[js/webgpu] validate transpose perm if specified (#23197)

### Description
<!-- Describe your changes. -->



### Motivation and Context
<!-- - Why is this change required? What problem does it solve?
- If it fixes an open issue, please link to the issue here. -->

js/web/lib/wasm/jsep/webgpu/ops/transpose.ts

@@ -13,14 +13,18 @@ export interface TransposeAttributes extends AttributeWithCacheKey {
   readonly perm: number[];
 }
 
-const validateInputs = (inputs: readonly TensorView[]): void => {
+const validateInputs = (inputs: readonly TensorView[], perm: readonly number[]): void => {
   if (!inputs || inputs.length !== 1) {
     throw new Error('Transpose requires 1 input.');
   }
+
+  if (perm.length !== 0 && perm.length !== inputs[0].dims.length) {
+    throw new Error(`perm size ${perm.length} does not match input rank ${inputs[0].dims.length}`);
+  }
 };
 
 const getAdjustedPerm = (inputRank: number, perm: number[]): number[] =>
-  perm && perm.length !== inputRank ? [...new Array(inputRank).keys()].reverse() : perm;
+  perm.length !== 0 ? perm : [...new Array(inputRank).keys()].reverse();
 
 const getOutputShape = (inputShape: readonly number[], perm: number[]): readonly number[] =>
   ShapeUtil.sortBasedOnPerm(inputShape, getAdjustedPerm(inputShape.length, perm));
@@ -191,7 +195,7 @@ export const createTransposeProgramInfo = (inputTensor: TensorView, permAttr: nu
 };
 
 export const transpose = (context: ComputeContext, attributes: TransposeAttributes): void => {
-  validateInputs(context.inputs);
+  validateInputs(context.inputs, attributes.perm);
   context.compute(createTransposeProgramInfo(context.inputs[0], attributes.perm));
 };