[system variables]

- [`nexial.browser.lang`]: now supports changing browser language to aid the testing of language-aware websites.

[web]
- [`switchBrowser(profile,config)`]: fix issue with rendering multiple independent browsers.

commands/web/switchBrowser(profile,config).md

@@ -10,18 +10,18 @@ comments: true
 This command instructs Nexial to suspend the automation on the current browser (if any) and switch the automation to 
 another browser instance. 
 
-At times, it is critical to automate with multiple independent browser to browser to sufficiently validate the intended 
+At times, it is critical to automate with multiple independent browsers to sufficiently validate the intended 
 functionality of the target application. In the context of automation, "independent browsers" means browsers that are 
 sequestered from each other in terms of processes and session management. As such, one can toggle automation between
 multiple personae and their respective browsing experience. It is then possible to observe and validate the intended
 consequences of these personae independently interacting with the application. For example, we can use this command to
 simulate 2 users bidding (online) on the same product, or to simulate 2 (or more) users chatting online via the same
 channel.
 
-This command takes 2 parameters: `profile` is an user-defined _identifier_ to reference a specific browser instance. 
+This command takes 2 parameters: `profile` is a user-defined _identifier_ to reference a specific browser instance. 
 One can toggle between multiple browser instances using the `profile` parameter. The `config` parameter is a set of
-name-value configurations to determine the construct of a browser instance. Each name-value pair would take up a line, 
-or separated by comma. For example,<br/>
+name-value configurations to determine the construct of a browser instance. Each name-value pair would take up a line. 
+For example,<br/>
 ![](image/switchBrowser_01.png)
 
 This means to switch the automation to another browser, referenced as `adminBrowser`, which :
@@ -31,8 +31,8 @@ This means to switch the automation to another browser, referenced as `adminBrow
    the automation script,
 4. shall use "light red" background color as the highlight
 
-Just about any [System variables](../../systemvars/) prefixed by `nexial.browser` or `nexial.web` can be included in 
-the `config` parameter. If no special configuration is needed, simply use `(empty)` or `(blank)` instead.
+Just about any [System variables](../../systemvars/) that is prefixed by `nexial.browser` or `nexial.web` can be 
+included in the `config` parameter. If no special configuration is needed, simply use `(empty)` or `(blank)` instead.
 
 After this command is executed, any subsequent [web] commands will take effect on the newly switched-to browser. To 
 switch to another browser instance, simply issue this command again with another `profile` name. To switch to the 

release/nexial-core-v4.4.changelog.md

@@ -60,8 +60,10 @@ comments: true
 - [`nexial.targetDisplay`](../systemvars/index.html#nexial.targetDisplay): Support display pinning so that the browser 
   used during automation will be opened to a display (monitor) of your choice. Expected 0-based value for display, or 
   use `CURRENT` for currently active monitor. For example, `nexial.targetDisplay=CURRENT|0|1|...`
-- [`nexial.browser.windowSize`](../systemvars/content.html#nexial.browser.windowSize): now supports specialized 
+- [`nexial.browser.windowSize`](../systemvars/index.html#nexial.browser.windowSize): now supports specialized 
  keyword (one of `maximized`, `maximize`, `fullscreen`, `full`) to maximize browser window when it initially opens.
+- [`nexial.browser.lang`](../systemvars/index.html#nexial.browser.lang): now supports changing browser language to aid 
+  the testing of language-aware websites.
 
 
 ### [Expression](../expression)
@@ -144,6 +146,8 @@ comments: true
 - suppress the certification selection dialog that pops up when accessing certain URL on Chrome (esp. when automation 
   is performed on an enterprise-managed compute resource). 
 - prevent the changing of window position on headless browsers.
+- [`switchBrowser(profile,config)`](../commands/web/switchBrowser(profile,config)): fix issue with rendering multiple 
+  independent browsers.
 
 
 ### [webmail commands](../commands/webmail)

systemvars/content.html

@@ -3223,7 +3223,6 @@
             Currently only the Chrome and Firefox browsers are support for this feature.
         </td>
     </tr>
-
     <tr>
         <td class="varname" nowrap="nowrap">
             <a id="nexial.browser.meta"><code>nexial.browser.meta</code></a>
@@ -3236,6 +3235,29 @@
             <a href="../commands/web/index#browser-metadata">Browser Metadata</a>.
         </td>
     </tr>
+    <tr>
+        <td class="varname" nowrap="nowrap">
+            <a id="nexial.browser.lang"><code>nexial.browser.lang</code></a>
+        </td>
+        <td>string</td>
+        <td></td>
+        <td class="read-write">read/write</td>
+        <td>
+            <b>NOTE: THIS SYSTEM VARIABLE IS EFFECTIVE ON CHROME BROWSER ONLY. FUTURE VERSION OF NEXIAL WILL LIKELY SUPPORT OTHER BROWSERS.</b>
+            <br/>
+            Use this System variable to change the browser's language setting. By default, the browser is launched using
+            the language setting of its underlying operating system. For the purpose of testing, it is sometimes useful
+            to change the browser's language setting in order to evaluate its impact on the target web application.<br/>
+            <br/>
+            For example, by setting <code>nexial.browser.lang</code> to <code>zh-TW</code>, Google Search is rendered
+            in Chinese:<br/>
+            <img src="image/nexial.browser.lang_01.png"/><br/>
+            <br/>
+            For more ideas and technical details, visit the <a href='../tipsandtricks/DiffLangSideBySide.html'>How to
+            automate website in different languages side-by-side</a>
+            <br/>
+        </td>
+    </tr>
     <tr>
         <td class="varname" nowrap="nowrap">
             <a id="nexial.ignoreBrowserAlert"><code>nexial.ignoreBrowserAlert</code></a>
@@ -4069,7 +4091,7 @@
                 <li>user profile directory is platform-specified</li>
                 <li>user profile directory is not applicable for IE, Edge or Safari browser</li>
                 <li>when specified, this System variable will override the <a href="#nexial.browser.incognito">
-                    <code>nexial.browser.incognito</code></a> System variable (default is <code>false</code>).
+                    <code>nexial.browser.incognito</code></a> System variable (default is <code>true</code>).
                 </li>
             </ol>
         </td>

tipsandtricks/DiffLangSideBySide.md

@@ -0,0 +1,122 @@
+---
+layout: default
+title: How to automate website in different languages side-by-side
+parent: Tips and Tricks
+tags: command tipsandtricks web language lang side-by-side windowSize windowPosition
+comments: true
+---
+
+<style>
+table {
+	width: 950px;
+	margin: 15px 0;
+	font-size: 10pt;
+	font-family: Tahoma, serif;
+}
+
+table th {
+	font-weight: bold;
+}
+
+table td code {
+	background-color: transparent;
+	border: none;
+	font-family: Consolas, monospace;
+}
+
+</style>
+
+### Introduction
+Multilingual websites deserve additional tests - namely language-related UX such as content layout and form submission.
+Generally speaking, such type of testings are a subset of internationalization (i18n) testing.  With Nexial, we can 
+automate some od the i18n testing within a single execution with the help of 2 specific features:
+- [web &raquo; switchBrowser(profile,config)](../commands/web/switchBrowser(profile,config))
+- System variable [`nexial.browser.lang`](../systemvars/index.html#nexial.browser.lang)
+
+Read on to learn more.
+
+
+### Configure the language
+By default, web browser aligns to the language setting of its underlying operating system. For multilingual website 
+testing, it is not always practical to change the language setting of the operating system in order to test the same
+website rendered in another language. With Nexial, we can accomplish this by simply using the System variable 
+[`nexial.browser.lang`](../systemvars/index.html#nexial.browser.lang).
+
+One can pin this System variable via the appropriate data file, 
+[`project.properties`](../userguide/UnderstandingProjectStructure.html#artifactprojectproperties), or command line for
+just-in-time override. Here's an example how one could set this System variable via command line:
+
+```shell
+cd ~/projects/nexial-core/bin
+./nexial.sh \
+	-override nexial.browser.lang=es \
+	-script ~/projects/MyProject/artifact/script/MyScript.xlsx \
+	... ...
+```
+As a result, navigating to a language-aware website, such as Google Search, will render its content in Spanish (if the 
+website supports Spanish).
+
+For a good listing of all possible languages, check out the
+<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_ISO_639-1_codes" target="_nexial_link">List of ISO 639-1 codes</a>.
+
+
+### Switching between multiple independent browsers
+In addition to the ability to change browser language, Nexial also provides a way to open up multiple independent 
+browsers - and possibly in different language setting. To accomplish this, we would use the
+[web &raquo; switchBrowser(profile,config)](../commands/web/switchBrowser(profile,config)) command. With this command
+we can switch between multiple independent browsers -- browsers that do not share cache or cookies -- and each browser
+instance with different settings.
+
+Let's see an example below:<br/>
+![](image/DiffLangSideBySide_01.png)
+
+Here, we are instructing Nexial to open `https://www.google.com` on one browser instance (the default browser instance), 
+and then "switching" to another browser (new browser instance). Notice that the second 
+argument of the `switchBrowser` command contains a series of settings:
+
+```
+nexial.browser=chrome
+nexial.browser.lang=en
+nexial.browser.windowPosition=800,0
+nexial.browser.windowSize=800x800
+```
+
+... which effectively reads:
+
+> create a new browser instance, named as `en-browser`, that is: 
+>  - a Chrome browser,
+>  - with browser language set to English
+>  - with browser window position set to x-position 800, y-position 0
+>  - with browser window size set to 800x800
+
+The third command (`open(url)`) then opens `https://www.google.com` on the new browser instance.
+
+We can execute the above script with the command line overrides to change the browser language to Chinese (`zh-TW`) and 
+the browser window size to `800x800`:
+
+```shell
+cd ~/projects/nexial-core/bin
+./nexial.sh \
+	-override nexial.browser.lang=zh-TW \
+	-override nexial.browser.windowSize=800x800 \
+	-script ~/projects/MyProject/artifact/script/MyScript.xlsx \
+	... ...
+```
+
+The end results looks like this:<br/>
+![](image/DiffLangSideBySide_02.png)
+
+Notice that the browsers are laid out side-by-side because of the `nexial.browser.windowPosition` configuration 
+specified as part of the `switchBrowser()` command. Notice also that Google Search does not look the same when 
+rendered in English and Chinese. Clearly more i18n testing is needed here!
+
+We can now switch between these 2 browser instances using the same `switchBrowser()` command. For example, we can
+open up another website on both browsers to test out the content layout under different language rendering:<br/>
+
+![](image/DiffLangSideBySide_03.png)<br/>
+
+Note that the default browser instance has a "profile" name as `DEFAULT`.
+
+Here are how they look side-by-side:<br/>
+![](image/DiffLangSideBySide_04.png)
+

tipsandtricks/index.md

@@ -56,6 +56,7 @@ redirect_from:
 - [Forcefully update or omit webdriver updates](HOWTOForcefullyUpdateWebDriver)
 - [How to check edge browser version](HOWTOCheckEdgeVersion)
 - [How to validate canvas-based chart data](ValidateChartData)
+- [How to automate website in different languages side-by-side](DiffLangSideBySide)
 
 
 #### External Services