>} + <div className="password-requirements"> + <p>Password must contain:</p> + <ul> + <li>At least 8 characters</li> + <li>One uppercase letter</li> + <li>One lowercase letter</li> + <li>One number</li> + <li>One special character</li> + </ul> + </div> <form onSubmit={handleSubmit}> {/* ... existing inputs ... */} - <button type="submit">Register</button> + <button type="submit" disabled={isLoading}> + {isLoading ? 'Registering...' : 'Register'} + </button> </form>
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⛔ Files ignored due to path filters (5)
owasp-top10/auth_service/__pycache__/utils.cpython-312.pycis excluded by!**/*.pyc,!**/*.pycowasp-top10/docker-compose.ymlis excluded by!**/*.ymlowasp-top10/frontend/package-lock.jsonis excluded by!**/package-lock.json,!**/*.jsonowasp-top10/frontend/package.jsonis excluded by!**/*.jsonowasp-top10/users.dbis excluded by!**/*.db,!**/*.db
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owasp-top10/.env(1 hunks)owasp-top10/.gitignore(1 hunks)owasp-top10/README.md(1 hunks)owasp-top10/auth_service/Dockerfile(1 hunks)owasp-top10/auth_service/app.py(1 hunks)owasp-top10/auth_service/utils.py(1 hunks)owasp-top10/frontend/Dockerfile(1 hunks)owasp-top10/frontend/public/index.html(1 hunks)owasp-top10/frontend/src/App.css(1 hunks)owasp-top10/frontend/src/App.js(1 hunks)owasp-top10/frontend/src/components/Dashboard.js(1 hunks)owasp-top10/frontend/src/components/Login.js(1 hunks)owasp-top10/frontend/src/components/Register.js(1 hunks)owasp-top10/frontend/src/context/AuthContext.js(1 hunks)owasp-top10/frontend/src/index.js(1 hunks)owasp-top10/mongo/Dockerfile(1 hunks)owasp-top10/profile_service/Dockerfile(1 hunks)owasp-top10/profile_service/app.py(1 hunks)owasp-top10/requirements.txt(1 hunks)
✅ Files skipped from review due to trivial changes (9)
- owasp-top10/.gitignore
- owasp-top10/.env
- owasp-top10/mongo/Dockerfile
- owasp-top10/profile_service/Dockerfile
- owasp-top10/auth_service/Dockerfile
- owasp-top10/frontend/Dockerfile
- owasp-top10/frontend/public/index.html
- owasp-top10/frontend/src/index.js
- owasp-top10/frontend/src/App.css
🧰 Additional context used
🪛 LanguageTool
owasp-top10/README.md
[uncategorized] ~63-~63: You might be missing the article “a” here.
Context: ...point ## Setup Instructions 1. Create virtual environment: ```bash python -m venv ven...
(AI_EN_LECTOR_MISSING_DETERMINER_A)
🪛 Markdownlint (0.35.0)
owasp-top10/README.md
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🪛 Biome (1.9.4)
owasp-top10/frontend/src/components/Dashboard.js
[error] 34-34: Avoid passing content using the dangerouslySetInnerHTML prop.
Setting content using code can expose users to cross-site scripting (XSS) attacks
(lint/security/noDangerouslySetInnerHtml)
🪛 Ruff (0.8.0)
owasp-top10/auth_service/app.py
5-5: json imported but unused
Remove unused import: json
(F401)
owasp-top10/profile_service/app.py
4-4: pickle imported but unused
Remove unused import: pickle
(F401)
7-7: json imported but unused
Remove unused import: json
(F401)
🪛 Gitleaks (8.21.2)
owasp-top10/auth_service/app.py
13-13: Detected a Generic API Key, potentially exposing access to various services and sensitive operations.
(generic-api-key)
🔇 Additional comments (2)
owasp-top10/frontend/src/context/AuthContext.js (1)
1-13: Authentication context implemented correctly
The AuthContext and AuthProvider are correctly set up using React's Context API. This implementation allows for centralized authentication state management.
owasp-top10/frontend/src/App.js (1)
1-26: Application routing configured correctly
The routing setup using React Router is correctly implemented. Wrapping the application with AuthProvider ensures that authentication state is accessible throughout the app.
| Flask==2.0.1 | ||
| PyJWT==1.7.1 | ||
| requests==2.25.1 |
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Critical: Update packages with known security vulnerabilities
Several dependencies have known security vulnerabilities that should be addressed:
- Flask 2.0.1 is vulnerable to CSRF attacks (CVE-2023-30861)
- PyJWT 1.7.1 has a critical vulnerability (CVE-2022-29217) allowing algorithm=None
- requests 2.25.1 should be updated to latest stable version
Apply this diff to update to secure versions:
-Flask==2.0.1
-PyJWT==1.7.1
-requests==2.25.1
+Flask==2.3.3
+PyJWT==2.8.0
+requests==2.31.0📝 Committable suggestion
‼️ IMPORTANT
Carefully review the code before committing. Ensure that it accurately replaces the highlighted code, contains no missing lines, and has no issues with indentation. Thoroughly test & benchmark the code to ensure it meets the requirements.
| Flask==2.0.1 | |
| PyJWT==1.7.1 | |
| requests==2.25.1 | |
| Flask==2.3.3 | |
| PyJWT==2.8.0 | |
| requests==2.31.0 |
| pymongo==3.12.0 | ||
| python-dotenv==0.19.0 |
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💡 Codebase verification
Environment configuration needs immediate attention
The verification reveals several security concerns:
- MongoDB connection string is hardcoded in the application code instead of using environment variables
- No environment variable validation or documentation exists
.envfile is committed to version control (found atowasp-top10/.env)- No
.env.exampletemplate file exists to guide configuration - No startup validation for required environment variables
Required actions:
- Remove
.envfrom version control and add it to.gitignore - Move MongoDB connection string to environment variable
- Add environment variable validation at startup
- Create
.env.examplewith required variables - Update README.md with environment configuration instructions
🔗 Analysis chain
Security considerations for environment configuration
While python-dotenv is used for loading environment variables:
- Ensure sensitive credentials are not committed to version control
- Consider using a secrets management service for production
- Document required environment variables in README.md
- Add validation for required environment variables at startup
Let's verify the current environment variable handling:
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| ## Setup Instructions | ||
|
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||
| 1. Create virtual environment: | ||
| ```bash | ||
| python -m venv venv | ||
| source venv/bin/activate # Linux/Mac | ||
| venv\Scripts\activate # Windows | ||
| ``` | ||
|
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| 2. Install dependencies: | ||
| ```bash | ||
| pip install -r requirements.txt | ||
| ``` | ||
|
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| 3. Set up MongoDB: | ||
| - Use local MongoDB instance or | ||
| - Create free MongoDB Atlas cluster | ||
|
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| 4. Configure environment: | ||
| ```bash | ||
| cp .env.example .env | ||
| # Edit .env with your MongoDB URI | ||
| ``` | ||
|
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| 5. Run services: | ||
| ```bash | ||
| # Terminal 1 | ||
| python auth_service/app.py | ||
|
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| # Terminal 2 | ||
| python profile_service/app.py | ||
| ``` | ||
|
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🛠️ Refactor suggestion
Enhance setup instructions with security considerations
While the setup instructions are functional, consider adding:
- Development environment security recommendations
- Specific version requirements
- MongoDB security configuration guidelines
## Setup Instructions
+
+### Prerequisites
+- Python 3.8 or higher
+- MongoDB 4.4 or higher
+- Virtual environment tool
+
+### Security Considerations
+> ⚠️ Development Environment Safety:
+> - Use a dedicated development environment
+> - Never use production credentials
+> - Isolate the vulnerable application network
1. Create virtual environment:
```bash
python -m venv venv
source venv/bin/activate # Linux/Mac
venv\Scripts\activate # Windows- Install dependencies:
pip install -r requirements.txt- Set up MongoDB:
-
- Use local MongoDB instance or
-
- Create free MongoDB Atlas cluster
-
- Use local MongoDB instance:
-
```bash -
# Secure local setup -
mongod --bind_ip 127.0.0.1 --port 27017 -
``` -
- Or create free MongoDB Atlas cluster:
-
- Enable IP whitelist -
- Create dedicated user with minimal privileges -
- Use strong passwords
<details>
<summary>🧰 Tools</summary>
<details>
<summary>🪛 LanguageTool</summary>
[uncategorized] ~63-~63: You might be missing the article “a” here.
Context: ...point ## Setup Instructions 1. Create virtual environment: ```bash python -m venv ven...
(AI_EN_LECTOR_MISSING_DETERMINER_A)
</details>
</details>
<!-- This is an auto-generated comment by CodeRabbit -->
| ## Testing Vulnerabilities | ||
|
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| 1. SQL Injection: | ||
| ``` | ||
| Username: admin' OR '1'='1 | ||
| Password: anything | ||
| ``` | ||
|
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| 2. NoSQL Injection: | ||
| ```javascript | ||
| {"$gt": ""} in username field | ||
| ``` | ||
|
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| 3. Weak Passwords: | ||
| ``` | ||
| Any password with length > 1 is accepted | ||
| ``` | ||
|
|
||
| 4. SSRF Test: | ||
| ``` | ||
| /fetch-avatar?url=file:///etc/passwd | ||
| ``` | ||
|
|
There was a problem hiding this comment.
🛠️ Refactor suggestion
Enhance testing instructions with safety measures and expected outcomes
The testing instructions should include:
- Expected outcomes for each test
- Safety precautions
- Cleanup procedures after testing
## Testing Vulnerabilities
+
+> ⚠️ SAFETY FIRST:
+> - Use only in isolated development environment
+> - Never test these payloads against real systems
+> - Clean up test data after experiments
1. SQL Injection:
-```
+```sql
Username: admin' OR '1'='1
Password: anything+Expected outcome: Unauthorized access to admin account
+Cleanup: Reset admin password after testing
- NoSQL Injection:
{"$gt": ""} in username field+Expected outcome: Bypass authentication
+Cleanup: Check and remove any unauthorized sessions
- Weak Passwords:
-+text
Any password with length > 1 is accepted
+Expected outcome: Creation of account with weak password
+Cleanup: Remove test accounts
4. SSRF Test:
-```
+```http
/fetch-avatar?url=file:///etc/passwd
+Expected outcome: Unauthorized file read
+Cleanup: Review and remove any cached files
<details>
<summary>🧰 Tools</summary>
<details>
<summary>🪛 Markdownlint (0.35.0)</summary>
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</details>
<!-- This is an auto-generated comment by CodeRabbit -->
| from flask import Flask, request, jsonify | ||
| import requests | ||
| from pymongo import MongoClient | ||
| import pickle | ||
| from flask_cors import CORS # Import CORS |
There was a problem hiding this comment.
Remove dangerous unused imports
The pickle module is a security risk as it can execute arbitrary code during deserialization. Since it's unused, it should be removed.
from flask import Flask, request, jsonify
import requests
from pymongo import MongoClient
-import pickle
from flask_cors import CORS # Import CORS📝 Committable suggestion
‼️ IMPORTANT
Carefully review the code before committing. Ensure that it accurately replaces the highlighted code, contains no missing lines, and has no issues with indentation. Thoroughly test & benchmark the code to ensure it meets the requirements.
| from flask import Flask, request, jsonify | |
| import requests | |
| from pymongo import MongoClient | |
| import pickle | |
| from flask_cors import CORS # Import CORS | |
| from flask import Flask, request, jsonify | |
| import requests | |
| from pymongo import MongoClient | |
| from flask_cors import CORS # Import CORS |
🧰 Tools
🪛 Ruff (0.8.0)
4-4: pickle imported but unused
Remove unused import: pickle
(F401)
| const response = await fetch('http://127.0.0.1:5000/register', { | ||
| method: 'POST', | ||
| headers: { | ||
| 'Content-Type': 'application/json', | ||
| }, | ||
| body: JSON.stringify({ | ||
| username: userDetails.username, | ||
| password: userDetails.password, | ||
| }), | ||
| }); |
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Critical: Address security vulnerabilities in API implementation
Several security concerns need to be addressed:
- Hardcoded API URL should be moved to environment configuration
- Missing CSRF protection
- No password strength validation
- No rate limiting protection against brute force attacks
Consider these improvements:
- Move API URL to environment variable:
-const response = await fetch('http://127.0.0.1:5000/register', {
+const response = await fetch(`${process.env.REACT_APP_API_URL}/register`, {
method: 'POST',
headers: {
'Content-Type': 'application/json',
+ 'X-CSRF-Token': getCsrfToken(), // Add CSRF token
},- Add password validation before submission:
const validatePassword = (password) => {
const minLength = 8;
const hasUpperCase = /[A-Z]/.test(password);
const hasLowerCase = /[a-z]/.test(password);
const hasNumbers = /\d/.test(password);
const hasSpecialChar = /[!@#$%^&*]/.test(password);
return password.length >= minLength && hasUpperCase &&
hasLowerCase && hasNumbers && hasSpecialChar;
};| <button type="submit">Register</button> | ||
| </form> | ||
| <p> | ||
| Already have an account? <a href="/login">Login</a> |
There was a problem hiding this comment.
🛠️ Refactor suggestion
Replace anchor tag with React Router's Link component
Using anchor tags for internal navigation causes full page reloads. Use React Router's Link component instead.
-Already have an account? <a href="/login">Login</a>
+Already have an account? <Link to="/login">Login</Link>Committable suggestion skipped: line range outside the PR's diff.
| e.preventDefault(); | ||
|
|
||
| try { | ||
| document.getElementById('status').innerHTML = `Logging in as ${credentials.username}...`; |
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Critical: Fix security vulnerabilities in authentication handling
Several critical security issues need to be addressed:
- Direct DOM manipulation for status updates
- Storing sensitive credentials in localStorage
- Missing proper error handling
Replace with secure implementation:
-document.getElementById('status').innerHTML = `Logging in as ${credentials.username}...`;
+const [status, setStatus] = useState('');
+// ... in handleSubmit
+setStatus(`Logging in as ${credentials.username}...`);
-localStorage.setItem('token', data.token);
-localStorage.setItem('user_data', JSON.stringify(credentials));
+// Store only the JWT token, never store credentials
+localStorage.setItem('token', data.token);Also applies to: 25-26
| <input | ||
| type="text" | ||
| placeholder="Username" | ||
| onChange={(e) => setCredentials({ | ||
| ...credentials, | ||
| username: e.target.value | ||
| })} | ||
| /> | ||
| </div> | ||
| <div> | ||
| <input | ||
| type="password" | ||
| placeholder="Password" | ||
| onChange={(e) => setCredentials({ | ||
| ...credentials, | ||
| password: e.target.value | ||
| })} | ||
| /> | ||
| </div> |
There was a problem hiding this comment.
🛠️ Refactor suggestion
Improve form implementation following React best practices
Current implementation has several issues:
- Inputs are uncontrolled
- Inline event handlers
- Missing form validation
+const handleInputChange = (e) => {
+ const { name, value } = e.target;
+ setCredentials(prev => ({
+ ...prev,
+ [name]: value
+ }));
+};
<input
type="text"
+ name="username"
placeholder="Username"
+ value={credentials.username}
- onChange={(e) => setCredentials({
- ...credentials,
- username: e.target.value
- })}
+ onChange={handleInputChange}
+ required
/>Committable suggestion skipped: line range outside the PR's diff.
| } catch (error) { | ||
| console.error('Login failed:', error); | ||
| } |
There was a problem hiding this comment.
🛠️ Refactor suggestion
Implement proper error handling and user feedback
Current error handling only logs to console without informing the user.
} catch (error) {
- console.error('Login failed:', error);
+ setError(error.message || 'Login failed. Please try again.');
+ setStatus('');
}Committable suggestion skipped: line range outside the PR's diff.
Adding code for the OWASP app.
Summary by CodeRabbit
Release Notes
New Features
Bug Fixes
Documentation
Chores