Support polars DataFrames, LazyFrames

[cosmicBboy]

Polars integration

The polars-dev branch is where development work to add polars support in pandera. The scope of this support is to cover the core pandera API:

• core schemas
• schema components
• built-in and custom checks
• integration with pandera type system
• dataframe models
• function decorators
• configuration for enabling/disabling validation

See here for a more complete picture of the components above, and here for higher-level pieces of work that can be tackled somewhat independently.

Future work will cover the extras functionality such as serialization/deserialization of schemas to yaml/json or data synthesis strategies (unless there are some eager contributors out there who want to run with it).

Docs preview: https://pandera--1373.org.readthedocs.build/en/1373/polars.html#polars

[codecov]

Codecov Report

Attention: Patch coverage is 0.73260% with 271 lines in your changes are missing coverage. Please review.

Project coverage is 90.71%. Comparing base (4df61da) to head (cc9cb6f).
Report is 21 commits behind head on main.

❗ Current head cc9cb6f differs from pull request most recent head d25586c. Consider uploading reports for the commit d25586c to get more accurate results

Files	Patch %	Lines
pandera/backends/polars/builtin_checks.py	0.00%	58 Missing ⚠️
pandera/backends/polars/components.py	0.00%	49 Missing ⚠️
pandera/backends/polars/base.py	0.00%	45 Missing ⚠️
pandera/backends/polars/checks.py	0.00%	39 Missing ⚠️
pandera/backends/polars/container.py	0.00%	39 Missing ⚠️
pandera/backends/polars/__init__.py	0.00%	11 Missing ⚠️
pandera/api/polars/types.py	0.00%	10 Missing ⚠️
pandera/api/polars/components.py	0.00%	8 Missing ⚠️
pandera/api/polars/container.py	0.00%	6 Missing ⚠️
pandera/polars.py	0.00%	4 Missing ⚠️
... and 1 more

Additional details and impacted files

@@            Coverage Diff             @@
##             main    #1373      +/-   ##
==========================================
- Coverage   94.29%   90.71%   -3.58%     
==========================================
  Files          91      102      +11     
  Lines        7024     7246     +222     
==========================================
- Hits         6623     6573      -50     
- Misses        401      673     +272     

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