[Tokenomics] Harden settlement (part 1: TLM isolation) (#889)

## Summary

Refactors claim settlement and token logic module processing:
- Isolates TLM processors from the tokenomics keeper
- Restructures settlement and TLM processing to avoid non-determinism
- Consolidates and postpones ALL state modification until the end of
settlement

## Issue

- #881 

## Type of change

Select one or more from the following:

- [ ] New feature, functionality or library
- [x] Consensus breaking; add the `consensus-breaking` label if so. See
#791 for details
- [ ] Bug fix
- [x] Code health or cleanup
- [ ] Documentation
- [ ] Other (specify)

## Testing

- [ ] **Documentation**: `make docusaurus_start`; only needed if you
make doc changes
- [ ] **Unit Tests**: `make go_develop_and_test`
- [ ] **LocalNet E2E Tests**: `make test_e2e`
- [ ] **DevNet E2E Tests**: Add the `devnet-test-e2e` label to the PR.

## Sanity Checklist

- [ ] I have tested my changes using the available tooling
- [ ] I have commented my code
- [ ] I have performed a self-review of my own code; both comments &
source code
- [ ] I create and reference any new tickets, if applicable
- [ ] I have left TODOs throughout the codebase, if applicable

---------

Co-authored-by: Redouane Lakrache <[email protected]>
Co-authored-by: Daniel Olshansky <[email protected]>

.tool-versions

@@ -2,3 +2,4 @@
 # and `asdf current` to switch to the versions of dependencies listed below
 golang 1.23.0
 go 1.23.0
+python 3.11.10